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Journal articles on the topic 'Peat - Ontario'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Heyes, A., T. R. Moore, J. WM Rudd, and J. J. Dugoua. "Methyl mercury in pristine and impounded boreal peatlands, Experimental Lakes Area, Ontario." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, no. 11 (2000): 2211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f00-197.

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Methyl mercury (MeHg) concentrations were measured in peat and peat porewater of pristine wetlands and an impounded riparian wetland at the Experimental Lakes Area in northwestern Ontario, Canada. In pristine wetlands, MeHg concentrations in peat ranged from 0.1 to 60 ng·g-1 and in peat porewater from 0.02 (the detection limit) to 7.3 ng·L-1, with higher concentrations in wetlands that received upland runoff. Impoundment increased the average MeHg concentration in the near-surface peat porewater from 0.2 to 1.0 ng·L-1. As the increase was most dramatic near the peat - surface water interface,

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2

Pilny, Jerry J., and Alan V. Morgan. "Paleoentomology and Paleoecology of a Possible Sangamonian Site Near Innerkip, Ontario." Quaternary Research 28, no. 1 (1987): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(87)90040-8.

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AbstractA stream section near Innerkip, Ontario, exposes several meters of organic silts and peaty detritus beneath two late Wisconsinan tills. Radiocarbon dates provide a minimal middle Wisconsinan age of >50,000 yr B.P. A 250-kg bulk sample from the peat stratum was processed for vertebrates, plant macrofossils, and insects. Vertebrate remains include teeth from deer, muskrat, and vole as well as plates from a turtle shell. At least 6000 insect fragments from a minimum of 19 Coleoptera families were identified. The most common groups are hydrophilids and dytiscids (water beetles), curculi

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3

Warner, Barry G., David C. Nobes, and Brian D. Theimer. "An application of ground penetrating radar to peat stratigraphy of Ellice Swamp, southwestern Ontario." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 27, no. 7 (1990): 932–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e90-096.

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Ground penetrating radar (GPR) has been applied to the mapping of stratigraphy and peat thickness of a large bog in southwestern Ontario. The GPR survey was undertaken in conjunction with a conventional coring survey and measurement of peat physical properties. The results indicate that GPR responds to peat moisture content and bulk density, which vary with stratigraphic changes. In particular, the acrotelm–catotelm boundary and the basal clay are GPR reflectors. The presence of gyttja above the clay is indicated by complex basal reflections. Ground penetrating radar is a viable alternative to

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4

Roy, Poritosh, Animesh Dutta, and Jim Gallant. "Hydrothermal Carbonization of Peat Moss and Herbaceous Biomass (Miscanthus): A Potential Route for Bioenergy." Energies 11, no. 10 (2018): 2794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102794.

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Peat moss and miscanthus were hydrothermally carbonized (HTC) either individually or co-processed in a different ratio to produce hydrochar. The hydrochar and pelletized hydrochar were then characterized to determine if hydrochar can be used as an alternative to coal to produce bioenergy from existing coal-fired power plants in Ontario that have already been shut down. The properties of carbonized biomass (either hydrochar or pellets) reveal that fuel grade hydrochar can be produced from peat moss or from the blend of peat moss and miscanthus (agricultural biomass/energy crops). Hydrochar eith

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5

Dalrymple, Robert W., and John S. Carey. "Water-level fluctuations in Lake Ontario over the last 4000 years as recorded in the Cataraqui River lagoon, Kingston, Ontario." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 27, no. 10 (1990): 1330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e90-143.

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The modern sediments in the Cataraqui River lagoon and marsh (Kingston, Ontario) consist of mixtures of organic material and clayey silts, the organic content of which increases as water depth decreases; gyttjas are accumulating in the deeper water parts of the lagoon, whereas peat is the dominant sediment in the very shallow water portion of the lagoon (< 0.7 m) and in the adjacent marsh. Cores show that one partial (modern) and two complete depositional cycles (gyttja passing upwards into peat) have formed within the last 4000 years. The contact between cycles (gyttja over peat) is abrupt

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6

Jonsson-Ninniss, Susan, and John Middleton. "Effect of peat extraction on the vegetation in Wainfleet Bog, Ontario." Canadian field-naturalist 105, no. 4 (1991): 505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.358100.

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7

Gignac, L. Dennis, and Peter J. Beckett. "The effect of smelting operations on peatlands near Sudbury, Ontario, Canada." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 6 (1986): 1138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-157.

