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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Peasantry'
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Day, Alexander F. "Return of the peasant : history, politics and the peasantry in postsocialist China /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Lindemann, Carmen Suzana Fontes. ""Landless peasant" activism in Brazil : fighting for social inclusion though land reform /." Connect to thesis, 2010. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/8495.
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Tan, Graham Kee Lee. "Peasant action and village social organisation : the peasantry of right bank Ukraine during the revolution 1917-1923." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299920.
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Salim, Tamari. "The dislocation and reconstitution of Peasantry." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510045.
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The war of 1948 has had a major dislocating impact on the various institutions of Palestinian society. This study attempts to examine the consequences of this dislocation on the agrarian regime in two ecological zones of central Palestine: the dry farming regions in the highlands of the West Bank, and the intensive farming areas of the Western Valley of the Jordan. Explanations are provided for the persistence and even prosperity of peasant communities which have undergone a process of protracted 'de-peasantisation' in areas of marginal and marginalized dry farming. Variables of landlessness, wage labour, tenancy forms, and population movements are utilized to interpret current trends in Palestinian rural society in the light of four village case studies. Particular attention is directed towards the consolidation of a stratum of peasant-workers and their future in the context of Israeli annexation of Arab land, and integration of the Palestinian labour force into the Israeli economy. At a different level of analysis,. the study examines the manner in which the dispossessed peasants of coastal Palestine re-constituted themselves in a new rural economy under conditions of intensified agriculture and capitalization of farm inputs in a process identified here as 're-peasantisation'. In this context, the thesis discusses the decline of patrimonial relations and the subjugation of peasants to relations of dependency under the new agricultural technology. Finally, changes in the social economy of Palestinian villages are compared to features of rural transformation in Europe and the third world today
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Sorie, K. K. I. "Transformation of Liberian peasantry under peripheral capitalism." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382757.
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Safarik, Bradley. "Strategic abandon : Angolan peasantry under MPLA domination." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0338.
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Le passé colonial a longtemps servi comme guide pour le gouvernement angolais et sa vision de réimaginer les espaces futurs dans la périphérie. Cependant, une confluence d’influences historiques et d’intérêts politiques a entravé la revitalisation du secteur au détriment de la production agricole et des angolais ruraux. Avec le secteur agricole comme toile de fond, nous essayons de montrer comment le modèle illibéral de la reconstruction de l’état a profité de sa présence ‘socialiste’ prolongée dans l’économie rurale pour retarder le développement des initiatives économiques indépendantes, a privé la paysannerie des ressources publiques, et a investi significativement dans des parties segmentées où le contrôle des ressources reste dans les flux d’influence des élites. Cette stratégie a effectivement abandonné une grande partie des populations rurales, bien que le monopole sur le pouvoir de la distribution des ressources se soit affaibli avec l’arrivée des acteurs non-étatiques dans la campagne. Ce nouvel élément a permis le renforcement de la capacité de pouvoir d’agir (agency) endogène rural, exemplifié par la formation de Rede Terra et sa campagne nationale pour influencer la dernière loi de la terre. La domination via l’abandon s’avère une stratégie efficace pour imposer son autorité où elle est la plus faible. Cependant, une intention véritable de diversification économique exigerait une approche plus populaire. Il reste à savoir si le gouvernement est disposé à renoncer à sa stratégie de domination<br>Angola’s colonial past has served as a symbolic lodestar for the government’s plans reimagining the future spaces of the countryside. However, a confluence of historical influences and partisan political aims has weighed heavy on the plans behind revitalizing the sector to the detriment of agricultural production and rural Angolans alike. With the agricultural sector as its backdrop, we attempt to expose how the government’s illiberal peacebuilding model has intentionally used its prolonged ‘socialist’ presence in the rural economy to stunt private economic initiatives, deprived its peripheral populations of public resources, and only significantly invested in segmented areas where resource control remained within elite channels of influence. This strategy effectively abandoned large swathes of rural communities, though the monopoly hold on the power of resource distribution was broken down with the arrival of Non-State Actors in the countryside. The entrance of this new element allowed for the strengthening of the capacity of endogenous rural agency, exemplified by the formation of Rede Terra and its national campaign to influence the latest land law. Domination through abandon has proven an effective strategy of imposing its authority where it remains the weakest, though any real attempt at economic diversification would require a more popular approach. It remains to be seen whether the government is willing to renounce its strategy of domination<br>O passado colonial angolano tem servido como uma estrela guiada pelo governo em sua reimaginação de espaços futuros na periferia. Entretanto, uma confluência de influências históricas e de alvos políticos pesou nos planos da revitalização do sector económico em detrimento da produção agrícola e das populações rurais. Tendo o sector agrícola como pano de fundo, tentamos, na nossa pesquisa, explicar como o modelo iliberal de reconstrução do país se tem aproveitado da presença ‘socialista’ estendida pelo governo na economia rural, a fim de tolher as iniciativas econômicas particulares, privando as populações de recursos públicos, investindo significativamente só em áreas segmentadas onde o controlo dos recursos permaneceram dentro de canais de influência das elites. Essa estratégia, efetivamente, abandonou grandes partes das comunidades rurais. Embora, o monopólio sobre o poder da distribuição de recursos se tenha fragilizado com a chegada dos atores não-estatais nas periferias. A presença desse novo elemento permitiu o fortalecimento da capacidade endógena da ação (agency) rural, exemplificado na formação da Rede Terra e sua campanha nacional mobilizada em torno da nova lei de terras. A dominação pelo abandono se revelou uma estratégia eficaz na imposição de sua autoridade onde ela permaneceu a mais fraca, porém qualquer tentativa genuína de diversificação económica requereria uma abordagem mais popular. A questão que fica é se o governo está preparado à renunciar sua estratégia de dominação
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Talbot, Mandy. "Farm tourisn in Wales : a new peasantry perspective." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.704557.
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This PhD examines farm tourism in Wales, a marginal area for farming which is, at the same time, popular for tourism due to its high quality natural environment. This is a timely study as it is now over two decades since farm tourism was promoted through rural development policies as a way to support the farm household and revitalise rural economies. In the intervening years farm tourism has evolved and become a professional sector. It is therefore important to understand how the farm tourism sector has developed, and the impact that farm tourism has had on the farm household and wider rural economy. To date, there has been limited research in these areas. This PhD addresses these gaps. The study contributes to theory by examining farm tourism from Ploeg?s (2008) new peasantry perspective. It examines how peasant farming principles apply in the context of farm tourism development and operation in the early twenty-first century. The premise of the study is that the new peasantry?s struggle for increased autonomy is achieved through the development of their resource base. The literature review compares Ploeg?s (2008) new peasantry theory to other approaches examining farm development, most notably entrepreneurship. It outlines why the new peasantry is the most suitable theoretical approach to examining farm tourism. Ploeg?s (2008) theoretical framework is then adapted in order to specifically examine farm tourism. The research profiles the new peasantry in the context of farm tourism and finds that there are three significantly different groups operating farm tourism which benefit from it in different ways. These groups include diversifying farmers on larger and smaller farms, and lifestyle movers. The research identifies the resources that farm tourism operators have drawn upon in creating their farm tourism products. This provides an understanding of what the modern, multifunctional farm tourism product is, and in doing so broadens the definition of farm tourism. The research identifies four broad approaches taken to develop the farm tourism business facilities. These were based on whether the development approach followed, characterised peasant or capitalist behaviour, and whether or not growth was pursued. The research briefly examines market relationships, and finds that following a collaborative approach improves levels of trade. Finally, the research finds that, for the majority of operators, farm tourism has benefitted the farm household. The vast majority of operators report that farm tourism has been successful in achieving their overall goals, and that they plan to continue with farm tourism in the future. This suggests that farm tourism in Wales is a viable long term strategy. The research also finds that those taking advantage of farm tourism opportunities in the twenty-first century are those in a more favourable financial position. From a policy perspective, findings show that rural development support has played a key role in assisting farm tourism business start-up and growth. However, grants are only available to those who already have access to financial resources and do little to support the struggling farmer. At the same time policy challenges hinder the farm tourism sector in Wales, preventing it from achieving its full potential. Recommendations have been made to address these issues. The adapted new peasantry framework has proved suitable and has provided new insights into farm tourism. The framework examines farm tourism development as a process, and provides an understanding of how operators? contexts will affect their progression through the framework and the degrees of peasant or capitalist behaviour that they exhibit. When applying the model, it is also important to recognise how policy influences the development of farm tourism. Therefore, the application of the model would need to factor in the specific policy environment of the study location.
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Gray, R. W. B. "Land reform and the Hungarian peasantry, c.1700-1848." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/19321/.
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This thesis examines the nature of lord-peasant relations in the final stages of Hungarian seigneurialism, dating roughly from 1700 to the emancipation of the peasantry in 1848. It investigates how the terms of the peasants’ relations with their lords, especially their obligations and the rights to the land they farmed, were established, both through written law and by customary practice. It also examines how the reforms of this period sought to redefine lord-peasant relations and rights to landed property. Under Maria Theresa land reform had been a means to protect the rural status quo and the livelihood of the peasantry: by the end of the 1840s it had become an integral part of a liberal reform movement aiming at the complete overhaul of Hungary’s ‘feudal’ social and economic system. In this period the status of the peasantry underpinned all attempts at reform. All reforms were claimed to be in the best interests of the peasantry, yet none stemmed from the peasants themselves. Conversely, the peasantry had means to voice their grievances through petitions and recourse to the courts, and took the opportunity provided by the reforms to reassert their rights and renegotiate the terms of their relations to their landlords. By examining the petitions, court cases, and negotiations between lords and peasants, the thesis examines how far peasant needs and expectations were understood by those enacting the reforms, and whether these were met by the new laws. In doing so, the thesis investigates how peasant rights to the land were established, challenged or undermined and how the peasants reacted to the changes imposed upon them as Hungarian seigneurialism was dismantled in the years before 1848.
