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Journal articles on the topic "Pearl millet – Seedlings – Evaluation"
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Suñé, A. S., D. B. Rodrigues, A. S. Almeida, C. A. Nunes, L. H. Konzen, E. Gewehr, G. A. Silveira, B. B. Reis, H. L. Chagas, and L. V. M. Tunes. "New Vigor Methodology in Pearl Millet Seeds." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 4 (March 15, 2019): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n4p205.
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The use of high quality seeds is of utmost importance and is intimately related to seed vigor. The objective of this study was to stablish a novel methodology for evaluating the vigor of pearl millet seeds. The experiment was performed at the Federal University of Pelotas, using 5 seed lots of pearl millet cv. BRS1501. The research was carried out in two stages: first, seed lots were characterized (physiological quality tests); second, the initial emergence and development of pearl millet seedlings was evaluated, testing four different substrates and five sowing depths in the emergence test. The experimental set up consisted of a completely randomized design with four replicates. Means were compared by the Scott-Knott test at the 5% probability level. The substrates sand and carbonized rice husk, at 1.0 cm depth, satisfactorily stratified seed lots. These methodologies correlated with the speed of emergency index and seedling emergency. Thus, the study identified an innovative method for testing vigor in pearl millet seeds.
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Ni, Xinzhi, Jeffrey P. Wilson, John A. Rajewski, G. David Buntin, and Ismail M. Dweikat. "Field Evaluation of Pearl Millet for Chinch Bug (Heteroptera: Blissidae) Resistance." Journal of Entomological Science 42, no. 4 (October 1, 2007): 467–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-42.4.467.
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The chinch bug, Blissus leucopterus leucopterus (Say) (Heteroptera: Blissidae), is the most important insect pest of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L. R. Br.) production in the southeastern and central United States. Chinch bug feeding causes stunting and leaf sheath necrosis of the young seedlings and loss of crop stand in severe infestations. Sixteen germplasm entries (including hybrids and inbreds) of pearl millet were screened for chinch bug resistance on 2 planting dates. ‘Dove’ proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) was interplanted in 2-row strips among experimental plots to attract adult chinch bugs and establish initial chinch bug infestations. Use of a proso millet trap crop strip was effective in establishing chinch bug infestations for screening of pearl millet for chinch bug resistance in the field. Weekly samplings were begun when plants were at the 5-leaf stage. Significant differences in adult and nymph numbers, stunting and necrosis ratings, percent tiller loss, crop stand loss, and chlorophyll content were recorded for the 16 pearl millet germplasm entries. Combining all injury evaluation parameters (i.e., stunting and necrosis ratings, percent tiller loss, and crop stand loss), we identified that ‘TifGrain 102’ had a moderate level of chinch bug resistances e data demonstrated that, millet would aeh resistance. Entries 637 (i.e., 59668A × NM-5B), 639 (59668M × 9Rm/4Rm), 648 (i.e., 02GH973 × Tift 454), and 653 (i.e., NM-5A1 × NM-7R1R5) were the most resistant; whereas, entries 640 (i.e., Tift 99B), 641 (i.e., Tift 454), and 644 (i.e., 02F 289-1) were the most susceptible to chinch bug feeding. The study showed the combination of nondestructive visual ratings (i.e., stunting and necrosis ratings, tiller loss, and stand loss) and chlorophyll content could be used for evaluating chinch bug resistance in pearl millet.
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Fraedrich, Stephen W., Michelle M. Cram, Zafar A. Handoo, and Stanley J. Zarnoch. "Influence of Tylenchorhynchus ewingi on growth of loblolly pine seedlings, and host suitability of legumes and small grains." Nematology 14, no. 4 (2012): 417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854111x603784.
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Tylenchorhynchus ewingi, a stunt nematode, causes severe injury to slash pine seedlings and has been recently associated with stunting and chlorosis of loblolly pine seedlings at some forest tree nurseries in southern USA. Experiments confirmed that loblolly pine is a host for T. ewingi, and that the nematode is capable of causing severe damage to root systems. Initial population densities as low as 60 nematodes (100 cm3 soil)−1 were sufficient to damage the root systems of loblolly pine seedlings. Populations of T. ewingi increased on pine from two- to 16-fold, depending on the initial population density. Evaluations of various cover crops used in southern forest tree nurseries indicated that legumes, rye and several varieties of sorghum were excellent hosts for T. ewingi. Other small grains such as ryegrass, oats and wheat were poorer hosts. A cultivar of pearl millet was a non-host for T. ewingi, and a cultivar of brown top millet appeared to be either a very poor host or a non-host. Nurseries that have seedling production losses caused by T. ewingi should consider rotating with non-host cover crops such as pearl millet or leaving fields fallow as part of their pest management programme.
