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Journal articles on the topic 'Peasent'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Sanchez, Beatriz Rodrigues. "Peasent women and feminist epistemologies." Scientiae Studia 15, no. 1 (2017): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/51678-31662017000100011.

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Wahyuni, Sri, Zusmelia Zusmelia, and Delmira Syafrini. "JULO-JULO TANI BURUH PEREMPUAN JORONG PATAMUAN, NAGARI TALU KECAMATAN TALAMU KAB. PASAMAN BARAT." Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Mamangan 2, no. 1 (2013): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22202/mamangan.v2i1.1363.

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This resereach explain about of julo- julo tani of women peasant life in Jorong Patamuan, they works to help her families economic. This research aims to see Julo Julo cause of the peasantry in public life and social economic impact of Julo Julo tani women peasent worker in Jorong Patomuan Nagari Talu Talamau of Pasaman Barat. This study used a qualitative approach with methods such as observation and interviews. Informants in this study more or less 16 peoples. Results were analyzed using the theory of George Homans, who showing human behavior as individual behavior, where people are exchangi

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Lichbach, Mark I. "What Makes Rational Peasants Revolutionary? Dilemma, Paradox, and Irony in Peasant Collective Action." World Politics 46, no. 3 (1994): 383–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2950687.

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Peasant upheavals are studied from the perspective offered by the selective incentives solution to Olson's collective action problem. This article presents much evidence from three different forms of peasant struggles—everyday forms of peasant resistance, unorganized rural movements, and organized peasant rebellions—that demonstrates the widespread existence of selective incentives. Questions about the causes and consequences of selective incentives are then examined. First, what are the conditions under which peasant struggles emphasize material selective incentives rather than nonmaterial al

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Seregny, Scott J. "Peasants, Nation, and Local Government in Wartime Russia." Slavic Review 59, no. 2 (2000): 336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2697055.

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More than a decade ago, in a discussion in this journal, Leopold Haimson argued that peasant soldiers’ perception of Soviet power in 1917-18 “did not encompass any conception of the relationships between themselves, their village communities, or even the peasant estate as a whole, and other social groups—let alone any generalized view of the Russian body politic as a whole.” He went on to note that this peasant particularism “reflected a continuity in the mentalité of Russian peasants stretching back to the very inception of the Russian state.” Peasants rejected any superordinate authority and

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Svensson, Patrick. "Peasants and Entrepreneurship in the Nineteenth-Century Agricultural Transformation of Sweden." Social Science History 30, no. 3 (2006): 387–429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200013511.

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In post-World War II agricultural research, a new perspective on “peasant society” developed. This approach is still vigorous today and implies that peasant society—defined by subsistence production, the safety-first principle, and a stable village system with moral obligations—leads to conservative behavior toward change. It also assumes that only external forces can tear down the system and force peasants into markets. However, many researchers throughout Europe have challenged these opinions of peasant mentality and peasant behavior. This study investigates five parishes in southern Sweden

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Zhang, Wu. "Protest Leadership and Repertoire: A Comparative Analysis of Peasant Protest in Hunan in the 1990s." Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 42, no. 2 (2013): 167–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810261304200207.

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Based on detailed ethnographic fieldwork, this paper compares two cases of peasant protest against heavy taxes and fees in a northern Hunan county in the 1990s. It argues that peasant protest did not arise spontaneously. Rather, it erupted when leaders emerged who used central policy documents on lowering peasant taxes and fees to mobilise peasants. Protest leaders were articulate and public-spirited peasants who had received political training from the local party-state. Furthermore, the number of leaders, their education level, and their relationship with the local party-state explain why th

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Topilsky, Aleksey. "Peasant land tenure of Eastern Galicia in the second half of 19th – early 20th centuries." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 182 (2019): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2019-24-182-299-304.

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We consider the problems of development of small land tenure in Eastern Galicia in the second half of 19th – early of 20th century. We show the dynamics of the property stratification of peasant population, the reasons for the households fragmentation. We characterize the develop-ment of the rural bourgeoisie and the rural proletariat, the growth of the number of small-land and landless peasant households among the Rusyns-Ukrainian population is shown. We show the change in the peasants’ social and economic status, the dynamics of demonstrations related to the problems of land parcelling betwe

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Savchenko, Andrii. "Entrepreneurial Initiatives of the Ukrainian Peasants During the "Thaw" to Satisfy Everyday Needs." Scientific Papers of the Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsyiubynskyi State Pedagogical University. Series: History, no. 34 (2020): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31652/2411-2143-2020-34-45-50.

