Journal articles: 'Pearl millet – Seedlings – Evaluation'

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Suñé, A. S., D. B. Rodrigues, A. S. Almeida, C. A. Nunes, L. H. Konzen, E. Gewehr, G. A. Silveira, B. B. Reis, H. L. Chagas, and L. V. M. Tunes. "New Vigor Methodology in Pearl Millet Seeds." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 4 (March 15, 2019): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n4p205.

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The use of high quality seeds is of utmost importance and is intimately related to seed vigor. The objective of this study was to stablish a novel methodology for evaluating the vigor of pearl millet seeds. The experiment was performed at the Federal University of Pelotas, using 5 seed lots of pearl millet cv. BRS1501. The research was carried out in two stages: first, seed lots were characterized (physiological quality tests); second, the initial emergence and development of pearl millet seedlings was evaluated, testing four different substrates and five sowing depths in the emergence test. The experimental set up consisted of a completely randomized design with four replicates. Means were compared by the Scott-Knott test at the 5% probability level. The substrates sand and carbonized rice husk, at 1.0 cm depth, satisfactorily stratified seed lots. These methodologies correlated with the speed of emergency index and seedling emergency. Thus, the study identified an innovative method for testing vigor in pearl millet seeds.

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Ni, Xinzhi, Jeffrey P. Wilson, John A. Rajewski, G. David Buntin, and Ismail M. Dweikat. "Field Evaluation of Pearl Millet for Chinch Bug (Heteroptera: Blissidae) Resistance." Journal of Entomological Science 42, no. 4 (October 1, 2007): 467–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-42.4.467.

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The chinch bug, Blissus leucopterus leucopterus (Say) (Heteroptera: Blissidae), is the most important insect pest of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L. R. Br.) production in the southeastern and central United States. Chinch bug feeding causes stunting and leaf sheath necrosis of the young seedlings and loss of crop stand in severe infestations. Sixteen germplasm entries (including hybrids and inbreds) of pearl millet were screened for chinch bug resistance on 2 planting dates. ‘Dove’ proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) was interplanted in 2-row strips among experimental plots to attract adult chinch bugs and establish initial chinch bug infestations. Use of a proso millet trap crop strip was effective in establishing chinch bug infestations for screening of pearl millet for chinch bug resistance in the field. Weekly samplings were begun when plants were at the 5-leaf stage. Significant differences in adult and nymph numbers, stunting and necrosis ratings, percent tiller loss, crop stand loss, and chlorophyll content were recorded for the 16 pearl millet germplasm entries. Combining all injury evaluation parameters (i.e., stunting and necrosis ratings, percent tiller loss, and crop stand loss), we identified that ‘TifGrain 102’ had a moderate level of chinch bug resistances e data demonstrated that, millet would aeh resistance. Entries 637 (i.e., 59668A × NM-5B), 639 (59668M × 9Rm/4Rm), 648 (i.e., 02GH973 × Tift 454), and 653 (i.e., NM-5A1 × NM-7R1R5) were the most resistant; whereas, entries 640 (i.e., Tift 99B), 641 (i.e., Tift 454), and 644 (i.e., 02F 289-1) were the most susceptible to chinch bug feeding. The study showed the combination of nondestructive visual ratings (i.e., stunting and necrosis ratings, tiller loss, and stand loss) and chlorophyll content could be used for evaluating chinch bug resistance in pearl millet.

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Fraedrich, Stephen W., Michelle M. Cram, Zafar A. Handoo, and Stanley J. Zarnoch. "Influence of Tylenchorhynchus ewingi on growth of loblolly pine seedlings, and host suitability of legumes and small grains." Nematology 14, no. 4 (2012): 417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854111x603784.

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Tylenchorhynchus ewingi, a stunt nematode, causes severe injury to slash pine seedlings and has been recently associated with stunting and chlorosis of loblolly pine seedlings at some forest tree nurseries in southern USA. Experiments confirmed that loblolly pine is a host for T. ewingi, and that the nematode is capable of causing severe damage to root systems. Initial population densities as low as 60 nematodes (100 cm3 soil)−1 were sufficient to damage the root systems of loblolly pine seedlings. Populations of T. ewingi increased on pine from two- to 16-fold, depending on the initial population density. Evaluations of various cover crops used in southern forest tree nurseries indicated that legumes, rye and several varieties of sorghum were excellent hosts for T. ewingi. Other small grains such as ryegrass, oats and wheat were poorer hosts. A cultivar of pearl millet was a non-host for T. ewingi, and a cultivar of brown top millet appeared to be either a very poor host or a non-host. Nurseries that have seedling production losses caused by T. ewingi should consider rotating with non-host cover crops such as pearl millet or leaving fields fallow as part of their pest management programme.

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Ni, Xinzhi, Jeffrey P. Wilson, John A. Rajewski, G. David Buntin, and Ismail M. Dweikat. "Erratum: Field Evaluation of Pearl Millet for Chinch Bug (Heteroptera: Blissidae) Resistance." Journal of Entomological Science 43, no. 4 (October 1, 2008): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-43.4.453.

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The Abstract of an article appearing in Volume 42, Issue 4 (pages 467-480) inadvertently contained an extraneous phrase. The corrected Abstract is printed below in its entirety. The authors and editorial board apologize for this oversight. The chinch bug, Blissus leucopterus leucopterus (Say) (Heteroptera: Blissidae), is the most important insect pest of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L. R. Br.) production in the southeastern and central United States. Chinch bug feeding causes stunting and leaf sheath necrosis of the young seedlings and loss of crop stand in severe infestations. Sixteen germplasm entries (including hybrids and inbreds) of pearl millet were screened for chinch bug resistance on two planting dates. ‘Dove’ proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) was interplanted in two-row strips among experimental plots to attract adult chinch bugs and establish initial chinch bug infestations. Use of a proso millet trap crop strip was effective in establishing chinch bug infestations for screening of pearl millet for chinch bug resistance in the field. Weekly samplings were begun when plants were at the 5-leaf stage. Significant differences in adult and nymph numbers, stunting and necrosis ratings, percent tiller loss, crop stand loss, and chlorophyll content were recorded for the 16 pearl millet germplasm entries. Combining all injury evaluation parameters (i.e., stunting and necrosis ratings, percent tiller loss, and crop stand loss), we identified that ‘TifGrain 102’ had moderate level of chinch bug resistance. Entries 637 (i.e., 59668A × NM-5B), 639 (59668M × 9Rm/4Rm), 648 (i.e., 02GH973 × Tift 454), and 653 (i.e., NM-5A1 × NM-7R1R5) were the most resistant; whereas, entries 640 (i.e., Tift 99B), 641 (i.e., Tift 454), and 644 (i.e., 02F 289 - 1) were the most susceptible to chinch bug feeding. The study showed the combination of nondestructive visual ratings (i.e., stunting and necrosis ratings, tiller loss, and stand loss) and chlorophyll content could be used for evaluating chinch bug resistance in pearl millet.

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Javorski, Maicon, Danielle Otte Carrara Castan, Sibelle Santanna da Silva, Francisco Guilhien Gomes-Junior, and Silvio Moure Cicero. "Image analysis to evaluate the physiological potential and morphology of pearl millet seeds." Journal of Seed Science 40, no. 2 (June 2018): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v40n2176904.