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Håkansson, Jakob. "The Peasant Imagined : Social Imaginary and Social Order in Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Century Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-322560.
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The purpose of this thesis is to illuminate how the Swedish peasantry was perceived by the Swedish Burgher, Clerical, and Noble Estates during the eighteenth and early nineteenth century. By studying the Diet protocols of each Estate from three Diets, and by applying the concept of social imaginary, it considers what a peasant was perceived to be, who was perceived to be a peasant, and how these perceptions changed. The period under investigation is a time when the orders of society began to change and the peasantry underwent a process of radicalization. It is also a time when the way people perceived themselves changed, from a perception of “the self” heavily influenced by the collective, to a more individualistic one. These circumstances made the Estates question the traditional ideal of what a peasant was, re-writing the social script of the peasantry to include new attributes, duties, and virtues than it did a century earlier. Three main categories are used and aims at exploring the peasantry’s perceived social dignity, political role, and economic function, each representing its respective order in estate society. The study has shown how the Estates perceived peasants to be simple, uneducated, and foolish in the early stages of the Age of Liberty (1718–1772), and that the social dignity of a peasant was fundamental in conceptualizing what and who a peasant was. This changed towards the end of the century and became much more diverse and complex during the early nineteenth century. By the early 1820’s, the Noble and Clerical Estates perceived them as competent, responsible, and as being capable of betterment and upward mobility in a spiritual and worldly sense. The Burgher Estate perceived them as self-righteous, rustic, and intrusive as they had begun to invade their cities, steeling their livelihood, and thus threatening their entire existence as an estate. The economic transformations of the period also proved how the economic function of the peasantry was now to a larger degree emphasized as the determinative factor of what social dignity and political role they should have.<br><p>The author has changed name to Jakob Starlander.</p>
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Jones, J. "The peasantry, the party and the state in Guine-Bissau." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234385.
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Galvin, Mathew James. "The enlightened peasantry Zhang Xianliang' s perspective on thought reform." Thesis, Boston University, 1999. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/28568.
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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.<br>PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.<br>2031-01-02
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Cruz, Manuel de Jesus Masulo da. "Territorialização componesa na várzea da Amazônia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-03122007-112229/.
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Esta tese analisa as transformações territoriais ocorridas na produção camponesa nas áreas de várzea, nas últimas décadas, decorrentes da expansão capitalista na Amazônia. A área da pesquisa compreende um trecho do baixo rio Solimões, no município de Manacapuru, no estado do Amazonas, onde foram selecionadas três localidades: Costa do Pesqueiro, Costa do Arapapá e Lago São Lourenço. Para compreender os camponeses-ribeirinhos na várzea amazônica, partese do pressuposto de que é necessário observá-los no interior do desenvolvimento capitalista no campo, fundamentado no processo de monopolização do território, na qual o capital contraditoriamente monopoliza o território sem, contudo, territorializar-se. Isto significa que o capitalismo se expande de forma contraditória, ou seja, não expropria os camponeses, porém, os transforma e efetua a metamorfose da renda da terra em capital. Este estudo procura entender como a expansão do capitalismo gerou profundas transformações nas relações dos camponeses-ribeirinhos com as diferentes territorialidades que configuram seu modo de vida. Essas territorialidades foram definidas em agropastoris, aquáticas e florestais. A primeira se refere ao uso da terra na várzea amazônica, na qual são discutidas as diferentes formas de ocupação familiar da terra, tanto as existentes quanto as acrescidas. Outra preocupação é discutir as formas de uso comum da terra. A segunda trata do uso da água no que se refere às atividades haliêuticas e está dividida no uso do ambiente lago, utilizado de forma comum e no uso do ambiente rio, no caso o rio Solimões, onde as águas são de aceso livre e de uso comum. A terceira está pautada no uso da floresta, em que são analisadas as diferentes formas de territorialidades florestais.<br>This thesis analyses the territorial changes in the campestral production in the holm area, in the cast decades, resulting from the capitalist expansion in Amazonia. The research area includes a stretch of the low-river Solimões, in Manacapuru town in Amazonas state, where selected: Costa do Pesqueiro, Costa do Arapapá and São Lourenço Lake. To understand the \"camponeses-ribeirinhos\" in amazonian holm, we begin with the presupposition that is necessary to observ them inside the capitalist development in the countryside, grounded in the process of territory monopolization in which the money contradictorily monopolizes the territory without territorializine it. It means that the capitalism increases in a contradictory way; it does not expropriate the peasants, but changes them and stimulates the transformation of the land gains into money. This study tries to understand how the expansion of the capitalism created deep changes in the relations of the \"camponeses-ribeirinhos\" with different territorialities that configures their way of life. These territorialities were defined in \"agropastoris\", aquatic forestal. The first one refers to the use of the land in the amazonian holms, where different forms of familiar occupation are treated. Concerning as the existing ones as the new ones. Another preoccupation is to discuss the forms of common use of the land. The second one is associated to the use of the water related to the halieutic activities and it is divided into the use of the lake environment used as common way and the use of the river environment, as in the Solimões case, where the waters are of free access and of common use. The third one is associated with the use of the forest, in which the different forms of the forestall territorialities are analysed.
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Osmond, Jonathan. "The free peasantry : agrarian protest in the Bavarian Palatinate, 1893-1933." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:18ff2c23-f1b2-47a8-99b8-093dce81e7c7.
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This is a study of a German peasant pressure group of the 1920s. It is intended as a contribution to the debate about the role of the agrarian interest in the development of modern German politics. Its geographical scope is primarily the Bavarian Palatinate, but attention is also given to broader areas of the Rhineland and Bavaria. It is hoped too that light is cast upon issues common to large parts of Germany. The Free Peasantry (Freie Bauernschaft) developed a new concept of peasant trade unionism, which it hoped would assert peasant interests against those of industrial labour. Taking hold in small-farm areas of western and southern Germany, it lasted only from its foundation on the Lower Rhine in 1919 to its dissolution in the Saar territory in 1934, and for the even shorter period of 1920-29 in the Palatinate itself. In the Palatinate, however, it had a huge impact, launching agricultural delivery strikes against the postwar controlled economy and in 1923 providing the leader of most successful of the Rhenish separatist Putsche. The thesis places the Free Peasantry in the context of agrarian organisation and protest from the foundation of the Agrarian League (Bund der Landwirte) to the first year of National Socialist rule. These years saw the growth and then the disintegration of the freely organised peasant interest. Emphasis is placed on the agricultural economy, particularly during the inflation and the depression, and the central question posed is how the peasantry tried to find a satisfactory representation of its interests during these years of economic turmoil. The main sources were official papers in the Bavarian and Rhineland archives, the newspapers of the peasant associations, and the author's interview with the former chairman of the Free Peasantry.
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Foster, Samuel. "Representing the South Slavonic peasantry in British popular discourse, 1900-1918." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2015. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/68082/.
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This study explores the link between perceptions of British identity in the early twentieth century and representations of foreign cultures, focusing on the South Slavonic peasant communities of the Balkan territories which formed the first Yugoslavia in December 1918. Utilising a range of source materials, including archival documents, memoirs, press articles and scientific literature, it presents an original perspective on Anglo-Balkan engagement – in the specific historical context of Yugoslavia’s creation as opposed to the region in general – from a social, rather than political, dimension. Furthermore, it challenges previous historical interpretations of this period as representing merely the conclusion of a ‘long-nineteenth’ or the beginning of a ‘short-twentieth’ century process of ‘othering’. In doing so, it contributes to the study of Western engagement with southeastern Europe before the Second World War. Despite Britain entering the twentieth century as the dominant world power, public discourse became imbued with distinct cultural pessimism, stemming from a range of social anxieties surrounding the future of British identity, which increasingly undermined nineteenth-century ideals of modernity and progress. By the 1910s, these latent anxieties had even permeated into elite, supposedly unrelated, debates on the contemporary Balkans, recalibrating the image of the South Slavonic peasantry as an allegory for Britain’s perceived ‘decline’. Reactions to regional violence signalled this shift, forging a metanarrative of peasant victimhood in the face of modernity’s worst excesses yet also feeding into the emerging notion that Britain had a moral duty to resist such forces. The deployment of thousands of British military and civilian personnel in the Balkans, compounded by a vigorous domestic propaganda campaign, saw this process reach its apotheosis in the First World War: Yugoslavia’s creation was legitimised as the solution to peasant victimisation and became integral to Britain’s imagined revival as civilisation’s moral arbiter.
