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Journal articles on the topic 'Pearl River Estuary'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Gao, Feng, Yunpeng Wang, Xinyi Hu, Chao Xu, and Ned Horning. "Spatiotemporal variations of total suspended matter (TSM) in the Pearl River estuary using MERIS full-resolution (FR) level-2 TSM product." Marine and Freshwater Research 70, no. 8 (2019): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18111.

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In this study, we first use self-organising map (SOM) and medium-resolution imaging spectrometer (MERIS) full-resolution (FR) level-2 total suspended matter (TSM) product to identify spatial-distribution patterns of TSM concentration in the Pearl River estuary. Second, the spatial and temporal variation of TSM concentration in the Pearl River estuary was investigated using 9-year (2003–2011) MERIS FR level-2 TSM products. The spatial-distribution patterns of TSM concentration identified by SOM in the Pearl River estuary showed that there are high values in west and north and low values in east and south. On the basis of the analysis of the sample points randomly extracted from the Pearl River estuary, the results showed that the spatial variation of TSM in eight gates varied greatly, and the Lingdingyang Bay from Humen to offshore waters (i.e. Xitan, Zhongtan and Dongtan) presents a decreasing trend. Moreover, extreme climate events (e.g. EI Niño and La Niña) may have a great effect on spatial and temporal variation of TSM concentration in the Pearl River estuary. These results could provide a new insight for a better understanding of the dynamics of TSM concentration in the Pearl River estuary and the effect of soil- and water-conservation measures in the upstream of Pearl River.

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2

He, Jie, and Wen Jie Xin. "Hydrodynamic Impact on Pearl River Estuary from HZM Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 488-489 (January 2014): 475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.488-489.475.

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The HZM(Hongkong-Zhuhai-Macao) bridge connects Hongkong, Zhuhai and Macao district, and it strctchs across the Pearl River estuary. A lot of piers and three large artifical islands would have some impact on the hydrodynamic environment in the Pear River estuary. In this paper, a 2D tidal current numerical model is introduced to simulate the hydrodynamic impact from the HZM brdige. The simulated results show that the Hydrodynamic influence is concentrated on the 5.0 km range from downstream to upstream nearby the navigation zone and the 1.0 km range of bridge site in not-navigation zone, and the tidal range reduction is limited 0.03m and the tidal prism reduction is not more than 1% in the Lingding Sea after the HZM bridge constructed. Therefore, the HZM bridge has little influence on the distribution of hydrodynamic environment in the Pearl River estuary.

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3

Chau, K. W., and Y. W. Jiang. "3D Numerical Model for Pearl River Estuary." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 127, no. 1 (January 2001): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(2001)127:1(72).

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4

Chen, Jay-Chung, Gary W. Heinke, and Ming Jiang Zhou. "The Pearl River Estuary Pollution Project (PREPP)." Continental Shelf Research 24, no. 16 (October 2004): 1739–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2004.06.004.

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5

Hou, Lei, Xiabing Xie, Xianhui Wan, Shuh-Ji Kao, Nianzhi Jiao, and Yao Zhang. "Niche differentiation of ammonia and nitrite oxidizers along a salinity gradient from the Pearl River estuary to the South China Sea." Biogeosciences 15, no. 16 (August 29, 2018): 5169–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5169-2018.

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Abstract. The niche differentiation of ammonia and nitrite oxidizers is controversial because they display disparate patterns in estuarine, coastal, and oceanic regimes. We analyzed diversity and abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and β-proteobacteria (AOB), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), and nitrification rates to identify their niche differentiation along a salinity gradient from the Pearl River estuary to the South China Sea. AOA were generally more abundant than β-AOB; however, AOB more clearly attached to particles compared with AOA in the upper reaches of the Pearl River estuary. The NOB Nitrospira had higher abundances in the upper and middle reaches of the Pearl River estuary, while Nitrospina was dominant in the lower estuary. In addition, AOB and Nitrospira could be more active than AOA and Nitrospina since significantly positive correlations were observed between their gene abundance and the nitrification rate in the Pearl River estuary. There is a significant positive correlation between ammonia and nitrite oxidizer abundances in the hypoxic waters of the estuary, suggesting a possible coupling through metabolic interactions between them. Phylogenetic analysis further revealed that the AOA and NOB Nitrospina subgroups can be separated into different niches based on their adaptations to substrate levels. Water mass mixing is apparently crucial in regulating the distribution of nitrifiers from the estuary to open ocean. However, when eliminating water mass effect, the substrate availability and the nitrifiers' adaptations to substrate availability via their ecological strategies essentially determine their niche differentiation.