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Abstract: The use of fast and precise procedures for seed analysis is an important factor for making decisions at different stages of seed production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of internal damage and associate morphological traits of pearl millet seeds with their physiological potential, and evaluate seed vigor using the Seed Vigor Imaging System (SVIS®) compared to other traditional vigor tests. Eight seed lots of the pearl millet cultivar ADR 300 were analyzed for germination, vigor (first count, accelerated aging, cold test, and SVIS®), internal morphology (X-ray), and morphological parameters (perimeter, area, and roundness). The X-ray test is effective in evaluating the internal morphology of pearl millet seeds, allowing identification of mechanical damage and of deteriorated and malformed tissues, making it possible to establish a relationship between the damage observed and the negative effect on germination. SVIS® analyses on two-day-old seedlings are a reliable method for assessing seed vigor of pearl millet. Parameters of perimeter and area of the seeds are related to their physiological potential.

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Yadav, Ashok Kumar, Rajesh Kumar Arya, and M. S. Narwal. "Screening of Pearl Millet F1Hybrids for Heat Tolerance at Early Seedling Stage." Advances in Agriculture 2014 (2014): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/231301.

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Ten pearl millet genotypes selected on the basis of response to supra-optimal temperature tolerance were crossed in a half-diallel mating system. The 45F1hybrids produced were tested along with parents for heat tolerance and related traits at seedling stage. Field screening and laboratory screening techniques were simultaneously used for the evaluation ofF1hybrids and their parents. Heat tolerance was measured as seedling thermotolerance index (STI) and seed to seedling thermotolerance index (SSTI) under field conditions, but membrane thermostability (MTS) in the laboratory. The hybrid H77/29-2×CVJ-2-5-3-1-3 showed highest STI value followed by H77/833-2×96AC-93. The genotype H77/833-2×96AC-93 had the highest worth for SSTI. These three indices were highly correlated among themselves. STI values were invariably high, whereas SSTI has lower values, as it also covers the effect of under soil mortality (USM). It was seen that the heat tolerance indices STI and SSTI were not showing any perceptible pooled correlation with developmental traits except germination and emergence rate. Based on our results, it could be suggested that membrane thermostability (MTS) may be used for screening large number of genotypes. Field based indices STI and SSTI may be used for evaluation of hybrids and varieties before they are released.

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Kumar, K. S., P. K. Gayathri, H. Khandelwal, and K. K. Prashanth. "Synthesis, characterization of blue fluorescent carbon nanoparticle and its in-vitro toxicity evaluation." Journal of Environmental Biology 41, no. 6 (November 15, 2020): 1442–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/41/6/mrn-1354.

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Aim: The present study aimed to synthesize and characterize carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) from a new precursor and to evaluate its effect on the viability of healthy seeds and cell lines. Methodology: The CNPs were synthesized by acid assisted carbonization of carbohydrate and its characteristics such as size, fluorescence property and purity of samples were evaluated for confirmation. Cytotoxic studies were performed in MCF 10a cell lines using 3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay whereas the phytotoxic assay was conducted by using scallions and Indian pearl millet. Results: Transmission electron microscope (TEM) results showed that nano-sized CNPs [10-40 nm] were synthesized and its characteristic peaks were observed in Ultraviolet (UV) and fluorescence spectrum. The Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analysis confirmed the presence of carbon and oxygen without any impurities. It was non-cytotoxic for healthy MCF 10a cell lines and did not affect the germination rate of Indian pearl millets at higher concentrations. In both toxicity studies, the viability of cells and plants was >95% even after exposure to a high concentration of CNPs. Interpretation: The non-cytotoxic and non-phytotoxic nature of CNPs implies that it does not affect the growth of plants, seedling germination and healthy cell lines. It can be considered as a compatible and safe material for MCF 10a cell lines and plants.

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Agarwal, Gaurav, Ronald D. Gitaitis, and Bhabesh Dutta. "Pan-Genome of Novel Pantoea stewartii subsp. indologenes Reveals Genes Involved in Onion Pathogenicity and Evidence of Lateral Gene Transfer." Microorganisms 9, no. 8 (August 18, 2021): 1761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081761.

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Pantoea stewartii subsp. indologenes (Psi) is a causative agent of leafspot on foxtail millet and pearl millet; however, novel strains were recently identified that are pathogenic on onions. Our recent host range evaluation study identified two pathovars; P. stewartii subsp. indologenes pv. cepacicola pv. nov. and P. stewartii subsp. indologenes pv. setariae pv. nov. that are pathogenic on onions and millets or on millets only, respectively. In the current study, we developed a pan-genome using the whole genome sequencing of newly identified/classified Psi strains from both pathovars [pv. cepacicola (n = 4) and pv. setariae (n = 13)]. The full spectrum of the pan-genome contained 7030 genes. Among these, 3546 (present in genomes of all 17 strains) were the core genes that were a subset of 3682 soft-core genes (present in ≥16 strains). The accessory genome included 1308 shell genes and 2040 cloud genes (present in ≤2 strains). The pan-genome showed a clear linear progression with >6000 genes, suggesting that the pan-genome of Psi is open. Comparative phylogenetic analysis showed differences in phylogenetic clustering of Pantoea spp. using PAVs/wgMLST approach in comparison with core genome SNPs-based phylogeny. Further, we conducted a horizontal gene transfer (HGT) study using Psi strains from both pathovars along with strains from other Pantoea species, namely, P. stewartii subsp. stewartii LMG 2715T, P. ananatis LMG 2665T, P. agglomerans LMG L15, and P. allii LMG 24248T. A total of 317 HGT events among four Pantoea species were identified with most gene transfer events occurring between Psi pv. cepacicola and Psi pv. setariae. Pan-GWAS analysis predicted a total of 154 genes, including seven gene-clusters, which were associated with the pathogenicity phenotype (necrosis on seedling) on onions. One of the gene-clusters contained 11 genes with known functions and was found to be chromosomally located.

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Raj, S. Niranjan, B. R. Sarosh, and H. S. Shetty. "Induction and accumulation of polyphenol oxidase activities as implicated in development of resistance against pearl millet downy mildew disease." Functional Plant Biology 33, no. 6 (2006): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp06003.

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Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity was analysed in seedlings of resistant and susceptible pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br] cultivars with or without inoculation of the downy mildew pathogen Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Schroet. Seedlings of resistant varieties had greater PPO activity than susceptible seedlings, and inoculated seedlings had significantly higher PPO levels than uninoculated seedlings. Temporal accumulation of PPO showed a maximum activity at 24 h post-inoculation in resistant seedlings, whereas in susceptible seedlings it peaked at 48 h. PPO activity was positively correlated with levels of downy mildew resistance in different pearl millet cultivars under field conditions. Native PAGE staining showed four isoforms of PPO, which were differentially induced in relation to the time of appearance and intensities in the uninoculated seedlings, whereas a fifth PPO isoform appeared after inoculation with S. graminicola. PPO activity was significantly higher in the shoot and leaves of pearl millet than in the root. Tissue printing analysis of the enzyme expression showed that the enzyme is predominantly expressed after pathogen inoculation and is localised in the epidermal and vascular regions. Temporal analysis of transcript accumulation showed that in resistant seedlings PPO mRNAs was expressed earlier and more abundantly than in susceptible seedlings. Our studies demonstrate, for the first time, that PPO is actively involved in plant defence and can be used as a marker of resistance to downy mildew infection in pearl millet.