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Accumulations of six metals (Cu, Ni, Mn, Al, Fe, and Ca) were analysed in peat and water for 18 peatlands east northeast of Falconbridge, Ontario, Canada. The peatlands had a minimum of 30 cm accumulation of peat, < 10 μg mL−1 Ca2+ in the water, and were from a variety of physiognomic dominance types. Significant correlations existed between the distance from smelting operations and the concentrations of Cu and Ni in the peat and water. Levels of Mn, Fe, and Ca were not related to distance. The vegetation was analysed on 11 of the 18 peatlands. With the exception of the two sites closest to

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8

Jeglum, John K., and Fangliang He. "Pattern and vegetation–environment relationships in a boreal forested wetland in northeastern Ontario." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, no. 4 (1995): 629–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-067.

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A forested wetland data set from northeastern Ontario, consisting of species cover and environmental measures in 43 stands, was analyzed with canonical correspondence analysis. Results showed two main vegetational gradients related to factor complexes of peat depth – moisture (mire margin to mire expanse) and pH–calcium. Stands within each of the vegetation types were positioned closely, and gradients of types were similar to those from earlier analyses, suggesting the validity of a previous classification. Axis I of the ordination was highly related to peat depth, several elements (Al, Fe, an

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9

Bubier, J., A. Costello, T. R. Moore, N. T. Roulet, and K. Savage. "Microtopography and methane flux in boreal peatlands, northern Ontario, Canada." Canadian Journal of Botany 71, no. 8 (1993): 1056–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-122.

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Fluxes of methane were measured by a static chamber technique at hummock, hollow, and lawn microtopographic locations in 12 peatland sites near Cochrane, northern Ontario, from May to October 1991. Average fluxes (mg∙m−2∙d−1) were 2.3 (SD = 1.9) at hummocks, 44.4 (SD = 49.0) at hollows, and 15.6 (SD = 12.9) at lawns. Methane flux was negatively correlated with average water table position based on the 36 locations (r2 = 0.649, p < 0.001), with hummocks having a smaller flux than hollows or lawns, where the water table depth was < 25 cm. Peat samples from a bog hummock and hollow failed t

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10

Aravena, Ramon, B. G. Warner, D. J. Charman, L. R. Belyea, S. P. Mathur, and Henri Dinel. "Carbon Isotopic Composition of Deep Carbon Gases in an Ombrogenous Peatland, Northwestern Ontario, Canada." Radiocarbon 35, no. 2 (1993): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200064948.

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Radiocarbon dating and carbon isotope analyses of deep peat and gases in a small ombrogenous peatland in northwestern Ontario reveals the presence of old gases at depth that are 1000–2000 yr younger than the enclosing peat. We suggest that the most likely explanation to account for this age discrepancy is the downward movement by advection of younger dissolved organic carbon for use by fermentation and methanogens bacteria. This study identifies a potentially large supply of old carbon gases in peatlands that should be considered in global carbon models of the terrestrial biosphere.

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11

Mott, Robert J., and Ronald N. W. DiLabio. "Paleoecology of Organic Deposits of Probable Last Interglacial Age in Northern Ontario." Articles 44, no. 3 (2007): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032832ar.

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ABSTRACT Nonglacial deposits in northern Ontario that may date to the last interglacial interval are well known from the Hudson Bay Lowlands where they have been described in sections along several river valleys. Soil horizons, peat beds and other organic sediment sequences comprise the Missinaibi Formation of the Moose River Basin studied for pollen and macrofossils. Results suggest that the climate was as warm or warmer than present, and spruce woodlands prevailed among broad expanses of bog and fen. The Beaver River peat records conditions similar to the present in the Fort Severn area with

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12

Pilny, Jerry J., Alan V. Morgan, and Anne Morgan. "Paleoclimatic implications of a Late Wisconsinan insect assemblage from Rostock, southwestern Ontario." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 24, no. 4 (1987): 617–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e87-060.