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Ni, Xinzhi, Jeffrey P. Wilson, John A. Rajewski, G. David Buntin, and Ismail M. Dweikat. "Erratum: Field Evaluation of Pearl Millet for Chinch Bug (Heteroptera: Blissidae) Resistance." Journal of Entomological Science 43, no. 4 (October 1, 2008): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-43.4.453.
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The Abstract of an article appearing in Volume 42, Issue 4 (pages 467-480) inadvertently contained an extraneous phrase. The corrected Abstract is printed below in its entirety. The authors and editorial board apologize for this oversight. The chinch bug, Blissus leucopterus leucopterus (Say) (Heteroptera: Blissidae), is the most important insect pest of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L. R. Br.) production in the southeastern and central United States. Chinch bug feeding causes stunting and leaf sheath necrosis of the young seedlings and loss of crop stand in severe infestations. Sixteen germplasm entries (including hybrids and inbreds) of pearl millet were screened for chinch bug resistance on two planting dates. ‘Dove’ proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) was interplanted in two-row strips among experimental plots to attract adult chinch bugs and establish initial chinch bug infestations. Use of a proso millet trap crop strip was effective in establishing chinch bug infestations for screening of pearl millet for chinch bug resistance in the field. Weekly samplings were begun when plants were at the 5-leaf stage. Significant differences in adult and nymph numbers, stunting and necrosis ratings, percent tiller loss, crop stand loss, and chlorophyll content were recorded for the 16 pearl millet germplasm entries. Combining all injury evaluation parameters (i.e., stunting and necrosis ratings, percent tiller loss, and crop stand loss), we identified that ‘TifGrain 102’ had moderate level of chinch bug resistance. Entries 637 (i.e., 59668A × NM-5B), 639 (59668M × 9Rm/4Rm), 648 (i.e., 02GH973 × Tift 454), and 653 (i.e., NM-5A1 × NM-7R1R5) were the most resistant; whereas, entries 640 (i.e., Tift 99B), 641 (i.e., Tift 454), and 644 (i.e., 02F 289 - 1) were the most susceptible to chinch bug feeding. The study showed the combination of nondestructive visual ratings (i.e., stunting and necrosis ratings, tiller loss, and stand loss) and chlorophyll content could be used for evaluating chinch bug resistance in pearl millet.
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Javorski, Maicon, Danielle Otte Carrara Castan, Sibelle Santanna da Silva, Francisco Guilhien Gomes-Junior, and Silvio Moure Cicero. "Image analysis to evaluate the physiological potential and morphology of pearl millet seeds." Journal of Seed Science 40, no. 2 (June 2018): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v40n2176904.
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Abstract: The use of fast and precise procedures for seed analysis is an important factor for making decisions at different stages of seed production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of internal damage and associate morphological traits of pearl millet seeds with their physiological potential, and evaluate seed vigor using the Seed Vigor Imaging System (SVIS®) compared to other traditional vigor tests. Eight seed lots of the pearl millet cultivar ADR 300 were analyzed for germination, vigor (first count, accelerated aging, cold test, and SVIS®), internal morphology (X-ray), and morphological parameters (perimeter, area, and roundness). The X-ray test is effective in evaluating the internal morphology of pearl millet seeds, allowing identification of mechanical damage and of deteriorated and malformed tissues, making it possible to establish a relationship between the damage observed and the negative effect on germination. SVIS® analyses on two-day-old seedlings are a reliable method for assessing seed vigor of pearl millet. Parameters of perimeter and area of the seeds are related to their physiological potential.
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Yadav, Ashok Kumar, Rajesh Kumar Arya, and M. S. Narwal. "Screening of Pearl Millet F1Hybrids for Heat Tolerance at Early Seedling Stage." Advances in Agriculture 2014 (2014): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/231301.
