Journal articles: 'Pearlin'

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Jiao, Yu, Zhe Zheng, Rongrong Tian, Xiaodong Du, Qingheng Wang, and Ronglian Huang. "MicroRNA, Pm-miR-2305, Participates in Nacre Formation by Targeting Pearlin in Pearl Oyster Pinctada martensii." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 16, no. 9 (September 7, 2015): 21442–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms160921442.

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Huang, Guiju, Xiaomin Bi, Bo Zhang, Tao Qu, Baosuo Liu, Sigang Fan, and Dahui Yu. "Expression, Purification, and Functional Activity of Shell Matrix Protein Pearlin from the Pearl Oyster Pinctada fucata." Journal of Shellfish Research 36, no. 2 (August 2017): 373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/035.036.0210.

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Montagnani, C., B. Marie, F. Marin, C. Belliard, F. Riquet, A. Tayalé, I. Zanella-Cléon, et al. "Pmarg-Pearlin is a Matrix Protein Involved in Nacre Framework Formation in the Pearl Oyster Pinctada margaritifera." ChemBioChem 12, no. 13 (July 27, 2011): 2033–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbic.201100216.

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Carpiano, Richard M., and Brian C. Kelly. "Editors’ Note: New Forum for the Leonard I. Pearlin Award Paper." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 59, no. 4 (November 28, 2018): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022146518815417.

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Chiriboga, David A. "Of career paths and expectations: Comments on pearlin and aneshensel's “Caregiving: The unexpected career”." Social Justice Research 7, no. 4 (December 1994): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02334864.

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Hämmerling, Ellen, Claudia Ludwig, and Claudia Wendel. "Lebenszufriedenheit von PartnerInnen chronisch hirngeschädigter Menschen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Persönlichkeitsveränderung." Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie 19, no. 4 (January 2008): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1016-264x.19.4.223.

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Bezugnehmend auf das Prozessmodell der Pflegebelastung von Pearlin et al. (1990) wurde die Lebenszufriedenheit von 67 LebenspartnerInnen chronisch hirngeschädigter Menschen im Zusammenhang mit diversen Belastungsparametern, im Speziellen der wahrgenommenen Persönlichkeitsveränderung der hirngeschädigten Menschen, untersucht. Nahezu alle befragten ProbandInnen (95 %) nahmen eine stark negative Veränderung der Persönlichkeit ihrer hirngeschädigten PartnerInnen wahr. Die gesunden PartnerInnen lagen bezüglich ihrer Lebenszufriedenheit leicht unter dem Normbereich, wobei höhere Lebenszufriedenheit mit einer höheren Zufriedenheit in Bezug auf die soziale Unterstützung einherging. Der Großteil der Varianz von Lebenszufriedenheit wurde durch die Selbstständigkeit der hirngeschädigten Personen erklärt. Die Implikationen dieser Ergebnisse werden diskutiert.

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Lee, Hyoung Suk, Doh Kwan Kim, and Ji-Hae Kim. "Stress in caregivers of demented people in Korea—a modification of Pearlin and colleagues' stress model." International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 21, no. 8 (2006): 784–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.1563.

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Gordon, Janna R., Vanessa L. Malcarne, Scott C. Roesch, Richard G. Roetzheim, and Kristen J. Wells. "Structural Validity and Measurement Invariance of the Pearlin Mastery Scale in Spanish-Speaking Primary Care Patients." Evaluation & the Health Professions 41, no. 3 (May 13, 2018): 393–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163278718774942.

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The Pearlin Mastery (PM) Scale is frequently used in health research to assess individuals’ personal mastery or the extent to which they believe they are in control of their own lives. It has been adapted from English into multiple languages including Spanish. However, no studies have assessed the psychometric properties of Spanish translations of the scale. This analysis evaluated structural validity and measurement invariance of the original Spanish translation of the PM Scale in two groups of Spanish-speaking individuals receiving primary care at community clinics in Florida. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated that the 5-item version used in the literature yields a unidimensional factor structure as expected; however, multiple-group CFA revealed that the PM Scale items did not load equivalently on the factor across samples. This indicates that the Spanish version of the PM Scale may not measure mastery consistently across groups, possibly due to differences in respondents’ semantic understanding of items or differences in the meaning of the construct itself. Findings suggest that researchers seeking to measure personal mastery in Spanish-speaking participants from diverse cultural backgrounds should consider alternative approaches including the development of new instruments.

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Hämmerling, Ellen, and Claudia Wendel. "Beziehungszufriedenheit von PartnerInnen chronisch Hirngeschädigter." Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie 17, no. 2 (January 2006): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1016-264x.17.2.113.

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Zusammenfassung: Bezugnehmend auf das Prozessmodell der Pflegebelastung von Pearlin et al. (1990) wurde die Beziehungszufriedenheit der LebenspartnerInnen chronisch Hirngeschädigter in Abhängigkeit verschiedener Situations- und Belastungsparameter untersucht. Die Beziehungsqualität der 64 PartnerInnen wurde mit Hilfe der Paarklimaskalen (PKS) erhoben. Die psychische Belastung wurde mit Skalen der Symptom Checkliste 90-R (SCL-90-R), die alltagsbezogene Belastung mit dem Screen for Caregiver Burden (SCB) erfasst. Objektive Daten der Belastung wurden mittels eines demographischen und krankheitsspezifischen Fragebogens erfasst. Regressionsberechnungen ergaben, dass sowohl die Beziehungszufriedenheit als auch die psychische Belastung der LebenspartnerInnen ausschließlich von subjektiven Stressoren abhängig waren. Die Bedeutung subjektiver Stressoren für das Belastungserleben Angehöriger chronisch Kranker konnte somit unterstrichen werden. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen die Notwendigkeit angehörigenspezifischer Interventionen im Rehabilitationsprozess.

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Johnson, Colleen L. "Introduction: Social and Cultural Diversity of the Oldest-Old." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 38, no. 1 (January 1994): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/1ax3-unjm-95fj-ph3u.

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This introduction describes a volume devoted to a much neglected topic and population, the social and cultural diversity among individuals eighty-five years old and older. Four articles come from the San Francisco 85+ Study: 1) comparisons by Colleen Johnson between whites and African Americans in socioeconomic status, health, and other outcomes; 2) Barbara Barer's analysis of gender differences in the stressors faced in late-life; 3) Charlotte Perry and Colleen Johnson's examination of the families of oldest-old African Americans; 4) Lillian Troll's analysis of white families. The fifth article by Gloria Clayton on rural/urban differences comes from the Georgia Centenarian Study. Finally the volume concludes with a commentary by Leonard Pearlin that places these studies into the broader context of aging research.