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The Rostock site is situated in a peat-covered wetland where fragments of a mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) were unearthed in 1982. Excavation showed a descending sequence of peat, silty marl, gravel, clayey silt, and till. Approximately 300 kg of sediment was taken from the section for pollen, invertebrate, and geochemical analyses. The peat–marl transition is believed to be approximately contemporaneous with the spruce–pine transition in southern Ontario (ca. 10 600 years BP). A date of 10 790 ± 150 years BP on collagen from mammoth tusk fragments recovered from the same level substantiates

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13

Dinel, H., P. J. H. Richard, P. E. M. Levésque, and A. Larouche. "Origine et évolution du marais tourbeux de Keswick, Ontario, par l'analyse pollinique et macrofossile." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 23, no. 8 (1986): 1145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e86-113.

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The objectives of the present study were to explain the origin and to reconstitute the different phases of the paleovegetation of the Keswick marsh, Ontario. Palynological evidence was used to key out the regional and extra-local paleovegetation, and macrofossils analysis served to establish the history of the vegetation at the field site. The data showed that in the vicinity of Lake Simcoe the origin of the marsh was closely associated with the changes in the climatic conditions that favored the development of an environment suitable for peat-forming plant communities; 2.4 m of peat accumulat

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14

Churcher, Charles S., Jerry J. Pilny, and Alan V. Morgan. "Late Pleistocene Vertebrate, Plant and Insect Remains from the lnnerkip Site, Southwestern Ontario." Articles 44, no. 3 (2007): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032831ar.

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ABSTRACT Remains of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus), muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) and Blanding's turtle (Emydoidea blandingi) have been recovered from a peat deposit exposed on a tributary of the Thames River in southwestern Ontario. Numerous insect fossils, principally Coleoptera, and a variety of plants recovered from the same stratigraphie horizon have permitted a partial reconstruction of a larger community at the site of peat deposition. The plant, vertebrate and invertebrate fossils represent part of an assemblage which existed in. or be

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15

Kennedy, Paula L., and Paul J. Van Geel. "Impact of density on the hydraulics of peat filters." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 38, no. 6 (2001): 1213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t01-047.

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Peat filters have been used to treat septic tank effluents from domestic and commercial sources, landfill leachate, and acid mine drainage. A better understanding of the hydraulics and impact of the organic loading on these types of systems will enhance the application of peat filter systems. This paper presents the results of a field study to evaluate the hydraulics of a peat filter used to treat the septic tank effluent from a public school west of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The filter was instrumented with tensiometers and transducers to monitor the pore-water pressures in response to a pulse

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16

Groot, Arthur, and Michael J. Adams. "Direct seeding black spruce on peatlands: fifth-year results." Forestry Chronicle 70, no. 5 (1994): 585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc70585-5.

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Black spruce seedspot and broadcast seeding experiments were completed on peatlands at four locations in northeastern Ontario. Poorly decomposed Sphagnum peat was the best seedbed for black spruce, with establishment ratios from 20 to 50 seedlings per 100 seeds sown. An effective seeding rate (actual seeding rate × receptive seedbed area fraction) of six or seven seeds per quadrat is required to obtain quadrat stocking of 80% or greater. Fifth-year seedling heights averaged from 8 to 17 cm. Black spruce advance growth is often an important source of regeneration on peatlands and must be consid

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17

Pittman, R., and B. Hu. "IMPROVING THE BINARY CLASSIFICATION OF PEAT LOCALITIES FROM MULTI-SOURCE REMOTELY-SENSED DATA USING CNN." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2022 (May 30, 2022): 983–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2022-983-2022.

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Abstract. Neural networks were explored to achieve a binary classification for determining land corresponding to peat for a study area in the boreal forest of northern Ontario, Canada. Environmental covariates were employed as predictors and obtained from multiple sources, which included multispectral imagery, LiDAR, SAR, and aeromagnetic data. A dense neural network (DNN), as well as a convolutional neural network (CNN), were each implemented. Logistic regression, support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) approaches were also modelled. Neighboring pixels surrounding the soil samplin

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18

Gignac, L. Dennis. "Ecological tolerance and niche structure of Sphagnum along a pollution gradient near Sudbury, Ontario, Canada." Canadian Journal of Botany 65, no. 6 (1987): 1268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b87-177.

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Accumulations of Cu and Ni were measured in four Sphagnum species occupying overlapping niches at varying distances from the smelter at Falconbridge, Ont. A distinct relationship existed between the metal content of Sphagnum russowii and the reciprocal of the distance from the pollution source. Accumulations of Cu and Ni in the partially humidified peat subtending the living Sphagnum were significantly higher than the concentrations retained in the moss plants, particularly on sites having high metal loadings. Concentrations of Cu and Ni were not significantly different between species occupyi

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19

Schwert, Donald P., Thane W. Anderson, Anne Morgan, Alan V. Morgan, and Paul F. Karrow. "Changes in Late Quaternary Vegetation and Insect Communities in Southwestern Ontario." Quaternary Research 23, no. 2 (1985): 205–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(85)90029-8.