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The purpose of the article: to analyze the entrepreneurial potential of personal farms of collective farmers during "thaw" period in the field of household needs. Scientific novelty. The peasant stories we have collected during field research, clearly demonstrate the willingness of peasants to earn extra money to meet their needs. In the general structure of cash receipts to the peasant's homestead, it was important to receive income, for example, from such handicrafts as sewing and repairing clothes and shoes. The Ukrainian peasant society of the Khrushchev era remained a secondary subject of

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Beyan, Temesgen Tesfamariam. "Accessing Global Capital Through Remittance: A Route to the Reconfiguration of the Peasant Mode of Production in Rural Eritrea." Agrarian South: Journal of Political Economy: A triannual Journal of Agrarian South Network and CARES 10, no. 2 (2021): 296–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/22779760211033776.

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Migration and its resultant remittance have become the two powerful forces of peasant transformation in Eritrea in the last decade. If the former is responsible for uprooting labor from land, the latter is a replacement value to what the labor would have produced from the land. Using qualitative data gathered through an ethnographic fieldwork in the peasant region, this article argues that these two forces—migration and remittance—have resulted in gradual divorce of peasants from their means of production, land, in ways that seemingly appear productive to the peasants, rural–urban migration an

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Kulachkov, Vadim V. "Documents from the State Archive of the Orel Region as a Source for Studying Peasant Legal Sense in Early 20th Century." Herald of an archivist, no. 1 (2018): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2018-1-98-108.

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The article studies documents from the State Archive of the Orel Region (GAOO) as an important source for studying the sense of justice of the Oryol gubernia peasants in early 20th century. Introduction of new archival materials allows to flesh out our knowledge and to produce a true-to-life picture of the Oryol peasants’ way of life. The peasant origins of the majority of the population necessitate a comprehensive study of peasant legal consciousness. Historical legacy is pertinent to present day, and forgetting its lessons is fraught with consequences. Evolution of modern Russian statehood h

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Trościński, Grzegorz. "Panów na chłopy uskarżanie się / „The Landlords’ Complaints Against Peasants ”: A Text Found in the MS Collection of the Diocesan Library at Sandomierz Attests The Enduring Popularity of the Medieval Satire Against Cunning Peasants." Ruch Literacki 53, no. 6 (2012): 699–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10273-012-0043-x.

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Summary This article deals with a hitherto unknown text from the late 16th or early 17th century titled „The Landlords’ complaints against peasants”, found by the writer in a volume which belonged to the Franciscan (Bernardine) convent at Radom and is now kept at the Diocesan Library at Sandomierz (MS L 1684). That the poem, reprinted in the article, is a literary offspring of the medieval anti-peasant verse „A Satire on Lazy Peasants” is indicated by the a number of semantic and lexical traits as well its rhyme scheme. However, its line of descent is not direct. It is indebted to (or, represe

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Hartoyo. "TEKANAN STRUKTURAL, PELUANG POLITIK, DAN SUKSES GERAKAN PETANI DI LAMPUNG." Jurnal AGRISEP 10, no. 1 (2011): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jagrisep.10.1.80-93.

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This study was aimed at explaining one of the conflicts in Lampung Province who developed into a peasant movement. Interestingly, this peasant movement overran the land and agrarian policy influence to form a new village. Data were obtained from depth interviews and documentary studies. The results found that the structural pressures led to the accumulation of land conflicts crystallize into "sub-culture of peasant opposition." Its social and cultural capital were a base to accelerate the strengthening of peasants' resource mobilization. The momentum of the political opportunities at the begin

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Safonov, Dmitriy A. "“Land and liberty” as the age-old dream of the Russian peasantry." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 189 (2020): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2020-25-189-149-154.