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Volk, Hannah, and Johanna Muckenhuber. "The Health Effects of Combining Work and Family Demands: An International Comparison of 31 Countries." Comparative Sociology 17, no. 6 (November 12, 2018): 782–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341479.

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Abstract This article aims to analyze the relationship between work-family conflict (wfc) and self-rated health in 31 countries. It argues that wfc, in line with the Sociological Stress Model (Pearlin 1987), is a major role stressor, associated with health problems of workers. The results show that wfc influences the level of self-rated health in the expected direction, when controlling for sociodemographic, family and working characteristics. Country differences exist regarding the moderating role of a country’s degree of individualism. In countries which show higher degrees of individualism, the negative health effects of wfc are stronger. The analysis uses data from the ISSP in 2012 (N=29.857) and multilevel regression models are calculated in order to analyze country differences.

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Bleidere, Māra, Zaiga Jansone, Ilze Grunte, and Ida Jakobsone. "Biochemical Composition of Spring Barley Grain Pearled to Varying Degrees." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 71, no. 6 (December 1, 2017): 468–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/prolas-2017-0082.

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Abstract Differences in biochemical composition in dehulled and pearled grain samples affected by the various degrees of pearling were studied for spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Twelve covered spring barley and two hulless genotypes were examined. Commercial samples of pearled barley were included for comparison. Covered barley grain samples were pearled using a small-scale barley pearler to obtain dehulled and pearled barley grain products with pearling percentage of 12% and 30%, respectively. Significant differences were observed in the chemical composition between dehulled grain and pearled grain. As the outer layers of the covered grain were removed to a greater degree by pearling, crude protein content, crude ash, total phenolic concentration and radical scavenging activity in the pearled grain significantly decreased (p < 0.001), while starch concentration increased, without changes in the β-glucans concentration. The concentration of phenolic compounds in the dehulled barley grain samples were 1.30 to 1.61 times higher than for pearled grains. There was a significant (p < 0.01) correlation determined among values of dehulled and pearled grain of different barley genotypes in crude protein, starch, and β-glucan content, but no relationship was found in total phenolic content and radical scavenging activity.

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Bowen, Rudy, Maxine South, Don Fischer, and Terah Looman. "Depression, Mastery and Number of Group Sessions Attended Predict Outcome of Patients with Panic and Agoraphobia in a Behavioural/Medication Program." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 5 (June 1994): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379403900508.

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From a list of 214 patients suffering from panic and agoraphobia and who had been treated with cognitive behaviour therapy, 30 patients who had very good outcomes and 32 who had poor outcomes were selected. The groups were selected by the nurse therapist and psychiatrist on the basis of personal knowledge of the patients. The distinction into good and poor outcome groups was confirmed by the results of a follow-up questionnaire completed by the patient. Of several clinical and demographic variables which had been hypothesized, to be predictors of outcome, only depression, as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory, mastery, as measured by the Pearlin Mastery Scale and the number of group therapy sessions attended predicted outcome. Levels of depression and mastery might be clinically modifiable variables which affect the outcome of treatment for patients with panic and agoraphobia.

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Eklund, Mona, Lena-Karin Erlandsson, and Peter Hagell. "Psychometric properties of a Swedish version of the Pearlin Mastery Scale in people with mental illness and healthy people." Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 66, no. 6 (February 17, 2012): 380–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08039488.2012.656701.

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Kim, Meeryoung. "The Effect of Older Adults’ Relational Stress, Environmental Stress, and Coping on Well-Being." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2169.

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Abstract This study used the stress process model for analyzing older adults’ stressors and coping resources, which compares relational and environmental stressors (Pearlin et al., 1990). Additionally, the effect of coping abilities and social support on well-being was compared. This study used the 5th wave data of KReIS (Korean Retirement and Income Studies) that were collected in 2014. The sample included 4,072 older Korean adults aged 60 and older. Relational and environmental stressors were used as the independent variables. Social support and coping were used as coping resources. For the dependent variable, life satisfaction and perceived health were used. Since the stress model is a process model, hierarchical multiple regression was used. Environmental stressors had a significant effect on reducing life satisfaction. Relational and environmental stressors had significant negative effects on perceived health. Both coping and social support had a significant effect on both life satisfaction and perceived health.

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Blieszner, Rosemary, Tina Savla, Karen Roberto, Brandy Renee McCann, Aubrey Knight, and Emily Hoyt. "Do Competing Demands Elevate Caregiver Challenges?" Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2193.

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Abstract Family members caring for relatives with dementia simultaneously hold other roles and face other everyday challenges related to employment, finances, interactions with others, and the like. Using the Pearlin stress process model as a foundation, we evaluated contributions of secondary role and intrapsychic stressors such as health, relationship, and financial worries, and role captivity and overload, to 157 rural caregivers’ morale and well-being. Whereas family conflict and role overload contributed significantly to higher agitation, money worries, poor health, and role captivity interfered with positive mental health (p<.05). Nevertheless, some caregivers characterized employment and volunteering as respite from caregiving and appreciated informal help even when family ties were complicated. Findings highlight complex responses to dementia-related caregiving and point to the need for a range of resources and support deployed creatively to assist caregivers in places such as rural Appalachia where geography, underfunding, and low income limit access to services.

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Wang, Li, Allison Williams, and Peter Kitchen. "Health of caregiver-employees in Canada." International Journal of Workplace Health Management 11, no. 6 (December 3, 2018): 382–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwhm-04-2018-0043.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of various employment characteristics on the health of Canadian caregiver-employees (CEs), who are working full-time in the labor market while also providing informal/family care to adults. Design/methodology/approach Framed with Pearlin et al.’s (1990) stress model and using data from Statistic Canada’s General Social Survey Cycle 26 (2012), several work-related variables for caregivers were considered, including the availability of various forms of caregiver-friendly workplace policies (CFWPs), and a series of work interferences (WIs) experienced as a result of the caregiving role. Findings This study provides evidence for the value of CFWPs in all workplaces. Counter-intuitively, family and other forms of support were found to negatively relate to both physical and mental health. Originality/value This suggests that CFWPs will not only have an impact on CEs’ physical health outcomes, but will likely decrease the effect of the WIs experienced.