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6

Harrison, Paul J., Kedong Yin, J. H. W. Lee, Jianping Gan, and Hongbin Liu. "Physical–biological coupling in the Pearl River Estuary." Continental Shelf Research 28, no. 12 (July 2008): 1405–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2007.02.011.

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7

Wei, He, Long Hua Gao, He Qin Chen, and Jiu Fa Li. "Study on Discharge Distribution Ratio Variation of Main Connection Nodes in Pearl River Delta, in Wet Season, China." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 1883–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.1883.

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In recent years,with the high speed development of economy in Pearl River delta, infrastructure investment for water resource,traffic,environmental protection is growing.It is increasingly urgent for understanding river nets system and discharge distribution ratio variation of main connection nodes.Discharge distribution ratio of each nodes is relative to the runoff of upper boundary and the tidal power of lower boundary.The Pearl River estuary is divided into far mouth section,near mouth section and estuary section.Discharge distribution ratio of every section varieties with upper and lower boundary conditions.In this paper,Based on the observational data of June in 1998 and June in 2005,combining with history data,analysis discharge distribution ratio variation of main connection nodes of the Pearl River delta.and set up a mathematical model to simulate flow variation characters.The conclusion is, in recent years Discharge distribution ratio of the east four outlets increases, namely the ratio of West River flowing into North River and North River into the main channel of the Pearl River.with the flood discharge increasing,The ratio of the longitudinal branches occupies the smaller proportion than that of latitude branches.

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8

Niu, Anyi, Jiaojiao Ma, Yifei Gao, Songjun Xu, and Chuxia Lin. "Mangrove Soil-Borne Trace Elements in Qi’ao Island: Implications for Understanding Terrestrial Input of Trace Elements into Part of the Pearl River Estuary." Applied Sciences 10, no. 7 (April 3, 2020): 2439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072439.

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An investigation was conducted to characterize the trace element status of mangrove soils of Qi’ao Island in the Pearl River estuary. The results show that the spatial variation in the soil-borne trace elements in the investigated area was minor and most of the trace elements were at a level higher than those in other mangrove wetlands around the world, suggesting the mangrove soils of Qi’ao Island were heavily contaminated by trace elements transported from the Pearl River in the past two decades. Zn was closely related to Pb, Cu, Cd, and As, while some trace elements were not closely related to each other, indicating that they were derived from different sources. An integrated Nemerow pollution index of the surface soils at the 17 sampling locations ranged from 7.53 to 48.42, values which all fall within the highest pollution category. Among the 17 sampling locations, six locations had an ecological risk index (ERI) greater than 300, and 12 locations had an Ecological Risk Index (ERI) greater than 600, indicating that most of the investigated locations were at high or very high ecological risk. The findings obtained from this study have implications for understanding the terrestrial inputs of trace elements into part of the Pearl River estuary. This understanding can be used to guide the development of management strategies for controlling the discharges of trace elements from the catchment area and managing the aquatic ecosystems in the Pearl River Estuary.

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9

Long, Yingxian, Qiang Sun, and Kun Yang. "Research on Trend of Nutrients and its Response to Human Activities in the Pearl River Estuary." E3S Web of Conferences 145 (2020): 02081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014502081.

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This is a research on the change of nutrients and its structure in the Pearl River Estuary by the principal component analysis (PCA) according to the data and materials on water quality observation in the last 30 years around the Pearl River Estuary. Results showed that inorganic nitrogen (DIN) presented an obvious increase trend in the last 30 years, while phosphate and silicate presented an outstanding decrease trend in this area by the influence of human activities. The average N/P ratio increased by 1.44 times, the Si/N ratio decreased by 66.8%, the Si/P ratio decreased by 18.5%, and the structure of nutrients changed significantly. According to the results of PCA, the first two principal components (PC) were extracted. PC1 was associated with GDP, population, industrial output value and wastewater discharge, which explained 80.9% of the variance. PC2 was characterized by cultivated land area, which explained 14.6% of the variance. It indicates that the change of nutrients content and structure in the Pearl River Estuary was closely related to economic development and industrial pollution discharge, and the effect of the change of land use and land cover on the change of nutrients should not be ignored.