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Purpose of the research: we doubt the thesis, traditional for Russian historiography, that the desires and dreams of peasants have historically been enclosed in a capacious formula “land and liberty”. The appeal to peasant demands allows us to conclude that the formula “land and li-berty” was a product of the liberal and revolutionary circles of the 19th and early 20th centuries, for which it was traditionally considered themselves more understanding of peasant needs than the peasants themselves. In fact, the main thing in the desires of the peasants was the acquisition of the possibility of f

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Rahikainen, Marjatta. "Unfree labour by free peasants: labour service in the Swedish and Finnish countryside, from the late seventeenth to the early twentieth centuries." Rural History 31, no. 2 (2020): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793320000035.

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Abstract This article discusses the received image of free Swedish and Finnish peasants, charting parallels with peasants in the Baltic region. It draws upon the post-Cold War discussion of free and unfree rural labour in early modern Europe. The discussion maintains that the labour service by free Swedish and Finnish peasant landholders and peasant tenants at its heaviest point may have been on a par with the corvée in the early modern Baltic provinces. It is suggested that the Cold War mental map may have led to an overstatement of the East-West distinction between peasants’ circumstances in

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Chochotte, Marvin. "Making Peasants Chèf: The Tonton Makout Militia and the Moral Politics of Terror in the Haitian Countryside during the Dictatorship of François Duvalier, 1957–1971." Comparative Studies in Society and History 61, no. 04 (2019): 925–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417519000306.

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AbstractDrawing on never-before-utilized archival and oral sources, “Making Peasants Chèf” contends that decades of peasant marginalization from political power created the social and political conditions for the rise of the infamous tonton makout militia under the dictator François Duvalier. After coming to power in 1957, Duvalier militarized and rearmed peasants in exchange for their loyalty. Thousands of previously ostracized peasants enlisted in the dreaded makout militia to access status and political power. This explains why the peasant-based militia formed an arm of state repression. Wi

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Ляпин, Денис Александрович. "Народные волнения XVII века и русское крестьянство". Canadian-American Slavic Studies 48, № 1-2 (2014): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22102396-04801014.

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In the essay the author considers Russian peasants’ participation in public tumults during the seventeenth century. According to his findings, Russian peasants did not seem to display much political activity and the theory about peasant wars in Russia appears to be the myth of Soviet ideology. The author comes to the conclusion that peasant unrest was usually minor, taking the form of robbery and plundering. That phenomenon was a reflection of the specific political culture of early modern Russian society.

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ALI, TARIQ OMAR. "Agrarian Forms of Islam:Mofussildiscourses on peasant religion in the Bengal delta during the 1920s." Modern Asian Studies 51, no. 5 (2017): 1311–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x16000093.

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AbstractDuring the 1920s, a new genre of didactic poems prescribing the proper Islamic practice of everyday peasant lives were published out of printing presses in deltaic, eastern Bengal's small towns. This article argues that these printed poems constituted a discourse of agrarian Islam that prescribed reforms in peasant material life—work, commerce, consumption, attire, hairstyle, and patriarchal authority—as a means of ensuring the viability of peasants’ market-based livelihoods. The article examines the emergence of a small-town Muslim intelligentsia that authored and financed the publica

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Chalcraft, John. "ENGAGING THE STATE: PEASANTS AND PETITIONS IN EGYPT ON THE EVE OF COLONIAL RULE." International Journal of Middle East Studies 37, no. 3 (2005): 303–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743805052098.

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In spite of many competing views on peasants, their politics, and the state in 19th-century Egypt, the historiography contains certain striking continuities in its understanding of peasant–state political relations. Historians influenced by Marxism, modernization theory, and nationalism alike have usually seen state and peasantry as sharply distinct and conflicting. Peasants have often been depicted as locked in a struggle against the penetration of state agency into a previously autonomous rural domain. Whether seen as a force for benevolent modernization or for the predatory extraction of co

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Widiono, Septri. "PENETRASI KAPITALIS DAN RESISTENSI PETANI: KASUS SENGKETA AGRARIA DI TANAH LIDO KABUPATEN BOGOR, JAWA BARAT." Jurnal AGRISEP 7, no. 2 (2008): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jagrisep.7.2.54-68.