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Wermuth, Laurie. "Caregiving to Family Members with Dementia." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 9, no. 1 (May 1, 2011): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v9i1.2061.

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The emotional and physical stress experienced by family caregivers of individuals with dementia is well known (Vitaliano, Jianping, Young, Caswell, Scanlan, Echeverria, 2009). Pearlin and colleagues (1990) noted that caregiving is complex, involving a variety of resources and strategies. The purpose of this qualitative study was to better understand careproviders‟ situations in context, including the resources they had available, the meaning of their care, and the strategies they employed to cope. Sixteen family care providers of adults with dementia were recruited through an adult services agency in northern California. Participants were interviewed using open-ended questions and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression scale (CES-D; Radloff, 1977). Field notes and interview transcripts for participants were interpreted, and compared with CES-D scores. Eleven out of sixteen care providers had scores indicating risk for clinical depression. Two groups are described: those with low distress scores, and those with high distress scores, highlighting some of the patterns associated with each. A list of coping strategies is provided from respondents‟ interviews. Based on the findings, community-based supports are needed to care for the increasing numbers of elderly individuals in the coming decades.

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Donnelley, Maria. "Functional Mastery in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease." Research and Theory for Nursing Practice 33, no. 4 (October 30, 2019): 410–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1541-6577.33.4.410.

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BackgroundInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an incurable autoimmune disease causing overwhelming physical distress and psychological adaptation.PurposeTo explore the associations between foundational influences and personal characteristics predictors to the achievement of mastery of health in patients with IBD.TheoryOrem's Theory of Self-Care, Resnick's Theory of Self-Efficacy, and Pearlin and Schooler's study of the structure of coping guided this study. The conceptual framework used was the Functional Mastery of Health Ownership (FMHO) model.MethodsA predictive correlational study design using self-administered questionnaires was used. A convenience sample of 151 adults with a diagnosis of IBD for at least 1 year was recruited from the patient population of a gastroenterology medical practice.ResultsData were analyzed using multiple regression with standard entry factor loading. Portions of the model were found to be significant and account for 44% of the variance (p < .001; R2 = .44, Adjusted R2 = .41). Significant relationships were found among mastery and IBD self-efficacy, perception of mastery, and current health status. Females had higher mastery scores than males.SignificanceThese findings support the use of a modified FMHO model to predict needs that enable individualized stewardship of health for patients with IBD.

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George, William M. "Papular pearly penile pearls." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 20, no. 5 (May 1989): 852. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0190-9622(89)80123-9.

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van Heijst, Barbara FC, Marie K. Deserno, Didi Rhebergen, and Hilde M. Geurts. "Autism and depression are connected: A report of two complimentary network studies." Autism 24, no. 3 (November 10, 2019): 680–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319872373.

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Autism and depression often co-occur. Through network analysis, we seek to gain a better understanding of this co-occurrence by investigating whether (1) autism and depression share overlapping groups of symptoms and/or (2) are connected through a bridge of mastery or worry symptoms. This is addressed in two complimentary studies: (1) Study 1 focusing on depressed ( N = 258) and non-depressed adults ( N = 117), aged 60–90 years; (2) Study 2 focusing on autistic ( N = 173) and non-autistic adults ( N = 70), aged 31–89 years. Self-report questionnaire data were collected on autistic traits (AQ-28), depression symptoms (Study 1: Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self Report; Study 2: Symptom Checklist 90–Revised depression subscale), worry (Worry Scale-R) and mastery (the Pearlin Mastery Scale). For both studies, data were analysed by creating glasso networks and subsequent centrality analyses to identify the most influential variables in the respective networks. Both depressed and autistic adults are highly similar in the perceived amount of worries and lack of control. While caution is needed when interpreting the pattern of findings given the bootstrapping results, findings from both studies indicate that overlapping symptoms do not fully explain the co-occurrence of autism and depression and the perception of having control over your life, that is, mastery seems a relevant factor in connecting autism and depression.

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Whited, B., J. Rossignac, G. Slabaugh, T. Fang, and G. Unal. "Pearling: Stroke segmentation with crusted pearl strings." Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis 19, no. 2 (June 2009): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1054661809020102.

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PATTERSON, T. L., S. J. SEMPLE, W. S. SHAW, E. YU, Y. HE, M. Y. ZHANG, W. WU, and I. GRANT. "The cultural context of caregiving: a comparison of Alzheimer's caregivers in Shanghai, China and San Diego, California." Psychological Medicine 28, no. 5 (September 1998): 1071–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291798007053.

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Background. Systematic comparisons of the psychological and physical responses of caregivers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients in the US and China have not been previously reported.Methods. Informal caregivers of community dwelling AD patients in Shanghai, China and demographically-matched non-caregiving Chinese controls were compared with a sample of American caregivers residing in San Diego, California and demographically-matched American controls.Results. Despite some demographic discrepancies, caregivers from both China and the US were similar. Caregivers from both cultures reported more depressive symptoms and more physical symptoms when compared with non-caregivers. Both groups of caregivers reported that patients required similar amounts of care and help with activities of daily living (ADLs). However, Shanghai caregivers reported less access to emotional support when compared with the San Diego sample. A conceptual model, guided by the stress process model of Pearlin et al. (1990), was used to explore multivariate relationships between caregiver characteristics and the physical and psychological health of our sample of AD caregivers in Shanghai, China. Results from a path analytical procedure revealed that the relationships among these variables and health outcome did not differ significantly from those observed in the US sample.Conclusions. Although elderly family members are venerated in the stereotypical Chinese family unit, and informal caregiving of disabled family members is socially mandated, the negative health consequences of caregiving appear to be similar to those observed among caregivers in the US.

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Ivarsson, Bodil, Göran Rådegran, Roger Hesselstrand, and Barbro Kjellström. "Coping, social support and information in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: A 2-year retrospective cohort study." SAGE Open Medicine 6 (January 1, 2018): 205031211774915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312117749159.

