Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pear psylla

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Pear psylla'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Pear psylla"

1

EMAMI, Mohammad Saeed. "Field evaluation of the relative susceptibility of six pear varieties to the pear psylla (Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster, 1848))." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 114, no. 1 (2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2019.114.1.5.

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The pear psylla, <em>Cacopsylla pyricola</em> (Foerster, 1848) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is one of the most detrimental pests in commercial pear orchards. Varieties with low infestation level to pear psylla would offer to integrated psyllid management. The natural infestation level of six pear varieties to pear psylla was studied under field conditions during three successive years. The pear varieties consisted of ‘Comice’, ‘Buerre Giffard’, ‘Bonne Louise’, ‘Felestini’, ‘Shahmiveh’, and ‘Sebri’. Psyllid population was sampled weekly by limb jarring method and selecting 10 leaves randomly per tree. The results indicated that the size of the psyllid population on the tested pear varieties was significantly different (F 5, 30 = 816.18, p < 0.0001). ‘Shahmiveh’ and ‘Sebri’ showed high and low susceptible, respectively, to pear psylla infestation. The natural infestation level of <em>C.</em> <em>pyricola</em> was 37.01 % and 35.8 % lower on ‘Bonne Louise’ and ‘Sebri’, respectively, than on ‘Shahmiveh’. These varieties may be used for crossing in breeding programs to develop plant resistance to <em>C. pyricola</em> and may be exploited in integrated psyllid management.
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2

Cooper, W. R., G. J. Puterka, and D. M. Glenn. "Relative attractiveness of colour traps to pear psylla in relation to seasonal changes in pear phenology." Canadian Entomologist 142, no. 2 (2010): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n09-018.

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AbstractMonitoring of pear psylla (Cacopsylla pyricola (Förster), Hemiptera: Psyllidae) prior to spring bud break could aid in predicting the size of subsequent spring populations and lead to improved proactive management decisions. Yellow traps are commonly used to monitor hemipteran pests including pear psylla, but very little is known regarding seasonal changes in attractiveness of yellow traps or relative attractiveness of colours other than yellow. This study presents seasonal colour-trap preferences of pear psyllas based on pear (Pyrus communis L., Rosaceae) phenological stages in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States of America. Black, blue, brown, clear (colourless), green, orange, red, white, and yellow traps were assayed against wild adult psylla populations over a 2-year period. Pear psyllas had a strong preference for yellow and orange when green leaves were present; however, we found no statistically significant difference between traps of different colours prior to spring bud break. Significantly more female psyllas were caught overall, but there was no gender-based colour bias. None of our colour traps caught significantly fewer psyllas than did clear (background hue) traps, suggesting that no traps were repellent.
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Blomquist, C. L., and B. C. Kirkpatrick. "Frequency and Seasonal Distribution of Pear Psylla Infected with the Pear Decline Phytoplasma in California Pear Orchards." Phytopathology® 92, no. 11 (2002): 1218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2002.92.11.1218.

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Pear decline (PD) is an important disease of Pyrus communis fruiting cultivars in Europe, Asia, and the Americas. PD is caused by a phloem-limited phytoplasma that, in California, is transmitted from diseased to healthy trees by pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola. The percentage of phytoplasma-infected pear psylla has never been assessed in the United States in field-collected insects. Pear psylla were collected monthly from PD-infected trees from three orchards in northern California. Individual psylla were tested for the presence of PD phytoplasma, using both a quantitative DNA hybridization and PD phytoplasma-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. The percentage of infected psylla ranged from 0 to 45% depending on the orchard, the month and year collected, and the method of detection. The PD phytoplasma was detected in both the winterform and summerform pear psylla. Significantly more infected psylla were detected with PCR than with DNA hybridization analysis in two of the three orchards. The number of PD phytoplasma per pear psylla was estimated to range from 1 × 106 to 8.2 × 107. The percentage of PD-infected pear psylla found in the three northern California pear orchards suggests that both winterform and summerform pear psylla could be important in the transmission of PD.
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Horton, David R., Everett C. Burts, Thomas R. Unruh, James L. Krysan, Leonard B. Coop, and Brian A. Croft. "PHENOLOGY OF FALL DISPERSAL BY WINTERFORM PEAR PSYLLA (HOMOPTERA: PSYLLIDAE) IN RELATION TO LEAF FALL AND WEATHER." Canadian Entomologist 126, no. 1 (1994): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent126111-1.