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10

Dai, M., L. Wang, X. Guo, W. Zhai, Q. Li, B. He, and S. J. Kao. "Nitrification and inorganic nitrogen distribution in a large perturbed river/estuarine system: the Pearl River Estuary, China." Biogeosciences 5, no. 5 (September 3, 2008): 1227–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-1227-2008.

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Abstract. We investigated the spatial distribution and seasonal variation of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in a large perturbed estuary, the Pearl River Estuary, based on three cruises conducted in winter (January 2005), summer (August 2005) and spring (March 2006). On-site incubation was also carried out for determining ammonium and nitrite oxidation rates (nitrification rates). We observed a year-round pattern of dramatic decrease in NH4+, increase in NO3−, but insignificant change in NO2− in the upper estuary at salinity ~0–5. However, species and concentrations of inorganic nitrogen at upper estuary significantly changed with season. In winter, with low runoff, the most upper reach of the Pearl River Estuary showed relatively low rates of ammonia oxidation (0–5.4 μmol N L−1 d−1) and nitrite oxidation (0–5.2 μmol N L−1 d−1), accompanied by extremely high concentrations of ammonia (up to >800 μmol L−1) and nitrate (up to >300 μmol L−1). In summer, the upper estuary showed higher nitrification rates (ammonia oxidation rate ~1.5–33.1 μmol N L−1 d−1, nitrite oxidation rate ~0.6–32.0 μmol N L−1 d−1) with lower concentrations of ammonia (<350 μmol L−1) and nitrate (<120 μmol L−1). The Most Probable Number test showed relatively lower nitrifier abundance in summer at most sampling stations, indicating a greater specific nitrification rate per cell in the warm season. Temperature appeared to control nitrification rates to a large degree in different seasons. Spatial variability of nitrification rates appeared to be controlled by a combination of many other factors such as nutrient concentrations, nitrifier abundance and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. In addition to aerobic respiration, nitrification contributed significantly to the consumption of DO and production of free CO2 at upper estuary. Nitrification-induced consumption accounted for up to approximately one third of the total water column community DO consumption in the upper estuary during the surveyed periods, boosting environmental stress on this large estuarine ecosystem.

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11

Zhang, Zhiming, Baoshan Cui, Hui Zhao, Xiaoyun Fan, and Honggang Zhang. "Discharge-salinity relationships in Modaomen waterway, Pearl River estuary." Procedia Environmental Sciences 2 (2010): 1235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2010.10.134.

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12

Duan, Li, Jia-ling Li, Xin Li, Lei Dong, Bao-Zhu Fang, Min Xiao, Xiaozhen Mou, and Wen-Jun Li. "Roseibium aestuarii sp. nov., isolated from Pearl River Estuary." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 2896–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004116.

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A novel bacterium, designated strain SYSU M00256-3T, was isolated from a water sample collected from Pearl River Estuary at Guangzhou, PR China. Its taxonomic position was determined by using a polyphasic approach. Cells of the strain were Gram-staining-negative, motile, aerobic and rod-shaped with peritrichous flagella. It could grow at 15–45 °C, pH 4.0–10.0 and in the presence of 0–7.5 % (w/v) NaCl. The chemotaxonomic features of strain SYSU M00256-3T included ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the sole respiratory quinone; phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid as major polar lipids; summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and C18 : 1 ω6c) as the predominant fatty acids (>70 %). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SYSU M00256-3T was most closely related to the type strains of Roseibium hamelinense CGMCC 1.12584T (97.7 %) and R. aquae CGMCC 1.12426T (97.2 %), R. sediminis KCTC 52373T (96.7 %), R. denhamense CGMCC 1.12583T (96.4 %). The average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between R. aestuarii SYSU M00256-3T and R. hamelinense CGMCC 1.12584T, R. aquae CGMCC 1.12426T, R. denhamense CGMCC 1.12583T and R. sediminis KCTC 52373T were 78.0, 78.2, 77.7 and 78.8, and the dDDH value is 20.0, 20.8, 20.1 and 20.6 correspondingly. Based on the analyses of the phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain SYSU M00256-3T is characterized to represent a novel species of the genus Roseibium , for which the name Roseibium aestuarii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SYSU M00256-3T (=NBRC 112946T=CGMCC 1.16156T).