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Chan, Hoi-Yan Erica 1975. "Peasantry to industry : labor and Chinese cokemaking township and village enterprises." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65062.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2002.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 146-151).<br>This study examines the symbiotic relationship between labor relations and the resilience and performance of regional economies. I hypothesize that the institutional structure of the recent phenomenon of Chinese Township and Village Enterprises (TVEs) creates opportunities for industrial labor relations that contribute to their economic performance. I conduct two case studies, first the experiences of the Monongahela (Mon) Valley steel industry in the United States in the mid-1980s and then the more recent experiences of the Shanxi Province cokemaking sector in rural China in the late-1990s to early 2000s. They illustrate the mechanisms through which the cultural, social, economic and industrial environments influence labor market practices, which in turn affect the regional economy. I propose that sour labor relations were partly responsible for the economic and social deterioration of the Mon Valley. Then, I claim that the unique institutional environments in which Chinese TVEs operate are conducive to positive labor-management relations and labor practices that render these enterprises competitive in the global economy. An agrarian culture, the prevalence of dense social networks in the form of guanxi, and the nature and structure of the firms all contribute to the Shanxi Cokemaking TVEs' competitive advantage. To conduct this study, I review existing literature and research studies, official statistics, as well as use empirical plant-level survey data and make site visits. I conclude that there is room for experimental labor relations that can be growth and labor-friendly. As a developing country, China has much to learn from the industrialization and de-industrialization processes of her Western counterparts, such as the United States. At the same time, U.S. management and workers may also benefit from learning about the TVE experience. The deep-seeded social capital and emphasis on long-term harmonious relationships should allow Chinese management and workers in the quickly industrializing countryside to create an innovative, cooperative forum of interactions.<br>by Hoi-Yan Erica Chan.<br>M.C.P.
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Musat, R. "Sociologists and the transformation of the peasantry in Romania, 1925-1940." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317778/.
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This thesis examines the role of sociology in producing visions of rural transformation in interwar Romania. Focusing on the Bucharest School of Sociology, led by Dimitrie Gusti, whose studies in many ways shaped broader academic, social, and political views of the peasantry, it traces the establishment of the discipline as a reputable source of knowledge about the countryside and examines the ways in which sociologists conceptualised and sought to influence the ongoing transformation of rural Romania. The theme of transformation therefore runs through the various stages in the production of sociological knowledge, from the encounter between sociologists and the peasantry, to the intellectual debates over their findings, and to the various blueprints for rural transformation the School produced, considering how sociology shaped and was in turn shaped by its relationship with both the rural world and the state. It explores the constant shift between the lament over social and cultural change in the countryside and the desire to manage its modernisation scientifically. Examining the Bucharest School of Sociology challenges existing conceptual divisions used to understand the politics of interwar Romania. The thesis argues that the School's ethos drew in intellectuals of both the right and the left, all of whom believed that scientific knowledge harnessed to the power of the state was the only solution to Romania's 'agrarian question'. Moreover, this study makes an important contribution to the existing literature on the role of social sciences in state-building and modernisation processes by placing Romanian sociology in a wider interwar intellectual effort of finding the perfect balance between rurality and modernity. It complements and casts new light on studies concentrating mainly on Western states, colonial regimes and the Soviet Union, by looking at how the intellectuals of an independent agrarian state sought to aid its modernisation and integration into the world capitalist system. Finally, it uncovers issues that are very relevant for current debates about the fate of the peasantry in developing countries.
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Hillman, Carolyn. "The impact of Bolshevik agrarian policies on the Soviet peasantry, 1928-1933 /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arh654.pdf.
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Echlin, M. R. "The statistics of the Russian peasantry in the nineteenth century : a history." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305667.
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Pankhurst, H. "Women, the peasantry and the state in Ethopia : a study from Menz." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.660313.
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This thesis is based on fieldwork carried out in 1988-89 in a rural community within Mcnz, a highland Amhara society of Northern Shewa, Ethiopia. It considers two sets of interactions operative in a Peasants' Association. These are, firstly, the relationship between the State and the peasantry and secondly, relations between men and women. In both cases the focus of analysis is on understanding and explaining the position and the channels of actions of the subordinate group - the peasantry and women. In the first of the empirical chapters, the effects of the State and the community's attitudes to it arc considered in the context of the activities of various associations, cooperatives, campaigns and ministries through which the State administers the population. The following chapter focuses on the particular policy, the Villagization campaign. The complexity of its overall effects on a heterogeneous population are illustrated. Consideration is given to areas of mismatch between Government theory and practice, between what the State conceives and what the peasantry understand to be happening, between the impact of the State on men and on women. Having explored the significant areas of the society in which there is State involvement, the thesis is increasingly devoted to the areas of people's lives which the State has not penetrated. Some activities are more visible than others, both to the State and within society. In Mcnz, ploughing is a male domain which cannot exist without crop processing, a female domain. Livestock husbandry, and other activities such as spinning and fuel production show the ways in which women arc marginalized, while accounting for their vital role in the economy. The phenomenon! of marital instability and the relationship between spouses points to the hardship and dissatisfaction in unions. It also demonstrates women's ability to play an active role in decisions that affect their position. Neither State nor Church have had much success in regulating the forms of contracts and numbers of marriages an individual goes through. Government policies have been directed at the household as a single unit, oblivious of the frequency of divorce, the demographic cycle of the household and the stratifications within it. The identity and valuation of women is established, at least in part, by their rcproductory abilities; and life giving events are firmly within their domain. Yet women's experiences, such as menstruation and pregnancy, arc camouflaged; their blood has to be purified through holy water and the mediation of a priest. The burdens of biology and the social constructions of womanhood arc not considered by the State. Similarly, death is a crucial occasion in which the State plays no part. Despite its attempts at radical transformation, the State has made little attempt to affect lifecycle events, its priorities being established elsewhere. The dominant Orthodox Christian religion is one which gives power to men, however, women find support, particularly in the figure of Mary and, in addition, they prevail in an alternative, socially marginalized and eclecit spirit-belief system. The various forms of religion, in particular the spirit-belief system, exist despite the conflicting ideologies of a State inbued with Socialist modernizing values. The State ideology has had little impact on rural beliefs and its local legitimacy rests, in part, on a manipulation of Christianity. The empirical data presented in the body of the thesis is brought together in the final chapter. The interrelationships emerge between different spheres of State intervention, between the household economy, religion, marital relations and lifecycle events. All these considerations combine to show how women are oppressed, but also how women take control; to show how peasants are constrained and influenced by the State, but also how peasants' lives remain directed by themselves and the battle against limited resources.
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Adamo, Mario. "Sedes et rura : landownership and the Roman peasantry in the Late Republic." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0ebb3b79-9299-467c-ae10-8b700c24b8ef.
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This thesis reconsiders the cultural and economic relevance of landownership for the Roman republican peasants. In the Introduction, I define direct agricultural producers (hereafter 'peasants') as the object of my investigation. In Chapter 1, I argue that throughout the republic peasants owned little or no land, and private landholdings had a marginal role in peasants' production strategies. The frequent land schemes did not make the distribution of property more egalitarian, because they were not designed for that purpose, and due to their poverty peasants were unable to maintain control of the allotments. In Chapter 2, I explain that in ancient literature peasants were idealized as symbols of complete independence and self-sufficiency, and in political reflection they were considered the most perfect citizens. In accordance with the widespread view that Roman power had peaked and was now declining, already by the time of Fabius Pictor early and middle republican Rome was idealized as a society of peasants, whose supposed decline was threatening the republic. I conclude that in the Gracchan period peasants' discontent may have been a consequence of growing inequality, rather than utter impoverishment. In Chapter 3, I argue that in order to understand whether the free peasantry was actually declining we should consider variations in peasants' opportunities for dependent labour on the one hand, marketing on the other. Therefore, I reconsider the available data on the demography of Roman Italy and on commercial agriculture. I conclude that, while peasants could profit from increased access to markets, there is no conclusive evidence that competition for labour grew. In Chapter 4 I explain that the late republican peasants were perfectly aware that land had an economic value, and were even able to carry out evaluations. I suggest that this was a consequence of census procedures.
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Ahmed, Zahir. "Knowledges, risk and power : agriculture and development discourse in a coastal village in Bangladesh." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302311.
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Smith, Sally Victoria. "A social archaeology of the late medieval English peasantry : power, community and gender." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2006. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12847/.
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This thesis sets out to develop an archaeological approach to the study of the late medieval English peasantry that allows issues of power, resistance, gender and community to be addressed. It is identified at the outset that the aims of the majority of late medieval rural archaeology are those to do with long-term issues of settlement development and determinations of the chronology and function of material culture types. This thesis puts an alternative interpretive emphasis on the material culture and documentary evidence of the period and focuses on the ways in which detailed, contextual studies of medieval settlements facilitate the investigation of more `social' issues. A case-study approach is advocated and utilised here, as a central contention of the work is that specific aspects of medieval material culture, such as, for example, regular village plans or lordly insignia on churches, do not have one meaning applicable throughout all contexts, and that these contextual meanings only become clear when all the available evidence for a specific settlement is taken into account. The focus is, therefore, on the examination of three Yorkshire villages which contained evidence of peasant settlement, standing buildings, as well as documentary records. In addition, the material culture and documentary evidence of the immediate regions of these villages are investigated in order to further contextualise the suggestions regarding the peasants' experience of power, resistance, community and gender that are put forward. These case studies are followed by a chapter which investigates similar issues as they pertain to four classes of medieval material culture which are dealt with thematically. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the nature of gendered power among the medieval peasantry. The importance of deconstructing deeply-entrenched ideas about `public' and `private' as well as about the nature of power is stressed, and an argument is advanced which suggests that when these concepts are critiqued and the centrality of social practice to discussions of power is acknowledged, it is possible to suggest that medieval peasant women may not have experienced gendered differences as oppressive.