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This research was aimed to study about an agrarian conflict at Lido land. In order to get the comprehensive its meaning the qualitative approach with the case study strategy were used. The conflict explained as the dialectical relation among peasants in the one hand and the agrotourism company in the other hand. The conflict taken place with the support of local government to the company while peasants made patronize relationship with the NGO. The dynamic of agrarian conflict has meaning of capitalist penetration and the peasant resistency.Key word: agrarian conflict, capitalist penetration, p

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Lyapin, Denis. "Cases of Peasants in the South of Russia in the 20s of the 17th Century." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 5 (December 2020): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2020.5.13.

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Introduction. Among the materials of the Belgorod Stol of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RGADA), there is an extensive set of documents related to disputes over peasants who fled to the South of Russia from uyezds of other regions of the state. These are “cases of peasants” which were created in the 1620s. They are an important episode of the overall picture of the economic development of Southern Russia in the 17th century. These documents are of great interest for the study of the Russian peasantry. Methods. The author uses the problem-historical method and traditional methods of

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Cai, Yongshun. "Community Elites and Collective Action: The State and the Starved during the Chinese Famine (1959–61)." Politics & Society 48, no. 1 (2019): 99–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032329219893798.

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Tens of millions of peasants died during the Great Famine in China from 1959 to 1961. Numerous Chinese peasants remained silent during the famine while others staged resistance. This article explores how peasant resistance was possible in a communist regime and how the government contained such resistance. It finds that resistance was considerably affected by the availability of protest leaders. Chinese peasants were organized into rural collectives controlled by the party-state through local cadres. Sympathetic rural cadres played crucial roles in facilitating peasant resistance. However, gov

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Bhardwaj, Suraj Bhan. "Peasant-State Relation in Late Medieval North India (Mewat)." Medieval History Journal 20, no. 1 (2017): 148–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971945816687636.

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Studies on peasantry in medieval India 1 , particularly peasant protests in the late Mughal period, have not adequately addressed the issue of class consciousness in peasantry or that of class character of peasant protests against the state. In a way, agency has been denied to the peasantry in collectively developing and articulating an informed understanding of its distinct social position and economic interests as a class, as well as in protecting those interests. This essay retrieves this agency by arguing that the peasantry in late medieval north India, that is, late seventeenth and early

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Stauter-Halsted, Keely. "Patriotic Celebrations in Austrian Poland: The Kościuszko Centennial and the Formation of Peasant Nationalism." Austrian History Yearbook 25 (January 1994): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237800006329.

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The first peasant movement in Eastern Europe to declare its formal independence from other parties grew up in Austrian Galicia. Founded in 1895, the Polish Peasant party (Stronnictwo Ludowe) was characterized by an approach to the problem of Polish nationalism unique to the peasantry. Like many other agrarian groups, the Polish peasants privileged peasant culture and values above upper-class and urban traditions as the true source of national strength. Yet the dynamics of this budding peasant nationalism, its sources and leadership bases, have yet to be fully explored.

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Akbar, Waza Karia. "Socio-Economic Dependence of Peasant to Local Collector on Rice Farming System." Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Mamangan 7, no. 1 (2018): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22202/mamangan.2508.

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The poverty of peasant in Gunung Talang is caused by low income, low education and limited land. The purpose of this research is to analyze the bases of the peasant socio-economic dependence to the local collector (local assemblers) on rice farming system. The research is also analyzing the soci- economic relations of peasants and local collector on rice farming system. This research was conducted through the qualitative method with descriptive research type. The results show the socio-economic dependence due to peasant’s conditions. They do not have the capital to cultivate the agricultural l

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Akbar, Waza Karia. "Socio-Economic Dependence of Peasant to Local Collector on Rice Farming System." Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Mamangan 7, no. 1 (2018): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22202/mamangan.v7i1.2508.

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The poverty of peasant in Gunung Talang is caused by low income, low education and limited land. The purpose of this research is to analyze the bases of the peasant socio-economic dependence to the local collector (local assemblers) on rice farming system. The research is also analyzing the soci- economic relations of peasants and local collector on rice farming system. This research was conducted through the qualitative method with descriptive research type. The results show the socio-economic dependence due to peasant’s conditions. They do not have the capital to cultivate the agricultural l

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Izudin, Ahmad. "Menyuarakan Hak tanpa Sekat: Sebuah Ekspresi Gerakan Sosial Petani." JSW (Jurnal Sosiologi Walisongo) 3, no. 2 (2019): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/jsw.2019.3.2.4160.