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Wilson, J. P., and W. Williamson. "Natural Infection of Eggplant by Puccinia substriata var. indica in the United States." Plant Disease 81, no. 9 (September 1997): 1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.9.1093b.

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Eggplant (Solanum melongena) and other Solanum spp. are aecial hosts for Puccinia substriata var. indica, the rust pathogen of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) (2). Although long suspected to be important in epidemic initiation (1), natural infection of eggplant has never been documented in the United States. All previous observations have been the result of deliberate inoculations. Eggplant (cv. Santana) seedlings with sporulating aecia were identified in the inventory of a vegetable transplant producer near Ty Ty, GA, on 22 April 1997. Flats of seedlings were being grown in a greenhouse with adjustable sides for creating an open-air environment for temperature control. Disease incidence was approximately 1.5% in the lot of 10,000 seedlings. Lesions were found most frequently on the first true leaf or less frequently on cotyledons. Aeciospores from 15 arbitrarily selected leaves were used to inoculate pearl millet seedlings in the greenhouse. Each leaf was used to inoculate pearl millet cultivars with no known resistance, and with the Rr1 resistance gene. Infection was obtained on all cultivars with no resistance genes, verifying pathogen identification. Fourteen isolates infected pearl millet with Rr1, revealing that virulence to Rr1 was common in this sample. The nearest point source of exposed pearl millet debris that could serve as a source of basidiospores was located approximately 9.7 km away from the eggplant. References: (1) H. D. Wells. Plant Dis. Rep. 62:469, 1978. (2) J. P. Wilson et al. Plant Dis. 80:806, 1996.

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Geetha, N. P., K. N. Amruthesh, R. G. Sharathchandra, and H. S. Shetty. "Resistance to downy mildew in pearl millet is associated with increased phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity." Functional Plant Biology 32, no. 3 (2005): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp04068.

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Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity was studied in pearl millet cultivars with different levels of resistance to the downy mildew disease caused by Sclerospora graminicola, an important oomycete pathogen. PAL activity was elevated in resistant host cultivar and decreased in susceptible cultivars following downy mildew pathogen infection. The enzyme activation varied between cultivars and was correlated with the degree of resistance to downy mildew disease. The induction of PAL as a response to pathogen inoculation was further corroborated by a time-course study in seedlings and cultured cells of pearl millet. The level of PAL activity was highest at 1.5 h in cultured cells and 4 h in seedlings of resistant host cultivar after inoculation with Sclerospora graminicola. Further studies on PAL activity in different tissues of seedlings showed highest enzyme activity in the young growing region of the root of the resistant host cultivars. The accumulation of wall-bound phenolics and lignin was higher in the resistant cultivar seedlings as evidenced by phloroglucinol–HCl staining and p-coumaric acid assay. The temporal changes in lignin concentration and the concentration of soluble phenolics were greater in root tissues of resistant cultivars than in those of susceptible cultivars. Treatment of resistant seedlings with a PAL inhibitor, α-aminooxy-β-phenylpropionic acid, resulted in the enhancement of the enzyme activity, whereas in the presence of 1 mm trans-cinnamic acid the pathogen-induced PAL was completely inhibited. Treatment of pearl millet seedlings with exogenously applied PAL inhibitors induced downy mildew disease susceptibility in the resistant pearl millet cultivar, consistent with direct involvement of PAL in downy mildew resistance. Results are discussed with respect to the presumed importance of host phenolic compounds and lignin accumulation and its relation to PAL activation as a response to the pathogen infection.

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Nagarathna, K. C., Sudheer A. Shetty, H. S. Prakash, S. G. Bhat, and H. Shekara Shetty. "Lipoxygenase activity in fresh, stored, and germinating pearl millet seeds resistant and susceptible to downy mildew disease." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 10 (October 1, 1992): 2028–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-252.

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Lipoxygenase activity was studied in fresh, stored, and germinating pearl millet seeds of downy mildew resistant and susceptible genotypes. In both fresh and stored seeds, the enzyme activity was greater in resistant genotypes compared with that of the susceptible ones. In seeds stored for a period of 6 months, a significant reduction in the lipoxygenase activity was recorded, the reduction being greater in resistant seeds. Lipoxygenase activity decreased significantly in germinating seedlings of resistant genotypes, whereas it increased significantly in the susceptible seedlings. The high vigour in the resistant seeds of downy mildew resistant genotypes is attributed to their high enzyme activity. Key words: lipoxygenase, pearl millet, downy mildew, resistant, susceptible.

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Thakur, R. P., B. Pushpavathi, and V. P. Rao. "Virulence Characterization of Single-Zoospore Isolates of Sclerospora graminicola from Pearl Millet." Plant Disease 82, no. 7 (July 1998): 747–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.7.747.

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Sclerospora graminicola, the causal agent of downy mildew in pearl millet, is well-known for variation in its virulence pattern. Nine single-zoospore isolates (Sg 026-Z-1 to Sg 026-Z-9) derived from an oosporic isolate Sg 026 from a pearl millet F1 hybrid cultivar Nath 4209 grown in a farmer's field in a village, Veelad, in Maharashtra state, India, and three controls (Sg 026, Field-1, and Field-2) were evaluated for their virulence in two experimental runs in a greenhouse. The isolates were maintained on pot-grown seedlings of a highly susceptible pearl millet line, 7042S, in a greenhouse through asexual (sporangial) generations. Pot-grown seedlings of six pearl millet potential differential lines/cultivars (7042S, NHB 3, MBH 110, ICMH 451, 843B, and 852B) were spray-inoculated with a sporangial suspension (5 × 105 sporangia ml-1) and maintained in a greenhouse at 25 ± 2°C. Data were recorded for latent period (days) and disease incidence (%), from which a virulence index (incidence × latent period-1) was calculated to quantify disease-causing potential of isolates. Results indicated significant variation in latent period, incidence, and virulence index among isolates. The isolates were classified into four distinct pathotype groups based on their virulence indices on six pearl millet lines. Because of the significant variation for virulence in the S. graminicola population infecting Nath 4209, it is recommended that the hybrid be regularly monitored for downy mildew infection in farmers' fields, and be replaced by a resistant cultivar that is genetically unrelated to the parental lines of Nath 4209. This will help delay or avoid development of downy mildew epidemics and the resulting heavy loss to pearl millet farmers in the region.

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Ram, Kalu, and RS Meena. "Evaluation of pearl millet and mungbean intercropping systems in arid region of Rajasthan (India)." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 43, no. 3 (January 15, 2015): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i3.21616.