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Ten pearl millet genotypes selected on the basis of response to supra-optimal temperature tolerance were crossed in a half-diallel mating system. The 45F1hybrids produced were tested along with parents for heat tolerance and related traits at seedling stage. Field screening and laboratory screening techniques were simultaneously used for the evaluation ofF1hybrids and their parents. Heat tolerance was measured as seedling thermotolerance index (STI) and seed to seedling thermotolerance index (SSTI) under field conditions, but membrane thermostability (MTS) in the laboratory. The hybrid H77/29-2×CVJ-2-5-3-1-3 showed highest STI value followed by H77/833-2×96AC-93. The genotype H77/833-2×96AC-93 had the highest worth for SSTI. These three indices were highly correlated among themselves. STI values were invariably high, whereas SSTI has lower values, as it also covers the effect of under soil mortality (USM). It was seen that the heat tolerance indices STI and SSTI were not showing any perceptible pooled correlation with developmental traits except germination and emergence rate. Based on our results, it could be suggested that membrane thermostability (MTS) may be used for screening large number of genotypes. Field based indices STI and SSTI may be used for evaluation of hybrids and varieties before they are released.
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Kumar, K. S., P. K. Gayathri, H. Khandelwal, and K. K. Prashanth. "Synthesis, characterization of blue fluorescent carbon nanoparticle and its in-vitro toxicity evaluation." Journal of Environmental Biology 41, no. 6 (November 15, 2020): 1442–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/41/6/mrn-1354.
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Aim: The present study aimed to synthesize and characterize carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) from a new precursor and to evaluate its effect on the viability of healthy seeds and cell lines. Methodology: The CNPs were synthesized by acid assisted carbonization of carbohydrate and its characteristics such as size, fluorescence property and purity of samples were evaluated for confirmation. Cytotoxic studies were performed in MCF 10a cell lines using 3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay whereas the phytotoxic assay was conducted by using scallions and Indian pearl millet. Results: Transmission electron microscope (TEM) results showed that nano-sized CNPs [10-40 nm] were synthesized and its characteristic peaks were observed in Ultraviolet (UV) and fluorescence spectrum. The Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analysis confirmed the presence of carbon and oxygen without any impurities. It was non-cytotoxic for healthy MCF 10a cell lines and did not affect the germination rate of Indian pearl millets at higher concentrations. In both toxicity studies, the viability of cells and plants was >95% even after exposure to a high concentration of CNPs. Interpretation: The non-cytotoxic and non-phytotoxic nature of CNPs implies that it does not affect the growth of plants, seedling germination and healthy cell lines. It can be considered as a compatible and safe material for MCF 10a cell lines and plants.
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Agarwal, Gaurav, Ronald D. Gitaitis, and Bhabesh Dutta. "Pan-Genome of Novel Pantoea stewartii subsp. indologenes Reveals Genes Involved in Onion Pathogenicity and Evidence of Lateral Gene Transfer." Microorganisms 9, no. 8 (August 18, 2021): 1761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081761.
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Pantoea stewartii subsp. indologenes (Psi) is a causative agent of leafspot on foxtail millet and pearl millet; however, novel strains were recently identified that are pathogenic on onions. Our recent host range evaluation study identified two pathovars; P. stewartii subsp. indologenes pv. cepacicola pv. nov. and P. stewartii subsp. indologenes pv. setariae pv. nov. that are pathogenic on onions and millets or on millets only, respectively. In the current study, we developed a pan-genome using the whole genome sequencing of newly identified/classified Psi strains from both pathovars [pv. cepacicola (n = 4) and pv. setariae (n = 13)]. The full spectrum of the pan-genome contained 7030 genes. Among these, 3546 (present in genomes of all 17 strains) were the core genes that were a subset of 3682 soft-core genes (present in ≥16 strains). The accessory genome included 1308 shell genes and 2040 cloud genes (present in ≤2 strains). The pan-genome showed a clear linear progression with >6000 genes, suggesting that the pan-genome of Psi is open. Comparative phylogenetic analysis showed differences in phylogenetic clustering of Pantoea spp. using PAVs/wgMLST approach in comparison with core genome SNPs-based phylogeny. Further, we conducted a horizontal gene transfer (HGT) study using Psi strains from both pathovars along with strains from other Pantoea species, namely, P. stewartii subsp. stewartii LMG 2715T, P. ananatis LMG 2665T, P. agglomerans LMG L15, and P. allii LMG 24248T. A total of 317 HGT events among four Pantoea species were identified with most gene transfer events occurring between Psi pv. cepacicola and Psi pv. setariae. Pan-GWAS analysis predicted a total of 154 genes, including seven gene-clusters, which were associated with the pathogenicity phenotype (necrosis on seedling) on onions. One of the gene-clusters contained 11 genes with known functions and was found to be chromosomally located.