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13

Zhou, Wei, Lin Luo, Hongzhou Xu, and Dongxiao Wang. "Saltwater intrusion in the Pearl River Estuary during winter." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14634988.2012.649238.

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14

Xiping, Zhou, Li Zhen, Wu Peifang, Wu Xi, Chen Yixin, Liu Kangge, Liu Dongyan, Wang Yujue, and Wang Yueqi. "The structure of macrobenthic community in Pearl River Estuary." Biodiversity Science 27, no. 10 (2019): 1112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17520/biods.2018321.

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15

Bai, Peng, Yanzhen Gu, Peiliang Li, and Kejian Wu. "Tidal energy budget in the Zhujiang (Pearl River) Estuary." Acta Oceanologica Sinica 35, no. 5 (May 2016): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13131-016-0850-9.

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16

Mao, Qingwen, Ping Shi, Kedong Yin, Jianping Gan, and Yiquan Qi. "Tides and tidal currents in the Pearl River Estuary." Continental Shelf Research 24, no. 16 (October 2004): 1797–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2004.06.008.

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17

Zhou, Qing, Qinghua Gong, Zhongyu Sun, and Xulong Liu. "Long-Term Geomorphic Changes in the Coastal Profile of Lingding Bay in the Pearl River Estuary and the Response to Tides Since 1906." Journal of Disaster Research 11, no. 5 (October 1, 2016): 995–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2016.p0995.

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Lingding Bay in the Pearl River Estuary, located on the north coast of the South China Sea, experiences frequent storm surges caused by typhoons. The geomorphic features of the Pearl River Estuary have changed tremendously due to natural processes and human activities over the last century, and these changes have led to changes in the hydrodynamic environment, such as a reduced capacity for holding tides in the coastal zone. In this paper, the relation between geomorphic features and the capacity for holding tides is analyzed. In order to ascertain how historical landform change affects this capacity, we study the spatial morphology change of Lingding Bay in the Pearl River Estuary (since 1906) through the analysis of historical topographic maps and nautical charts. The shape index and fractal dimension were introduced as indicators to reflect coastline changes that have affected the tides. The tidal dissipation rate and tidal influx were found to describe a bay’s capacity to hold tides. The results show that, since 1906, the tidal influx and the tidal dissipation rate have decreased by about 14.11% and 23%, respectively, in the study area. We suppose that these changes could be attributed to geomorphic changes, primarily changes brought about by land reclamation projects.

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18

Hu, Xinyi, and Yunpeng Wang. "Coastline Fractal Dimension of Mainland, Island, and Estuaries Using Multi-temporal Landsat Remote Sensing Data from 1978 to 2018: A Case Study of the Pearl River Estuary Area." Remote Sensing 12, no. 15 (August 3, 2020): 2482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12152482.

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The Pearl River Estuary Area was selected for this study. For the past 40 years, it has been one of the most complex coasts in China, yet few studies have analyzed the complexity and variations of the area’s different coastlines. In this investigation, the coastlines of the Pearl River Estuary Area were extracted from multi-temporal Landsat remote sensing data from 1978, 1988, 1997, 2008, and 2018. The coastline of this area was classified into mainland, island, and estuarine. To obtain more detailed results of the mainland and island, we regarded this area as the main body, rezoned into different parts. The box-counting dimension was applied to compute the bidimensional (2D) fractal dimension. Coastline length and the fractal dimension of different types of coastline and different parts of the main body were calculated and compared. The fractal dimension of the Pearl River Estuary Area was found to have increased significantly, from 1.228 to 1.263, and coastline length also increased during the study period. The island and mainland showed the most complex coastlines, while estuaries showed the least complexity during the past forty years. A positive correlation was found between length and 2D-fractal dimension in some parts of the study area. Land reclamation had the strongest influence on fractal dimension variations.