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Objectives: Pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension are severe diseases with complicated treatment that need care at specialist clinics. The aim was to investigate changes in the patients’ perceptions on coping, social support and received information when attending a newly started nurse-coordinated pulmonary arterial hypertension-outpatient clinic. Methods: The present study was a descriptive, questionnaire-based cohort study including 42 adult patients. To evaluate coping, the Pearlin Mastery Scale was used. Social support, information and health-related quality of life were measured using Social Network and Support Scale, QLQ-INFO25 and the EQ-5D. Results: Attending the pulmonary arterial hypertension-outpatient clinic increased coping ability (Mastery Scale) significantly (baseline 16.0 ± 3.3 points vs 2-year follow-up 19.6 ± 5.2 points, p < 0.001) while there was no difference in social network and support or in perception of received information after. Patients who improved their coping ability (67%) were younger, had better exercise capacity, experienced better health-related quality of life and were more satisfied with received information about treatment and medical tests than those who reduced the coping ability. There was no difference in gender, diagnosis, time since diagnose, pulmonary arterial hypertension–specific treatment, education level or civil status between the two groups. Conclusion: This study suggests that the pulmonary arterial hypertension-team, in partnership with the patient, can support patients to take control of their disease and increase their health-related quality of life.

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Kim, Meeryoung. "THE EFFECT OF OLDER ADULTS’ STRESS AND COPING ON LIFE SATISFACTION." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1149.

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Abstract Older adults experience stressors in everyday life, which can be acute or chronic stressors. When people are stressed, coping abilities and social support are important factors for increasing their life satisfaction. Using Pearlin et al.’s (1990) stress process model, this study compared whether acute or chronic stressors were more stressful. Additionally, the effectiveness of emotional, informational and instrumental support on life satisfaction were compared. This study used the 3rd and 5th addition wave of KReIS (Korean Retirement and Income Studies) which were collected in 2009 and 2014 respectively. For socio economic status, 3rd wave data was used. Independent and dependent variables were derived from 5th addition wave data. The sample size of this study was 4,072 older adults who were 65+. Daily hassles were used to indicate acute stressors, and physical and economic strain were used to indicate chronic stressors. For coping resources, social support and coping were used. Life satisfaction was used for dependent variable. Since the stress model is a process model, hierarchical multiple regression was used. Both acute and chronic stressors had a significant effect on reducing life satisfaction. Coping and social support both had significant positive effects on life satisfaction. In regard to social support, emotional and instrumental social support had significant effects on life satisfaction. These results implied that chronic stressors were more stressful than acute stressors. In addition, instrumental social support was found to be better than emotional social support for increasing life satisfaction for Korean older adults.

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Boogaard, Jannie A., Jenny T. van der Steen, Alice H. de Boer, and Marjolein I. Broese van Groenou. "How Is End-of-Life Care With and Without Dementia Associated With Informal Caregivers’ Outcomes?" American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® 36, no. 11 (April 14, 2019): 1008–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049909119836932.

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Background: Palliative care for older people with life-limiting diseases often involves informal caregivers, but the palliative care literature seldom focuses on the negative and positive aspects of informal caregiving. Objective: To assess the association of proximity to end of life (EOL) and dementia caregiving with informal caregivers’ burden of care and positive experiences and explain differences in outcomes. Design: Data on 1267 informal caregivers of community-dwelling older people were selected from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey and analyzed using analysis of variance and multivariable regression analyses. Measurements: The Self-Perceived Pressure from Informal Care Scale and the Positive Experiences Scale were administered to assess caregiver burden and positive experiences with providing care. Results: Dementia care, both at EOL and not at EOL, was associated with the most caregiver burden relative to regular care. Dementia care not at EOL was associated with the fewest positive experiences, and EOL care not in dementia with the most positive experiences. Only the differences in burden of care could be explained by variables related to stressors based on Pearlin stress-coping model. Conclusions: Informal caregivers of people with dementia are at risk not only of high caregiver burden but also of missing out on positive experiences associated with caregiving at EOL. Future research should examine how dementia-related factors reduce positive caregiving experiences, in order to make palliative care a positive reality for those providing informal care to community-dwelling persons with dementia.

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Degeneffe, Charles Edmund. "The Rehabilitation Needs of Adult Siblings of Persons With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Quantitative Investigation." Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 15, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 12–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/jrc.15.1.12.

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AbstractThis study examined the post-injury rehabilitation needs of 158 adult siblings of persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the United States. The mean age of participants was 37.0 years (SD= 10.0 years), and their ages ranged from 19 to 72 years. A total of 120 (75.9%) of the participants were female. Participants completed the Family Needs Questionnaire (FNQ) (Kreutzer, 1988), which measures the unique needs of families following TBI. The FNQ counts the types of needs rated as important and the frequency in which those needs have been met. Data were analysed via hierarchical multiple regression analysis with the number of met needs set as the outcome variable. A total of 15 predictor variables assessed direct and indirect markers of caregiving related stresses corresponding to position in the Pearlin stress process model. Participants indicated that health information was the most important need while needs for involvement with care were the most often met. Results also indicated that participant feelings of more restrictions in valued family activities and perceptions of greater cognitive-behavioural impairments with their injured siblings were associated with lower number of met rehabilitation needs. Participants reported that the use of effective coping behaviours and access to social support were associated with higher numbers of met rehabilitation needs. Findings suggest adult siblings share similar needs to parents and spouses (i.e., the most common primary caregivers) and require professional attention and support following TBI.

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Novak, Joshua, and Stephanie Wilson. "Are Differences in Bedtimes Bad for Relationships? Associations With Attachment and Conflict in Middle-Aged Couples." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1518.

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Abstract A robust body of literature has found birdirectional associations between sleep quality and marital quality in couple relationships (Hasler & Troxel, 2010; Pearlin, 2010). Additionally, dyadic research shows that differences in couples’ bed time routines and habits is associated with mental health outcomes (Chen, 2018), however the literature has not connected them with other marital processes that are mutable and clinically relevant. Attachment theory provides a clinically relevant framework that captures both interpersonal marital processes such as relationship conflict as well intrapersonal processes of individual emotional safety—essentially individuals’ personal strategies to balance closeness and distance in a relationship (Feeney, 2002; Rhodes et al., 2001). The two main attachment styles related to sleep processes are attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety (Collins et al., 2002; Gun, 2015; Troxel, 2007). Utilizing data from 234 couple dyads, we investigated if differences in partners’ bed times is associated with conflict frequency and attachment avoidance using a structural equation modeling approach. We controlled for a number of important factors and tested our hypothesized model against two plausible alternative models. Results revealed that greater difference in partners’ bed times was associated with higher conflict frequency for both husbands and wives through higher men’s attachment avoidance. Our findings highlight previous research on matched vs. unmatched couples on sleep routines, habits, and chronotypes (both morning or night vs. different; Larson et al., 1991) but highlight mutable and clinically relevant constructs for intervention. Implications for health promotion and marital therapy will be discussed.