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Santos, Thiago Araújo. "Agroecologia como prática social: feiras agroecológicas e insubordinação camponesa na Paraíba." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-10012011-115446/.
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Tomando como base o instrumental analítico desenvolvido na Geografia, particularmente na Geografia Humana, esta dissertação apresenta uma análise de algumas feiras agroecológicas organizadas por camponeses de assentamentos e comunidades rurais localizadas na Paraíba. A investigação de aspectos relativos ao processo de formação das feiras agroecológicas analisadas, bem como de elementos específicos da organização, produção e comercialização, levou-nos a considerá-las enquanto uma estratégia configurada pelos camponeses e assessores técnicos com o propósito de viabilizar a superação de adversidades no processo produtivo e de circulação da produção agrícola. Desta maneira, como decorrência da própria investigação empreendida, as feiras agroecológicas foram equacionadas como produto de um esforço dos camponeses paraibanos dirigido à superação de mecanismos de subordinação ao capital comercial e industrial no campo. Ao constituírem-se como formas de insubordinação camponesa, as feiras agroecológicas estudadas contribuíram, em grande medida, para viabilizar um maior controle dessa parcela do campesinato sobre o trabalho familiar e seus frutos, materializando assim frações territoriais dotadas de importantes especificidades.<br>Taking as base the analytical instrumental developed in the Geography, particularly in the Human Geography, this work presents an analysis of some agro-ecological fairs organized by peasants of settlements and rural communities located in Paraiba. The investigation of relative aspects to the process of formation of the agro-ecological fairs analysed, as well as of specific elements of the organization, production and marketing, made us consider them as a strategy shaped by the peasants and technical advisers with the purpose of making feasible the overcoming of adversities in the productive process and, also, of circulation of the agricultural production. In this way, as a consequence of the undertaken investigation, the agro-ecological fairs were equated as a result of an effort of the peasants from Paraíba guided to the overcoming of mechanisms of subordination to the commercial and industrial capital in the countryside. Constituted as ways of peasants insubordination, the agro-ecological fairs studied contributed, in great measure, to make feasible a major control of this portion of the peasantry on the familiar work and its products, materializing, in this manner, territorial fractions composed by important specificities.
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Mack, James Robert. "The persistence of the peasantry, capitalist development and pre-capitalist agricultural production in Kenya." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0003/MQ28229.pdf.
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Taitt, Glenroy Ruthven Peter. "'Jardin Creole' : domestic food production by the peasantry in Trinidad and Guadeloupe, 1897-1946." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307731.
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This thesis is a comparative economic study of domestic food production by the peasantry in two West Indian societies, Trinidad and Guadeloupe. It examines the period 1897 to 1946; Trinidad was then under British rule while Guadeloupe was a French colony. The study relates the evolution of domestic food production to fluctuations in export agriculture, revealing a strong inverse relationship between the two, in both colonies. The level of food imports also stimulated or stiffled domestic food production. Therefore, the domestic agricultural sector in Trinidad and Guadeloupe alike was never autonomous. The study draws on underdevelopment theory to highlight the analysis. The role of the colonial government is the major contrast between the two colonies. In Guadeloupe, except during W.W.II, the government was extremely supportive of the peasantry and their domestic food crops. In Trinidad, on the other hand, the government was largely indifferent, except during the Second World War. The difference in policy stemmed from republicanism in Guadeloupe and the Crown colony system in Trinidad. The study relies heavily on (basic) statistical information as well as other primary data. But information on domestic food production has, understandably, been difficult to come by. As a consequence the research has drawn on significant pieces of secondary works as well. As a comparative work, this thesis is distinctive as there are very few studies of West Indian history which compare British and French West Indian colonies. Moreover, there are equally few works in English on the French West Indies.
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Walton, S. J. "Images of the peasantry in Norwegian National Romanticism and the works of Ivar Aasen." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372915.
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Nebojša, Petrović. "Промене друштвених односа у пољопривреди Војводине и њен развој 1950-1957. године". Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Filozofski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2014. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=90055&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Agrarna politika vlasti u periodu od 1945-1950. godine jeshodno ideološkim određenjima, bila usmerena na promenudruštvenih odnosa na selu. Međutim, osim ideološkihrazloga ne treba zanemariti činjenicu da je usitnjen zemljišniposed već ispoljio mnoge slabosti i da su u uslovimauvećane potražnje za poljoprivrednim proizvodima ti problemidodatno ubedili vlast u neophodnost koncentracijezemlje i formiranja krupnih, pre svega, zadružnih gazdinstava.U cilju realizacije tog cilja, primenjene su rigidneekonomske i političke mere, naročito na prostoru Vojvodinemeđu kojima je bilo i brutalnih metoda izrazito oprečnihtradicionalnim vrednostima i etičkom kodeksu očuvanom useoskim sredinama. Ovakva agrarna politika izazvala jeveliko nezadovoljstvo seljaštva i veliki pad poljoprivredneproizvodnje. Razni vidovi opstrukcije velikog dela stanovništvaprema državi i strah od gladi u jeku sukoba sa SSSRom,ubedili su partijsko rukovodstvo zemlje u neophodnostpromene dotadašnjeg odnosa prema poljoprivredi i seljaštvu.Mada se nije lako odustajalo od politike kolektivizacije, gorenavedeni razlozi doveli su do njenog napuštanja već1950. godine, a zadružni sistem od 1953. godine transformisanje u ekonomski racionalnije organizacije. Ove promene,nisu značile i kraj primene revolucionarnih mera naselu. One su posebno naglašene 1953. godine ograničenjemprivatnog poseda na 10 hektara po domaćinstvu.Ipak, agrarna politika KPJ od tada se razvija na principimavećeg uvažavanja seljaštva i uspostavljanja ekonomskesaradnje sa privatnim posedom. Novu politiku karakterišedobrovoljnost kooperacije i značajnije ulaganje u prerađivačkuindustriju i poljoprivredu proizvodnju.<br>Agrarian policy of the Government in the period from 1945to 1950, according to ideological determinations, waspointed to the changes of social relations in a village. However,beside ideological reasons, it should not be neglectedthe fact that fragmented land property had already shownmany weaknesses and that in the circumstances of higherrequests for agricultural products, those issues persuadedthe Government in the necessity of gathering land andforming large collective economies. In order to realize thatgoal, rigid economic and political measures were taken,especially in the territory of Vojvodina, some of them verybrutal, totally opposite to traditional values and ethical codexpreserved in rural areas. This agrarian policy causedgreat discontent among peasantry and huge decline of agriculturalproduction. Different ways of obstruction by peopletowards the state and the fear of hunger in the middleof the conflict with Soviet Union (USSR), persuaded theParty leader-ship of the State in the necessity of changingthe relation towards agriculture and peasantry.Even though it was not easy to give up the policy of collectivization,reasons mentioned above brought to it's abandonmentin 1950, and collective economy sys-tem wastransformed in 1953 into economically more rational organizations.Those changes did not led to the end of userevolutionary measures in a village. They were even emphasizedin 1953 by limiting the private properties to 10hectares per house-holds. However, agrarian policy sincethat period was developing on the principles of higher respectof the peasantry and establishing cooperation withprivate property. New policy was characterized by willinglycooperation and significant investment in manufacturingindustry and agrarian production.
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Selim, Gul Rukh. "Peasant political practice in Bangladesh : an analysis of changing relations of appropriation." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63256.
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Morena, Edouard. "The Confederation Paysanne as 'peasant' movement : re-appropriating 'peasantness' for the advancement of organisational interests." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2011. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-confederation-paysanne-as-peasant-movement(0c81f776-ea63-4fd8-8139-d49d5caaaaf8).html.
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As a founding member of the Via Campesina (1993) and active participant in the Global Justice Movement (the altermondialiste movement in France), the Confederation paysanne (CP) - which literally stands for 'peasant confederation' - has been presented in academic and activist circles as a key player in the struggle against neoliberal globalisation, and as a contributor to the emergence of new transnational activist networks and a 'global civil society'. As a trade union representing the interests of 'peasants', the CP has been praised as an innovative form of professional organisation whose originality lies in its ability to defend farmers' interests while at the same time responding to a broader set of challenges for the planet and those who populate it (environmental degradation, cultural homogeneity, social injustice). As a result, the CP - and in particular its emblematic leader Jose Bove - was rapidly propelled to the forefront of a new progressive avant-garde whose discourse on the cultural and economic threats of neoliberalism found a positive echo in farming and non-farming circles alike. -- Yet, as I shall argue throughout the following pages, the CP's success was not only related to its successful response to the new challenges for the 'peasantry' and society but also to its re-appropriation of popular and essentialist representations of 'peasantness' as a timeless and intrinsically egalitarian condition. From the moment that we recognise this, our understanding of the union's evolving popularity changes. Many observers and activists, for example, explained the CP's disappointing result in the 2007 professional elections by arguing that the CP was ahead of its time.
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Ângelo, Daniel Dias [UNESP]. "Do sonho à luta de sobrevivência na Amazônia: a caminhada das famílias camponesas do Projeto RECA." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/126307.