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AbstractPhenology of fall dispersal into apple orchards is described for winterform pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, in orchards located in Yakima and Wenatchee, Washington. Psylla in both regions first appeared on pear in mid to late September, reaching peak densities in late October or early to mid November, and then decreased in numbers to a low in December. Movement onto apple began in October; peak counts on apple occurred in late November to early December. There was considerable variation among years in phenology of leaf fall in pear and numbers of psylla entering apple. Leaf fall in pear was delayed in a cool, wet fall (1991) compared with warmer and drier years (1990 and 1992), and temperatures during leaf fall were consequently lower in 1991. Numbers of psylla moving onto apple were considerably lower in 1991 than 1990 or 1992. Catch on sticky traps and dispersal rates onto apple were both positively correlated with rates of leaf fall in pear, temperature, and density of psylla on pear.
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Nottingham, Louis B., and Elizabeth H. Beers. "Management of Pear Psylla (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) Using Reflective Plastic Mulch." Journal of Economic Entomology 113, no. 6 (2020): 2840–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa241.

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Abstract Pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Förster), has remained the most challenging pest of commercial pears in Washington and Oregon, the top producers of pears in the United States. The lack of effective integrated pest management tactics for this pest has been a major barrier to effective management. In this study, we examined the potential for reflective plastic mulch affixed beneath pear trees to suppress pear psylla. In 2017 and 2018, single pear tree (cv. Bartlett) plots of reflective plastic mulch, black plastic mulch, and no mulch (check) were established in a research orchard to compare their effects on pear psylla. Arthropods were sampled every 7–14 d from March through late summer. In both years, reflective mulch plots had significantly fewer pear psylla adults, eggs, and nymphs of the first generation compared with black plastic and check plots. However, later generations of psylla were not suppressed by reflective mulch. Semi-field tests were conducted in 2019 and 2020 using uniformly pruned potted pear trees on either reflective plastic mulch or grass to determine whether summerform adults were tolerant to reflected light from mulch, or if shading from vegetative growth negated the effect of the mulch. In both years, significantly fewer summerform adults and eggs were found in reflective mulch plots, suggesting that shading, rather than summerform tolerance, reduced effects from reflective mulch in the summer. This study demonstrates the potential for reflective mulch to suppress pear psylla and justifies future examination as part of a season-long management program.
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6

Wentz, Katie, W. Rodney Cooper, David R. Horton, Robert Kao, and Louis B. Nottingham. "The Artificial Sweetener, Erythritol, Has Insecticidal Properties Against Pear Psylla (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 113, no. 5 (2020): 2293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa124.

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Abstract Erythritol is a dietary sweetener that is used for low-calorie or diabetic diets. Although safe for human consumption, erythritol is lethal to certain Dipteran pests, but insecticidal effects of erythritol on phloem-feeding insects have yet to be examined. Our goal was to determine whether erythritol has insecticidal activity against pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). We first demonstrated that ingestion of erythritol solutions compared with water by pear psylla caused reduced feeding, impaired motor functions, and reduced survival time of adults. We then tested whether foliar treatment of pear leaves with erythritol was also lethal to pear psylla. Foliar treatment of erythritol led to reduced 3-d survival of pear psylla nymphs and adults, and reduced rates of oviposition by pear psylla adults. Psylla adults also preferred to settle on untreated leaves than on erythritol-treated leaves in preference assays. Finally, we conducted field experiments to test whether applications of erythritol provided pear trees with protection against pear psylla under natural field conditions. Those experiments showed a reduction in pear psylla nymphs on erythritol-treated trees compared with untreated trees, but only if the erythritol was completely dissolved into solution by heating. Laboratory trials confirmed the importance of heating. Results of our experiments demonstrate that erythritol is insecticidal to pear psylla nymphs and adults and provide the first report that erythritol is lethal to a phloem-feeding insect. These findings suggest that erythritol may provide a new safe and effective tool for the management of pear psylla.
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Hull, Larry A. "Pear, Seasonal Pear Psylla Control Experiment, 1994." Arthropod Management Tests 20, no. 1 (1995): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/20.1.39a.