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Sots, S., I. Kustov, Y. Kuzmenko, and O. Vereshchynskyi. "FEATURES OF PROCESSING OATS INTO GROATS PRODUCTS." Grain Products and Mixed Fodder’s 19, no. 4 (February 3, 2020): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/gpmf.v19i4.1587.

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In the given article the existing technologies of hulled oats grain processing into groats products were analyzed. The possibilities of using new breeding varieties of oats to improve existing technologies were analyzed. Advantages using naked oat varieties for the production of groats and flakes were considered. Results of research influence intensity of pearling and water heat treatment on yield of pearled groats and its quality indicators were shown. The high efficiency of use naked oats for the production of pearled groats with regulated quality indicators was determined. It was found that the technologically expedient moisture content of naked oats before pearling is 12-12.5 %. In the pearling the grain with this humidity depending on the duration of pearling yield of groat estimated to range between 78 94 %. Use as raw materials naked oats increase yield of pearled groats at 1.4-1.6 times in compared to processing of conventional varieties. Modes of preparation of pearled groats for flaking was investigated, feature their influence on the yield and qualities of flaked groats were determined. Analyses of the physical properties of the obtained flaked products were conducted. It was found that the technologically expedient moisture content of pearled naked oats groats before steaming is 17-17.5 %. After steaming groats with this moisture yield of flaked groat estimated to range between 84,3 93,6 %. The main stages of processing naked oats into groats products were determined. The technological scheme of processing naked oats for producing groats and flakes were developed. The technological scheme of processing hull-less barley and naked oats for producing groats, flakes, mixtures of groats and flakes were developed. Technology includes grain cleaning stage, grain water heat treatment, pearling, sorting of pearling products, pearled groat water heat treatment, mixing, flaking, drying, and control of end products.

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Stockton, Carol M. "Pearl Academy by Raw Pearls." Journal of Gemmology 36, no. 6 (2019): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.15506/jog.2019.36.6.495.

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Moss, Sara, Lauren Gebhardt-Kram, Holly Dabelko-Schoeny, and Jennifer Cheavens. "Identifying Care-Related Needs of Family Caregivers of People With Dementia: Beyond the Stress Process Model." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.241.

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Abstract The psychosocial stress process model (Pearlin et al., 1990) remains a dominant theoretical framework characterizing the transactions between factors affecting outcomes of informal caregivers of people with dementia (PWD). Despite widespread agreement that the model provides an important framework for understanding caregiver experiences and predicting caregiver outcomes, it is not sufficient to clarify the needs of caregivers. Needs are conceptualized as the skills and resources that could be used to ameliorate the negative impacts of caregiving and promote quality of life (Gitlin & Hodgson, 2015). Determining caregiver needs requires appreciation of the complex background, contextual, and stress-related variables described in the stress process model and requires empirically- and theoretically-driven understanding of the diverse resources, materials, and skills that individuals require for global health and functioning. In this study, we conducted a content analysis of existing measures of dementia caregiver needs (N = 54), content analysis of materials related to evidence-based dementia caregiver interventions and government reports and documents (N = 28), and semi-structured in-depth interviews with current caregivers of PWD (N = 12) to identify the personal and care-related needs of family caregivers of PWD. We propose a framework of five inter-related need categories (Health-related needs, environmental needs, psychological needs, social needs, and needs related to the care and functioning of the PWD) that transact with the factors described in the stress process model, ultimately influencing functioning. In the future, we plan to test this model empirically with a nationally representative sample of caregivers.

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Takagi, Emiko, Yasuhiko Saito, and Angelique W. M. Chan. "A Longitudinal Study of the Impact of Loneliness on Personal Mastery Among Older Adults in Singapore." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1017.

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Abstract This study uses longitudinal data to examine the association between older adults’ sense of mastery and loneliness. We examined the data of a nationally representative sample of adults 60 years and older in Singapore (Wave1, n=4,990) from the Panel of Health and Aging among Older Singaporeans Survey. The initial participants were followed up in 2011 (Wave2, n=3,103) and in 2015 (Wave3, n=1,572). At each wave, emotional loneliness was assessed using the UCLA three-item loneliness scale and sense of mastery was measured with the five items from the Pearlin Mastery Scale. We conducted cross-lagged regression analyses where loneliness and personal mastery scores in each wave were treated as endogenous variables along with covariates including demographic characteristics, health conditions, and the overall strength of social network measured by Lubben Social Network Scale. The results showed that loneliness in wave 1 and wave 2 respectively predicted a lower level of personal sense of mastery in subsequent waves. However, the other direction, the influence of personal mastery in wave 1 and wave 2 on loneliness at subsequent waves, was not significant. Furthermore, the analysis showed that older adults’ relatively strong social network was related to a lower level of loneliness and a higher sense of mastery at Wave 3. The finding suggests that loneliness plays a critical role in influencing older adults’ personal sense of mastery and that the strength of social network is an important mediator of loneliness and personal sense of mastery amongst older adults and a potential area for intervention.

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Vuorinen, Ilkka, Atte Oksanen, Iina Savolainen, Anu Sirola, Markus Kaakinen, Hye-Jin Paek, and Izabela Zych. "The Mediating Role of Psychological Distress in Excessive Gambling among Young People: A Four-Country Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 6973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136973.

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Background and aims: Loneliness and a low sense of mastery are associated with excessive gambling, but the underlying processes of these relationships remain unstudied. Because psychological distress can increase vulnerability to excessive gambling, we investigated its mediating role in these relationships among young people. To meet the need for cross-country research, we also observed how these relationships occur in four countries with different cultures. Design, setting, and participants: Demographically balanced cross-sectional survey data were collected from 15–25-year-olds in Finland (n = 1200; 50% male), the United States (n = 1212; 49.8% male), South Korea (n = 1192; 49.6% male), and Spain (n = 1212; 51.2% male). Measurements: Excessive gambling was measured with the South Oaks Gambling Screen, psychological distress was assessed with the 12-item General Health Questionnaire, loneliness was measured with the three-item Loneliness Scale, and low sense of mastery was assessed with the Pearlin Mastery Scale. Associations were examined first using zero-inflated negative binomial regression analyses with excessive gambling as the outcome. In addition, path analyses were performed to study how loneliness and low sense of mastery relate to excessive gambling, with psychological distress as the mediating variable. Findings: Loneliness and low sense of mastery were associated indirectly with excessive gambling via psychological distress in all country samples. Low sense of mastery was also directly associated with excessive gambling. There was a direct association between loneliness and excessive gambling only in samples from South Korea and Spain. Conclusions: Psychological distress is an important factor in understanding how loneliness and sense of mastery relate to gambling.