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A field experiment was conducted during kharif season, 2011 to evaluate different row ratio of pearl millet with mungbean in the arid region of Rajasthan. The treatments comprised of sole pearl millet at 45 cm spacing, one sole mungbean and ten pearl millet with mungbean treatments row in different ratio. The intercropping of pearl millet with mungbean in 1 : 7, followed by 2 : 6 and 1: 3 row ratio produced maximum pearl millet equivalent yield (PMEY), land equivalent ratio (LER), aggresivity , net returns,benefit cost (B : C) ratio and also better nutrient uptake by these treatments compared to sole and other intercropping treatments. Aggressivity values showed that inter crop mungbean did not offer any competition to pearl millet in different row ratio, while relative crowding coefficient (RCC) values indicated was a yield disadvantage in mungbean in all the intercropping system except 1: 7 row ratio. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i3.21616 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(3): 367-370, 2014 (December)

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Timper, P., J. P. Wilson, A. W. Johnson, and W. W. Hanna. "Evaluation of Pearl Millet Grain Hybrids for Resistance to Meloidogyne spp. and Leaf Blight Caused by Pyricularia grisea." Plant Disease 86, no. 8 (August 2002): 909–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.8.909.

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Pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum, has potential as a grain crop in the southeastern United States. Our objectives were to (i) determine the resistance and/or tolerance of pearl millet hybrids to Meloidogyne incognita race 3 and M. arenaria race 1; (ii) compare reproduction of Meloidogyne spp. on pearl millet and corn; and (iii) determine the disease severity of leaf blight caused primarily by Pyricularia grisea. In a field naturally infested with M. incognita, experimental pearl millet hybrids with inbreds 114 and 117 as the pollinators had fewer numbers of second-stage juveniles and more severe leaf blight than did HGM-100, a nematode-susceptible hybrid; hybrids with inbred 115 as the pollinator were similar to HGM-100 in both nematode numbers and foliar disease severity. Grain yields in pearl millet were greater in plots treated with 1,3-dichloropropene than in control plots and were negatively correlated with leaf blight severity. In a greenhouse experiment, both M. incognita and M. arenaria produced fewer eggs on pearl millet hybrids with pollinators 114, 117, 101, 102, and 103 than on hybrid HGM-100. Reproduction of M. incognita was less on the resistant pearl millet hybrids than on corn. Because both M. incognita and P. grisea can reduce grain yield of pearl millet, hybrids developed for the southeastern United States should be resistant to both pathogens.

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Kumar, R., P. Sagar, and R. K. Behl. "Evaluation of regeneration potential in pearl millet." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 53, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 423–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.53.2005.4.8.

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The regeneration potential of pearl millet, a crop which is of vital importance for farmers in semi-arid tropical regions, was evaluated in a 12 × 12 line × tester cross involving six male sterile (A) lines from five systems of cytoplasmic-genic male sterility, namely two male sterile lines from system A1 (MS81A1, MS8A1), and one each from A2 (Pb313A2), A3 (Pb402A3), A4 (MS81A4) and A5 (MS81A5), the six corresponding maintainer (B) lines 81B1, 8B1, Pb313B2, Pb402B3, 81B4and 81B5, and twelve restorer (R) lines, namely H90/4-5, H77/833-2, G73-107, CSSC46-2, 77/245, 78/711, 77/273, ICR 161, ISK48, 77/28-2, 77/180 and Raj 42. The 24 parents and 144 crosses were grown separately in contiguous blocks in a randomized block design with two replications in three treatments each in 2000 and 2001 at the Research Farm, Bajra Section, Department of Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar. The plot size was 2.5 m × 0.45 m with 10 cm intra-row spacing. The genotypes (A lines, B lines, R lines, A × R crosses, B × R crosses), sowing dates, years, year × sowing date and genotype × treatment interactions (direct and reciprocal) exhibited significant differences. The comparison of mean performance of the early-sown non-ratooned crop vs. ratooned (cut, regenerated) vs. late-sown unratooned crop treatments revealed that both the grain and dry fodder yields and the major yield-contributing characters exhibited little reduction in the ratoon crop, while the total tillers at maturity and the effective tillers increased in the ratoon crop in comparison to the direct-sown crop. Additional green fodder yields of 189.63 g and 144.02 g per plant, harvested 40 days after sowing (DAS) in the ratoon crops in 2000 and 2001, respectively, and similar grain and dry fodder yields emphasized the utility of cutting and regeneration in pearl millet. The ratooning ability of genotypes, assessed from the ratio of the performance of various characters in ratoon and early and late sown unratooned crops for yield and major yield components was high for a number of lines, testers and hybrids. Most of the hybrids involved one or two parents with good regeneration potential. Sufficient genetic variability was observed for regeneration and ratooning ability, which was found to be under genetic control, suggesting that regeneration potential could be incorporated in genotypes with high yield. A base population developed from promising parents and crosses can be improved by cyclic breeding.

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Singh, G., and S. Sehgal. "Nutritional evaluation ofladooprepared from popped pearl millet." Nutrition & Food Science 38, no. 4 (July 18, 2008): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650810891360.

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Devaiah, Shivakumar Pattada, and Huntrike Shekar Shetty. "Purification of an infection-related acidic peroxidase from pearl millet seedlings." Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 94, no. 2-3 (June 2009): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2009.04.010.

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Singh, S. D., and B. S. Talukdar. "Inheritance of Complete Resistance to Pearl Millet Downy Mildew." Plant Disease 82, no. 7 (July 1998): 791–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.7.791.

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Inheritance of downy mildew (Sclerospora graminicola) resistance in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) was studied in a cross involving DMRP (downy mildew resistant Pennisetum) 292 and DMSP (downy mildew susceptible Pennisetum) 23. DMRP 292, derived from IP 18292, and DMSP 23, derived from Tift 23DB, were made homozygous for downy mildew resistance-susceptibility by three generations of single plant selection followinginoculations with homogenized sporangial population of S. graminicola from the ICRISAT Asia Center. Potted seedlings of parental lines, F1, F2, and BC progenies were evaluated for their reactions to downy mildew following inoculation. The results show that complete resistance to downy mildew in DMRP 292 is controlled by a single dominant gene. Because of the simple mode of inheritance, resistance utilization from DMRP 292 is simple and straightforward. We designate this gene as Rsg1.

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H. H., Sheriff, Gurama A. U., Aliyu M., and Ahmed A. "Effects of Sowing Date and Fungicide on Seedling Establishment of Pearl Millet Genotypes Infected with Downy Mildew Disease." BADEGGI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT 3, no. 1 (January 2021): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35849/bjare2020030011.

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Downy mildew caused by Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Schroet is a major limiting factor to the production of pearl millet globally. Therefore, a field trial was carried out during the 2018 and 2019 rainy seasons at Bauchi and Maiduguri located in the Northern Guinea and Sudan Savannah of Nigeria, respectively. The aim was to evaluate the effects of different sowing dates and a fungicide on seedlings establishment of three pearl millet genotypes infected with downy mildew disease. Randomized Complete Block Design was used with a factorial arrangement of treatments, which comprised three pearl millet genotypes (Gero, Maiwa, Dauro), three sowing dates (late-June, mid-July and late-July) and metalaxyl fungicide (treated and untreated). Results for genotypes consistently showed that Maiwa performed better than Gero and Dauro. In terms of the sowing date, the performance of millet was better in the first sowing date (late-June), followed by the second date (mid-July) and then the third date (late-July). Mean values of the seedling establishment were significantly decreased with delay in sowing date. Results, in respect of the fungicide treatments, generally indicated a higher seedling stands in the treated (78.6 - 87.4%) than untreated seed (70.9 - 81.1%) across the locations. These findings revealed that treated seeds with metalaxyl fungicide and early sowing give better seedling establishment in pearl millet.