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Abstract Experimental sprays were applied to replicated three tree plots in a block of ‘Bartlett’ (84%), ‘Bosc’ (9%), and ‘D’Anjou’ (7%) pears. Trees were planted to a spacing of 24 × 24 ft and were 15 years old. Each treatment was replicated four times in a RCB design. Experimental sprays were applied with a Friend Airmaster ‘309’ calibrated to deliver 100 gpa at 2.2 mph. All plots received a regular fungicide maintenance schedule of Benlate 50DF, Streptomycin and Ziran 76WP. All sampling was conducted on the middle ‘Bartlett’ tree in each replicate. All treatments were evaluated by counting eggs and/or nymphs from leaf samples using a binocular microscope under 10X magnification at 5-14 d intervals. Counts were made on 15 spur-leaf samples from 6 May to 18 May; on 5 spur and 10 third most distal leaf samples from 24 May to 30 Jun; and on 15 third most distal leaf samples on 7 Jul to 28 Jul. Adult PP were sampled by making two taps on eight limbs per center plot tree. All adults dropping onto 0.2 m2 collecting tray were counted. Pear fruits (25 per replicate) were rated as 0 (no russet), 1 (1-10% russeted surface), 2 (11-25% russeted surface), 3 (26-50% russeted surface), or 4 (>51% russeted surface). Possible ranges are 0-30 (none to 1-10% russeted surface), 31-60 (1-10% to 11-25% russeted surface), 61-90 (11-25% to 26-50% russeted surface), and 91-120 (26-50% to >51% russeted surface).
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8

Wheeler, Celeste E., Christine Vandervoort, and John C. Wise. "Organic Control of Pear Psylla in Pear with Trunk Injection." Insects 11, no. 9 (2020): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11090650.

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Organic production of pears is challenging in part because OMRI (Organic Materials Review Institute) approved biopesticides are short lived when applied as foliar sprays. Trunk injection is an alternative method of insecticide delivery that may enhance the performance of biopesticides for control of pear psylla. The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of azadirachtin and abamectin in the control of pear psylla using two different application methods, airblast sprayer and trunk injection. Trunk injections of azadirachtin and abamectin were compared to airblast applications of equal labeled rates on 33-year-old Bartlett Pear trees (Pyrus communis L., var “Bartlett”). The azadirachtin and abamectin trunk injected treatments performed equally or better than the two airblast applications in the control of the pear psylla. The trunk injected trees from the first season provided a moderate level of control into the second season, one year after the injections. This study suggests that trunk injection is a superior delivery system for biopesticides used in organic pear production.
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Nissar, Meinaz, Sushil Kumar, Irham Rasool, Showkat Dar, G. M. Lone, and Rafiya Mushtaq. "Efficacy of Various Insecticides against Pear Psylla (Psylla pyricola Foerster) on Pear in Kashmir." Vegetos- An International Journal of Plant Research 30, special (2017): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2229-4473.2017.00051.9.

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10

Hull, Larry A. "Pear, Seasonal Insecticide Evaluation for Pear Psylla, 1996." Arthropod Management Tests 22, no. 1 (1997): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/22.1.34.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pear psylla"

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Montanari, Sara. "Identification and mapping of genomic regions controlling fire blight and psylla resistance and hybrid necrosis in pear." Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0063/document.

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Le feu bactérien et le psylle causent d’importantes pertes économiques dans les zones de production du poirier dans le monde entier. Le développement de nouvelles variétés de poirier résistantes à ces bio-agresseurs constitue un enjeu majeur dans le cadre d’un programme de lutte intégrée. L’objectif de ce projet de thèse est l'étude du déterminisme génétique de la résistance vis-à-vis de ces deux bio-agresseurs. La thèse a été réalisée dans le cadre d’une collaboration internationale entre Fondazione Edmund Mach (Italie), Institut de Recherches en Horticulture et Semences (France) et Plant &amp; Food Research (Nouvelle-Zélande). Une descendance interspécifique de poirier T003 x ‘Moonglow’ a été développée avec pour objectif de cumuler les résistances au feu bactérien et au psylle provenant de variétés asiatiques et européennes de Pyrus. Deux cartes génétiques ont été élaborées pour T003 et ‘Moonglow’ sur la base de marqueurs SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) et SSR (microsatellite), et la cartographie de QTLs (Quantitative Trait Loci) a permis de démontrer le déterminisme polygénique de la résistance à ces bio-agresseurs. Une sélection assistée par marqueurs (MAS) peut donc être engagée pour ces deux caractères. Des incompatibilités génétiques ont aussi été observées dans une partie de la descendance, ce qui a permis de cartographier pour la première fois chez le poirier les zones du génome liées au phénomène de « nécrose hybride ». Le développement de marqueurs liés aux gènes létaux devrait permettre aux sélectionneurs d’éviter les combinaisons incompatibles en croisement qui peuvent impacter certains caractères agronomiques co-ségrégant avec ces gènes létaux<br>The goal of this PhD project was to study the genetic architecture of pear resistance to two of its most significant diseases and pests, fire blight and psylla, which cause severe yield losses in all the main pear production regions worldwide. The development of new pear varieties with resistance against these two biotic stresses is of major interest for Integrated Pest Management. This project was designed in a joint collaboration among Fondazione Edmund Mach (Italy), Institut de Recherches en Horticulture et Semences (France) and Plant &amp; Food Research (New-Zealand). The interspecific pear F1 progeny T003 x ‘Moonglow’ was developed with the purpose of cumulating resistances to fire blight and psylla deriving from Asian and European pear cultivars. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR)-based genetic maps were built for T003 and ‘Moonglow’. Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) were detected for the resistances, demonstrating their polygenic nature. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) can now be applied for these two traits. Furthermore, the segregating population exhibited genetic incompatibilities, and the genomic regions associated with hybrid necrosis were mapped for the first time in pear. Development of molecular markers linked to the lethal genes should allow breeders to avoid crosses leading to incompatible combinations that could affect the expression of important agronomic traits co-segregating with these genes
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Booth, Steven R. "The potential of endemic natural enemies to suppress pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Förster, in the Hood River Valley, Oregon." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36064.

