Journal articles: 'Pearl of the Orient Series'

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Huppatz, D. J. "The Chameleon and the Pearl of the Orient." Design Issues 22, no. 2 (April 2006): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/desi.2006.22.2.64.

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Ma, Shengming, and Kuiling Ding. "Preface." Pure and Applied Chemistry 84, no. 8 (January 1, 2012): iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20128408iv.

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The 16th International Symposium on Organometallic Chemistry Directed Towards Organic Synthesis (OMCOS 16) was held in Shanghai, China during the period of 24-28 July 2011. It was jointly organized by the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and East China Normal University under the auspices of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. It was held at the Shanghai International Convention Center, located in the heart of the Lujiazui-Shanghai Financial and Trade zone, adjacent to the Oriental Pearl TV Tower and facing the multinational styles of architecture along the Bund across the Huangpu River, nicely showing part of the history and the dynamic nature of China at this moment.It was the first time for mainland China to host the OMCOS meeting following the successful series of symposia held at Fort Collins (1981), Dijon (1983), Kyoto (1985), Vancouver (1987), Florence (1989), Utrecht (1991), Kobe (1993), Santa Barbara (1995), Gottingen (1997), Versailles (1999), Taipei (2001), Toronto (2003), Geneva (2005), Nara (2007), and Glasgow (2009).The symposium program featured 11 plenary lectures, 13 invited lectures, 12 oral presentations, one OMCOS Award Lecture (sponsored by Springer Verlag and the Yen-Chuang Foundation), and one OBC Award Lecture (sponsored by the Royal Society of Chemistry). Notably, the plenary lecture given by the Nobel laureate, Prof. Ei-ichi Negishi, was delivered right after the reception dinner on 24 July. Prof. Frank Glorius from Universität Münster received the OMCOS Award, and Prof. Michael C. Willis from the University of Oxford received the OBC Award.The symposium was attended by 993 participants from 21 countries and areas. The scientific program also presented well-supported poster sessions comprising 507 posters of remarkably high quality. On the basis of assessment by the distinguished international committee, 20 posters were awarded with the OMCOS-16 Poster Prizes, sponsored by Henkel, John Wiley, IUPAC, Thieme, the Royal Society of Chemistry, and Elsevier.This issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry comprises a collection of 9 papers based upon lectures delivered at OMCOS-16 (Conference Editor, Shuli You), offering the readers a glimpse of the fascinating achievements in this area communicated at the symposium.The series will continue with OMCOS-17, which will be held in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (www.omcos17.com), 28 July-1 August 2013, under the chairmanship of Prof. Tomislav Rovis.Shengming Ma and Kuiling DingConference Chairs

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Tan, Geraldine Anne, and Sonia Lim. "The “Pearl of the Orient” as a dark tourism destination in Malaysia." International Journal of Tourism Cities 4, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijtc-04-2017-0023.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential of Penang in being a dark tourism destination in Malaysia with the influence of urban tourism development. Design/methodology/approach A systematic review was conducted to serve as a foundation by highlighting the number of dark tourism studies conducted in Southeast Asia (SEA). Findings The results projected a total of 23 dark tourism studies conducted within the SEA region. These papers revolve around the following key themes that were conducted in these countries: tourists’ behaviour (motivation, satisfaction and experience), nation building and narratives, dark tourism development (management, marketing and implications), theoretical underpinnings and the role of dark tourism. Amongst these, it was found that tourists’ behaviour is the most studied with eight papers while the least is on nation building and theoretical underpinnings of dark tourism with three papers each. Research limitations/implications The lack of dark tourism studies in SEA results in insufficient existing literature which justifies the need of exploring Penang as a potential dark tourism destination. Originality/value This paper builds on prior dark tourism studies that are significantly related to urban tourism but takes a step further by exploring the Asian settings. Specifically, into Malaysia which is more than just an SEA country, but a multicultural one which is rich and diverse with its culture and heritage that leads to many unique tourists’ destinations. This paper extends the geographical scope of the dark tourism literature as it focuses on Penang in Malaysia.

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Chai, Lim Tiam. "Culture Heritage Tourism Engineering at Penang: Complete The Puzzle Of “The Pearl Of Orient”." Systems Engineering Procedia 1 (2011): 358–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sepro.2011.08.054.

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Dockrill, Saki. "Hirohito, the Emperor's Army and Pearl Harbor." Review of International Studies 18, no. 4 (October 1992): 319–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500118911.

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The death of Hirohito on 7 January 1989 provided the Japanese with an opportunity of reappraising the Showa era, as Hirohito's reign is called in the Japanese calendar. This lasted for sixty-two years, which the press described as years of ‘turmoil and drastic changes.’ While the role of the Emperor and, to a greater degree, the role of the military in imperial Japan have been long-running themes for historians, intellectuals, and journalists, Hirohito's death certainly encouraged the publication of a large number of books, including reprints of works about the Pacific War, from semi-official histories, the memoirs of some of the leading decision makers and a series of histories of Japan from 1868 to 1945. Television programmes showed for two full days panel discussions by historians and documentary films of the Showa era—a series of bloody wars in China and eventually with the Americans, the British and the other Allied powers, leading to unconditional surrender and occupation.

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Kour, Satvinder, U. K. Pradhan, Ranjit Kumar Paul, and P. R. Vaishnav. "Forecasting of pearl millet productivity in Gujarat under time series framework." Economic Affairs 62, no. 1 (2017): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-4666.2017.00035.3.

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Jayawardena, Amithirlgala W., and Feizhou Lai. "Time Series Analysis of Water Quality Data in Pearl River, China." Journal of Environmental Engineering 115, no. 3 (June 1989): 590–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1989)115:3(590).

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Cuif, Jean-Pierre, Alexander D. Ball, Yannicke Dauphin, Bastien Farre, Julius Nouet, Alberto Perez-Huerta, Murielle Salomé, and C. Terry Williams. "Structural, Mineralogical, and Biochemical Diversity in the Lower Part of the Pearl Layer of Cultivated Seawater Pearls from Polynesia." Microscopy and Microanalysis 14, no. 5 (September 16, 2008): 405–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927608080859.

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AbstractA series of Polynesian pearls has been investigated with particular attention to the structural and compositional patterns of the early developmental stages of the pearl layer. These initial steps in pearl formation bear witness of the metabolic changes that have occurred during the pearl-sac formation. The resulting structurally and biochemically complex structures have been investigated using a variety of techniques that provide us with information concerning both mineral phases and the organic components. Results are discussed with respect to our understanding of the biomineralization mechanisms, as well as for the grafting process.