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19

Yan, Muting, Huayue Nie, Kaihang Xu, Yuhui He, Yingtong Hu, Yumei Huang, and Jun Wang. "Microplastic abundance, distribution and composition in the Pearl River along Guangzhou city and Pearl River estuary, China." Chemosphere 217 (February 2019): 879–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.093.

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20

Tang, Minqiang, Zhiqiang Zhang, and Yuqing Xing. "Environment Monitoring of Offshore Sand Mining in Pearl River Estuary." Procedia Environmental Sciences 10 (2011): 1410–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2011.09.225.

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21

Chau, K. W., and Y. W. Jiang. "Three-dimensional pollutant transport model for the Pearl River Estuary." Water Research 36, no. 8 (April 2002): 2029–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(01)00400-6.

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22

Hong, Bo, Wenping Gong, Shiqiu Peng, Qiang Xie, Dongxiao Wang, Haobo Li, and Hongzhou Xu. "Characteristics of vertical exchange process in the Pearl River estuary." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 19, no. 3 (June 24, 2016): 286–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14634988.2016.1205438.

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23

Xia, Zhen, Peihong Jia, Shengzhong Ma, Kai Liang, Yaohong Shi, and Joanna J. Waniek. "Sedimentation in the Lingdingyang Bay, Pearl River Estuary, Southern China." Journal of Coastal Research 66 (June 2013): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/si_66_2.

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24

Jia, Peihong, Zhen Xia, Yong Yin, and Qiao Xue. "Lingdingyang Bay, Pearl River Estuary (China): geomorphological evolution and hydrodynamics." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 429, no. 1 (2016): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp429.14.

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25

Zhu, X., Z. He, and M. Deng. "Remote sensing monitoring of ocean colour in Pearl River estuary." International Journal of Remote Sensing 23, no. 20 (January 2002): 4487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160110107716.

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26

Chim, Man-Chung, Jiayi Pan, and Wenfeng Lai. "Modified optical remote sensing algorithms for the Pearl River Estuary." Frontiers of Earth Science 9, no. 4 (September 28, 2015): 732–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11707-015-0526-3.

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27

Heise, Bjoern, Jan Harff, Jie Ren, and Kai Liang. "Patterns of potential sediment erosion in the Pearl River Estuary." Journal of Marine Systems 82 (August 2010): S62—S82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2010.02.006.

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28

Chau, K. W. "Persistent organic pollution characterization of sediments in Pearl River estuary." Chemosphere 64, no. 9 (August 2006): 1545–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.11.060.

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29

Liu, Huan, and Jia-xue Wu. "Estimation of bed shear stresses in the pearl river estuary." China Ocean Engineering 29, no. 1 (January 25, 2015): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13344-015-0010-6.

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30

He, Jie, Ying Jun Sun, and Xin Sheng Zhao. "Numerical Model on Hydrodynamic Impact from HZM Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 2146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.2146.

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In this paper, a 2D model for the simulation of shallow water flow by convection and diffusion over variable bottom is presented, which is based on the FVM (finite volume method) over triangular unstructured grids. The format of Reo’s approximate Riemann is adopted to solve the flux terms. And the bed slope source term is treated by split in the form of the flux eigenvector. For the diffusion terms, the divergence theorem is employed to obtain the derivatives of a scalar variable on each triangular cell. The numerical model is adopted to simulate the hydrodynamic impact from HZM (Hongkong-Zhuhai-Macao) bridge on Pearl River estuary. The simulated results show that the HZM bridge has little influence on the distribution of hydrodynamic environment in the Pearl River estuary.

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31

Liu, Hewen, and Wenjia Wu. "Analysis of the influence of different soil properties on the strength characteristics of cement soil." E3S Web of Conferences 283 (2021): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128301010.