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Abushoffa, AM, BY Mhana, JS Mezogi, and MA El-Majri. "Evaluation of pearl millet starch as tablet disintegrant." Libyan International Medical University Journal 2, no. 2 (2017): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.21502/limuj.019.02.2017.

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Burton, Glenn W. "Collection, evaluation and storage of pearl millet germplasm." Field Crops Research 11 (January 1985): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(85)90096-6.

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Vanishree, S., M. R. Kammar, and Udaykumar Nidoni. "Development and Evaluation of Pearl Millet Based Novel Health Drink." Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics 53, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.21048/ijnd.2016.53.4.8404.

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Malnutrition in general and nutritional anaemia in particular is a public health problem in India. The remedies for which lies with the people if they are educated to utilize the locally available nutrient rich food sources. In this background, an effort was made to develop a novel food product from bajra, an iron rich health drink as a supplementary food to combat malnutrition. Bajra or pearl millet is extensively grown in Raichur district, which is a rich source of iron, Ca, Zn and high level of fat. But its uses are limited. Novel health drink was prepared using sprouted and dried pearl millet flour, sprouted and dried finger millet powder, malted soya flour, sugar powder and milk powder, and popped and milled amaranth seed powder in different combinations. The pearl millet flour was fortified with other ingredients used in different combinations i.e., 50, 60,70 and 80% respectively along with other ingredients and 100% pearl millet flour was used as control. The effect of germination on nutritional composition in terms of proximate was assessed and sensory evaluation was done for all the fortified samples using 9 point hedonic scale. Sensory evaluation of fortified samples showed that 50 per cent bajra concentration sample was the most accepted sample with respect to all the qualities followed by 60%. Germination enhanced the protein and minerals especially iron content with the reduction in fat.

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Gitaitis, R., J. Wilson, R. Walcott, H. Sanders, and W. Hanna. "Occurrence of Bacterial Stripe of Pearl Millet in Georgia." Plant Disease 86, no. 3 (March 2002): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.3.326b.

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Bacterial stripe, caused by Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae, was observed on breeding lines of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) in Georgia in 1999 and 2001. A gram-negative, oxidase-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that produced circular, cream-colored, nonfluorescent, butyrous colonies with entire margins on King's medium B was consistently isolated from leaf lesions. The bacterium was identified as A. avenae subsp. avenae by gas-chromatography of extracted, whole-cell, fatty acid methyl esters using the Sherlock Microbial Identification System (MIDI, Newark, DE) and by substrate utilization patterns using the Biolog Identification System (Biolog Inc., Hayward, CA). Isolates from pearl millet produced amplicons of expected size (360 bp) from 16S rDNA after conducting polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers WFB1 and WFB2, which are specific for A. avenae. When bacterial suspensions of 1 × 108 CFU/ml were infiltrated into the intercellular spaces of leaves of pearl millet seedlings in the greenhouse, typical water-soaked, reddish-brown stripes developed and were identical to those observed in the field. In contrast to previous reports (1), the pearl millet strains produced atypical symptoms on sweet corn (cvs. Merit and Primetime). Necroses were restricted, lacked customary water-soaking, and were similar to symptoms produced by the watermelon pathogen, A. avenae subsp. citrulli, which was used as a negative control. In contrast, three strains of A. avenae subsp. avenae previously isolated from corn in Georgia produced typical water-soaked stripes in both millet and the sweet corn ‘Merit’. However, like the millet strains, A. avenae subsp. avenae strains from corn produced atypical symptoms on the sweet corn ‘Primetime’. Using immunomagnetic separation and PCR (2), A. avenae subsp. avenae was detected in remaining samples of pearl millet seed planted in Georgia in 2001, as well as in remnant samples of seed sent to Puerto Rico for increase in 2000. The A. avenae subsp. avenae strain recovered from seed was identified by the methods listed above, and in the greenhouse it was identified by the production of typical water-soaked stripes after inoculation of pearl millet. This is the first report of A. avenae subsp. avenae infecting pearl millet in the United States. The detection and distribution of seedborne inoculum in breeding lines is significant since the program at Tifton represents a major effort by the U.S. Department of Agriculture to develop higher-yielding, disease-resistant pearl millet hybrids. Furthermore, the strains from pearl millet appear to be different from previous A. avenae subsp. avenae strains isolated from corn in Georgia, because they did not produce typical disease symptoms when infiltrated in corn leaves. References: (1) L. E. Claflin et al. Plant Dis. 73:1010, 1989. (2) R. R. Walcott and R. D. Gitaitis. Plant Dis. 84:470, 2000.

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Reis, Gabriela Barreto dos, Larissa Fonseca Andrade-Vieira, José Marcello Salabert de Campos, Antonio Vander Pereira, and Lisete Chamma Davide. "KARYOTYPE ALTERATIONS AFTER HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN Pennisetum purpureum AND Pennisetum glaucum." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 39, no. 5 (October 2015): 443–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542015000500003.

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ABSTRACTNapier grass and pearl millet are tropical forages from the genus Pennisetum. The variability in those species is explored in breeding programs of forages, as well as in the production of interspecific hybrids. Hybridization is a phenomenon that leads to intergenomic conflicts following the elimination of genomic sequences. In this sense, the present work aimed to study the genomic alterations occurring after interspecific hybridization of pearl millet and Napier grass with the use of cytogenetics and flow cytometry tools. These methods allowed the evaluation of chromosome morphometry, DNA content and genomic ratio in pearl millet, Napier grass and hybrids. It was observed that pearl millet and Napier grass have chromosomes with superposed size. The hybrid presents chromosomes that are smaller than expected, leading to karyotype alterations. Additionally, comparing the DNA content of parents and hybrids, loss of DNA content was demonstrated. Further, changes in the pearl millet and Napier grass genome ratio were also verified in the hybrid nucleus. Moreover, genomic rearrangements were shown to occur through karyotype alterations in the hybrid.

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Patten, Kim, Gary Nimr, and Elizabeth Neuendorff. "EVALUATION OF LIVING MULCH SYSTEMS FOR RABBITEYE BLUEBERRY PRODUCTION." HortScience 25, no. 8 (August 1990): 852b—852. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.8.852b.

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Blueberry production is enhanced by the use of an organic mulch. An alternative to off-farm sources of mulch is the production of winter and summer living mulch cover crops grown in the row middles of the blueberry planting. These crops are mowed and then windrowed for use as a mulch. We evaluated living mulch crops for blueberries for the following parameters: adaptation to low soil pH, mulch production, ease and cost of stand establishment, mowing tolerance, allelopathic weed control, and N contributed by mulch. Rye, ryegrass, and crimson clover were the most overall suitable crops for the winter; while for summer, pearl millet was best adapted. Nitrogen was the major limiting factor that affected nonlegume production. Legume yields were limited by deer foraging and low soil pH. Pearl millet had the greatest allelopathic response on weeds of all cover crops tested. Maximum dry matter production for the living mulches ranged from 6000 kg/ha for elbon rye in the winter, to 30,000 kg/ha for pearl millet in the summer. With the appropriate cover crop selection and adequate soil fertility living mulches appear to be a efficacious practice to aid blueberry production in the south.