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Tolentino, Udgardo Juan L. "The state of mental health in the Philippines." International Psychiatry 1, no. 6 (October 2004): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600006950.

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The Philippines, known as the Pearl of the Orient, is an archipelago of 7107 islands, bounded on the west by the South China Sea, on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Sulu and Celebes Sea, and on the north by the Bashi Channel. The northernmost islands are about 240 km south of Taiwan and the southernmost islands approximately 24 km from Borneo. The country has a total land area of some 300 000 km2. It is divided into three geographical areas: Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. It has 17 regions, 79 provinces, 115 cities, 1495 municipalities and 41 956 barangays (the smallest geographic and political unit). It has over 100 ethnic groups and a myriad of foreign influences (including Malay, Chinese, Spanish and American).

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Shapiro, B. L. "CEREMONIAL TEXTILE IN XVII CENTURY: PEARL WORKS OF THE MOSCOW KREMLIN WORKSHOPS." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, no. 1 (April 25, 2018): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2018-1-74-78.

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The article introduces the results of a study dedicated to the most spectacular textile in the royal household in the XVII century Russia – the heyday of Russian pearl works. This is the context for the study of the Moscow Kremlin pearl works kept in those days in the Royal Treasury and the Sacristy. Today these masterpieces are in the collection of the Armory Chamber. The analysis involves ceremonial wraps and various pearl covers. The research refines the series of secular and cult-ritual ceremonial textile of the XVII century, which was adorned with the pearl threading technique. The author identifies a range of such items located in the national museum collections. Much attention is paid to the specifics of ancient Russian pearl work. The emphasis is on one of the most valuable items made in this technique. It is the so-called «Blanket with Kingdoms» from the Royal Stables Treasury; the item was made at the beginning of the second quarter of the XVII century. According to the results of the analysis, the textiles with pearl works can be regarded as a significant material source on the history of the ceremonial culture of the late Russian Middle Ages.

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McNamer, Sarah. "The Literariness of Literature and the History of Emotion." Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 130, no. 5 (October 2015): 1433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2015.130.5.1433.

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The middle english pearl is one of the most moving and beautiful poems ever composed. occasioned, it seems, by the death of a two-year-old daughter, whose identity has never been determined, it casts the grieving narrator-father as one who has treasured the child as a jewel beyond compare. She was round and smooth, rare and radiant—a precious pearl fit for a prince. Yet this dear small thing just slipped away one day in the garden, tumbling down through the grass into the dark earth:Perle, plesaunte to prynces payeTo clanly clos in golde so clere,Oute of oryent, I hardyly saye,Ne proved I never her precious pere.So rounde, so reken in uche arayeSo smal, so smothe her sydes were,Quere-so-ever I jugged gemmes gaye,I sette hyr sengeley in synglere.Allas! I leste hyr in on erbere;Thurgh gresse to grounde hit fro me yot.I dewyne, fordolked of luf-daungereOf that pryvy perle wythouten spot. (lines 1-12)Pearl, pleasing and delightful for a prince to enclose in fine gold: of all those from the orient, I declare that I never knew one as precious. So round, so radiant in every setting; so small, so smooth her sides were; wherever I judged beautiful gems, I appraised her as singularly rare. Alas! I lost her in a garden; through grass to ground it sped from me. I mourn, overcome with love-longing for my own precious, spotless pearl.As this opening stanza reveals, Pearl relies on the polyvalence and sensuous power of poetic language for its affective effects, gathering associative resonance through shifting meanings, working through indirection and allusiveness, tapping into the sensory power of visual and tactile images and patterned sound, and leaving much unsaid, to be grasped and felt between the lines. But the poem's broad emotional arc is clear. It scripts a therapeutic narrative of affective experience, taking its reader, whom it enfolds within the textual “I” of the poem, from “woe” to “weal” (56, 1187).

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Chen, Yuan Ying, Xiao Ling Yin, Dong Lin Bai, and Li Cheng Li. "Spectral Analysis on Sub-Tidal Variability of Salinity in Modaomen Waterway of Pearl River Estuary, China." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 1982–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.1982.

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Salinity and tidal range time series observed in Modaomen waterway was analyzed in power spectrum method, and both showed the period of half month (14.22d). Moreover, the salinity and tidal range time series were coherent at that period through cross spectrum analysis. Besides, the phase analysis at the period of 14.22d showed that, within the estuary, the salinity time series upstream lagged that of the downstream, and the response time of salinity time series to the tidal range time series was about 9-10d, increasing upstream. But the phase of salinity time series and response time to the tidal range at the estuary mouth did not correspond with the laws within the estuary. The response time of salinity to the tidal range was about 12d there.

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Yu, Zu-Guo, Yee Leung, Yongqin David Chen, Qiang Zhang, Vo Anh, and Yu Zhou. "Multifractal analyses of daily rainfall time series in Pearl River basin of China." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 405 (July 2014): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2014.02.047.

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Ma, Qin, Jin Zhong Zhu, and Wen Lin Zou. "Design and Production of Pearl Fiber Imitating Silk Shirt Fabric." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 395–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.395.

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This paper introduces the design of small jacquard plain weave imitating silk shirt fabric aiming at the characteristic of the pearl fiber. Pearl fiber and plush cotton fiber are chosen and blended. It’s weaving process is presented. The producing techniques were researched according to the characteristics of the fibers and yarns. A series of technology measures in process of producing were taken. So the weaving efficiency reaches 92%, and the finished woven fabric is artistic, moisture absorpting, smooth, cool and comfortable. It has a comparatively high strength, perfect elasticity and durable shape.

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Thake, Conrad. "Envisioning the Orient: The New Muslim Cemetery in Malta." Muqarnas Online 33, no. 1 (November 14, 2016): 221–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22118993_03301p009.