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This paper highlighted the social change of peasant in the process of facing any struggling movement. Applying a qualitative method and case study approach, the data in this research were collected by observation, interview, and document study. The data were analyzed using the theory of “Social-Economic Morality”. By analyzing the data using this theory this article revealed the changing society in terms of peasant political attitude. This research found three important aspects. Firstly, compromise is a kind of strategy applied by peasants in their movement. Because there are no supporting fac

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MOON, DAVID. "PEASANT MIGRATION AND THE SETTLEMENT OF RUSSIA'S FRONTIERS, 1550–1897." Historical Journal 40, no. 4 (1997): 859–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x97007504.

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This article surveys the expansion of Russian peasant settlement from 1550, when most of the 6·5 million peasants lived in the forest-heartland of Muscovy, to 1897, when around fifty million Russian peasants lived throughout large parts of the immense Russian empire. It seeks to explain how this massive expansion was achieved with reference to different facets of the ‘frontier’: the political frontier of the Russian state; the environmental frontier between forest and steppe; the lifeway frontier between settled peasant agriculture and pastoral nomadism; and the ‘hierarchical frontier’ between

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Pieroni, Osvaldo. "Presente e futuro della cultura contadina." SOCIOLOGIA URBANA E RURALE, no. 87 (June 2009): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sur2008-087012.

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- While a re-evaluation of the peasant role is emerging at the scientific level, public and institutional opinion is still influenced by the classical image of antimodern peasants. In the last years, rural sociologists and some agrarian economists have emphasized the persistence of the "peasant model of farming". Considering the present food and environmental crises, the new functions developed in the family farm represent a structural change, both in social and economic terms. By proposing the definition of strategic fertility as a specific relationship with the soil in view of a durable repr

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Anugrah, Iqra. "Peasant Movements and State Elites in Post-New Order West Java: A Case Study of Sundanese Peasant Union." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 14, no. 1-2 (2015): 86–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341334.

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This article is an examination of the case study of the Sundanese Peasant Union (Serikat Petani Pasundan,spp) in post-authoritarian Indonesia. It aims to answer the question of whysppand West Javanese peasant movements in general are able to force local and national state elites to accommodate some elements of agrarian reforms promoted by the peasants. I argue that the new political opportunity structure provides a new opportunity for West Javanese peasant movements andsppto organize as a successful social movement.

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Fedoseev, Roman V., Eduard D. Bogatyrev, and Natalya A. Kisteneva. "Activities of the Peasant Land Bank in Penza province of Russia (1883-1915)." Revista de la Universidad del Zulia 12, no. 34 (2021): 483–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.34.27.

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The reform of 1861 not only freed the peasants from serfdom, but also led to radical economic changes in the agrarian sphere. The peasantry was involved in civil and legal relations associated with the purchase and sale of land. In order to assist land-poor peasants in the purchase of land, a specialized credit institution was created, which issued loans on favorable terms against the security of the acquired land plots. The purpose of this study is to identify the features of the activity of the Peasant Land Bank in the territory of the Penza province of Russia. Based on the materials of the

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Kuroda, Akinobu. "STRATEGIC PEASANT AND AUTONOMOUS LOCAL MARKET: REVISITING THE RURAL ECONOMY IN MODERN CHINA." International Journal of Asian Studies 15, no. 2 (2018): 195–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479591418000049.

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Depending on conditions, Chinese peasants strategically adopted one of two types of transactions: either a single one-time transaction without reference to any particular buyer, or repeated transactions dependent on one regular broker. Based on the different sizes of market zones and responding to seasonality, Chinese peasant households allotted their labour to maximize income and avert risk. Generally, in early modern China, the volume of exchanges among peasants was much greater than the volume of exchanges between peasants and merchants from towns. One-time transactions were dominant not on

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Ignatyeva, E. Yu. "Judicial law-making in Russia on land issues in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries in the process of applying customary law." Institute Bulletin: Crime, Punishment, Correction 13, no. 2 (2019): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.46741/2076-4162-2019-13-2-213-221.