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000841044.pdf: 2964177 bytes, checksum: 5ff22b6af7b16b6ec281ec0b10b2a15c (MD5)<br>O campo é, além de celeiro e propulsor da economia brasileira, o grande palco onde se realizam as transformações sociais e políticas. Desde a década de 70, o capitalismo vem se expandindo pela fronteira amazônica por meio das madeireiras, dos pecuaristas, dos rentistas e a da mineração na Serra dos Carajás, sudeste do Pará. Em tal década também se viu a chegada de inúmeras famílias expropriadas que migravam, em direção à mesma fronteira, movidas pelos projetos de Colonização e Reforma Agrária dos Governos Militares. Migrantes e amazônidas; sulistas, paulistas, nordestinos, seringueiros, garimpeiros, ribeirinhos, pecuaristas, mineradores e indígenas; se encontraram com todas as diferenças no mesmo local. Praticamente meio século depois de iniciados tais processos, a fronteira mostra a força do desenvolvimento capitalista pela qual foi submetida, através de empresas de grande valor na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (BOVESPA) como: Vale, Odebrecht, Camargo Correia, Friboi, Natura e Petrobras. É dentro desse cenário, que o presente estudo se insere a fim de analisar como essas famílias de colonos têm sobrevivido na região. Para tanto, foi pesquisada e descrita a história da migração ao sucesso econômico, dos camponeses do Projeto RECA, situados, na Ponta do Abunã, entre o Acre e Rondônia. Trata-se de desnudar, fielmente à história desses camponeses, os pensamentos, as atitudes, os anseios, as relações com o Estado e com as empresas, de forma a posicioná-los como atores das batalhas em todos os caminhos e descaminhos construídos e, dessa maneira, ter-se uma visão das transformações, das dissonâncias, das relações. A história oral, foi um dos principais métodos utilizados para: a aproximação pesquisador/pesquisado, recuperar as memórias de migração, entender os anseios de vida na Amazônia e os sonhos das famílias. Também, foram pesquisados os projetos concedidos pelo governo às famílias, as...<br>The field is in addition to barn and propellant of the Brazilian economy, the big stage where they perform social and political transformations. Since the 70s, capitalism is expanding by Amazon frontier through logging, cattle ranchers, rentiers and mining in Carajás, Pará southeastern. In this decade also saw the arrival of many families who migrated expropriated toward the frontier, driven by projects of Colonization and Agrarian Reform of Military Governments. Migrants and Amazonians; southerners, Northeastern, tappers, miners, natives, ranchers, miners and indigenous, met all the differences in the same location. Nearly half a century after the beginning of such processes, the border shows the strength of capitalist development in which they are placed, through companies of great value in Stock Exchange (BOVESPA) as Vale, Odebrecht, Camargo Correia, Friboi, Natura and Petrobras. It is within this scenario, the present study is situated in order to analyze how these families of settlers have survived in the region. Therefore, it was investigated and described the history of the struggle dreams, migration to economic success, the peasants of RECA Project, situated in Ponta do Abunã, between Acre and Rondônia. It is bare, faithfully to the story of these peasants, thoughts, attitudes, desires, relations with the state and with businesses in order to position them as actors of battles in all ways and non built and this way, having a vision of the transformations, the dissonances of relations . Oral history, was one of the main methods used to: a search approach/researched, retrieve memories migration, understand the anxieties of life in the Amazon and dreams of families. Projects awarded by the government to households, the guidelines and state plans were also searched. Finally, we resorted to the literature on rural sociology, to understand the debate on the issue, confirming some theses and theories
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Ângelo, Daniel Dias. "Do sonho à luta de sobrevivência na Amazônia : "a caminhada" das famílias camponesas do Projeto RECA /." Araraquara, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/126307.
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Orientador: Maria Orlanda Pinassi<br>Banca: Adriano Pereira Santos<br>Banca: Silvia Beatriz Adoue<br>Resumo: O campo é, além de celeiro e propulsor da economia brasileira, o grande palco onde se realizam as transformações sociais e políticas. Desde a década de 70, o capitalismo vem se expandindo pela fronteira amazônica por meio das madeireiras, dos pecuaristas, dos rentistas e a da mineração na Serra dos Carajás, sudeste do Pará. Em tal década também se viu a chegada de inúmeras famílias expropriadas que migravam, em direção à mesma fronteira, movidas pelos projetos de Colonização e Reforma Agrária dos Governos Militares. Migrantes e amazônidas; sulistas, paulistas, nordestinos, seringueiros, garimpeiros, ribeirinhos, pecuaristas, mineradores e indígenas; se encontraram com todas as diferenças no mesmo local. Praticamente meio século depois de iniciados tais processos, a fronteira mostra a força do desenvolvimento capitalista pela qual foi submetida, através de empresas de grande valor na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (BOVESPA) como: Vale, Odebrecht, Camargo Correia, Friboi, Natura e Petrobras. É dentro desse cenário, que o presente estudo se insere a fim de analisar como essas famílias de colonos têm sobrevivido na região. Para tanto, foi pesquisada e descrita a história da migração ao sucesso econômico, dos camponeses do Projeto RECA, situados, na Ponta do Abunã, entre o Acre e Rondônia. Trata-se de desnudar, fielmente à história desses camponeses, os pensamentos, as atitudes, os anseios, as relações com o Estado e com as empresas, de forma a posicioná-los como atores das batalhas em todos os caminhos e descaminhos construídos e, dessa maneira, ter-se uma visão das transformações, das dissonâncias, das relações. A história oral, foi um dos principais métodos utilizados para: a aproximação pesquisador/pesquisado, recuperar as memórias de migração, entender os anseios de vida na Amazônia e os sonhos das famílias. Também, foram pesquisados os projetos concedidos pelo governo às famílias, as...<br>Abstract: The field is in addition to barn and propellant of the Brazilian economy, the big stage where they perform social and political transformations. Since the 70s, capitalism is expanding by Amazon frontier through logging, cattle ranchers, rentiers and mining in Carajás, Pará southeastern. In this decade also saw the arrival of many families who migrated expropriated toward the frontier, driven by projects of Colonization and Agrarian Reform of Military Governments. Migrants and Amazonians; southerners, Northeastern, tappers, miners, natives, ranchers, miners and indigenous, met all the differences in the same location. Nearly half a century after the beginning of such processes, the border shows the strength of capitalist development in which they are placed, through companies of great value in Stock Exchange (BOVESPA) as Vale, Odebrecht, Camargo Correia, Friboi, Natura and Petrobras. It is within this scenario, the present study is situated in order to analyze how these families of settlers have survived in the region. Therefore, it was investigated and described the history of the struggle dreams, migration to economic success, the peasants of RECA Project, situated in Ponta do Abunã, between Acre and Rondônia. It is bare, faithfully to the story of these peasants, thoughts, attitudes, desires, relations with the state and with businesses in order to position them as actors of battles in all ways and non built and this way, having a vision of the transformations, the dissonances of relations . Oral history, was one of the main methods used to: a search approach/researched, retrieve memories migration, understand the anxieties of life in the Amazon and dreams of families. Projects awarded by the government to households, the guidelines and state plans were also searched. Finally, we resorted to the literature on rural sociology, to understand the debate on the issue, confirming some theses and theories<br>Mestre
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Alvey, Jennifer E. "Of Roads and Revolutions: Peasants, Property, and the Politics of Development in La LIbertad, Chontales (1895-1995)." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/72683.
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Anthropology<br>Ph.D.<br>This dissertation analyzes the political-economy of agrarian social relations and uneven development in La Libertad, Chontales, Nicaragua. It locates the development of agrarian structures and municipal politics at the interstices of local level processes and supra-local political-economic projects, i.e., an expanding world market, Nicaraguan nation-state and class formation, and U.S. imperialism. The formation and expansion of private property in land and the contested placement of municipal borders forms the primary locus for this analysis of changing agrarian relations. Over the course of the century explored in this dissertation, the uneven development of class and state power did not foster capitalist relations of production (i.e., increasing productivity based on new investment, development of the forces of production, proletarianization) and did not entail the disappearance of peasant producers; rather, peasant producers proliferated. Neither emerging from a pre-capitalist past nor forging a (classically) capitalist present, classes and communities were shaped through constant movement (e.g., waves of migration and population movements, upward and downward mobility) and structured by forms of accumulation rooted in extractive economic practices and forms of dependent-commercial capitalism on the one hand, and the politics of state - including municipal - formative dynamics on the other. The proliferation of peasant producers, both constrained and made possible by these processes, depended upon patriarchal relations (through which family labor was mobilized and landownership and use framed) and an expansive frontier (through which land pressure was relieved and farm fragmentation mitigated), although larger ranchers and landlords depended upon and benefited from these as well, albeit in different ways. The social relations among different classes and strata were contradictory, entailing forms of dependence, subordination, and exploitation as well as identification and affinity. In the context of the Sandinista revolution, these ties created the basis for a widely shared counterrevolutionary political stance across classes and strata while these class and strata distinctions conditioned the specificities and experiences of opposition.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Lonergan, Gayle. "Paper Communists : The Communist Party and the Peasantry in the Russian Civil War (1918-1921)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.519800.
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Varshney, Ashutosh. "The political universe of economic policy : rising peasantry, the state and food policy in India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13982.
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Cunha, Maria das Graças Campolina. "Gameleira, sertão Norte de Minas Gerais: um olhar feminino sobre o feminino camponês." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2013. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/15959.