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This paper analyzes a project for a new Muslim cemetery in Malta that was realized in 1873–74. It investigates the process of commissioning and implementing the project through an intricate set of relationships between the colonial authorities in Malta, then a British island-colony in the Mediterranean, and the Ottoman, Tunisian, and Moroccan authorities. It considers the key roles played by the various institutional agents and protagonists involved in conceptualizing and executing the project, from the Ottoman sultan Abdülaziz I, acting through his political and cultural interlocutor, the Ottoman consul Naoum Duhany, to Emanuele Luigi Galizia, the Maltese architect who designed the cemetery, and the British colonial authorities who permitted its construction. This paper also explores issues relating to the forms of neo-Ottoman architectural representation during the late nineteenth century, as it was actively promoted within a Western European cultural context and, in this case, on the peripheral edge, far removed from the traditional cosmopolitan urban centers. The Ottoman patronage of an overtly exotic and Orientalist building complex, “exported” to a British colonial outpost in the Mediterranean, gives rise to a series of political and ideological issues. This case study serves to provide broader and revisionary insights into the current discourse on Orientalism, not as a closed and binary system but rather as an open-ended and flexible form of artistic representation.

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Md Idris, Izra Inna, Mohamad Saleeh Rahamad, and Md Azalanshah Md Syed. "Saladin: The Animated Series sebagai wacana Orientalisme." Jurnal Pengajian Media Malaysia 19, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jpmm.vol19no1.1.

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This article analyzes the discourse of Orientalism in Saladin: The Animated Series for the first episode entitled Rising Star. Edward Said (1978) in his book Orientalism: Western Conceptions of the Orient (1978) opposed Western perspectives on the East and analyzed postcolonial literary works in historical and social contexts, and describes orientalist discrimination in speculating and specifying data sources for particular interests. This study draws on a series of animations directed by Steve Bristow that showcased the leading Islamic figure of the crusade, Sultan Salahuddin al-Ayubi (1137-1193) or known as Saladin by the Western world. Taking the personality of an Islamic character to be the main character in the animated series is something to be proud of, but the fact about Sultan Salahuddin al-Ayubi’s personality has been distorted in Saladin’s character. This study looked at the orientalist attacks on the personality of Sultan Salahuddin al-Ayubi and found that the Saladin’s character was portrayed as physically weak, shallow-minded, and disobedient to his father. The whole of this first episode shows the misrepresentation of facts and the distortion of the image of Salahuddin al-Ayubi.

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Dong, Zhijiao, Bingbing Yang, Zhifeng Fu, and Yan Shi. "Synthesis of Cationic Amphiphilic Block Copolymers Poly(4-vinylbenzyltriethylammonium chloride)-b-Poly(styrene) and Their Self-Assembly in Aqueous Solution." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 16, no. 4 (April 1, 2016): 4239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2016.10701.

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Well defined two kinds of cationic amphiphilic block copolymers Poly(4-vinylbenzyltriethylammonium chloride)-b-Poly(styrene) are synthesized by combining reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerizations and post-polymerization quaternization. Block copolymers are characterized by GPC and 1HNMR. The self-assembly behaviors of the block copolymers are studied, which are characterized by TEM. For Poly(4-vinylbenzyltriethylammonium chloride)13-b-Poly(styrene)136, crew-cut spherical micelles are obtained by using DMF as the initial common solvent, and the majority of the pearl series aggregates and a small amount of rod-like aggregates are all observed by using the mixture of DMF and THF as the initial common solvent. The formation process of rod-like aggregates is proposed in three steps: the micellization of copolymer chains, the formation of pearl series aggregates from the collision and fusion of individual initial spherical micelles, and the transformation from pearl series aggregates to rod-like aggregates. For Poly(4- vinylbenzyltriethylammonium chloride)18-b-Poly(styrene)370, large compound micelles and complicated spherical aggregates and small vesicles are all obtained. The formation process of small vesicles is also proposed in three steps: the formation of initial spherical micelles with some hydrophilic block Poly(4-vinylbenzyltriethylammonium chloride) embedded in the core, the removing of the outer layer common solvent, and solvent nucleation in the center. It should be noted that solvent nucleation is critical, because of the hydrophilic block Poly(4-vinylbenzyltriethylammonium chloride) and the common solvent and water embedded in the core of the initial spherical micelles.

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Zhang, Qiang, Xihui Gu, Vijay P. Singh, Peijun Shi, and Peng Sun. "More frequent flooding? Changes in flood frequency in the Pearl River basin, China, since 1951 and over the past 1000 years." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 5 (May 3, 2018): 2637–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2637-2018.

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Abstract. Flood risks across the Pearl River basin, China, were evaluated using a peak flood flow dataset covering a period of 1951–2014 from 78 stations and historical flood records of the past 1000 years. The generalized extreme value (GEV) model and the kernel estimation method were used to evaluate frequencies and risks of hazardous flood events. Results indicated that (1) no abrupt changes or significant trends could be detected in peak flood flow series at most of the stations, and only 16 out of 78 stations exhibited significant peak flood flow changes with change points around 1990. Peak flood flow in the West River basin increased and significant increasing trends were identified during 1981–2010; decreasing peak flood flow was found in coastal regions and significant trends were observed during 1951–2014 and 1966–2014. (2) The largest three flood events were found to cluster in both space and time. Generally, basin-scale flood hazards can be expected in the West and North River basins. (3) The occurrence rate of floods increased in the middle Pearl River basin but decreased in the lower Pearl River basin. However, hazardous flood events were observed in the middle and lower Pearl River basin, and this is particularly true for the past 100 years. However, precipitation extremes were subject to moderate variations and human activities, such as building of levees, channelization of river systems, and rapid urbanization; these were the factors behind the amplification of floods in the middle and lower Pearl River basin, posing serious challenges for developing measures of mitigation of flood hazards in the lower Pearl River basin, particularly the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region.

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Nedorost, Susan T. "Medical Pearl: The evaluation of perioral dermatitis: Use of an extended patch test series." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 56, no. 5 (May 2007): S100—S102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2006.08.055.

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Podoler, Guy, and Pauline C. Lee. "Books Reviews." Acta Orientalia Vilnensia 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/aov.2011.0.1091.

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Guy Podoler. Monuments, Memory, and Identity: Constructing the Colonial Past in South Korea, Welten Ostasiens. Worlds of East Asia. Mondes de l‘Extrême- Orient 18, Bern: Peter Lang AG, 2011, 272 pp., num. ill. ISBN 978-3-0343-0660-7 (hardbound), € 52.80 Pauline C. Lee. Li Zhi 李贽, Confucianism and the Virtue of Desire, SUNY series in Chinese Philosophy and Culture, Albany: SUNY Press, 2012, pp. 202. ISBN 978-1-4384-3927-3 (hardcover), $75.00

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John, Mark, Harvey S. Smallman, and Michael B. Cowen. "Designing for the Task: Sometimes 2-D is Just Plane Better." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 21 (July 2000): 3–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004402108.