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This thesis addressed the potential of endemic predaceous and parasitic arthropods of the Hood River Valley, Oregon to suppress the pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola F8rster. Natural enemies adequately suppressed psylla in three of seven unsprayed orchards of differing vegetational settings, orchard age, and size. Relatively few psylla natural enemies dispersed to unsprayed pear mini-orchards, dspite abundant populations on surrounding noncultivated vegetation. Pear psylla natural enemies were more abundant on arboreal rather than herbaceous non-pear hosts. Selective programs of pear pest control based on diflubenzuron were moderately successful in controlling the pear psylla, with natural enemies aiding in suppression in six of fourteen commercial trials of selective programs. In both unsprayed and commercial pear orchards, late-season psylla densities appeared to be best suppressed when levels of natural enemies were high during early-season. Classification analysis confirmed that orchard site, chemical regime, type (mini- or commercial), and season affected proportions of natural enemies and their pear psylla prey. Complexes of natural enemies and pear psylla immatures from commercial orchards where biological control was successfully demonstrated were taxonomically similar. Effective natural enemy complexes in commercial orchards were characterized by earwigs, lacewing larvae, and moderate proportions of pear psylla immatures during early season and Deraeocoris brevis, earwigs, and lacewings during mid-season. Plagiognathous guttatipes (Uhler) or Diaphnocoris provancheri (Burque) dominated effective natural enemy seasonal complexes at each of two mini-orchards. The functional response to pear psylla eggs was measured for five predaceous mirids. Functional response parameters differed among species and their life-stages, but all destroyed large numbers of psylla eggs. Further experimental directions for the implementation of pear psylla biological control are proposed. General investigative strategies include: (1) augment natural enemies on non-pear vegetation adjacent to the target orchard, and (2) modify the orchard habitat to both encourage natural enemy colonization and allow permanent complexes of natural enemies to develop. Specific tactics include: plant hedgerows of filbert or willow, cultivate snakeflies, introduce Anthocoris nemoralis, adjust early season psylla densities with suitable timing and kind of delayed dormant sprays, using a more effective selective psyllacide, and reduce winter pruning to allow development of natural enemies which overwinter in the egg stage.<br>Graduation date: 1992
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Books on the topic "Pear psylla"

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Food, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and. Pear Psylla in Ontario Pear Orchards: Pest Management Program For Pears Series. s.n, 1990.

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2

Akre, Roger D. Transplanting ants to pear orchards for psylla control. Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture and Home Economics, Washington State University, 1991.

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3

Nelson, Bruce Allen. Campyloneura virgula (Herrick-Schaeffer) (Hemiptera: Miridae): Biology, tolerance to selected insecticides and potential as a predator of pear psylla, Psylla pyricola Föerster (Homoptera: Psyllidae). 1985.

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4

Paulson, Gregory Stephen. Evaluation of the possible role of predaceous ants in the management of pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster) (Homoptera:Psyllidae). 1990.

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Booth, Steven R. The potential of endemic natural enemies to suppress pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Förster, in the Hood River Valley, Oregon. 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pear psylla"

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Frank, J. Howard, J. Howard Frank, Michael C. Thomas, et al. "Pear Psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)." In Encyclopedia of Entomology. Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_2818.

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Civolani, Stefano. "The Past and Present of Pear Protection Against the Pear Psylla, Cacopsylla pyri L." In Insecticides - Pest Engineering. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/28460.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pear psylla"

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Le Goff, Guillaume. "Nutrition physiology of the pear psylla,Cacopsylla pyri." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.111371.

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