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When deep cement mixing method (DCM) uses cement as solidified material to treat marine soft foundation, the strength of soil is different due to the diversity of water content, void ratio and particle fineness. Based on the Pearl River Estuary DCM project, this paper uses a variety of PO.42.5 cement and marine soft soil in the Pearl River estuary area to carry out indoor mix proportion tests. There are four kinds of soil: flowing mud, silt, muddy soil and silt. The test results show that the strength of cement soil in different soil layers is diversity. The effect of cement solidification treatment on silt and muddy soil is good, followed by silt, and flowing mud is slightly poor. The selected PO.42.5 cement can meet the strength requirements of DCM.

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32

Luo, L., W. Zhou, and D. Wang. "Responses of the river plume to the external forcing in Pearl River Estuary." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14634988.2012.655549.

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33

Ren, Jie, Wei Li, and Yazhou Gao. "Analyzing dynamic characteristics of river plume in the Modaomen mouth, Pearl River estuary." Journal of Oceanography 76, no. 4 (February 17, 2020): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10872-020-00542-w.

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34

Ren, Jie, and Jiaxue Wu. "Sediment trapping by haloclines of a river plume in the Pearl River Estuary." Continental Shelf Research 82 (July 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2014.03.016.

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35

Wang, Hua, Wei Xu, and Xiaoming Wu. "Study on water environmental dispatch scheme for complex river network in Pearl River Estuary." MATEC Web of Conferences 246 (2018): 02031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824602031.

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In order to promote the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, we should take into account the improvement of regional water environment while developing economy in Pearl River Estuary area. The water environmental dispatch scheme of river network is an important part of water environment improvement, and the key technology of dispatch is to determine the appropriate dispatch path, timing, scale and mode. The Hengqin Central River is taken as the study area in the paper. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of Hengqin Central River, the characteristics of nearby tides and water environment, this paper determines the dispatching path of “diversion from the east to the west”, the time of diversion during flood tide and drainage during ebb tide, the dispatching mode of sluice control, the dispatching scale of more water exchange during spring tide and less water exchange during neap tides, and puts forward the landscape dispatching scheme and the dilution dispatching scheme. In this paper, the semiexchange period and the rate of water exchange are taken as the evaluation indexes, and the dispatching effects of different schemes are analyzed by simulating different control schemes through water quality and quantity models. The results show that the water exchange capacity of Hengqin Central River network will be greatly enhanced when the diversion and drainage amplitude increases. The research results provide reference for water quality protection and control in the Pearl River Estuary complex river network.

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36

Gong, Wenping, Zhongyuan Lin, Yunzhen Chen, Zhaoyun Chen, and Heng Zhang. "Effect of winds and waves on salt intrusion in the Pearl River estuary." Ocean Science 14, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 139–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-14-139-2018.

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Abstract. Salt intrusion in the Pearl River estuary (PRE) is a dynamic process that is influenced by a range of factors and to date, few studies have examined the effects of winds and waves on salt intrusion in the PRE. We investigate these effects using the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system applied to the PRE. After careful validation, the model is used for a series of diagnostic simulations. It is revealed that the local wind considerably strengthens the salt intrusion by lowering the water level in the eastern part of the estuary and increasing the bottom landward flow. The remote wind increases the water mixing on the continental shelf, elevates the water level on the shelf and in the PRE and pumps saltier shelf water into the estuary by Ekman transport. Enhancement of the salt intrusion is comparable between the remote and local winds. Waves decrease the salt intrusion by increasing the water mixing. Sensitivity analysis shows that the axial down-estuary wind, is most efficient in driving increases in salt intrusion via wind straining effect.

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37

Li, Siyang, Yilin Wang, Lihong Liu, Houwei Lai, Xiancan Zeng, Jianyu Chen, Chang Liu, and Qijin Luo. "Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Microplastics in a Coastal Region of the Pearl River Estuary, China." Water 13, no. 12 (June 8, 2021): 1618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13121618.

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This study conducted an analysis of microplastics (MPs) pollution in a coastal region of the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) in the South China Sea. The results show that the abundance of MPs during the rainy season reached 545.5 particles m−3, which was 1.85-fold higher than during the dry season. The spatial distribution of MPs also varied offshore in the following order: the river > estuary > sea. The average abundance of MPs in the river was 1.17-fold higher than that of the estuary and 4.65-fold higher than that of the marine environment. There were large amounts of gray, white, and green MPs, and about 53.5–73.9% of the MPs were less than 0.5 mm. The main forms of MPs were fibers, granules, fragments, and films. MPs composed of polyethylene accounted for 35.7–38.8%. PCA analysis showed that MPs carried by the river were an important source of MP pollution in the coastal waters.