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Sots, S., I. Kustov, and Y. Kuzmenko. "SOME FEATURES OF BARLEY AND OATS PROCESSING." Grain Products and Mixed Fodder’s 19, no. 3 (November 14, 2019): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/gpmf.v19i3.1510.

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It is proved the high effectiveness of using naked oats varieties Salomon and Samuel and hull-less barley variety Achilles as raw material for production new groats products with high biological value. Researched modes of pearling, water heat treatment and its impact on yield of pearled and flaked groats. The technological scheme of processing hull less barley and naked oats for producing groats, flakes, mixtures of groats and flakes were developed. Technology includes grain cleaning stage, grain water heat treatment, pearling, sorting of pearling products, pearled groat water heat treatment, mixing, flaking, drying, and control of end products. Studied hull-less barley characterized by high protein content 14,615,8 % and β-glucans – 6,8-7,4 %, has same to conventional dehulled grain mass fraction of lipids 2,1-3,8 % and starch – 57,6-60,5 %, low ash content 2,3-2,7%. Naked oats grain traditionally characterized by high mass fraction of lipids – 6,0-6,3 %,high mass fraction of protein - 14,9-15,4% and βglucans - 6,4-6,9% close to conventional dehulled grain mass fraction of starch – 59,3-61,6 % and ash – 2,1-2,3 %. It was found that the technologically expedient moisture content of hull-less barley and naked oats before pearling is 12-13 %. In the pearling the grain with this humidity depending on the duration of pearling yield of groat estimated to range between 6796 %. Increasing moisture content of grain before pearling to 14.0% does not significantly change the limits of yield values, and pearling grain with low moisture content of 10.5% leads to excessive grinding and formation of a significant amount of by-products and waste in the form of fine particles and husking bran.Technologically expedient moisture content of naked oats pearled groat before steaming stage are 15 % and the vapor pressure in steamer of 0.10 MPa. For the pearled barley groat most appropriate moisture content of before steaming is 20 % and the vapor pressure in steamer of 0.10 MPa.Steaming in this mode allows to obtain flaked groats with yield at 84 to 93%

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Dong, Gabriella, and Mengting Li. "Trajectory of Depression among Victims of Elder Mistreatment." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3218.

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Abstract Individuals exposed to elder mistreatment are affected in dissimilar ways. Most existing studies are cross-sectional and fail to capture the change in mental health of older adults with exposure to elder mistreatment. This study aims to examine depression trajectories of elder mistreatment victims and identify protective factors. Data were drawn from the two-wave Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE) with 725 participants who reported elder mistreatment at the baseline. Depression was measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Self-mastery was assessed by the Pearlin Mastery Scale. Conscientiousness was evaluated by the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. Multinomial logistic regression was used while controlling demographic factors and recurrence of elder mistreatment. We identified four depression trajectories among elder mistreatment victims: chronic (9.61%), delayed (6.27%), recovery resilience (21.17%), and resistance resilience (62.95%). The chronic group was showing severe depression in both waves. The delayed group experienced a delayed reaction with increasing depression over time. The depression level of the recovery resilience group bounced back from elder mistreatment. The resistance resilience group exhibited low depression over time. Elder mistreatment victims with increasing self-mastery were more likely to be in recovery resilience group than in chronic group (RRR=1.05, 95%CI=1.02-1.09). In addition, elder mistreatment victims with increasing conscientiousness were less likely to be in delayed group than in resistance resilience group (RRR=0.96, 95%CI=0.92-1.00). Healthcare providers and social service agents could focus on elder mistreatment victims with chronic and delayed depression trajectories. Interventions could promote mental health of elder mistreatment victims through improving self-mastery and conscientiousness.

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Mbakile-Mahlanza, Lingani, Eva S. van der Ploeg, Lucy Busija, Cameron Camp, Helen Walker, and Daniel W. O’Connor. "A cluster-randomized crossover trial of Montessori activities delivered by family carers to nursing home residents with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia." International Psychogeriatrics 32, no. 3 (November 25, 2019): 347–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610219001819.

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ABSTRACTObjectives:One-on-one structured Montessori-based activities conducted with people with dementia can improve agitation and enhance engagement. These activities may however not always be implemented by nursing home staff. Family members may present an untapped resource for enabling these activities. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the Montessori activities implemented by family members on visitation experiences with people who have dementia.Design:Cluster-randomized crossover design.Setting:General and psychogeriatric nursing homes in the state of Victoria, Australia.Participants:Forty participants (20 residents and 20 carers) were recruited.Intervention:During visits, family members interacted with their relative either through engaging in Montessori-based activities or reading a newspaper (the control condition) for four 30-minute sessions over 2 weeks.Measurements:Residents’ predominant affect and engagement were rated for each 30-second interval using the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Affect Rating Scale and the Menorah Park Engagement Scale. The Pearlin Mastery Scale was used to rate carers satisfaction with visits. The 15-item Mutuality Scale measured the carers quality of their relationship with the resident. Carers’ mood and overall quality of life were measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and Carer-QoL questionnaires, respectively.Results:Linear regressions within the generalized estimating equations approach assessed residents’ and carers’ outcomes. Relative to the control condition, the Montessori condition resulted in more positive engagement (b = 13.0, 95%CI 6.3–19.7, p < 0.001) and affect (b = 0.4, 95%CI 0.2–0.6, p < 0.001) for the residents and higher satisfaction with visits for carers (b = 1.7, 95%CI 0.45–3.00, p = 0.008). No correction was applied to p-values for multiple comparisons.Conclusion:This study strengthens the evidence base for the use of the Montessori programs in increasing well-being in nursing home residents. The findings also provide evidence that family members are an additional valuable resource in implementing structured activities such as the Montessori program with residents.

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Zhang, Mailun, Mengting Li, and XinQi Dong. "The Association Between Discrimination and Self-Mastery in U.S. Chinese Older Adults." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1085.