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Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais<br>This thesis discusses the interpretation on peasantry history and the female peasants so I chose and welcomed a traditional rural community in Northern Minas Gerais, The Gameleira community between the municipalities of Glaucilândia and Bocaiúva. My aim was to understand the history of this place through the feminine eye and their reports about life, their work and relationships with their family, neighbors and with the sacred, in which reciprocal relations are evident and achieved. The history of this community support the important role woman has in peasantry reproduction, a role little approached in studies on this universe. As man partner woman broke in the untouched soil and changed land into work, besides building the family surviving conditions through work and care addressed to their maintenance. For a better understanding of the subject studied, this research is divided in three parts, each of which established or held different theoretical approaches, dialogues and interpretations. On the first part I conducted a theoretical discussion on the origin and settling of the Brazilian peasantry and the hierarchical relationships that pervade the peasant way of life. On the second part there are theoretical discussions on the construction and changes of the peasant territory in Northern Minas Gerais and the role played by the country woman, both in the past and contemporary period. The third and final part is fruit of my experience in the field; I used ethnographic research methods, aiming the reading of the country Gameleira s woman. I consider that this population remains leading a traditional way of life, at the same time that experience changes due to the current dynamics around them which resignified in the spheres which involve the world work. This re-significance creates a female redeem movement of its endangered visibility and hierarchally constructed, through salaried work and arts craft. In the Gameleira s peasant universe, woman, or the peasant female keep the role of main guardians of their peasantiness and resistance of their way of life, through relations and actions which develop and involve the symbolic spheres of its manifestations.<br>Esta tese trata da interpretação sobre o campesinato e o feminino camponês numa comunidade rural tradicional do Norte de Minas Gerais. Para tanto, escolhi e acolhi a comunidade Gameleira, localizada entre os municípios de Glaucilândia e Bocaiúva. Meu objetivo foi compreender a história de um lugar através dos relatos e do olhar feminino sobre a sua vida, o seu trabalho e das relações que estabelece com sua família, seus vizinhos e com o sagrado, em que as relações de reciprocidade se evidenciam e se concretizam. A história desta comunidade afirma o importante papel desempenhado pela mulher na reprodução camponesa, papel este ainda pouco abordado nos estudos realizados sobre este universo. Como parceira do homem, a mulher desbravou a terra intocada e a transformou em terra de trabalho, além de construir condições de sobrevivência da família através do trabalho e do cuidado voltados para a sua manutenção. Em busca de uma melhor compreensão sobre o tema estudado, dividi esta pesquisa em três partes, em cada uma delas diferentes abordagens teóricas, diálogos e interpretações foram estabelecidos ou realizados. Na primeira parte, realizei uma discussão teórica sobre a origem e permanência do campesinato brasileiro e as relações hierárquicas que permeiam este modo de vida. Na segunda encontram-se as discussões teóricas sobre a construção e as transformações do território camponês no Norte de Minas Gerais e o papel desempenhado pela mulher sertaneja nortemineira, tanto no passado quanto na contemporaneidade. Na terceira e última parte, que é fruto da minha vivência em campo, utilizei métodos etnográficos de pesquisa, objetivando a leitura e a visibilização da mulher camponesa da Gameleira. Considero que esta população permanece na atualidade reproduzindo um modo de vida tradicional, ao mesmo tempo em que vivencia mudanças devido às dinâmicas atuais que a rodeia e que ressignifica o papel da mulher nas esferas que envolvem o mundo do trabalho. Esta ressignificação gera um movimento de resgate feminino de sua visibilidade ameaçada e hierarquicamente construída, através do trabalho assalariado e da produção do artesanato. No universo camponês da Gameleira, a mulher, ou o feminino camponês, permanece sendo a maior guardiã de suas campesinidades e de resistência do seu modo de vida através das relações e das ações que desenvolvem e envolvem as esferas simbólicas de sua manifestação.<br>Doutor em Geografia
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Graham, Helena. "A social and economic study of the late medieval peasantry : Alrewas, Staffordshire, in the fourteenth century." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633100.
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This is a study of the manor of Alrewas, Staffordshire, in the fourteenth century. Manorial court rolls, lay subsidies, a rental, inquisitions post-mortem, and poll tax listings have been utilised to study the nature of the lordship of this manor in the west midlands for the years 1327-1375. The peasant community and society has also been studied to identify social and economic differentiation between the peasantry, ways in which there was communal organisation and cooperation; and, cooperation and conflict with the lord. In addressing these issues, village by-laws, the crafts and trades, and the peasant land market have all been closely analysed. Finally, peasant society at the family and household level has been studied to assess whether there was a correlation between household/family size and landed wealth. Throughout all areas of investigation, a comparison has been made between the pre and post Black Death periods.
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Badaro, Samer A. "The Islamic revolution of Syria (1979-1982) : class relations, sectarianism, and socio-political culture in a national progressive state." Connect to resource, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1144850076.
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Håkansson, Ola. "”Barnen är som flyttfåglar” : En kvalitativ fallstudie av en bondefamiljs brevsamling från 1800-talet." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och kulturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-65803.
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The purpose of this essay was to study how people could react to the changes of the society and modernization during the 1800s. The study is based on a qualitative method and the material for this study has been letters that belong to a peasantry family from Sunne, Värmland in Sweden. The purpose with this case studie has been to find out what the letter says about peoples experiences and conditions during the modernization. In this studie the theory of modernization has been limited to geographical mobility and individualism in purpose to see how the correspondent writes about these modern phenomenon. The results show a collectivistic character, but also how the modernization and geographical mobility challenge this concept. The letters also show a interaction between the character of the peasant society and modernization.
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Alvarez, Siman Fernando. "Capitalism, the state and the peasantry in Mexico : a case study of the Soconusco region in Chiapas." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11504.
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Kapinga, D. S. "Political process, professionals and the #uncaptured peasantry' : the case of village producer cooperatives in Tanzania, 1985-1995." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338250.
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Boelens, Lyle A. "Socioeconomic stratification and differentiation of the modern peasantry: a longitudinal analysis of small farmers in Röndonia, Brazil." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44618.
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Land settlement programs have been promoted by governments worldwide to
accomplish such broad goals as providing equitable land distribution among national
populations, expanding agricultural production, correcting population imbalances,
providing new income opportunities to the poor and landless, and preserving national
security (Oberai 1986). By promoting frontier land settlement, governments introduce
both intended and unintended changes in agrarian systems and social classes. These
changes raise questions about the extent of small farmer participation in capitalist
economies, whether these farmers are a socioeconomically homogenous group, and
about their future viability as distinct social and economic formations.
The primary focus of this micro-level analysis is to identify common land use,
demographic, and economic characteristics of small farmers in Rolim de Moura,
Rondonia to create a profile of smaIl farmers in the region, to determine if these
farmers are stratified by these characteristics, and to assess whether changes in these
characteristics from 1985 to 1990 indicate differentiation among these farmers. The
results of the study are compared with theoretical descriptions of peasant producers to
determine their applicability for describing small farmers in Rondonia.
Cluster analysis of the longitudinal data presented in two household surveys of small
farmers in Rolim de Moura reveal that these households are stratified according to
land use and economic factors into three major groups. Further division of the
households into four groups in 1990 suggests that differentiation is occurring among
households in the area. The results of this longitudinal study support Mann's (1990)
thesis that types of agricultural production indicate stratification among small farmers.<br>Master of Urban and Regional Planning
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Boelens, Lyle A. "Socioeconomic stratification and differentiation of the modern peasantry : a longitudinal analysis of small farmers in Rôndonia, Brazil /." This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09052009-041057/.
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Martinello, André Souza. "Cotidiano em mudança : o rural brasileiro a partir da obra de Carlos Rodrigues Brandão." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/40246.
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O estudo aborda as mudanças vividas no campesinato brasileiro a partir das obras e pesquisas realizadas por Carlos Rodrigues Brandão. Utilizando como informação e referência os estudos deste autor em comunidades, bairros, vilas e distritos rurais – particularmente nos Estados de Goiás, São Paulo e Minas Gerais –, a ênfase desta pesquisa está voltada ao cotidiano de populações rurais. Da reunião de diferentes observações, trabalhos de campo, depoimentos e relatos deste antropólogo, o foco do trabalho voltou-se aos temas terra, trabalho e família, que correspondem aos primeiros capítulos da dissertação. E falar de terra, de trabalho e de família é, também, falar de campesinidade. Assim, a partir da descrição de características qualitativas e comportamentais da cultura e da reprodução social de camponeses, observadas em seus cotidianos, busca-se seu entendimento enquanto ordem moral. Utilizaram-se, ainda, os livros e publicações de Carlos Rodrigues Brandão para abordar o alimento e, como não há nada mais cotidiano do que comer, é esse o tema tratado no último capítulo. Afirma-se aqui que as pesquisas e a trajetória de mais de trinta anos de trabalhos de campo realizados por Carlos Rodrigues Brandão são importantes fontes para o entendimento e compreensão de segmentos do campesinato em regiões brasileiras, principalmente da segunda metade do século XX. Referente às práticas, saberes, cotidianidade e cultura, de modo geral, de algumas populações rurais em nosso país, é fundamental conhecer as obras deste autor, ainda que a partir da perspectiva de alguns temas específicos, uma vez que a densidade de suas descrições e abordagem enriquece e auxilia àqueles que desejam compreender o rural brasileiro, principalmente, as mudanças vividas por indivíduos e grupos sociais.<br>This thesis discusses the changes experienced in Brazilian peasantry from the works and researches conducted by Carlos Rodrigues Brandão. Using as reference information the studies by this author in communities, neighborhoods, towns and rural districts – particularly in the states of Goiás, São Paulo and Minas Gerais –, the emphasis of this research is directed to rural populations’ everyday life. From the meeting of this anthropologist’s different observations, field work, interviews and reports, the focus of the work turned to the themes land, work and family, which correspond to the first three chapters of the thesis. To speak about land, work and family is also to speak about peasantry, i.e. from the description of qualitative and behavioral characteristics of culture and social reproduction of peasants, and, through their daily lives, we seek to their understanding as moral order. We used the books and publications by Carlos Rodrigues Brandão to address food and, as there is nothing else more associated to everyday life than eating, such is the subject addressed in the fourth and final chapter. It is argued here that the research and the history of more than thirty years of field work conducted by Carlos Rodrigues Brandão are important sources for understanding and comprehension of groups and segments of the peasantry in Brazilian regions, especially in the second half of the twentieth century. Related to the practices, knowledge, daily life and culture, in general, of some rural communities in our country, it is essential to know the works of this author, albeit from the perspective of some specific issues, since the depth and descriptions of their approach enrich and assist those who want to understand the Brazilian countryside, mostly, the changes experienced by individuals and social groups.