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He, Chen, Qiong Pan, Penghui Li, Wei Xie, Ding He, Chuanlun Zhang, and Quan Shi. "Molecular composition and spatial distribution of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Pearl River Estuary, China." Environmental Chemistry 17, no. 3 (2020): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en19051.

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Environmental contextEstuaries play an important role in global carbon cycling in terms of transforming dissolved organic matter (DOM). We describe the molecular composition and spatial distribution of DOM in the Pearl River Estuary, an area severely impacted by anthropogenic activities, and show how DOM composition gradually changes with salinity. The results will help our understanding of the sources and transformations of anthropogenic DOM discharged to the coastal seas. AbstractThe Pearl River is the second-largest river in China in terms of water discharge and brings enormous amounts of nutrients and terrestrial organic matter to the South China Sea, which makes the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) highly eutrophic. However, the molecular composition and distribution of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the PRE have scarcely been investigated. In this study, solid-phase extraction (SPE) was performed to collect DOM samples from PRE along a salinity gradient. The samples were characterised by negative-ion electrospray ionisation (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) to analyse their molecular composition and spatial distribution. The FT-ICR MS results showed that the terrestrial organic matter was gradually diluted and/or degraded during the migration from the river to the coastal ocean. Furthermore, both sulfur containing and unsaturated molecules were highly abundant in the upper stream samples, which indicated that anthropogenic input might be another important source of the assigned DOM in PRE. A group of bio-refractory molecules, characterised as carboxylic-rich alicyclic-like molecules, was found to accumulate with the increase of salinity. The composition of the SPE-DOM showed a gradual variation with the salinity and spatial changes; however, the variation was slightly different from those in pristine estuaries. This study demonstrates that the molecular composition of DOM is crucial for elucidating its source and transformation in an estuary.

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Sun, Fu-Lin, You-Shao Wang, Mei-Lin Wu, and Cui-Ci Sun. "Cyanobacterial community diversity in the sediments of the Pearl River Estuary in China." Scientia Marina 81, no. 4 (December 15, 2017): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04106.07a.

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Cyanobacterial community diversity in the sediment of the Pearl River Estuary in China was evaluated in this study by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) during the wet and dry seasons. Nucleotide sequences obtained from DGGE bands were classified into five cyanobacterial clusters, including Synechococcus, Cyanobium, Chroococcus, Prochlorales and Tolypothrix. Synechococcus was identified as the dominant cyanobacterial group in the sediment samples; its distribution varied from the inner estuary to the outer estuary, with a wide range of salinity adaptation. Observed patterns of cyanobacterial communities changed markedly between sampling sites and seasons, suggesting that most cyanobacteria were not delivered via fresh water. Canonical correspondence analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between environmental variables and bacterial community structures during the dry season. The results suggested that the cyanobacterial community was significantly influenced by pH, salinity, PO4-P and NO3-N in sediments.

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Lai, Zhigang, Ronghua Ma, Guangyin Gao, Changsheng Chen, and Robert C. Beardsley. "Impact of multichannel river network on the plume dynamics in the Pearl River estuary." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 120, no. 8 (August 2015): 5766–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014jc010490.

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41

Li, Yang, Guisheng Song, Philippe Massicotte, Fangming Yang, Ruihuan Li, and Huixiang Xie. "Distribution, seasonality, and fluxes of dissolved organic matter in the Pearl River (Zhujiang) estuary, China." Biogeosciences 16, no. 13 (July 12, 2019): 2751–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2751-2019.