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Raj, S. Niranjan, B. R. Sarosh, and H. S. Shetty. "Induction and accumulation of polyphenol oxidase activities as implicated in development of resistance against pearl millet downy mildew disease." Functional Plant Biology 33, no. 6 (2006): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp06003.
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Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity was analysed in seedlings of resistant and susceptible pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br] cultivars with or without inoculation of the downy mildew pathogen Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Schroet. Seedlings of resistant varieties had greater PPO activity than susceptible seedlings, and inoculated seedlings had significantly higher PPO levels than uninoculated seedlings. Temporal accumulation of PPO showed a maximum activity at 24 h post-inoculation in resistant seedlings, whereas in susceptible seedlings it peaked at 48 h. PPO activity was positively correlated with levels of downy mildew resistance in different pearl millet cultivars under field conditions. Native PAGE staining showed four isoforms of PPO, which were differentially induced in relation to the time of appearance and intensities in the uninoculated seedlings, whereas a fifth PPO isoform appeared after inoculation with S. graminicola. PPO activity was significantly higher in the shoot and leaves of pearl millet than in the root. Tissue printing analysis of the enzyme expression showed that the enzyme is predominantly expressed after pathogen inoculation and is localised in the epidermal and vascular regions. Temporal analysis of transcript accumulation showed that in resistant seedlings PPO mRNAs was expressed earlier and more abundantly than in susceptible seedlings. Our studies demonstrate, for the first time, that PPO is actively involved in plant defence and can be used as a marker of resistance to downy mildew infection in pearl millet.
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Wilson, J. P., and W. Williamson. "Natural Infection of Eggplant by Puccinia substriata var. indica in the United States." Plant Disease 81, no. 9 (September 1997): 1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.9.1093b.
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Eggplant (Solanum melongena) and other Solanum spp. are aecial hosts for Puccinia substriata var. indica, the rust pathogen of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) (2). Although long suspected to be important in epidemic initiation (1), natural infection of eggplant has never been documented in the United States. All previous observations have been the result of deliberate inoculations. Eggplant (cv. Santana) seedlings with sporulating aecia were identified in the inventory of a vegetable transplant producer near Ty Ty, GA, on 22 April 1997. Flats of seedlings were being grown in a greenhouse with adjustable sides for creating an open-air environment for temperature control. Disease incidence was approximately 1.5% in the lot of 10,000 seedlings. Lesions were found most frequently on the first true leaf or less frequently on cotyledons. Aeciospores from 15 arbitrarily selected leaves were used to inoculate pearl millet seedlings in the greenhouse. Each leaf was used to inoculate pearl millet cultivars with no known resistance, and with the Rr1 resistance gene. Infection was obtained on all cultivars with no resistance genes, verifying pathogen identification. Fourteen isolates infected pearl millet with Rr1, revealing that virulence to Rr1 was common in this sample. The nearest point source of exposed pearl millet debris that could serve as a source of basidiospores was located approximately 9.7 km away from the eggplant. References: (1) H. D. Wells. Plant Dis. Rep. 62:469, 1978. (2) J. P. Wilson et al. Plant Dis. 80:806, 1996.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pearl millet – Seedlings – Evaluation"
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Hassanat, Fadi. "Evaluation of pearl millet forage." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18698.