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There is a great military command and control need for better depiction of 3-D environments. Standard 2-D depictions can lead to inattention to altitude, especially for relative novices, and are generally inadequate. In a series of experiments we found that tasks requiring understanding the shapes of objects or terrain layout are much better performed using 3-D views, however tasks requiring precise judgments about the relative positions of objects or terrain locations were much better performed using 2-D views. We propose an interface concept called “Orient and Operate” for designing command and control displays. Users orient to the layout of a scene using a 3-D view, but then switch to 2-D views to interact or operate on it. In related work, we have found that 3-D icons are a mixed blessing: they are poor for identification, yet they code other attributes clearly (e.g. attitude), but this benefit is unrelated to 3-D depiction, per se.

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Niu, J., J. Chen, and B. Sivakumar. "Teleconnection analysis of runoff and soil moisture over the Pearl River basin in southern China." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 4 (April 23, 2014): 1475–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1475-2014.

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Abstract. This study explores the teleconnection of two climatic patterns, namely the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), with hydrological processes over the Pearl River basin in southern China, particularly on a sub-basin-scale basis. The Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model is used to simulate the daily hydrological processes over the basin for the study period 1952–2000, and then, using the simulation results, the time series of the monthly runoff and soil moisture anomalies for its ten sub-basins are aggregated. Wavelet analysis is performed to explore the variability properties of these time series at 49 timescales ranging from 2 months to 9 yr. Use of the wavelet coherence and rank correlation method reveals that the dominant variabilities of the time series of runoff and soil moisture are basically correlated with IOD. The influences of ENSO on the terrestrial hydrological processes are mainly found in the eastern sub-basins. The teleconnections between climatic patterns and hydrological variability also serve as a reference for inferences on the occurrence of extreme hydrological events (e.g., floods and droughts).

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Niu, J., J. Chen, and B. Sivakumar. "Teleconnection analysis of runoff and soil moisture over the Pearl River basin in South China." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 9 (September 30, 2013): 11943–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-11943-2013.

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Abstract. This study explores the teleconnection of two climatic patterns, namely the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), with hydrological processes over the Pearl River basin in South China. The Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model is used to simulate the daily hydrological processes over the basin for the study period 1952–2000, and then, using the simulation results, the time series of the monthly runoff and soil moisture anomalies for its ten sub-basins are aggregated. Wavelet analysis is performed to explore the variability properties of these time series at 49 timescales ranging from 2 months to 9 yr. Use of wavelet coherence and rank correlation method reveals that the dominant variabilities of the time series of runoff and soil moisture are basically correlated with IOD. The influences of ENSO on the terrestrial hydrological processes are mainly found in the eastern sub-basins. The teleconnections between climatic patterns and hydrological variability also serve as a reference basis for inferences on the occurrence of extreme hydrological events (e.g. floods and droughts).

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Li, Huiru, Aimin Song, Hehuan Liu, Yi Li, Mingyang Liu, Guoying Sheng, Ping’an Peng, and Guangguo Ying. "Occurrence of Dechlorane series flame retardants in sediments from the Pearl River Delta, South China." Environmental Pollution 279 (June 2021): 116902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116902.

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Sample, Hope C. "Kant’s Transcendental Idealism About Time: a Neglected Alternative." Kant-Studien 110, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 413–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kant-2019-3004.

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Abstract When interpreters orient Kant’s philosophy of time in relation to McTaggart’s distinction among different ways of characterizing a temporal order, they claim that he is best described as endorsing an A series position according to which there is a metaphysically privileged present that determines the past and the future. Whether Kant might also be understood as a proponent of the B series - according to which there is no privileged present, but rather time is comprised of relations of earlier than, later than, and simultaneity - has not been discussed in the literature. I argue that, for Kant, the appearances can be described as an A series, while the phenomena are to be understood as a B series, neither of which is more fundamental than the other. Contra a common approach in the literature that neglects a metaphysical difference between appearances and phenomena, I argue Kant’s transcendental idealism about time is best understood in relation to his account of appearances and phenomena.

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Chen, Kellen, Andrea Vigliotti, Mattia Bacca, Robert M. McMeeking, Vikram S. Deshpande, and Jeffrey W. Holmes. "Role of boundary conditions in determining cell alignment in response to stretch." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 5 (January 17, 2018): 986–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1715059115.

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The ability of cells to orient in response to mechanical stimuli is essential to embryonic development, cell migration, mechanotransduction, and other critical physiologic functions in a range of organs. Endothelial cells, fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, and osteoblasts all orient perpendicular to an applied cyclic stretch when plated on stretchable elastic substrates, suggesting a common underlying mechanism. However, many of these same cells orient parallel to stretch in vivo and in 3D culture, and a compelling explanation for the different orientation responses in 2D and 3D has remained elusive. Here, we conducted a series of experiments designed specifically to test the hypothesis that differences in strains transverse to the primary loading direction give rise to the different alignment patterns observed in 2D and 3D cyclic stretch experiments (“strain avoidance”). We found that, in static or low-frequency stretch conditions, cell alignment in fibroblast-populated collagen gels correlated with the presence or absence of a restraining boundary condition rather than with compaction strains. Cyclic stretch could induce perpendicular alignment in 3D culture but only at frequencies an order of magnitude greater than reported to induce perpendicular alignment in 2D. We modified a published model of stress fiber dynamics and were able to reproduce our experimental findings across all conditions tested as well as published data from 2D cyclic stretch experiments. These experimental and model results suggest an explanation for the apparently contradictory alignment responses of cells subjected to cyclic stretch on 2D membranes and in 3D gels.

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Zhang, Jin Qu. "A Time-Series Analysis of Land Surface Temperature in Macao, China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 58-60 (June 2011): 1119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.58-60.1119.

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Macao city located in the Pearl River delta, China, was chosen to study the effect of urban heat island and its time-series analysis of land surface temperature (LST) in spatial expansion. The LST was analyzed by a temperature separation method based on statistical results. In the case of urban area, it was composed by three parts: downtown and old built-up areas with high-density buildings and dwellings, new built-up areas and developing site. The trend of city development was studied that the developing site would become to be new built-up areas and the formerly new built-up areas would become to be the downtown and old built-up areas. These three parts stand for different stages of a city.