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Abstract Perceived discrimination related to one’s racial/ethnic membership has been linked to negative impact on the health and wellbeing of minority populations. While the anti-Chinese sentiment in the US dates to the 19th century, discrimination experienced by this population and its impact has been poorly understood. Self-mastery is a protective psychological resource reflecting one’s ability to cope with stressors. This study examines the interaction between discrimination and self-mastery among 3,157 US Chinese older adults. Data were obtained from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE) collected between 2011 and 2013. Self-mastery was measured using the Pearlin Mastery Scale. Discrimination was measured using the Experiences of Discrimination instrument. Linear regression was used. Discrimination experiences were found common (21.3%) among the US Chinese older adults. Younger age, male gender, higher levels of education, higher income, being married, more children, and fewer medical comorbidities were associated with a higher sense of self-mastery. After controlling for these potential confounders, discrimination experiences appeared to be significantly associated with lower self-mastery. Specifically, people who have experienced discrimination when getting hired (Beta [B]=-4.47,Standard Error [SE]=1.04, p<0.01), in working environment (B=-1.13,SE=0.52, p<0.05), getting health care (B=-3.45,SE=0.85, p<0.01), getting services in a store or restaurant (B=-2.12,SE=0.78, p<0.01), getting credit, bank loans, or a mortgage (B=-6.86,SE=2.83, p<0.05) and interacting with police or in the courts (B=-4.15,SE=1.48, p<0.01) were associated with lower levels of self-mastery. The findings suggested that discrimination experiences might be harmful by diminishing one’s protective coping mechanism, which warrants longitudinal studies among minority aging populations to clarify.

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Mollard, Elizabeth, Kevin Kupzyk, and Tiffany Moore. "Postpartum stress and protective factors in women who gave birth in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic." Women's Health 17 (January 2021): 174550652110421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17455065211042190.

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Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused considerable stress throughout the world. Little is known about how postpartum women who gave birth during the early months of the pandemic were impacted. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the associations between potential risk, protective factors, and psychological distress among postpartum women who gave birth during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Postpartum women over the age of 18 years who gave birth in the US hospitals between March and July of 2020 and spoke English completed a survey about their experiences. Demographic and health variables were measured via self-report. Stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale-10. Mastery was measured with the Pearlin Mastery Scale. Resilience was measured with the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale-2. Results: This study included 885 women. Participants had higher stress and lower resilience relative to pre-pandemic norms. Participants had high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Women who had an infant admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit had more stress. Income, full-time employment, and partnered relationships were associated with lower stress. Resilience and mastery were related to lower stress, depression, and anxiety. Black, Indigenous, or People of Color women showed higher stress and lower resiliency. Single women were likely to report lower levels of mastery than partnered women. Conclusion: Stress, depression, and anxiety were high in postpartum women in this study. Income, partnered relationships, and employment security, along with protective traits such as mastery and resilience, may reduce the impact of stress on postpartum women in a pandemic. Care models should be modified to support women during a pandemic. Health disparities exist in postpartum stress. Future interventions should focus on building resiliency and mastery and ensuring appropriate resources are available to postpartum women in a pandemic.

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Lingens, Solveigh P., Florian Schulz, Isabell Müller, Holger Schulz, and Christiane Bleich. "Associations between self-efficacy, distress and anxiety in cancer patient-relative dyads visiting psychosocial cancer support services: Using actor-partner interdependence modelling." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 17, 2021): e0255318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255318.

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Background Patients with cancer and their relatives often suffer from psychosocial burdens following a cancer diagnosis. Psychosocial cancer support services offer support for cancer patients and their relatives. Only a few studies have focused on associations of psychological factors within patient-relative dyads. This study aims to assess associations between the patients’ or relatives’ self-efficacy and their levels of distress and anxiety who seek help together at psychosocial cancer support centres. Methods Participants were recruited at two psychosocial cancer support centres in a major city in Germany. Patients with cancer and their relatives seeking support together received the questionnaire before their first support session. Self-efficacy was assessed with the Pearlin sense of mastery scale, distress with the distress thermometer and anxiety with the General Anxiety Disorder questionnaire (GAD-7). For the analysis, the actor-partner interdependence model was applied. Results The data analysis was based on 41 patient-relative dyads (patients: 39% women, mean age 53.5; relatives: 66% women, mean age 52.16). A significant actor effect from self-efficacy to distress was found for patients (r = -0.47) but not for relatives (r = -0.15). Partner effects from self-efficacy to distress were not significant (r = -0.03, r = -0.001). The actor effect from self-efficacy to anxiety for patients (r = -0.61) as well as relatives was significant (r = -0.62), whereas the partner effect was significant for patients (r = 0.16) but not for relatives (r = -0.46). Conclusion The results suggest that patients’ and relatives’ self-efficacy is associated with their distress and anxiety. Partner effects were visible for patients’ self-efficacy and relatives’ anxiety. These findings suggest that self-efficacy is an important factor for the psychological well-being of patients and relatives and that it may additionally be associated with the partners’ well-being. Longitudinal research with larger samples is needed to support the findings.

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Sakakura, Ikuko, Hidetsugu Tsuchida, Yoshitaka Sasaki, and Hisaki Hayashii. "Elemental analysis of cultured pearls by PIXE." International Journal of PIXE 27, no. 03n04 (January 2017): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083518500092.

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Cultured pearls are formed in pearl sacs comprising epithelial cells transplanted into mother-of-pearl. The formation mechanism is complicated and is still not fully understood. Previous studies have shown that the pearl formation is influenced by aquaculture environment and physiological activity of shellfish. The elemental compositions of seawater and freshwater pearls are significantly different. In this work, we used the particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique to perform elemental analysis of six types of pearls: ordinary and blue Akoya pearls, black-, gold-, and white-lipped oyster pearls, and freshwater Biwako pearl. We investigate the influence of trace elements in aquaculture environments on formation of mother-of-pearl or color. The Mn/Sr or Fe/Sr ratio for the freshwater pearl was found to be significantly higher than that for the seawater pearl. Comparing the sweater pearls, the gold-lipped oyster pearl has high value of Mn/Sr ratio. The Fe/Sr and Cu/Sr ratios for two Akoya pearls harvested from the Sea of Japan are relatively high compared with black-, gold-, and white-lipped oyster pearls from the South Sea.

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Yeung, Judy, and Thava Vasanthan. "Pearling of Hull-less Barley: Product Composition and Gel Color of Pearled Barley Flours As Affected by the Degree of Pearling." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 49, no. 1 (January 2001): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf000893e.