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This research evaluated millet as forage source for ruminants. Four studies were conducted using two cultivars of forage millet [i.e. brown midrib (BM) and regular (RM)]. The first investigated the effect of seeding rate on yield, chemical composition and in vitro degradability of the two forage millet cultivars. Yield of RM was 56% more than BM due to taller plants and more tillers m-2. A 25% increase in yield as seeding rate increased from 5 to 10 or from 10 to 15 kg ha-1 was observed for two millet cultivars. Brown midrib millet contained 15% more CP, and 4, 13 and 31% less NDF, ADF and ADL than RM cultivar. In vitro DM digestibility was 10% higher in BM due to differences in chemical composition. The second study determined the effect of stage of development at harvest [i.e. vegetative (VS) and heading stage (HS)] on the two millet cultivars yield and cell wall composition in leaves and stems. Yield of BM was lower than that of RM at both stages of development. Concentrations of NDF, ADF and ADL were reduced in BM stems by 8, 16, and 58%, respectively, compared to RM stems. Leaves ADF and ADL concentrations were 6 and 49% less in BM than RM. Increase in fibre fractions with advancing stage of development was most pronounced in RM stems. Brown midrib trait affected cell wall structure of BM leaves and stems by increasing arabinose and xylose proportion as well as concentrations of ester- linked p-coumaric acid and ether-linked ferulic acids. Cell wall content of arabinose, xylose and glucose in leaves and stems, and phenolics in stems was higher at VS than at HS. This effect was more pronounced for stems of RM than BM. In situ DM and NDF disappearances were higher in leaves and stems of BM than RM and were higher in leaves and stems of millet harvested at VS than at HS. Lignin concentration had negative linear impact on in situ DM and NDF degradability. Ensilability of forage millet as affected by cultivar and stage of development at harvest was investigatedCette recherche constitue a évalue millet comme une source de fourrage pour les ruminants. Quatre études ont été effectuées en utilisant deux variétés de millet [par exemple midrib brun (BM) et régulier (RM)]. La première étude constituait une évaluation de l'effet de la vitesse de semer les graines de millet sur le rendement, la composition chimique et la degradabilité in vitro des deux variétés de millet. Le rendement de RM était 56% plus haut en comparaison de BM en raison des plus grandes plantes et plus de feuillage par m-2. Le midrib brun de millet contenait 15% plus de CP, et 4, 13 et 31% moins de NDF, ADF et ADL que la variété RM. La digestibilité in vitro de DM était 10% plus haut chez BM en raison de ces différences. La deuxième étude avait pour objectif de déterminer l'effet du niveau de développement à la moisson [par exemple végétal (VS) et niveau d'en-tête (HS)] sur le rendement des deux variétés de millet et la composition de membrane cellulaire dans les feuilles et les tiges. Le rendement de BM était plus bas en comparaison de RM aux deux niveaux de développement. Les concentrations de NDF, ADF et ADL ont été réduits dans les tiges de BM par 8, 16, et 58%, respectivement, en comparaison des tiges de RM. Les concentrations de ADF et ADL dans les feuilles étaient 6 et 49% moins dans BM que RM. Les contenus des différentes fibres ont augmenté avec le niveau de développement, mais l'augmentation été plus prononcée dans les tiges de RM. Le millet brun a eu un effet sur les membranes cellulaires des feuilles et tiges de BM en augmentant la concentration d'arabinose et xylose ainsi que les concentrations d'ester- acides de p-coumaric et d'ester- acides de ferulic. Les contenus d'arabinose, xylose et le glucose dans les membranes cellulaires chez les feuilles et les tiges, et de phenolics dans les tiges était plus haut à VS qu'à HS. Cet effet été plus prononcé pour les tiges de RM que BM. In situ DM et NDF
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Ratau, Mmaphuti Abashone. "Chemometrics, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of pearl millet beverage produced with bioburden lactic acid bacteria pure cultures." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2773.