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The article examines the impact of the norms of customary law applied in the peasant environment in the second half of the 19th century to the judicial law-making of land reformers. The purpose of the article is to identify the legal grounds that were taken into account when drafting the legislation of the Peasant Reform of 1861 to create an adequate and at the same time effective justice system for peasant land issues in the context of fundamental social transformations caused by the abolition of serfdom and the need to develop capitalist relations in Russia. The reformers assumed that the ru

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Brukhanchik, E. A. "East Slavic historiography on the valuation of land in the Belarusian provinces in the second half of the XIX – early XX century." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Humanitarian Series 66, no. 3 (2021): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/2524-2369-2021-66-3-303-313.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of the main approaches to estimating the value of land plots in the Russian Empire of the second half of the XIX – beginning of the XX century. Eastern Slavic historiography of the pre-revolutionary, Soviet and modern period. The objectives of the article are to determine the average market value of land in the provinces and compare it with the size of redemption payments, identify typical conditions for the implementation of the agrarian reform of 1861 for the Belarusian provinces, compare the approaches of representatives of Eastern Slavic historiograph

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Gomez, Francisco. "Challenges of War." Potentia: Journal of International Affairs 5 (October 1, 2014): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/potentia.v5i0.4408.

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This policy brief looks at promoting Peasant Reserve Zones (ZRC) as a model for strengthening peasant communities affected by the ongoing-armed conflict in Colombia. It will also consider the direct relationship between violence, land grabs and the systematic implementation of neoliberal policies in the countryside. Likewise, this monopolistic occupation of land represents a delivered attempt to restrict peasant communities from their access to suitable territories and natural resources, often threatening traditional livelihoods. This policy brief highlights the reconfiguration of peasant comm

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Li, Huaiyin. "The First Encounter: Peasant Resistance to State Control of Grain in East China in the Mid-1950s." China Quarterly 185 (March 2006): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741006000099.

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Focusing on Dongtai and Songjiang counties in east China, this report examines peasant resistance to the “unified purchase and sale” programme in the 1950s. The heavy procurement burden on most households in the prosperous Songjiang county led to various forms of resistance from peasants that culminated in collective violence. In sharp contrast, the low procurement quota on a limited number of households in the impoverished Dongtai county only caused moderate resistance. In both counties, however, local government leaders faced the increasing inapplicability of the prevailing notion of “class

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Lyapanov, Artem. "Serfs of the Russian State or Free Rural Commoners? (Based on the Example of State Peasants of Vladimir Province 1841-1866)." Journal of Economic History and History of Economics 21, no. 2 (2020): 228–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-2488.2020.21(2).228-250.

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The article analyzes the rights and obligations of state peasants following the reform of P.D. Kiselev, one of the aims of which was to bring the real situation of this category of the population into line with their formal status as free peasant peasants. The personal and property rights of peasants are examined as well as their implementation under the new system of government; duties, most importantly, the payment of numerous duties and obligations. The authors concluded that the reformers were not able to achieve the desired results. The situation of state peasants was better than that of

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Lyapanov, Artem. "Serfs of the Russian State or Free Rural Commoners? (Based on the Example of State Peasants of Vladimir Province 1841-1866)." Journal of Economic History and History of Economics 21, no. 2 (2020): 228–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-2488.2020.21(2).228-250.

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The article analyzes the rights and obligations of state peasants following the reform of P.D. Kiselev, one of the aims of which was to bring the real situation of this category of the population into line with their formal status as free peasant peasants. The personal and property rights of peasants are examined as well as their implementation under the new system of government; duties, most importantly, the payment of numerous duties and obligations. The authors concluded that the reformers were not able to achieve the desired results. The situation of state peasants was better than that of

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DARROW, DAVID W. "Statistics and ‘sufficiency’: toward an intellectual history of Russia's rural crisis." Continuity and Change 17, no. 1 (2002): 63–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416002004071.

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The article examines the impact of the ‘rise of statistical thinking’ and statistical measurement on elite perceptions of the condition of the Russian Empire's post-emancipation peasant economy. Using archival and published sources, it argues that the increased use of statistical measurement did much to concretize in numerical (‘objective’) terms the idea of rural crisis. In particular, the combination of traditional paternalistic concerns about the sufficiency of peasant resources and the use of cadastre measurement yielded an image of the peasant household economy in which the value (the inc

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Barkan, Joel D., and Frank Holmquist. "Peasant-State Relations and the Social Base of Self-Help in Kenya." World Politics 41, no. 3 (1989): 359–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2010504.