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Almond, Ian. "Terrible Turks, Bedouin Poets, and Prussian Prophets: The Shifting Place of Islam in Herder's Thought." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 123, no. 1 (January 2008): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2008.123.1.57.

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In an examination of the varied responses to the Muslim Orient by the eighteenth-century German thinker Johann Gottfried von Herder, I try to locate the multiple identities he displayed in his treatment of Turks, the Koran, Arab thought, and the doctrines of Islam. What emerges is a series of different voices, employing different registers of language: a Christian response to Islam as a rival revelation-based monotheism (but, at the same time, a more sympathetic Protestant privileging of “Muhammadanism” as a belief system preferable to “papism”); a poetic register, in which “Muhammadans” move from spiritual ignorance to a status of aesthetic desirability; a philological response to the Muslim Orient, one whose emphasis on the Middle Eastern origins of European literature would assist Herder's project of the reprovincialization of Europe; and a nationalist vocabulary, one that would see the rise of Islam as a model for the emergence of Herder's German nation but that would also, paradoxically, express a Turcophobia that demonizes the Ottomans into the other of civilization.

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Gotsulskyi, V. Ya, N. P. Malomuzh, and V. E. Chechko. "Extraordinary Properties of Alcohols from the Homologous Series of Methanol." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 65, no. 1 (February 3, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe65.1.31.

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Non-trivial properties of thermodynamic quantities such as the density, the critical and triple point temperatures, and their ratio, as well as the optical and dielectric properties, have been analyzed for primary alcohols from the methanol series. The aim is to reveal relationships among their values measured at the same temperatures for alcohols with different ordinal numbers m’s in the methanol series. It is shown that the non-monotonic character of the temperature dependences of alcohol densities is associated with methanol rather than ethanol, as may seem at first glance. The critical temperature of methanol also deviates from the quasilinear dependence of the critical alcohol temperatures on m. With the growing m, the ratio between the critical and triple-point temperatures for alcohols is shown to tend to the corresponding value for water. Simple linear dependences of the electronic and effective static polarizabilities of alcohol molecules on m are established. The transverse and longitudinal components of the polarizability tensor for alcohol molecules are found. The dipole moments of the closest neighbor molecules in the alcohols are proved to anticorrelate, i.e. to orient in opposite directions.

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Viatte, C., K. Strong, K. A. Walker, and J. R. Drummond. "Five years of CO, HCN, C2H6, C2H2, CH3OH, HCOOH and H2CO total columns measured in the Canadian high Arctic." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7, no. 6 (June 3, 2014): 1547–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1547-2014.

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Abstract. We present a five-year time series of seven tropospheric species measured using a ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL; Eureka, Nunavut, Canada; 80°05' N, 86°42' W) from 2007 to 2011. Total columns and temporal variabilities of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and ethane (C2H6) as well as the first derived total columns at Eureka of acetylene (C2H2), methanol (CH3OH), formic acid (HCOOH) and formaldehyde (H2CO) are investigated, providing a new data set in the sparsely sampled high latitudes. Total columns are obtained using the SFIT2 retrieval algorithm based on the optimal estimation method. The microwindows as well as the a priori profiles and variabilities are selected to optimize the information content of the retrievals, and error analyses are performed for all seven species. Our retrievals show good sensitivities in the troposphere. The seasonal amplitudes of the time series, ranging from 34 to 104%, are captured while using a single a priori profile for each species. The time series of the CO, C2H6 and C2H2 total columns at PEARL exhibit strong seasonal cycles with maxima in winter and minima in summer, in opposite phase to the HCN, CH3OH, HCOOH and H2CO time series. These cycles result from the relative contributions of the photochemistry, oxidation and transport as well as biogenic and biomass burning emissions. Comparisons of the FTIR partial columns with coincident satellite measurements by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) show good agreement. The correlation coefficients and the slopes range from 0.56 to 0.97 and 0.50 to 3.35, respectively, for the seven target species. Our new data set is compared to previous measurements found in the literature to assess atmospheric budgets of these tropospheric species in the high Arctic. The CO and C2H6concentrations are consistent with negative trends observed over the Northern Hemisphere, attributed to fossil fuel emission decrease. The importance of poleward transport for the atmospheric budgets of HCN and C2H2 is highlighted. Columns and variabilities of CH3OH and HCOOH at PEARL are comparable to previous measurements performed at other remote sites. However, the small columns of H2CO in early May might reflect its large atmospheric variability and/or the effect of the updated spectroscopic parameters used in our retrievals. Overall, emissions from biomass burning contribute to the day-to-day variabilities of the seven tropospheric species observed at Eureka.

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Wang, Jia-Lin, Chieh-Heng Wang, Cheng-Hsun Lai, Chih-Chung Chang, Ying Liu, Yuanhang Zhang, Shaw Liu, and Min Shao. "Characterization of ozone precursors in the Pearl River Delta by time series observation of non-methane hydrocarbons." Atmospheric Environment 42, no. 25 (August 2008): 6233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.01.050.

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Manabe, H., S. Fujita, T. Hatayama, and S. Suzuki. "Coil Embolization for Ruptured Dissection on the Vertebral Artery Distal to the Origin of Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery." Interventional Neuroradiology 5, no. 1_suppl (November 1999): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15910199990050s134.

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Although many surgical or endovascular treatments for ruptured vertebral dissection have been reported, the best treatment remains controversial. Recently endovascular vertebral occlusion using coils has been reported, the appropriate occlusion site has not yet been fully discussed. Five cases of ruptured vertebral dissection located distally to the origin of posterior inferior cerebellar artery were occluded by platinum coil packing in the angiographical “pearl” portion or “fusiform dilatation” together with its proximal vertebral artery. All dissections were occluded completely together with occlusion of distal portion of vertebral artery to PICA's origin. No complications related to procedure were seen in this series. Occlusion of rupture point with preserving tiny perforators arising from vertebral artery would be an ideal method for this lesion. The present cases suggest that the short segment occlusion by coil packing in the angiographical “pearl” portion or “fusiform dilatation” together with its proximal vertebral artery would be near to the ideal.

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Tong, Ying, Liang Bao Jiao, and Xue Hong Cao. "A Novel HOG Descriptor with Spatial Multi-Scale Feature for FER." Applied Mechanics and Materials 596 (July 2014): 322–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.596.322.