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The Gage Street site in Kitchener, Ontario, is a peat/marl sequence representing continuous lacustrine sedimentation from the time of deglaciation (ca. 13,000 yr B.P.) through 6900 yr B.P. Insect, pollen, and plant macrofossil remains isolated from the sediments indicate that from ca. 13,000 to 12,500 yr B.P. the region was characterized by parkland-tundra vegetation existing within thermal conditions more analogous to those today of the midboreal forest. The transition from parkland to coniferous forest at ca. 12,500 yr B.P. occurred within a climate that was only gradually warming. By the ti

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20

Adkinson, Angela, Shaun A. Watmough, and Peter J. Dillon. "Drought-induced metal release from a wetland at Plastic Lake, central Ontario." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65, no. 5 (2008): 834–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f07-195.

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With climate change, droughts may become more frequent in southern Ontario, which could release metals from peat and degrade downstream water quality. Monthly volume-weighted metal (Al, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn) concentrations and fluxes in streams and bulk deposition at Plastic Lake were monitored over 20 months in 2002–2003, during which there was a summer drought. Monthly concentrations in the outflow from the wetland (PC1) were variable, with very high concentrations following the drought. With the exception of Pb, statistically significant models of metal concentrations with

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21

Frolking, S., N. T. Roulet, E. Tuittila, et al. "A new model of Holocene peatland net primary production, decomposition, water balance, and peat accumulation." Earth System Dynamics 1, no. 1 (2010): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-1-1-2010.

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Abstract. Peatland carbon and water cycling are tightly coupled, so dynamic modeling of peat accumulation over decades to millennia should account for carbon-water feedbacks. We present initial results from a new simulation model of long-term peat accumulation, evaluated at a well-studied temperate bog in Ontario, Canada. The Holocene Peat Model (HPM) determines vegetation community composition dynamics and annual net primary productivity based on peat depth (as a proxy for nutrients and acidity) and water table depth. Annual peat (carbon) accumulation is the net balance above- and below-groun

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22

Frolking, S., N. T. Roulet, E. Tuittila, et al. "A new model of Holocene peatland net primary production, decomposition, water balance, and peat accumulation." Earth System Dynamics Discussions 1, no. 1 (2010): 115–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esdd-1-115-2010.

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Abstract. Peatland carbon and water cycling are tightly coupled, so dynamic modeling of peat accumulation over decades to millennia should account for carbon-water feedbacks. We present initial results from a new simulation model of long-term peat accumulation, evaluated at a well-studied temperate bog in Ontario, Canada. The Holocene Peat Model (HPM) determines vegetation community composition dynamics and annual net primary productivity based on peat depth (as a proxy for nutrients and acidity) and water table depth. Annual peat (carbon) accumulation is the net balance above- and below-groun

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23

Bhatti, J. S., N. W. Foster, and P. W. Hazlett. "Fine root biomass and nutrient content in a black spruce peat soil with and without alder." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 78, no. 1 (1998): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s96-097.

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Vertical distribution of fine root biomass and nutrient content was examined within a black spruce (Picea mariana) stand growing on a boreal peat soil in northeastern Ontario. The influence of site physical and chemical properties on fine root biomass production was assessed. More then 80% of the fine roots were present in moss plus the top 10 cm of peat where nutrients and aeration are most favourable. The fine root biomass (W/V) was significantly higher with alder (5.9 kg m−3) (Alnus rugosa) as understory vegetation compared to non-alder locations (2.9 kg m−3). Total nutrient content in fine

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24

McIntyre, S. H., H. C. Duthie, and B. C. Warner. "Postglacial development of a marl and peat complex on the Precambrian Shield of northwestern Ontario." Journal of Paleolimnology 6, no. 2 (1991): 141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00153738.

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25

Warner, Barry G., Helen J. Kubiw, and Paul F. Karrow. "Origin of a postglacial kettle-fill sequence near Georgetown, Ontario." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 28, no. 12 (1991): 1965–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e91-178.