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Lavanya, Senapathyhally Nagaraju, Sathyanarayana Niranjan-Raj, Siddaiah Chandra Nayaka, and Kestur Nagaraju Amruthesh. "Systemic protection against pearl millet downy mildew disease induced by cell wall glucan elicitors from Trichoderma hamatum UOM 13." Journal of Plant Protection Research 57, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 296–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jppr-2017-0042.

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Abstract The obligate oomycete Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Schroet, is the incitant of downy mildew disease, which is the main constraint in pearl millet production worldwide. Different elicitors from Trichoderma hamatum UOM 13, e.g. mycelial extract and cell wall glucans, were assessed for their resistance elicitation efficiency and the possible underlying mechanisms. Both mycelial extract and cell wall glucans of T. hamatum UOM 13 positively influenced seed quality parameters of pearl millet, significantly enhanced seed germination and seedling vigor in comparison to the untreated control. Seed priming with cell wall glucan elicitors of T. hamatum UOM 13 suppressed downy mildew on susceptible pearl millet seedlings under greenhouse conditions by induction of systemic host resistance. Of the different elicitor delivery methods tested, transplant root dip was more effective than seed treatment and foliar spray. A combination of transplant root dip + seed treatment + foliar spray was significantly more effective than the single delivery methods. The induced resistance corresponded to up regulation of genes of important defense proteins upon pathogen inoculation. Transcripts of genes of defense enzymes glucanase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase were significantly increased due to the T. hamatum UOM elicitor effect. Expression of hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein genes, known to play an important role in cell wall cross-linking, were also up regulated in response to T. hamatum UOM cell wall glucan treatment. This study emphasizes the role of T. hamatum UOM as a potential elicitor of downy mildew resistance in pearl millet and presents novel insights into the involvement of important defense proteins mediating such as resistance trigger.

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Munjal, S. V., B. B. Desai, S. D. Ugale, S. Y. Daftardar, D. R. Bapat, and M. S. Naik. "Carbon monoxide sensitivity of cytochrome c oxidase in male sterile seedlings of pearl millet." Phytochemistry 27, no. 7 (January 1988): 1955–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80075-x.

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Serdani, Maryna, Robert A. Spotts, Jill M. Calabro, Joseph D. Postman, and Annie P. Qu. "Evaluation of the USDA National Clonal Pyrus Germplasm Collection for Resistance to Podosphaera leucotricha." HortScience 41, no. 3 (June 2006): 717–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.3.717.

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Powdery mildew (PM) occurs worldwide and is prevalent on susceptible cultivars wherever pears are grown, causing economic losses due to russeted fruit and an increased need for fungicides. A core subset of the Pyrus germplasm collection at the USDA National Clonal Germplasm Repository in Corvallis, Ore., was evaluated for resistance to Podosphaera leucotricha, the causal agent of PM, using greenhouse and field inoculations of potted trees. The core collection consists of about 200 cultivars and species selections, representing most of the genetic diversity of pears and includes 31 Asian cultivars (ASN), 122 European cultivars (EUR), 9 EUR × ASN hybrids and 46 pear species selections. Three trees of each core accession were grafted on seedling rootstocks. In 2001–02, trees were artificially inoculated in a greenhouse, grown under conditions conducive for PM, and evaluated for symptoms. The same trees were subsequently evaluated for PM symptoms from natural field infections during 2003 and 2004. In the greenhouse, 95% of EUR and 38% of ASN were infected with PM. Average PM incidence (percent of leaves infected) in the greenhouse (8% for ASN and 30% for EUR) was much higher than incidence in the field (2% for ASN and 5% for EUR) during 2003. Symptoms were also more severe in the greenhouse, with 46% of ASN and 83% of EUR with PM symptoms having a mean PM incidence of >10%. In the field, 42% and 22% of EUR and 23% and 13% of ASN were infected with P. leucotricha in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Field infection was very low during both years, with percentage leaves infected in ASN and species selections significantly different from EUR. In the field, 6% of ASN with PM symptoms had a mean PM incidence >10% during both years, while 15% and 2% of EUR accessions with PM symptoms had a mean PM incidence >10% in 2003 and 2004 respectively. These results should be very useful to pear breeding programs to develop improved PM resistant cultivars in the future, by using accessions with consistent low PM ratings.

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Amodu, J. T., I. A. Adeyinka ., M. S. Kallah ., and J. P. Alawa . "Evaluation of Pearl Millet Accessions for Yield and Nutrient Composition." Journal of Biological Sciences 7, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2007.379.383.

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Rao, S. Appa, M. H. Mengesha, P. K. Sibale, and Rajagopal Reddy. "Collection and evaluation of pearl millet (Pennisetum) germplasm from Malawi." Economic Botany 40, no. 1 (January 1986): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02858943.

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Crusciol, Carlos Alexandre Costa, Jayme Ferrari Neto, Rogério Peres Soratto, and Claudio Hideo Martins da Costa. "Cycling of nutrients and silicon in pigeonpea and pearl millet monoculture and intercropping." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 37, no. 6 (December 2013): 1628–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832013000600019.

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In a no-tillage system, cover crops must be used that combine shoot dry matter production and nutrient recycling. The aim of this study was to evaluate shoot dry matter production, decomposition rate and macronutrient and silicon release from pigeonpea and pearl millet in monoculture and intercropping systems. A randomized block design was used with a 3 x 6 factorial arrangement, with four replications. The first factor consisted of three cover crops (pigeonpea, pearl millet and intercropping of these cover crops) and the second consisted of six sampling times [0, 18, 32, 46, 74 and 91 days after desiccation (DAD)]. Pearl millet produced greater amounts of shoot dry matter and content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, C and Si and had a higher decomposition rate and macronutrient and Si release than the other cover crops. The rates of decomposition and daily nutrient release from shoot dry matter were highest in the first period of evaluation (0-18 DAD). Over time, the C/N, C/P and C/S ratios increased, while C/Si and the decomposition rate decreased. Potassium was the nutrient most quickly released to the soil, especially from pearl millet residue. Silicon had the lowest release rate, with 62, 82 and 74 % of the total content in the shoot dry matter remaining in the last evaluation of pearl millet, pigeonpea and in the intercrop system, respectively. The shoot dry matter from the intercrop system had a different decomposition rate than that from the pearl millet monoculture and pigeonpea. Plants with greater shoot dry matter production and lower C/Si ratio are more effective in a no-tillage system for providing a more complete and persistent soil cover.

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McKee, Robert W., Deidre Harmon, Dennis W. Hancock, Lawton Stewart, Macc Rigdon, Chevise L. Thomas, and Alexander M. Stelzleni. "165 Grazing evaluation of pearlillet with and without soybean hull supplementation in a forage-finished beef production system." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_1 (July 2019): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz053.127.