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Thesis (MTech (Food Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of non-alcoholic pearl millet beverage produced using isolated and purified cultures of bioburden lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Traditional non-alcoholic pearl millet beverage (TNAPMB) was produced through spontaneous fermentation. The slurry was fermented for 36 h at 37°C while monitoring the microbial growth at 3 h interval. LAB were grown on deMan, Rogosa and Sharpe agar and identified using Vitek 2 system. The initial numbers of LAB were 7.04 log cfu/ml and increased to 8.00 log cfu/ml after 21 h. The beverage was dominated by LAB and contaminants and their survival was in succession. LAB from the genera Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Streptococcus and Enterococcus were the main fermenting species in TNAPMB. Pearl millet extract (PME) was produced by hydrating pearl millet flour (PMF) with water (1:10, PMF:Water). To the mixture sprouted rice flour (10%), ground ginger (10%) and pectin (0.6%) were added. Stable PME was used in the production of plain non-alcoholic pearl millet beverage (PNAPMB). PME was pasteurized at 98°C for 30 min, hot filled and cooled to 25°C. The fluid was inoculated with Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Enterococcus gallinarum each at 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1%, respectively, using factorial design and fermented for 18 h at 37°C. The pH of the beverage ranged between pH 3.32 and pH 3.90. L. mesenteroides, P. pentosaceus, E. gallinarum, the interaction between L. mesenteroides and P. pentosaceus and the interaction between L. mesentoroides and E. gallinarum had a significant effect (p ˂ 0.05) on the pH of PNAPMB except the interaction between P. pentosaceus and E. gallinarum (p = 0.631). The total titratable acidity (TTA) of the beverage ranged from 0.50 to 0.72%. All cultures had a significant influence (p ˂ 0.05) on the TTA of the beverage with the exception of the interaction between L. mesenteroides and E. gallinarum (p = 0.102). However, Monte Carlo simulation showed that E. gallinarum caused an increase in the pH and a decrease in the TTA of the beverage. During fermentation, the pH of the beverage is desired to decrease while the TTA increases, hence E. gallinarum was removed. The interaction between L. mesenteroides and P. pentosaceus at 0.05% and 0.025%, respectively produced an acceptable PNAPMB with potential for commercialization. Furthermore, moringa supplemented non-alcoholic pearl millet beverage (MSNAPMB) was produced by adding 4% of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf powder extract during the production of PNAPMB. The physicochemical, nutritional, microbial (LAB) and sensory characteristics of the PNAPMB, MSNAPMB and TNAPMB were determined. LAB were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by the fermentation period and increased from 3.32 to 7.97 log cfu/ml and 3.58 to 8.38 log cfu/ml in PNAPMB and SNAPMB, respectively. The pH of PNAPMB decreased from pH 5.05 to pH 4.14 while the pH of MSNAPMB decreased from pH 5.05 to pH 3.65 during the 18 h fermentation. The growth of LAB during fermentation had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the pH of the beverages. The TTA increased from 0.14 to 0.22% and increased from 0.17 to 0.38%, in PNAPMB and MSNAPMB, respectively. The TTA of the beverage was affected significantly (p < 0.05) by the 18 h of fermentation. The protein content was 1.62, 2.17 and 1.50% in PNAPMB, MSNAPMB and TNAPMB, respectively. PNAPMB sample was deemed acceptable in comparison to the MSNAPMB. The total colour difference (ΔE) was 5.91 and 10.60 in PNAPMB and MSNAPMB, respectively in comparison to the TNAPMB. Volatile compounds with beneficial effect such as anti-inflammatory and anti-pathogenic properties were identified in the beverages. Principal component analysis indicated that the variations in characteristics of PNAPMB and MSNAPMB could be explained using total fat, saturated fat, total sugar, ash, moisture, proteins, chroma (C), hue and b*. The results showed that isolated pure cultures could be used as starter cultures in the production of non-alcoholic cereal beverages at a commercial level with predictable quality and safety properties.
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Tine, Fatou. "Evaluation of Drought Tolerance and Forage Characteristics of Millet Cultivars." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81306.
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Millets are C4 annual grasses that are mainly used for food and feed. This thesis describes two studies that evaluated drought tolerance of pearl millet cultivars (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br) grown for grain. A third study is also included in the thesis that evaluated foxtail millet (Setaria italica [L] Beauv) and pearl millet grown as cover crops and forage during a pasture renovation. The main focus of the thesis involved evaluation of Senegalese pearl millet cultivars for drought tolerance. Drought is one of the most important threats to pearl millet production in Senegal as it limits yield in most parts of the country. Although water stress on pearl millet is common during the growing season, a little is known about how terminal drought affects yield in Senegalese pearl millet cultivars. To address this issue, two field experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015. The first field study evaluated 20 pearl millet cultivars under water stress and categorized based on their yield response. Whereas the second year field trial used four cultivars from the first field trial in a more detailed study to give recommendations for farmers in Senegal. The experiments were complete randomized block designs. Pearl millet cultivars were grown under irrigation until flowering then the stress treatment was applied by stopping the irrigation in half of the plots. Eleven cultivars showed a statistical indifference to water stress and considered the most drought tolerant. Four cultivars were selected from the 11 for the second year experiment. Of these, cultivar 4 (ICMV IS 89305) and 10 (SOSAT c 88) exhibited higher tolerance to terminal water stress based on evaluation of yield components and drought stress indices. These cultivars could be a good target for further breeding and selection in Senegal. Although the cultivars were more drought tolerant, both had relatively low total biomass. When used in a larger scale, these cultivars could potentially benefit farmers in Senegal and enhance food security.