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HOG Feature is an efficient edge information descriptor, but it ignores the spatial arrangement of local FER features. In this respect, this paper puts forward a spatial multi-scale model based on an improved HOG algorithm which uses canny operator instead of traditional gradient operator. After the image is divided into a series of sub-regions layer by layer, the histogram of orient gradients for each sub-region is calculated and connected in sequence to obtain the spatial multi-scale HOG feature of whole image. Compared with traditional HOG and the improved PHOG, the proposed SMS_HOG algorithm acquires 5% recognition rate improvement and 50% processing time reduction.

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Thomassen, Bjørn. "Notes towards an Anthropology of Political Revolutions." Comparative Studies in Society and History 54, no. 3 (July 2012): 679–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417512000278.

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AbstractWhile resistance and rebellion have remained core themes in anthropology at least since the 1960s, anthropologists have paid much less attention to the study of political revolutions as real historical events. Yet there are compelling real-world reasons why they should orient their analytical apparatus and ethnographic efforts towards revolutionary events. This article advances a series of reasons why anthropology can enrich and supplement existing political science and history traditions in the study of political revolutions. Anthropology can do so via key concepts developed by Victor Turner: “liminality,” “social drama,” “communitas,” “frame,” and “play.” Turner's ritual approach gains further relevance when linked to another series of concepts developed by Marcel Mauss, Gabriel Tarde, Georg Simmel, and Gregory Bateson, such as “imitation,” “trickster,” “schismogenesis,” and “crowd behavior.” To study revolutions implies not only a focus on political behavior “from below,” but also recognition of moments where “high and low” are relativized or subverted, and where the micro- and macro-levels fuse in critical conjunctions.

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Stiller, Dorothee, Marco Ottinger, and Patrick Leinenkugel. "Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Coastal Aquaculture Derived from Sentinel-1 Time Series Data and the Full Landsat Archive." Remote Sensing 11, no. 14 (July 18, 2019): 1707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11141707.

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Asia is the major contributor to global aquaculture production in quantity, accounting for almost 90%. These practices lead to extensive land-use and land-cover changes in coastal areas, and thus harm valuable and sensitive coastal ecosystems. Remote sensing and GIS technologies contribute to the mapping and monitoring of changes in aquaculture, providing essential information for coastal management applications. This study aims to investigate aquaculture expansion and spatio-temporal dynamics in two Chinese river deltas over three decades: the Yellow River Delta (YRD) and the Pearl River Delta (PRD). Long-term patterns of aquaculture change are extracted based on combining a reference layer on existing aquaculture ponds for 2015 derived from Sentinel-1 data with annual information on water bodies extracted from the long-term Landsat archive. Furthermore, the suitability of the proposed approach to be applied on a global scale is tested based on exploiting the Global Surface Water (GSW) dataset. We found enormous increases in aquaculture area for the investigated target deltas: an 18.6-fold increase for the YRD (1984–2016), and a 4.1-fold increase for the PRD (1990–2016). Furthermore, we detect hotspots of aquaculture expansion based on linear regression analyses for the deltas, indicating that hotspots are located in coastal regions for the YRD and along the Pearl River in the PRD. A comparison with high-resolution Google Earth data demonstrates that the proposed approach can detect spatio-temporal changes of aquaculture at an overall accuracy of 89%. The presented approach has the potential to be applied to larger spatial scales covering a time period of more than three decades. This is crucial to define appropriate management strategies to reduce the environmental impacts of aquaculture expansion, which are expected to increase in the future.

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Vijay, N., and G. C. Mishra. "Time Series Forecasting Using ARIMA and ANN Models for Production of Pearl Millet (BAJRA) Crop of Karnataka, India." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, no. 12 (December 10, 2018): 880–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.712.110.

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Ndunguru, B. J., and J. H. Williams. "The Impact of Varying Levels of Competition from Pearl Millet on the Yields of Groundnut Cultivars." Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 1 (January 1993): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001447970002038x.

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SummaryA series of trials investigated the response of a range of groundnut genotypes to varied levels of competition from millet in intercrop situations in both the Sahelian and Sudanian agro-climatic zones. No genotype interactions were observed in response to different millet population levels. Introducing millet into groundnut cultivation provided considerable benefits to the farmer, particularly at the less dense millet populations, but the introduction of groundnut into millet cropping consistently reduced the yield of millet, with little gain in groundnut yields.

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Liu, Fenfen, Tonghui Zhang, Haibin Ye, and Shilin Tang. "Using Satellite Remote Sensing to Study the Effect of Sand Excavation on the Suspended Sediment in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge Region." Water 13, no. 4 (February 7, 2021): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040435.

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The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge crosses the Pearl River Estuary and is the largest bridge and tunnel project in the world. During the construction period of this project, the excessive suspended sediment was found in the construction region. The suspended sediment generated by sand excavation in the upstream was assumed to have a significant impact on the suspended sediment in the tunnel region. In this study, we assessed the impact of upstream sand excavation on the suspended sediment in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge construction area using Landsat OLI, ETM+, and TM data. Regional suspended sediment algorithms were developed for Landsat using a symbolic regression method based on data from in situ measurements in the study area from 2003 to 2014. A band shift was conducted on the remote sensing reflectance data from Landsat ETM+ and OLI to produce a time series of the suspended sediment concentrations that was internally consistent with that of the Landsat TM data. The suspended sediment distribution was extracted and used to compare under two different conditions, with and without sand excavation. The correlations of the time series of the suspended sediment concentrations in different regions in the surrounding waters, including the correlations between the construction regions and the sand excavation regions, were calculated. Our results indicated that the sand excavation north of the Pearl River Estuary had a limited impact on the surface suspended sediment concentrations in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge tunnel area.

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French, Ruth. "Reflection literacy." Language, Context and Text 1, no. 2 (July 22, 2019): 260–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/langct.00011.fre.

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Abstract Reflection literacy (Hasan 2011 [1996]) proposes that literacy education should orient learners towards critique and the creation of new knowledge. It is a vision for literacy education which deserves deeper consideration within the SFL community and beyond. A key component of reflection literacy is argued to be metalinguistic knowledge, which facilitates conscious reflection on meaning. This paper considers one way that reflection literacy might be enacted in elementary classrooms that are ‘tilted towards reflection’, arguing that dispositions of reflection can be developed from the early school years. Evidence is drawn from a series of case studies conducted in Sydney, Australia. Consideration is also given to how Hasan’s proposal might be used to develop future studies in the field.