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Peasant-state relations in developing countries are often a function of the nature and extent of stratification in peasant populations. Where there is a rigid class structure, the prospects for cooperation by members of the peasantry are low, and large landowners tend to ally themselves with the state to exploit the rural poor. Where, on the other hand, the nature of rural stratification is ambiguous, “small” and “middle” peasants are able to organize themselves for collective action and to bargain effectively for state aid to their communities. The hypothesis is confirmed using survey data ab

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Bonnicksen, Andrea L. "Book Reviews: Alemneh - Environment, Famine, and Politics in Ethiopia: A View from the VillageAlemneh Dejene Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1990, 150 pp. US$25.95 cloth. ISBN 1-55587-240-9. Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., 1800 30th St., Suite 314, Boulder, CO 80301, USA." Politics and the Life Sciences 11, no. 2 (1992): 269–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s073093840001529x.

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PrécisAlthough the author is now with the World Bank, he was a research fellow at the Energy and Environmental Policy Center, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, when conducting research for this book. He focuses on the Wollo region of Ethiopia, where, as he describes it, “to Wollo peasants, famine is as familiar as their villages” (p. 69). The book is based on surveys given to peasants in the Wollo region in 1987-88, participant observation, and examination of governmental policies. Appendices contain the texts of two questionnaires. One questionnaire was designed to und

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Бирюкова, А. М. "Russian Historiography of Peasant Entrepreneurship in the Moscow Province." Вестник Рязанского государственного университета имени С.А. Есенина, no. 1(70) (March 17, 2021): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37724/rsu.2021.70.1.002.

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Рассматриваются основные вехи отечественной историографии истории предпринимательства крестьян Московской губернии конца XIX — начала ХХ века. Автором прослежены тенденции в изучении данной темы на соответствующих исторических этапах — дореволюционном, советском и постсоветском. В дореволюционной историографии исследовались условия и факторы становления и развития крестьянского предпринимательства, региональная специфика промысловой активности крестьянства. Советская аграрно-историческая наука преимущественное внимание уделяла социально-классовым аспектам, в частности динамике доходов и расход

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Hamburg, Gary M. "Peasant Emancipation and Russian Social Thought: The Case of Boris N. Chicherin." Slavic Review 50, no. 4 (1991): 890–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2500470.

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The problem of abolishing serfdom preoccupied Russian social thinkers long before the Emancipation in 1861. In spite of more than a century of scholarship devoted to analyzing the peasant question, however, historians have reached no consensus on such fundamental issues as the origins and political implications of abolitionist thought. Did advocacy of peasant emancipation by members of the landed nobility spring from liberal altruism or from a selfish desire to defend seigneurial interests against revolutionary peasants and the peasants’ spokesmen, the so-called “revolutionary democrats”? Can

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Prasetyo Adi, Angga, Endriatmo Soetarto, and Martua Sihaloho. "The Paradox of Peasants Resistance in Wonogoro Malang South, East Java Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues (IJSEI) 2, no. 2 (2021): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47540/ijsei.v2i2.210.

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The resistance of the peasants is inseparable from the social class that is intertwined in it so that this resistance is only a tool of the interests of the actors to secure land. The resistance of Wonogoro farmers in opposing social forestry was due to the redistribution of 2 hectares of land. This study uses a theoretical analysis of class dynamics and agrarian change in rural areas. Seeing the social class of farmers who can mobilize farmers to oppose social forestry based on control over land tenure. This research uses a critical paradigm. The research location is in the Wonogoro area, Mal

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Engel, Barbara Alpern. "Russian Peasant Views of City Life, 1861-1914." Slavic Review 52, no. 3 (1993): 446–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2499718.