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Harnesk, Börje. "Legofolk : drängar, pigor och bönder i 1700- och 1800-talens Sverige = Farm servants and peasants in 18th and 19th century Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Humanistiska fakulteten, 1990. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-60827.
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The institution of farm service was mainly a West-European phenomenon. It was linked to the high age at marriage and it was an important system for the distribution of labour in agriculture. In Sweden, the use of farm servants in peasant agriculture intensified in the 18th century and remained important up till the advent of industrialization. The growth of a class of property-less, rural labourers did not undermine the system of farm service, as is sometimes claimed. Patriarchalism was an ideology intimately connected with farm service. During the 18th century, however, patriarchalism was not the common frame of reference among the upper classes when discussing state policy towards servants. Patriarchalism did not become an important ideology until the beginning of the 19th century. It was inspired by the liberal critique of the old, mercantilist attitude towards labour. At the grass-root level, farm servants showed a culturally defined hostility towards wage labour. They tried to exchange wages in money for different kinds of rights and liberties, which might have served the purpose of disguising the employer-employee relationship to the peasant masters. An egalitarian ideology, typical of especially northern Sweden's peasantry, might have strengthened this hostility to being wage earners instead of having independent ways of making a living.<br>digitalisering@umu
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Rocha, Ana Tereza Ferreira. "A Festa Inacabada A implantação do Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara e a constituiçao de sujeitos liminares." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2007. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/604.
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Previous issue date: 2007-02-28<br>The present dissetation is fruit of research carried through in the city of Alcântara, more necessarily in agrovila Peptal and deals with the obligatory transformation of a campesinato of use joint in parceling out, from the implantation of the Center of Launching of Alcântara. Such transformation generated a economic disaggregation of segments peasants who occupied ancestrally its old lands, sharing values paved in ethnic principles. Taking as reference the information gotten by means of practical interviews and comment of the social ones of the studied group, apprehended by means of etnography research, the work aims at to analyze, in this context, the events that had compulsively marked the life of the families transferred to agrovila Peptal as well as its constitution as preliminary citizens throughout more than two decades of existence of the Center of Launching of Alcântara.<br>A presente dissertação é fruto de pesquisa realizada no município de Alcântara, mais
precisamente na agrovila Peptal e trata da transformação compulsória de um campesinato
de uso comum em parcelar, a partir da implantação do Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara.
Tal transformação gerou uma desagregação econômica de segmentos camponeses que
ocupavam ancestralmente suas antigas terras, compartilhando valores calcados em
princípios étnicos. Tomando como referência as informações obtidas por meio de
entrevistas e observação das práticas sociais do grupo estudado, apreendidas por meio de
pesquisa etnográfica, o trabalho visa analisar, nesse contexto, os eventos que marcaram a
vida das famílias transferidas compulsoriamente para a agrovila Peptal bem como a sua
constituição como sujeitos liminares ao longo de mais de duas décadas de existência do
Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara.
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AMORIM, Lucas Oliveira do. "Plantando semente crioula, colhendo agroecologia : agrobiodiversidade e campesinato no Alto Sertão sergipano." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17849.
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Previous issue date: 2016-03-11<br>CNPq<br>Esta pesquisa partiu da hipótese de que os agricultores camponeses do Alto Sertão
Sergipano, que utilizam as sementes crioulas, contribuem para a construção da
agroecologia, uma vez, que o uso destas variedades, remete a um conjunto de práticas
agrícolas tradicionais e relações sociais que contradizem o modelo imposto pelo
agronegócio. O debate sobre a construção de um modelo de desenvolvimento rural
pautado na sustentabilidade e no respeito aos conhecimentos tradicionais, passa
centralmente pela valorização das sementes crioulas, pois estas se constituem como um
elemento essencial para uma agricultura resiliente, além de nos auxiliar na compreensão
da racionalidade camponesa, uma vez que aglutina outros aspectos importantes dos
sistemas camponeses de produção. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida no Território do Alto
Sertão Sergipano, mais especificamente em comunidades camponesas nos municípios de
Canindé de São Francisco, Poço Redondo, Porto da Folha e Monte Alegre de Sergipe. A
orientação metodológica se deu a partir da perspectiva dialética, uma vez que esta permite
à agroecologia transformar o objeto de pesquisa em sujeito da mesma, reconhecendo o
saber popular como válido e base para a construção de um conhecimento novo e
transformado. Para tanto, se fez necessário o uso de metodologias participativas, que
permite uma diversidade de atores como participantes ativos de um processo interação
criativa e proporciona o protagonismo de atores tradicionalmente excluídos do processo
de pesquisa. Observou-se que os camponeses possuem um grande acervo genético,
composto por 18 variedades de feijão de arranque, 16 de milho, 15 de fava, 8 de feijão de
corda e andu cada um. Estas sementes são armazenadas, nos Bancos de Sementes
Familiares, em toneis, silos de zinco, garrafas PET, entre outros recipientes. As médias
de quantidade de variedades de sementes dos camponeses cujos sistemas de produção
prevalecem o uso de práticas convencionais, foi significativamente inferior aqueles que
mantem as práticas tradicionais. Isso corrobora a afirmação de que a modernização da
agricultura no Alto Sertão e a conformação da bacia leiteira, interferiram negativamente
da manutenção da diversidade genética deste território. A partir dos resultados e das
discussões realizadas ao longo desta dissertação, observou-se que de fato, o uso das
variedades crioulas, potencializaram a agricultura tradicional camponesa neste território,
que por sua vez traz uma enorme contribuição para a construção do conhecimento
agroecológico. Mas por outro lado, a manutenção destas práticas, por aqueles agricultores
alheios a modernização, também está diretamente relacionada com a conservação da
agrobiodiversidade no território estudado. Portanto, há uma relação dialética entre a
agricultura camponesa e o uso das sementes crioulas.<br>The hypothesis of this study is that the peasants from Alto Sertão Sergipano who cultivate
landrace seeds contribute to the construction of Agroecology since the use of these
varieties involves a set of traditional agricultural practices and social relations that
opposes the hegemonic agribusiness model. The debate over the construction of a
sustainable rural development model based on respect for the traditional knowledge
centrally involves the recovery of landrace seeds since that constitute an essential element
for a resilient agriculture, and support us to understand the peasant rationality because
brings together others important aspects of peasant production systems. This research was
conducted on the Territory of Alto Sertão Sergipano, specifically in rural communities in
the municipalities of Canindé de São Francisco, Poço Redondo, Porto da Folha and Monte
Alegre from estate of Sergipe. The method was based on the dialectical perspective and
this allows the agroecology transform the research object in the research subject
recognizing the popular knowledge as a valid basis for building a new and transformed
knowledge. Therefore, it was necessary use participatory methodologies, allowing a
diversity of actors as active participants of a creative interaction process and provides the
role of actors traditionally excluded from the scientific research process. We observed
that the peasants of the research has a large genetic reserve composed of 18 varieties of
common bean, 15 varieties of broad bean, 16 varieties of corn and 8 varietes of cowpea
and of pigeon pea. These seeds are stored in the "Family Seed Banks", in vats, zinc silos,
PET bottles, and other containers. The average amount of seed varieties of peasants who
mostly adopted conventional practices in the production system was significantly lower
than those peasants who maintained their traditional practices. This fact corroborate the
affirmation that agricultural modernization and the implementation of the dairy
production on the Alto Sertão Sergipano interfered negatively on the maintenance of
genetic diversity of this territory. From the results and discussions held throughout this
dissertation we observed that the use of landrace varieties leveraged the traditional
peasant agriculture in the territory which brings a huge contribution to the construction
of agroecological knowledge. In addition, the maintenance of these traditional practices
by those peasants that are on the margins of Modernization is also directly related to the
conservation of agrobiodiversity in the studied area. Therefore there is a dialectical
relation between peasant agriculture and the use of landrace seeds.
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Batista, Maria Aline da Silva. "Questão agrária e campesinato: a feira agroecológica como uma estratégia de consolidação camponesa." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/17758.