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Stratigraphic relationships, radiocarbon dating, and pollen and plant macrofossil analyses establish the origin and developmental history of a kettle near Georgetown, Ontario. The early inorganic sediments contain redeposited fossils, particularly from local vegetation. Fossils in peat younger than 10 000 BP largely represent past wetland plant communities in the basin. Although the fossil record probably began about 1300 years after deglaciation of the site, an additional 1700 years passed before the dead ice block melted; only then did sedimentation and biological activity stabilize in the b

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Charman, D. J., and B. G. Warner. "Relationship between testate amoebae (Protozoa: Rhizopoda) and microenvironmental parameters on a forested peatland in northeastern Ontario." Canadian Journal of Zoology 70, no. 12 (1992): 2474–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z92-331.

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The relative abundance of species of testate amoebae (Testacea; Rhizopoda) was established from 107 surface moss samples from a forested peatland in northeastern Ontario. These were related by multivariate analysis to a number of microenvironmental conditions including soil moisture content, water table, bulk density, humification, dominant peat component, pH, peat depth, depth of living moss, dominant surface moss species, vegetation type, microtopographical position, and artificial drainage. Moisture conditions play a key role in determining the species assemblages, pH being a secondary fact

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27

Barnett, P. J., J. P. Coakley, J. Terasmae, and C. E. Winn. "Chronology and significance of a Holocene sedimentary profile from Clear Creek, Lake Erie shoreline, Ontario." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 22, no. 8 (1985): 1133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e85-115.

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An abandoned channel of Clear Creek, cut approximately 5 m below the present level of Lake Erie, was cored and the infilling sediments were examined. The postglacial history of this channel was reconstructed based on sedimentological, palynological, and chronological studies.The channel was cut initially some 15 m into Wentworth Till during the low-water Early Lake Erie stage. The infilling or aggradation of the channel began about 9500–9000 years BP, probably in response to rising water levels in the Lake Erie basin.This channel was cut off from the main channel shortly afterwards and an oxbo

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28

Miller, Randall F., W. D. Fitzgerald, and D. N. Buhay. "Fossil Coleoptera from the postglacial spruce–pine transition period near Minesing Swamp, Ontario." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 24, no. 10 (1987): 2099–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e87-199.

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Analysis of Coleoptera fragments from a woody peat overlain by alluvial sands, near the margin of Minesing Swamp, records the adjustment of the beetle fauna to climatic change at the time of the spruce–pine transition. The site, dated at 10 280 years BP, contains a small but interesting insect assemblage recovered from a 1 m section. Bark beetles and staphylinid beetles typical of the Boreal forest occur in the spruce pollen zone. Higher in the section bark beetles are absent, and staphylinid beetles typical of the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence Forest Region occur in the pine and hemlock pollen z

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29

Moore, T. R., L. Matos, and N. T. Roulet. "Dynamics and chemistry of dissolved organic carbon in Precambrian Shield catchments and an impounded wetland." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60, no. 5 (2003): 612–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f03-050.

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We examined the sources, sinks, and fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and its chemical fractions over a 4-year period in upland and wetland catchments in the Experimental Lakes Area, Ontario. In an upland catchment, the major sources of DOC were precipitation, vegetation, and soil organic matter, resulting in a summer (June to October) export of 2.1 g·m2. DOC concentrations in peat pore water ranged from 20 to 60 mg·L1 and were related to hydrologic pathways. DOC export from catchments containing wetlands ranged from 0.8 to 5.7 g·m2 and export from the peatland portion of the catchme

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Abidine, A. Zine El, P. Y. Bernier, and A. P. Plamondon. "Water relations parameters of lowland and upland black spruce: seasonal variations and ecotypic differences." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 3 (1994): 587–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-077.

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Weekly values of water relations parameters of four black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P) populations growing in a common garden north of Québec City were obtained by pressure–volume curve analysis from mid-May to mid-October 1991. Two of the four populations originated from the province of Quebec, and two were from Ontario. Within each geographical location, one population was from a lowland site (peat soil) and the other from an upland site (well-drained sandy soil). Differences between upland and lowland populations were small but statistically significant for the majority of water rela

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Finkelstein, Sarah A., and Anthony M. Davis. "Paleoenvironmental records of water level and climatic changes from the middle to late holocene at a Lake Erie coastal wetland, Ontario, Canada." Quaternary Research 65, no. 1 (2006): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2005.08.021.