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Wang, Xiaotong, Xiaorui Song, Tong Wang, Qihui Zhu, Guoying Miao, Yuanxin Chen, Xiaodong Fang, Huayong Que, Li Li, and Guofan Zhang. "Evolution and functional analysis of the Pif97 gene of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas." Current Zoology 59, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/59.1.109.

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Abstract Mollusc shell matrix proteins (SMPs) are important functional components embedded in the shell and play a role in shell formation. A SMP (Pif177) was identified previously from the nacreous layer of the Japanese pearl oyster Pinctada fucata, and its cleavage products (named pfPif97 and pfPif80 proteins) were found to bind to the chitin framework and induce aragonite crystal formation and orient the c axis. In this study, a homologue of pfPif177 was cloned from the mantle of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, containing the homologue of pfPif97 only and not pfPif80. This finding hints at the large divergence in gene structure between the two species. This homologue (cgPif97) shares characteristics with pfPif97, and suggests that the biological functions of these two proteins may be similar. The expression pattern of cgPif97 in different tissues and development stages indicates that it may play an important role in shell formation of the adult oyster. The morphology of the inner shell surface was affected by injected siRNA of cgPif97 and the calcite laths of the shell became thinner and narrower when the siRNA dose increased, suggesting that the cgPif97 gene plays an important role in calcite shell formation in C. gigas. In conclusion, we found evidence that the Pif177 gene evolved very fast but still retains a similar function among species.

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Gong, Wenping, Zhongyuan Lin, Yunzhen Chen, Zhaoyun Chen, and Heng Zhang. "Effect of winds and waves on salt intrusion in the Pearl River estuary." Ocean Science 14, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 139–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-14-139-2018.

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Abstract. Salt intrusion in the Pearl River estuary (PRE) is a dynamic process that is influenced by a range of factors and to date, few studies have examined the effects of winds and waves on salt intrusion in the PRE. We investigate these effects using the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system applied to the PRE. After careful validation, the model is used for a series of diagnostic simulations. It is revealed that the local wind considerably strengthens the salt intrusion by lowering the water level in the eastern part of the estuary and increasing the bottom landward flow. The remote wind increases the water mixing on the continental shelf, elevates the water level on the shelf and in the PRE and pumps saltier shelf water into the estuary by Ekman transport. Enhancement of the salt intrusion is comparable between the remote and local winds. Waves decrease the salt intrusion by increasing the water mixing. Sensitivity analysis shows that the axial down-estuary wind, is most efficient in driving increases in salt intrusion via wind straining effect.

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Miao, Ben-Ben, Su-Fang Niu, Ren-Xie Wu, Zhen-Bang Liang, Bao-Gui Tang, Yun Zhai, and Xue-Qi Xu. "Gene Expression Profile and Co-Expression Network of Pearl Gentian Grouper under Cold Stress by Integrating Illumina and PacBio Sequences." Animals 11, no. 6 (June 11, 2021): 1745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061745.

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Pearl gentian grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂) is a fish of high commercial value in the aquaculture industry in Asia. However, this hybrid fish is not cold-tolerant, and its molecular regulation mechanism underlying cold stress remains largely elusive. This study thus investigated the liver transcriptomic responses of pearl gentian grouper by comparing the gene expression of cold stress groups (20, 15, 12, and 12 °C for 6 h) with that of control group (25 °C) using PacBio SMRT-Seq and Illumina RNA-Seq technologies. In SMRT-Seq analysis, a total of 11,033 full-length transcripts were generated and used as reference sequences for further RNA-Seq analysis. In RNA-Seq analysis, 3271 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), two low-temperature specific modules (tan and blue modules), and two significantly expressed gene sets (profiles 0 and 19) were screened by differential expression analysis, weighted gene co-expression networks analysis (WGCNA), and short time-series expression miner (STEM), respectively. The intersection of the above analyses further revealed some key genes, such as PCK, ALDOB, FBP, G6pC, CPT1A, PPARα, SOCS3, PPP1CC, CYP2J, HMGCR, CDKN1B, and GADD45Bc. These genes were significantly enriched in carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, signal transduction, and endocrine system pathways. All these pathways were linked to biological functions relevant to cold adaptation, such as energy metabolism, stress-induced cell membrane changes, and transduction of stress signals. Taken together, our study explores an overall and complex regulation network of the functional genes in the liver of pearl gentian grouper, which could benefit the species in preventing damage caused by cold stress.

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Yu, S., F. Liu, and Z. Zhang. "MONITORING POPULATION EVOLUTION IN THE PEARL RIVER DELTA FROM 2000 TO 2010." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 2173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-2173-2018.

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On behalf of more populous and developed regions in China, urban agglomerations have become important carries loading active economic activities and generous social benefits, and experienced sharper population increase, which results in great threat on local eco-environment construction. Therefore, exact and detailed population monitoring and analyzing, especially on the long sequence and multi frequency, is of great significance. The nighttime light time-series (NLT) products has been proven to be one of the most useful remotely sensed imagery to acquire persons at 1&thinsp;km&thinsp;&times;&thinsp;1&thinsp;km scales. However, the existed problems, such as light saturation and blooming, greatly limit the accuracy of estimated results. Furthermore, it’s difficult to spatialize population at km2 level due to the lack of basic data in non-census years. In order to solve all problems mentioned above, the populous Pearl River Delta was selected as the study area. A new residential extent extraction index (REEI) was proposed to solve light saturation and blooming problems. Population spatialization methods in census and non-census years were applied to acquire detailed population distribution from 2000 to 2010. Results showed the feasibility of the proposed methods in this work. During the decade, population was denser in the central PRD and sparser in the eastern, western and northern PRD. The speed of population increase was various in nine cities, but faster in 2000&ndash;2005 than 2005&ndash;2010.

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Wang, Lei, Qing Cui, Xiao-Fang Chen, Yang Li, Zheng-Qiang Li, Dong Wang, and Huai Yang. "Novel Electric Responsive Columnar Liquid Crystals based on Perylene Tetra sec-alkyl Ester Derivatives." Australian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 6 (2013): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch13057.

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A series of novel perylene tetra sec-alkyl ester compounds were successfully designed and synthesised. The photophysical properties were investigated and the UV absorption and fluorescence emission spectra displayed a mirror-image relationship. The compound PS8 showed the highest fluorescent quantum yield, while the fluorescence of PS8 was quenched in the aggregated state in mixed solvents. Moreover, the electrochemical properties of the perylene derivatives were studied to determine the molecules’ highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels by cyclic voltammetry. The most important result was that PS8 exhibited a columnar phase at room temperature and was responsive to an electric field. PS8 could perpendicularly orient to an applied electric field. In addition, highly oriented face-on alignment was achieved on indium tin oxide-covered glass by thermal annealing.