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In the decades following the emancipation of the serfs, increasing numbers of peasants left their native villages for cities and industrial centers, in response to a growing need for cash and declining opportunities to earn it at home. At least until World War I, the vast majority of these migrants were men; women were the more stable element in the village. In the words of one student of peasant life, women “cling to the family and the land, and need particularly unfavorable circumstances to compel them to move somewhere else.“ Nevertheless, as the nineteenth century drew to a close the econo

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GUZOWSKI, PIOTR. "A changing economy: models of peasant budgets in fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Poland." Continuity and Change 20, no. 1 (2005): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416004005338.

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This article presents two models of Polish peasant budgets. The first is a theoretical budget of a medieval peasant family and the second is a similar model for the early modern period, confirming some of the characteristic features of the transitional period in the Polish economy in this period. Variables taken into account in the construction of the budgets include the average size of a peasant farm, its productivity, the distribution of crops, family size, rents and taxes paid to the state, Church and feudal lords. The two factors that appear to have had the greatest impact on peasant budge

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Thompson, Guy. "“Pumpkins Just Got in There”: Gender and Generational Conflict and “Improved” Agriculture in Colonial Zimbabwe." International Review of Social History 55, S18 (2010): 175–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859010000544.

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SummaryThis essay explores how gender and generational dynamics in peasant communities in colonial Zimbabwe were reshaped between 1930 and 1965 by factors introduced by colonization. British rule brought dramatically greater market opportunities and access to new agricultural tools. Some peasants readily adopted ploughs, combining these new tools with indigenous methods of production and environmental management to increase output and market sales while developing new hybrid ways of working the land. These options allowed some young men to evade the demands of, and obligations to, their father

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Kuryshev, Igor V., and Andrey A. Lyubimov. "Sources on Social and Political Moods of Peasants of the Ishim District of the Ural Region in 1925?27: Materials of the District OGPU Department Reports." Herald of an archivist, no. 2 (2021): 418–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2021-2-418-427.

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The article uses previously unstudied reports of the Ishim district OGPU department to describe social and political attitudes of various groups of peasantry in the palmy days of the New Economic Policy (1925–27). The study is to consider the influence of social rural stratification on peasants’ mindsets and the relationship between the authorities and the peasantry; to assess the political resources of the Ishim peasantry through the lens of the OGPU reports; and to show the intransigence in social interests of the rural poor and the kulaks. The authors assess political moods of peasant popul

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Dayley, Robert, and Attachak Sattayanurak. "Thailand's last peasant." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 47, no. 1 (2015): 42–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463415000478.

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Does Thailand still have peasants? Does it still have a peasant society? How dynamic are Thailand's chaona? To answer these questions we begin with an interview of a septuagenarian farmer who discusses rural change over his lifetime and provocatively claims he is ‘the last peasant’ of his village. We use this rural anecdote as a catalyst to highlight agrarian change in Thailand and to expose the hazards of employing static concepts to describe contemporary rural political economy. By analysing the use and meanings of the term ‘peasant’ and its Thai equivalents, we demonstrate how static concep

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Perrie, Maureen. "The Concept of a ‘Peasant War’ in Soviet and Western Historiography of the ‘Troubles’ in Early 17th-Century and Early 20th-Century Russia." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 2 (April 2019): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2019.2.4.

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The concept of ‘peasant wars’ in 17th- and 18th-century Russia was borrowed by Soviet historians from Friedrich Engels’ work on the Peasant War in Germany. The four peasant wars of the early modern period were identified as the uprisings led by Ivan Bolotnikov (1606-1607), Sten’ka Razin (1667-1671), Kondratiy Bulavin (1707-1708) and Emel’ian Pugachev (1773-1775). Following a debate in the journal Voprosy istorii in 1958-1961, the ‘first peasant war’ was generally considered to encompass the period c.1603-1614 rather than simply 1606- 1607. This approach recognised the continuities in the event

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Kueh, Y. Y. "Food Consumption and Peasant Incomes in the Post-Mao Era." China Quarterly 116 (December 1988): 634–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000037917.

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One of the most dramatic changes in rural China in the post-Mao era has been the abrupt increases in peasant incomes and consumption since 1978. These were deliberately brought about by an overall reorientation in economic policy which aimed at improving peasant incentives, so as to boost farm output and ease the agricultural supply constraint on industrialization – the government's long-run goal. The new development strategy has already resulted in a considerable modification of the Soviet-style agriculture-industry dichotomy, in favour of the Chinese peasants.

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