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Abstract Pearl millet may be a viable forage option in forage-finished beef production systems due to favorable agronomic traits and nutritive value. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate two varieties of pearl millet with and without soybean hull supplementation in a forage-finished beef production system. In a two-year grazing trial, sixteen 0.81-ha paddocks were randomly assigned to one of four treatments in a 2x2 factorial design: ‘Tifleaf 3’ pearl millet (PM) and ‘Exceed’ pearl millet (BMR) without and with soybean hull supplementation (0.75% of body weight (BW); PM+S and BMR+S, respectively). Each year, Angus crossbred steers (n = 32; BW = 444±59 kg) were paired to minimize variability among pairs. Pairs were randomly assigned to treatment paddocks. Grazing was initiated in June when forage was approximately 60-cm in height and terminated after approximately 90 d of rotational grazing. Average daily gain (ADG) was calculated from weights taken at grazing initiation and termination following an 18-h fast. Steers were harvested in September and carcass data were collected 24-h postmortem. All data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX (SAS v.9.4). Supplemented steers exhibited greater (P < 0.01) ADG than non-supplemented steers. No difference (P > 0.05) was observed for ADG between forage varieties. Pre-harvest shrunk weight, hot carcass weight (HCW), dressing percent (DP), and ribeye area were similar (P > 0.05) within supplemented and non-supplemented steers across forage varieties. Shrunk weight, HCW, and DP were similar (P > 0.05) for BMR+S and BMR. Rib-eye area was similar (P > 0.05) for BMR+S, PM+S, and PM. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed for fat thickness, adjusted fat thickness, yield grade, marbling score, or overall maturity. Results indicate pearl millet is a viable warm-season forage option for forage-finished beef systems in the Southeast and soybean hull supplementation can improve animal performance over forage alone.

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MUEHLIG-VERSEN, B., A. BUERKERT, A. BATIONO, and V. ROEMHELD. "PHOSPHORUS PLACEMENT ON ACID ARENOSOLS OF THE WEST AFRICAN SAHEL." Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 3 (June 25, 2003): 307–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479703001261.

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Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a major constraint to pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) growth on acid sandy soils of the West African Sahel. To develop cost-effective fertilization strategies for cash poor farmers, experiments with pearl millet were conducted in southwestern Niger. Treatments comprised single superphosphate hill-placed at rates of 1, 3, 5 or 7 kg P ha−1 factorially combined with broadcast P at a rate of 13 kg ha−1. Nitrogen was applied as calcium ammonium nitrate at rates of 30 and 45 kg ha−1. At low soil moisture, placement of single superphosphate in immediate proximity to the seed reduced seedling emergence. Despite these negative effects on germination, P placement resulted in much faster growth of millet seedlings than did broadcast P. With P application, potassium nutrition of millet was improved and seedling nitrogen uptake increased two- to three-fold, indicating that nitrogen was not limiting early millet growth. Averaged over the 1995 and 1996 cropping seasons, placed applications of 3, 5 and 7 kg P ha−1 led to 72%, 81% and 88% respectively, of the grain yield produced by broadcasting 13 kg P ha−1. Nitrogen application did not show major effects on grain yield unless P requirements were met. A simple economic analysis revealed that the profitability of P application, defined as additional income per unit of fertilizer, was highest for P placement at 3 and 5 kg ha−1.

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Ramachandra Kini, K., N. S. Vasanthi, S. Umesh-Kumar, and H. Shekar Shetty. "Purification and properties of a major isoform of β-1,3-glucanase from pearl millet seedlings." Plant Science 150, no. 2 (January 2000): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9452(99)00176-4.

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Shailasree, S., K. Ramachandra Kini, S. Deepak, B. S. Kumudini, and H. Shekar Shetty. "Accumulation of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins in pearl millet seedlings in response to Sclerospora graminicola infection." Plant Science 167, no. 6 (December 2004): 1227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2004.06.012.

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37

ABUBAKAR, Abdulhakeem, Olamide A. FALUSI, Israel K. OLAYEMI, Matthew O. ADEBOLA, Yusuf O. A. DAUDU, and Mohammed C. DANGANA. "Evaluation of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L. (R. Br.)) landraces for resistance to stem borer (Coniesta ignefusalis Hampson.) infestation." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 12, no. 4 (December 21, 2020): 807–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb12410818.

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Characterisation of germplasm collection is imperative for identification and selection of new resistance sources in any crop breeding programmes. Thus, evaluation of pearl millet germplasm for resistance to stem borer infestation was carried out in view of the challenges of poor yield and quality reduction of pearl millet, elicited by its feeding activities. Thirty-five (35) pearl millet accessions were collected from different states where the crop is majorly cultivated in Nigeria. The accessions were characterised for resistance to stem borer infestation on the field. Further confirmation for selected potentially resistant accessions under artificial screen house conditions was done using a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with ten replications each. The field estimated selection index showed that out of the 35 accessions screened, 15 accessions were potentially resistant; 13 resistants with range value of 0.00 to 0.40 and 2 moderately resistant. Further nursery screening confirmed 9 of the 15 accessions to be resistant under artificial infestation. NS-JIL-01 accession was most highly resistant with significant least leaf damage score of 0.25. Significant and positive correlation (r = 0.32) was obtained between days to anthesis and number of larvae per plant at p < 0.01. Negative correlation of percentage internodes damage with panicle diameter (-0.26) and panicle weight (-0.25 gn) at p < 0.01 as well as weight of 1000 seeds (r = -0.19, p < 0.05) were also significant. The identification of potentially resistant accessions on field and confirmation of some of the accessions under artificial screen house conditions indicated, gene for resistance to stem borer infestation in pearl millet could be obtained from the natural eco-type germplasm.

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., Abdul Shakoor, Muhammad Naeem ., and Hanif Munawwar . "Evaluation of Different Pearl Millet Genotypes For Stability and Yield Performance." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 2, no. 4 (September 15, 1999): 1401–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.1999.1401.1404.

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39

Catelan, Fernanda, Claudio Scapinello, Josianny Limeira Figueira, Andréia Fróes Galuci Oliveira, and Ana Carolina Monteiro Motta. "Evaluation of milled pearl millet in the feeding of growing rabbits." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 41, no. 8 (August 2012): 1866–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982012000800009.

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40

Jalgaonkar, Kirti, S. K. Jha, and Manoj Kumar Mahawar. "Quality Evaluation of Pearl Millet Based Pasta as Affected by Depigmentation." Current Science 115, no. 6 (September 1, 2018): 1191. http://dx.doi.org/10.18520/cs/v115/i6/1191-1195.

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Rao, S. Appa, Melak H. Mengesha, and D. Sharma. "Collection and evaluation of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum americanum) Germplasm from Ghana." Economic Botany 39, no. 1 (January 1985): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02861171.

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Vinutha, K. S., A. A. Khan, D. Ravi, K. V. S. V. Prasad, Y. Ramana Reddy, C. S. Jones, and M. Blummel. "Comparative evaluation of sorghum and pearl millet forage silages with maize." Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology 21, no. 1 (2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-181x.2021.00001.9.

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43

Ashraf, M., M. Arfan, and A. Ahmad. "Evaluation of the usefulness of senescing agent potassium iodide for assessing inter-cultivar variation for drought tolerance in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.]." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 11 (2003): 1337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02163.