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Bi, L., B. L. Fu, P. Q. Lou, and T. Y. Tang. "DELINEATION WATER OF PEARL RIVER BASIN USING LANDSAT IMAGES FROM GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W10 (February 7, 2020): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w10-5-2020.

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Abstract. Surface water plays an important role in ecological circulation. Global climate change and urbanization affect the distribution and quality of water. In order to obtain surface water information quickly and accurately, this study uses Google Earth Engine (GEE) as a data processing tool, 309 Landsat 8 series images from 2016 to 2019 are selected to calculate 4 different water indexes, including Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Modified NDWI (MNDWI), Automated Water Extraction Index (AWEIsh) and Multi- Band Water Index (MBWI) to extract surface water in Pearl River Basin. In order to remove the influence of other ground objects, Normalized Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Building Index (NDBI) and Digital Surface Model (DSM) are combined with the above four water indexes, and threshold segmentation is used to eliminate the influence of vegetation, buildings and mountains. Finally, take the advantage of morphological filtering algorithm to eliminate non-water pixels. The results show that GEE is able to extract surface water in a very short time; AWEIsh has the highest overall accuracy of 94.12%, which is 7.20% higher than the classical NDWI method; There is no significant difference in the width and shape of rivers from 2015 to 2018; The locations of the rivers extracted by the four methods are consistent with the 1 : 100,000 river system basic data of 2015 provided by the Ministry of Water Resources of the People’s Republic of China.

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Tuathail, G. Ó. "‘Pearl Harbor without Bombs’: A Critical Geopolitics of the US—Japan ‘FSX’ Debate." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 24, no. 7 (July 1992): 975–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a240975.

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In the spring of 1989 a proposed fighter-aircraft codevelopment and coproduction deal between General Dynamics and Mitsubishi Heavy Industry presented the Bush administration with its first foreign policy crisis. The deal to construct a modified version of General Dynamic's F-16 called the FSX (fighter support experimental) for the Japanese government with use of US technology was first approved by the Reagan administration and subsequently revised and supported by the Bush administration. The submission of the deal to Congress for approval by the Bush administration on 1 May 1989 provided the occasion for a sustained and wide-ranging debate within the US political system over the role of the USA in a changing world order. For many the question of the FSX fighter was symbolic of a series of larger issues which confronted the USA. Could the USA continue to conceptualize national security in geopolitical terms when its leading ally was also its leading competitor in world markets? Was the most significant threat to the USA from an East-West struggle with the Soviet Union, or with Japan? This paper is a critical geopolitics of the FSX debate in which the conflicting geographical scripts of Japan as both ally and threat are investigated. The debate provides a window into a larger struggle within the USA between an emergent geo-economic definition of national security and an increasingly materially unsustainable geopolitical vision of the US role in the world.

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Quandt, William B. "Which Lessons Matter?: American Foreign Policy Decision Making in the Middle East, 1979–1987. By Christopher R. Hemmer. Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 2000. 217p. $17.95 cloth, $55.50 paper." American Political Science Review 96, no. 3 (September 2002): 686–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055402990362.

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At least since Ernest May's influential (1973) ‘Lessons’ of the Past, students of American foreign policy have been conscious of the powerful hold that some analogies seem to have on the minds of decision makers. All of us can think of “Munich” and “Vietnam” as shorthand for a whole series of judgments that we rely on to work through the maze of foreign policy calculus. In the aftermath of the World Trade Center attack in September 2001, we heard reference to “Pearl Harbor.” And we can now anticipate that “9-11” will take its place as a marker for a set of lessons concerning the struggle against terrorism.

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Watson, R. Scott, P. Pearl O'Rourke, and Robert H. Bartlett. "The Bartlett et al extracorporeal membrane oxygenation case series from 1977, with expert commentary provided by Dr P. Pearl O'Rourke." Journal of Critical Care 21, no. 2 (June 2006): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2006.03.001.

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Zhang, Lei, and Qihao Weng. "Annual dynamics of impervious surface in the Pearl River Delta, China, from 1988 to 2013, using time series Landsat imagery." ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 113 (March 2016): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2016.01.003.

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Kaushik, Nutan, Carmen E. Díaz, Hemraj Chhipa, L. Fernando Julio, M. Fe Andrés, and Azucena González-Coloma. "Chemical Composition of an Aphid Antifeedant Extract from an Endophytic Fungus, Trichoderma sp. EFI671." Microorganisms 8, no. 3 (March 17, 2020): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8030420.

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Botanical and fungal biopesticides, including endophytes, are in high demand given the current restrictive legislations on the use of chemical pesticides. As part of an ongoing search for new biopesticides, a series of fungal endophytes have been isolated from selected medicinal plants including Lauraceae species. In the current study, an extract from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma sp. EFI 671, isolated from the stem parts of the medicinal plant Laurus sp., was screened for bioactivity against plant pathogens (Fusarium graminearum, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea), insect pests (Spodoptera littoralis, Myzus persicae, Rhopalosiphum padi) and plant parasites (Meloidogyne javanica), with positive results against M. persicae. The chemical study of the neutral fraction of the active hexane extract resulted in the isolation of a triglyceride mixture (m1), eburicol (2), β-sitostenone (3), ergosterol (4) and ergosterol peroxide (5). The free fatty acids present in the acid fraction of the extract and in m1 (oleic, linoleic, palmitic and stearic) showed strong dose-dependent antifeedant effects against M. persicae. Liquid (potato dextrose broth, PDB and Sabouraud Broth, SDB) and solid (corn, sorghum, pearl millet and rice) growth media were tested in order to optimize the yield and bioactivity of the fungal extracts. Pearl millet and corn gave the highest extract yields. All the extracts from these solid media had strong effects against M. persicae, with sorghum being the most active. Corn media increased the methyl linoleate content of the extract, pearl millet media increased the oleic acid and sorghum media increased the oleic and linoleic acids compared to rice. The antifeedant effects of these extracts correlated with their content in methyl linoleate and linoleic acid. The phytotoxic effects of these extracts against ryegrass, Lolium perenne, and lettuce, Lactuca sativa, varied with culture media, with sorghum being non- toxic.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pearl of the Orient Series'

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