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SUGARMAN, LEONIE. "Steven H. Zarit, Leonard I. Pearlin and K. Warner Schaie (eds), Personal Control in Social and Life Course Contexts, Springer Publishing Company, New York, 2003, 316 pp., hbk $54.80, ISBN 0 8261 2402 X." Ageing and Society 23, no. 6 (October 29, 2003): 830–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x03311572.

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Cleary, Anne, Elizabeth Nixon, and Michael Fitzgerald. "Psychological health and well-being among young Irish adults." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 24, no. 4 (December 2007): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700010569.

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AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to examine and describe levels of psychological health and well-being in a group of young people living in Dublin.Method: A sample of 97 young people (50 males, 47 females) were assessed for psychological status, suicidal ideation, substance misuse, contact with the law, self-esteem and locus of control as well as various social indicators such as educational attainment and social connectedness. A screening version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis Diagnosis (SCID) was used to assess psychological functioning and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation was employed to ascertain suicidal ideation. Self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and locus of control was measured using a scale devised by Pearlin, Menaghan, Lieberman and Mullan (1981).Results: Symptom levels were high and approximately one fifth of respondents had a probable psychiatric condition (most commonly depression or anxiety). Yet, only a small percentage was receiving treatment for psychiatric difficulties. Over half of the participants had used nonprescription drugs at some time. Alcohol consumption was high, especially amongst male respondents. Over half of those interviewed were categorised as misusing alcohol and/or drugs and participants greatly underestimated their level of alcohol use. Approximately one-quarter had had some contact with the law which was related to deficits in educational attainment and the latter variable was associated with childhood economic disadvantage.Conclusions: These findings suggest that among a sample of 97 young Irish people, a high level of psychiatric symptomatology and excessive use of alcohol is evident. This remains largely untreated as only a small percentage of the group had sought help for psychological difficulties which suggests a need to address the issues of mental health awareness, alcohol use and the accessibility of services. The paper also underlines the association between economic disadvantage and lack of educational attainment with associated linkages to offending.

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Nakamura, Kazuhiro, Satoshi Hosono, Yasushi Uehara, and Tomohiko Ushiyama. "Varietal characteristics affecting pearled grain whiteness in six-row barley varieties for pearling use." Breeding Research 10, no. 2 (2008): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1270/jsbbr.10.49.

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Mckee, Kevin J. "Carol S. Aneshensel, Leonard I. Pearlin, Joseph T. Mullan, Steven H. Zarit, and Carol J. Whitlatch, Profiles in Caregiving: The Unexpected Career, Academic, San Diego, California, 1995, 385 pp., $39.95, ISBN 0 120 59540 0." Ageing and Society 16, no. 6 (November 1996): 805–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00020171.

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Ambarwati, Rini. "ALUMINIUM ANALYSIS IN EYE SHADOW USING ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETER." Journal of Science Innovare 2, no. 01 (December 5, 2019): 04–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/jsi.v2i01.1521.

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Industry is a human endeavor so that goods obtained from nature can be utilized as products that have a sale value and have a profitable profit in economic terms. Material from nature has chemicals that can be used for certain purposes, such as food, fuel, fuel, fertilizer, cosmetics, etc. so that human life becomes more comfortable. A chemical industry must pay attention to environmental sustainability and is expected to process materials that are safe for the environment, as well as products produced that are environmentally friendly. In the modern cosmetics industry, eyeshadow added pearly substances that have a shiny and radiant effect, in accordance with the current trend. Pearls derived from nature are Guanine, which comes from marine fish scales, are transparent and shiny crystals like pearls. Because Guanine is difficult to obtain, the producers replace it by adding synthetic pearls, including Aluminum metal powder. Aluminum is a metal used for basic materials of household appliances, but is contained in eyeshadow which functions as a pearling agent. Research on aluminum in eye shadow cosmetics has been carried out on the market. Quantitative analysis was carried out with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, the results obtained showed the presence of Aluminum with the results of all eyeshadow used as samples containing Aluminum, but the level was still below the permissible level of 10%. Aluminum content contained in the eyeshadow used as a sample is between 0.35 mg / gram-16.952 mg/gram or 0.35% -1.69%. The smallest one is in the Gold E color eyeshadow brand and the highest one in the Gold B brand eyeshadow

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Naseeb, Haifa Tawfeeq, Jongoh Lee, and Heejae Choi. "Elevating Cultural Preservation Projects into Urban Regeneration: A Case Study of Bahrain’s Pearling Trail." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 10, 2021): 6629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126629.

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The island of Muharraq in the Kingdom of Bahrain was previously in a state of socioeconomic disrepair and neglect, until the nine years-long “Pearling Trail” project revived the area. Historically, Muharraq’s importance inheres in it being the main trade center of the Middle East since the Mesopotamian period, especially as the source of the finest pearls in the world. However, the discovery of oil that led to the rapid urbanization of the region and Japan perfecting the production of cultured pearls had meant that Muharraq dwindled out of cultural significance. Due to the residents’ dissatisfaction and nostalgia for the island’s past glory, along with the government’s new policies towards cultural preservation, the “Pearling Trail” Project commenced in 2012. The Ministry of Culture of Bahrain repaired, renovated and preserved an area of 3.5 km, transforming it into an eco-museum with a thriving business and cultural community. The transformation of the island elevated the city into a trendy local attraction, hosting local and global cultural festivals and events, owing to the “Pearling Trail’s” Urban Regeneration Project’s success. By studying the “Pearling Trail” three success factors are identified: Project expansion beyond UNESCO preservation requirements, focus on sustainability and continuous use, and improved access to culture and cultural opportunities. Identifying these factors could allow for future preservation projects in Bahrain or elsewhere to be upgraded for urban regeneration or revitalization.

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Vink, Markus. "Pearls, People, and Power: Pearling and Indian Ocean worlds; Octopus Crowd: Maritime history and the business of Australian pearling in its schooner age." Mariner's Mirror 106, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 491–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2020.1820738.

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Wang, Wuyi, Kenneth Scarratt, Akira Hyatt, Andy Hsi-Tien Shen, and Matthew Hall. "Identification of "Chocolate Pearls" Treated by Ballerina Pearl Co." Gems & Gemology 42, no. 4 (January 1, 2006): 222–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/gems.42.4.222.

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Goodwin, John. "Searching for pearls: ‘Doing’ biographical research on Pearl Jephcott." Contemporary Social Science 14, no. 3-4 (May 6, 2018): 528–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2018.1470329.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pearlin'

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