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BATISTA, Maria Aline da Silva. Questão agrária e campesinato: a feira agroecológica como uma estratégia de consolidação camponesa. 2014. 108 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em geografia)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2014.<br>Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-06-09T19:04:58Z
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Previous issue date: 2014<br>The agrarian question is a problem that is not limited to the land issue, but unfolds into various dilemmas faced by peasants. The research aims at discussing the role of a path of peasant resistance in the northern region of Ceará: the Agroecological Fair (FA). It was sought to understand how the peasantry has used Agroecology to face the pressures of capital. It was delimited as the universe of the study the group of marketers agroecological and solidary from fair of Itapipoca and fair of Trairi totaling ten families. The FA are alternative marketing channels that enable the peasants greater autonomy in relation to the results of their work at the same time that democratizes access to food without pesticides. Based on the theorists who think the peasantry beyond the economic outlook and Agroecology as a way for rural development, we sought to identify the strategies undertaken by farmers and the results arising. The methodology included literature review and field research. The plantation and agroecological fair were visited. Interviews semistructured taped were realized with peasants-marketer, agricultural technicians and consumers. It was found that agroecological techniques are contributing to the recovery of soils and are more efficient than conventional practices during periods of drought. It was observed that marketing through agroecological fair entails a significant increase in the income of peasants and induces diversification of production, which reflects a improved diet and promotes food security for families. The FA studied allows consumers access to safer products and fair prices. Social relations developed at the fairs transcends the economic dimension, generating friendships based on trust and solidarity.<br>A questão agrária é um problema que não se esgota na questão fundiária, mas se desdobra em vários dilemas vividos pelos camponeses. Essa pesquisa tem por objetivo discutir o papel da resistência camponesa na região norte do Ceará através das Feiras Agroecológicas (FA). Buscou-se compreender como o campesinato tem utilizado a Agroecologia para enfrentar as pressões do capital. Delimitou-se como universo de estudo o grupo de feirantes agroecológicos e solidários de Itapipoca e de Trairi, totalizando dez famílias. As FA são canais alternativos de comercialização que possibilitam ao camponês maior autonomia em relação aos resultados do seu trabalho ao mesmo tempo em que democratiza o acesso a alimentos sem agrotóxico. Tendo por base os teóricos que pensam o campesinato para além da perspectiva econômica e a Agroecologia como caminho para o desenvolvimento rural, procurou-se identificar as estratégias empreendidas pelos camponeses e os resultados decorrentes. A metodologia utilizada contou com revisão bibliográfica e trabalhos de campo, durante os quais, foram realizadas visitas às unidades de produção e às feiras agroecológicas. Foram feitas entrevistas semiestruturadas gravadas com os camponeses-feirantes, técnicos agrícolas envolvidos e consumidores. Verificou-se que as técnicas agroecológicas estão contribuindo para a recuperação dos solos e são mais eficientes que as práticas convencionais nos períodos de estiagem. Constatou-se que a comercialização nas feiras agroecológicas enseja um aumento significativo na renda dos camponeses e induz a diversificação da produção, o que reflete na melhoria da alimentação e promove a segurança alimentar para as famílias. As FA estudadas possibilitam aos consumidores o acesso a produtos mais seguros e a preços justos. As relações sociais desenvolvidas nas feiras transcendem a dimensão econômica, geram laços de amizade, baseados na confiança e na solidariedade.
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Cotlear, D. "Technological and institutional change among the Peruvian peasantry : A comparison of three regions at different levels of agricultural development." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375886.
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AZAR, Zaira Sabry. "RELAÇOES DE TRABALHO E RESISTENCIA CAMPONESA NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DEPENDENTE NO MARANHAO: o assentamento Califórnia como uma expressão." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2013. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/780.
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Previous issue date: 2013-04-02<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>The present research analyses the relations of peasants work and resistence marked by the dependant development in the Sate of Maranhão in the contemporary transformations, particularized in the reality of the settlement California, Acailandia, a settlement organized by the Movement of the Landless MST- in the process of the struggle for land in this Federal Unit. Considering that the work relations suffer historic determinations with a root in the inherent contradictions of the capitalist production manner, brought forth the necessary reproduction of non-capitalistic forms, such as the example of the Peasantry. In this manner, the families in the settlement experienced the political and ideological contradictions that characterize the Brazilian Agrarian Reform policy, as well as inserting themselves into the socio-economic dynamic of the Municipality as expression of the restructuring of work demanded by the present capital crisis given that the new forms of productive organization utilizes destructive mechanisms and strategies-represented by principally by the Mining Industry s activities and by the agribusiness which sustains itself through the intensification of precarious work. The role of the State assumed in the New International Labor Division has a strong link with the Agrarian Question that suffers important alterations with a reconfiguration of the social country folk as well as the work relations and resistance. The research shows that in spite of these reconfigurations the peasant families have created struggle strategies, mechanisms and resistance that go beyond the land struggle with political articulations, both internal and external, production organization along with technical and political formation with the object of being guaranteed their social reproduction. In this way they turn to the categories of development, the agrarian question, the countryside, the agribusiness, work relations and peasant resistance.<br>A presente pesquisa analisa as relações de trabalho e resistência camponesa demarcadas no desenvolvimento dependente no estado do Maranhão nas transformações contemporâneas, particularizadas na realidade do assentamento Califórnia, Açailândia, organizado este assentamento pelo Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra MST, no processo de luta pela terra nesta unidade federativa. Considera que as relações de trabalho sofrem determinação histórica e têm como base as contradições inerentes ao modo de produção capitalista, como a necessária reprodução de formas não capitalistas de produção, a exemplo do campesinato. Neste sentido, as famílias do assentamento vivenciam as contradições políticas e ideológicas que caracterizam a política de reforma agrária brasileira, assim como se insere na dinâmica socioeconômica do município, expressão da reestruturação do trabalho exigida pela atual crise do capital, sendo que as novas formas de organização produtiva utilizam mecanismos e estratégias destrutivas, representadas, principalmente, por atividades minerosiderúrgicas e pelo agronegócio, que se sustentam com a intensificação da precarização do trabalho. O papel que o estado tem assumido na nova divisão internacional do trabalho tem forte incidência sobre a questão agrária, que sofre alterações importantes com a reconfiguração dos sujeitos sociais do campo, assim como das relações de trabalho e da resistência. A pesquisa mostra que apesar destas reconfigurações as famílias camponesas têm criado estratégias e mecanismos de luta e resistência que vão para além da luta pela terra, com articulações políticas internas e externas, organização da produção e formação técnica e política, com o objetivo de garantir sua reprodução social. Desta forma, recorre às categorias teóricas de desenvolvimento, questão agrária, campesinato, agronegócio, relações de trabalho e resistência camponesa.
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Portz, Márcio Alexandre. "A preservação ambiental das propriedades camponesas na comunidade Serrinha em São José das Palmeiras - PR." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2010. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/95.
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Previous issue date: 2010-05-11<br>The paper addresses the environmental preservation of the rural community Serrinha in
São José das Palmeiras / PR. The preservation of the environment made by farmers is
due to the peasant way of life based on environmental practices (soil conservation,
water, agricultural practices, etc..), Limiting the use of natural resources, set at the
discretion of subsistence family. Environmental protection is one of two ways: local
issues related to the need for preservation of soil water, biodiversity linked directly with
communities. And another one connecting the complex nature of the destruction of the
local media in all regions of the world, for a change of natural processes such as ocean
currents, global warming, evaporation of the seas, melting glaciers at the poles, etc. The
evolution of the peasant way of life has important practical and productive organizations
that develop into forms of production balanced with the environment. In the areas
studied, these practices are presented in order to improve the condition of the natural
elements of the property, also play a resistance of the peasants in their properties. The
connection with political and social projects like the Cultivando Água Boar Program
and Paraná Biodiversidade increases the financial conditions and the solutions of some
environmental liabilities in small farms of the peasants. Peasants are a "class" vital to
the continuation of the biodiversity of natural ecosystems; they are similar in their mode
of finite life in their material needs.<br>O trabalho aborda a preservação ambiental dos camponeses da comunidade Serrinha no
Município de São José das Palmeiras/PR. A preservação do meio ambiente feita pelos
camponeses é devido o modo de vida camponês, baseado em práticas ecológicas
(conservação dos solos e da água, praticas agrícolas, etc.), limitação no uso dos recursos
naturais, definidos a partir do critério de subsistência de uma família. A preservação
ambiental se encontra de duas formas: as questões locais ligadas a necessidade da
preservação da água do solo, da biodiversidade ligadas diretamente com as
comunidades. E outra uma complexa ligação da destruição da natureza dos meios locais
em todas as regiões do mundo, para uma mudança de processos naturais como as
correntes marítimas, o aquecimento global, a evaporação dos mares, derretimento das
geleiras dos pólos, etc. A evolução do modo de vida camponês, apresenta relevantes
práticas e organizações produtivas que se desdobram em formas de produção
equilibradas com meio ambiente. Nas áreas estudadas, estas práticas se apresentam de
forma a melhorar a condição natural dos elementos da propriedade, também
desempenham uma resistência dos camponeses em suas propriedades. A ligação com
políticas e projetos sociais como o Programa Cultivando Água Boa e Paraná
Biodiversidade aumenta as condições financeiras e as soluções de alguns passivos
ambientais nas pequenas propriedades dos camponeses. Os camponeses são uma
classe vital para a continuação da biodiversidade natural dos ecossistemas, por
apresentarem características no seu modo de vida finito em suas necessidades materiais.