The second part of this thesis addressed use of a forage type millets – specifically foxtail and pearl millet. In the US, these millets are primarily serve as a summer cover crops that can be used for forage. The objective of this experiment was to compare yield and forage quality of foxtail and pearl millet cover crops and their effect on subsequent pasture establishment. A field experiment was conducted in Virginia in 2014 to address this objective. Pearl millet and foxtail millet were randomly planted in 12 plots each and harvested in late summer. Plots were then converted to tall fescue (Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub) pasture. Foxtail millet had a significantly higher soil cover than pearl millet but the two species did not differ in terms of total biomass, forage quality, or their effect on tall fescue pasture establishment.Master of Science
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Mohamed, Ahmed Mahmoud. "Emergence, seedling vigor, and stand establishment of pearl millet as affected by mesocotyl elongation and other seed and seedling traits." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/27505.
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Selvi, Tamil M. "Influence of cell position on photomorphogenic response in leaves of Pearl Millet seedlings." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/752.
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Schoeman, Irene. "Evaluation of two viral vectors for virus-induced gene silencing in pearl millet." Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31294.
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Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum L. Br.] is an agriculturally important cereal farmed in the
marginal semi-arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa and India. The crop shows remarkable
tolerance to both biotic and abiotic stress and several genetic components involved in these
traits have already been identified. To date little progress has been made towards the
development of a molecular technique to functionally characterise such candidate genes in
pearl millet. One such potential method is virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), a nucleotide
sequence homology dependent technique used to down-regulate expression of selected genes
using a recombinant viral vector. VIGS has been applied with great success in
dicotyledonous and more recently monocotyledonous plant species. The objective of this
study was to evaluate two viruses, barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) and brome mosaic
virus (BMV), as VIGS vectors for pearl millet. Our hypothesis was that these viruses, which
have successfully been used to conduct VIGS in other monocotyledonous species, could
potentially be transferred to perform gene silencing in pearl millet. The viral vectors were
modified to target a phenotypic marker gene, Phytoene desaturase (Pds), in pearl millet.
Triticum aestivum (wheat), a known host for BSMV and Hordeum vulgare (barley), a known
host for BMV and BSMV, were used as positive controls of viral infection. No visual Pds
silencing symptoms were observed in the two pearl millet breeding lines, ICML12 and
ICMB96222. Phenotypic symptoms associated with Pds silencing were observed in wheat
seedlings infected with the Pds silencing BSMV construct. No significant distinction could
be made between viral symptoms and potential Pds silencing in barley indicating that the
pearl millet Pds insert in the BMV construct was insufficient to induce visual Pds silencing in
barley. The presence of the viruses in systemic pearl millet leaves was evaluated using
reverse transcription PCR targeted to all three genomic subunits of the respective viruses.
Virus-specific products could be amplified from the barley and wheat accessions used as
positive controls but it was found that neither of the viruses was present in pearl millet. This
indicated that the VIGS vectors; BSMV and BMV were not amenable to conduct gene
silencing in pearl millet under the conditions tested in this study. Although this study did not
identify a VIGS vector, it does present some advances made towards the identification of a
gene silencing system in pearl millet.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Plant Science
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Reddy, Vijaya P. "The identification of the precursor of off odor causing compounds, produced during storage of ground pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L) Leeke)." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/27539.
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Chanika, Chimings Sambamo Makamula. "Field evaluation of effects of seed size and density on establishment and grain yield in pearl millet." 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/22231.
Full textBooks on the topic "Pearl millet – Seedlings – Evaluation"
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Purohit, S. D. An evaluation study of bajra minikit programme: A case study of Jaipur District in Rajasthan. Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat: Agro-Economic Research Centre, Sardar Patel University, 1989.
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Gupta, A. P., R. P. Narwa, and R. S. Antil. "Effect of Farm Yard Manure and Fertilizer Nitrogen in Pearl millet-Wheat cropping Sequence." In Evaluation of Soil Organic Matter Models, 345–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61094-3_31.
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