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Drought stress is an important limitation to the growth and grain yield of pearl millet in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Potassium iodide, a senescing agent, was used as a screening tool for evaluating drought tolerance of 22 strains of pearl millet at the grain development stage (grain filling) under glasshouse conditions. In order to use potassium iodide as a selection method in breeding programs for improvement of drought tolerance, the technique was compared with some drought evaluating parameters such as water retention capability, osmotic adjustment, photosynthetic capacity and water-use efficiency. Application of a 0.3% solution of potassium iodide at anthesis was very effective in causing drought stress, and hence grain yield reduction, in pearl millet. It showed a significant association with water deficit in growth attributes such as fresh and dry weights of shoots, and grain yield. Osmotic adjustment, water retention capability (decrease in weight of excised leaves during 5-h drying period), photosynthetic rate, and single-leaf water-use efficiency (net CO2 assimilation rate/transpiration) did not show positive relationships with the degree of drought tolerance measured using potassium iodide spray or water-deficit treatment. A large amount of variation in drought tolerance observed in 22 lines of pearl millet can be of considerable practical value. For example, the 3 lines ICMP-83720, ICMV-9413 and ICMV-94472, ranked as highly drought tolerant on the basis of their overall growth and physiological performance, and could be of direct use under mild drought conditions.

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Frederickson, D. E., E. S. Monyo, S. B. King, and G. N. Odvody. "A Disease of Pearl Millet in Zimbabwe Caused by Pantoea agglomerans." Plant Disease 81, no. 8 (August 1997): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.8.959d.

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Necrosis at the leaf tips and margins of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) was observed in 1995 in a Pseudomonas syringae resistance screening nursery near Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Straw-colored lesions with a chlorotic edge often extended the leaf length, and were atypical of the round spots, with a brown margin, caused by P. syringae (1). Bacteria were isolated from cut lesions macerated in water by dilution streaking onto King's medium B and nutrient agar. A gram-negative, nonfluorescent, fermentative, rod-shaped bacterium, forming yellow colonies on nutrient agar was consistently observed. Three pots of 10, 2-to 3-week-old seedlings of a susceptible cultivar, 852B, were inoculated with a 108 CFU per ml suspension from cultures by misting or injection into the whorl. In three experiments, the treatment and uninoculated control were incubated at 25°C and 95% relative humidity for 48 h before transfer to the greenhouse. The original symptoms of watersoaking at leaf tips and margins were observed after 4 days. Necrotic lesions surrounded by chlorotic tissue were observed a day later. Fluorescence on King's medium B, and levan, oxidase, potato-rot, arginine dihydrolase, 2-keto gluconate, nitrate reduction, gelatin, phenylalanine deaminase, and acid from starch tests were negative. Tobacco hypersensitivity, acid from sucrose and glycerol, aesculin hydrolysis, lipase, indole production, and growth on tetrazolium chloride were positive. The identification of the pathogen to the species level as Pantoea agglomerans (Ewing and Fife 1972) Gavini et al. 1989, formerly Erwinia herbicola, was by fatty acid analysis by the International Mycological Institute (Egham, Surrey, UK). P. agglomerans was recorded as a pathogen of pearl millet in India in 1958 (2). References: (1) G. N. Odvody and A. K. Vidaver. Sorghum Newsl. 23:134, 1980. (2) C. K. S. Rajagopalan and G. Rangaswami. Curr. Sci. 27:30, 1958.

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Babiker, Sara A., Mohammed A. M. Khair, and Izzat S. A. Tahir. "Exploitation of forage attribute-based variations in Sudan pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] collections." Plant Genetic Resources 12, no. 1 (August 28, 2013): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262113000312.

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Triggered by the need to develop inter-seasonal, multi-cut cereal forage crops, this study aimed at the exploitation of phenotypic variations among the rich pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) collections in Sudan for possible utilization in forage-type breeding programmes. A total of 100 pearl millet accessions were used in three field trials grown in rainy, winter and summer seasons (2008–2009) at the Gezira Research Station Farm and the Gezira University Experimental Farm. Wide diversity and highly significant differences in the total dry forage yield, days to harvest, plant height, number of tillers/plant and leaf/stem ratio were found among the accessions. At an 80% morphological similarity level, the 100 accessions of pearl millet were clustered into four main groups. In the rainy and winter seasons, 71 and 56% of the accessions produced forage yield of more than 5 t/ha, respectively. In contrast, 77% of the accessions produced less than 5 t/ha in the summer season. Among the top-ranking 25 accessions, two accessions (HSD 2190 and HSD 2236) were common in dry matter yield in the three seasons, whereas 11 accessions were identified in at least two seasons. The presence of such common accessions in more than one season is encouraging for growing pearl millet as a multi-cut crop for a longer period. These results indicated the possibility of the development of forage-suited varieties of pearl millet directly through further evaluation of those common accessions or indirectly through a crop breeding programme.

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Oliveira Jr, R. S., F. A. Rios, J. Constantin, E. L. Ishii-Iwamoto, A. Gemelli, and P. E. Martini. "Grass straw mulching to suppress emergence and early growth of weeds." Planta Daninha 32, no. 1 (March 2014): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582014000100002.

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Sorghum, pearl millet, and Brachiaria ruziziensis have similar characteristics which have led to their use for mulch formation in no-till systems. This study was carried out to evaluate the potential of these three species as straw suppliers to suppress weed emergence. Initial findings led to the conclusion that both pearl millet and Brachiaria ruziziensis have similar or superior potential as weed suppressors, compared to sorghum straw, a species with recognized allelopathic potential. Subsequently, new trials were conducted under greenhouse conditions by sowing weed species in pots, followed by covering of the soil with the straw under evaluation. Independent experiments were conducted for Euphorbia heterophylla and Bidens pilosa. In each experiment, the factors analyzed were type of straw (pearl millet and B. ruziziensis), amount of straw (equivalent to 4 and 8 t ha-1 dry mass) and irrigation method (surface and subsurface). Both pearl millet and B. ruziziensis have shown to be species that can be cultivated to produce straw with allelopathic potential. These effects were effective in suppressing the emergence or early growth of E. heterophylla and B. pilosa. There was no difference in the suppression of emergence of these species when the soil cover level was alternated between 4 and 8 t ha-1 dry mass.

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NAGARATHNA, K. C., SUDHEER A. SHETTY, and H. SHEKAR SHETTY. "Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Activity in Pearl Millet Seedlings and its Relation to Downy Mildew Disease Resistance." Journal of Experimental Botany 44, no. 8 (1993): 1291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/44.8.1291.

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Naeem, Muhammad, Muhammad Shahid Muni ., Ahmad Hasan Khan ., and Sultan Salahuddin . "Evaluation of Different Varieties of Pearl Millet for Green Fodder Yield Potential." Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 1, no. 4 (June 15, 2002): 326–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2002.326.327.

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Solanke, S. B., R. V. Jaybhaye, and S. B. Jadhav. "Sensory Evaluation of Pearl Millet based Snack Food (Kharodi) using Fuzzy Logic." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, no. 04 (April 10, 2018): 2144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.704.244.

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Mehra, Anubha, and Uttara Singh. "Sensory Evaluation and Nutrient Content of Namakparas Prepared by Incorporating Pearl Millet." Studies on Home and Community Science 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09737189.2017.1335680.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pearl millet – Seedlings – Evaluation'

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