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Abstract. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration in the Pearl River estuary (PRE) of China was measured in May, August, and October 2015 and January 2016. Chromophoric and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (CDOM and FDOM) in the latter three seasons were characterized by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. CDOM and FDOM exhibited negligible seasonal variations, while DOC displayed a significant seasonality, with the average concentration being highest in May (156 µmol L−1), lowest in November (87 µmol L−1), and comparable between January (118 µmol L−1) and August (112 µmol L−1). Although DOC, CDOM, and FDOM in surface water were generally higher than in bottom water, the difference between the two layers was statistically insignificant. DOC showed little cross-estuary variations in all seasons, while CDOM and FDOM in January were higher on the west side of the estuary than on the east side. All three variables showed rapid drawdowns in the head region of the estuary (salinity <5); their dynamics in the main estuary were primarily controlled by conservative mixing, leading to linearly declining or relatively constant (for DOC in May and November only) contents with increasing salinity. The decrease in FDOM with salinity was 5 %–35 % faster than that of CDOM, which in turn was 2–3 times quicker than that of DOC. Salinity and CDOM absorption coefficients could serve as indicators of DOC in August and January. Freshwater endmembers in all seasons mainly contained fresh, protein-rich DOM of microbial origin, a large part of it likely being pollution-derived. Protein-like materials were preferentially consumed in the head region but the dominance of the protein signature was maintained throughout the estuary. Exports of DOC and CDOM (in terms of the absorption coefficient at 330 nm) into the South China Sea were estimated as 195×109 g and 266×109 m2 for the PRE and 362×109 g and 493×109 m2 for the entire Pearl River Delta. The PRE presents the lowest concentrations and export fluxes of DOC and CDOM among the world's major estuaries. DOM delivered from the PRE is, however, protein-rich and thus may enhance heterotrophs in the adjacent coastal waters. Overall, the PRE manifests lower abundance and smaller spatiotemporal variability of DOM than expected for a sizable estuary with a marked seasonality of river runoff due supposedly to the poorly forested watershed of the Pearl River, the rapid degradation of the pollution-derived DOM in the upper reach, and the short residence time of freshwater.

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HU, Xiyong, Zini LAI, Yuanfeng ZHAO, Chao WANG, Taili WEI, Wanxiang JIANG, Wanling YANG, and Shixun PANG. "Seasonal characteristics of cadmium content and distribution in Pearl River estuary." Journal of Fishery Sciences of China 18, no. 3 (August 28, 2013): 629–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1118.2011.00629.

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Chen, Yongqin David, and Xiaohong Chen. "Modeling Transport and Distribution of Suspended Sediments in Pearl River Estuary." Journal of Coastal Research 10052 (November 2008): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/1551-5036-52.sp1.163.

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ZHANG Xia, 张霞, 黄小平 HUANG Xiaoping, 施震 SHI Zhen, 叶丰 YE Feng, and 刘庆霞 LIU Qingxia. "Spatial and temporal variation of picophytoplankton in the Pearl River Estuary." Acta Ecologica Sinica 33, no. 7 (2013): 2200–2211. http://dx.doi.org/10.5846/stxb201112151923.

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Callahan, Julie, Minhan Dai, Robert F. Chen, Xiaolin Li, Zhongming Lu, and Wei Huang. "Distribution of dissolved organic matter in the Pearl River Estuary, China." Marine Chemistry 89, no. 1-4 (October 2004): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2004.02.013.

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Wang, Lili, Mei Ye, Qusheng Li, Hang Zou, and Yongsheng Zhou. "Phosphorus speciation in wetland sediments of Zhujiang (Pearl) River Estuary, China." Chinese Geographical Science 23, no. 5 (September 21, 2013): 574–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11769-013-0627-4.

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Cai, Meifang, and Kaiming Li. "Economic Losses From Marine Pollution Adjacent to Pearl River Estuary, China." Procedia Engineering 18 (2011): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.008.

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Hong, Huasheng, Weiqi Chen, Li Xu, Xinhong Wang, and Luoping Zhang. "Distribution and Fate of Organochlorine Pollutants in the Pearl River Estuary." Marine Pollution Bulletin 39, no. 1-12 (January 1999): 376–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-326x(99)00081-8.

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Chen, Y., Onyx W. H. Wai, and Y. S. Li. "Numerical Model for Wave Refraction-Diffraction near Pearl River Estuary, China." Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering 129, no. 6 (November 2003): 260–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-950x(2003)129:6(260).

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CAO, Wenxi. "Regional patterns of particulate spectral absorption in the Pearl River estuary." Chinese Science Bulletin 48, no. 21 (2003): 2344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/03wd0151.

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