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AbstractPollen and diatom assemblages, and peat stratigraphies, from a coastal wetland on the northern shore of Lake Erie were used to analyze water level and climatic changes since the middle Holocene and their effects on wetland plant communities. Peat deposition began 4700 cal yr B.P. during the Nipissing II transgression, which was driven by isostatic rebound. At that time, a diatom-rich wild rice marsh existed at the site. Water level dropped at the end of the Nipissing rise at least 2 m within 200 yr, leading to the development of shallower-water plant communities and an environment too

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32

McDonald*, Mary Ruth, Kevin Vander Kooi, Cathy Bakker, and Alan McKeown. "Crop Diversification In Ontario: Adaptation of Annual Globe Artichokes." HortScience 39, no. 4 (2004): 802B—802. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.802b.

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Globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a high value cool season crop which requires vernalization to induce flower formation. The climate in Ontario does not allow for survival of perennial cultivars or for consistent natural vernalization of annuals. Three methods of vernalization were tested: a controlled environment chamber, a lighted cold storage, or GA3 application in the field. Plants, cv. Green Globe Improved, were grown in a greenhouse set at 25 °C day temperature in 72-cell Styro-foam trays in a peat mix. At 4 weeks, plants receiving vernalization were transferred to growth chambers,

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Duval, Tim P., and J. M. Waddington. "Landscape and weather controls on fine-scale calcareous fen hydrodynamics." Hydrology Research 43, no. 6 (2012): 780–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2011.127.

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Calcareous fens are species-rich peatlands thought to form at discrete alkaline groundwater discharge points. Here the spatial and temporal variability in the peat pore-water hydrodynamics at a fine (plot) scale of three calcareous fens in southern Ontario was investigated over three growing seasons to evaluate the sensitivity of these wetlands to weather fluctuation and landscape position. Only a small area of the fens demonstrated patterns of groundwater upwelling, and positive vertical hydraulic gradients (VHG) were low, peaking at 0.1. Local decreases in saturated hydraulic conductivity ge

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Dondale, Charles D., and James H. Redner. "SPIDERS (ARANEAE) OF SIX SMALL PEATLANDS IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO OR SOUTHWESTERN QUEBEC." Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 126, S169 (1994): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm126169033-1.

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AbstractSix small peatlands, comprising three bogs and three fens, were surveyed for spiders in southern Ontario or southwestern Quebec. Collections from the Mer Bleue bog contained representatives of 108 species (54.6% of the total), those from the Crieff fen 97 (49.0%), those from the Wylde Lake bog 77 (38.9%), those from the Oliver bog 76 (38.4%), those from the Richmond fen 59 (29.8%), and those from the Poltimore fen 49 species (24.8% of the total). The family Erigonidae had 24.8% of the total 198 species, Lycosidae had 11.1%, Linyphiidae had 10.6%, and Salticidae had 9.1%, Web-building s

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Bendell-Young, Leah, and F. R. Pick. "Base cation composition of pore water, peat and pool water of fifteen Ontario peatlands: Implications for peatland acidification." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 96, no. 1-4 (1997): 155–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02407202.

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Kopp, B. J., J. H. Fleckenstein, N. T. Roulet, E. Humphreys, and C. Blodau. "Impact of long-term drainage on summer groundwater flow patterns in the Mer Bleue peatland, Ontario, Canada." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 1 (2013): 33–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-33-2013.

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Abstract. Long-term impacts of a drier climate on coupled hydrology and carbon cycling in northern peatlands are poorly understood. We used a historic drainage ditch, separating an area from the main peatland, as an analogue for long-term drying in a northern temperate bog. The objective was to identify the impact of drier conditions on ecohydrological processes and groundwater flow patterns in an area now wooded and an area that maintained bog character. Groundwater flow patterns alternated between downward flow and upward flow in the bog area and were mostly upward orientated in the wooded a

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Wendel, S., T. Moore, J. Bubier, and C. Blodau. "Experimental nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium deposition decreases summer soil temperatures, water contents, and soil CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations in a northern bog." Biogeosciences Discussions 7, no. 4 (2010): 6589–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-7-6589-2010.

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Abstract. Ombrotrophic peatlands depend on airborne nitrogen (N), whose deposition has increased in the past and lead to disappearance of mosses and increased shrub biomass in fertilization experiments. The response of soil water content, temperature, and carbon gas concentrations to increased nutrient loading is poorly known and we thus determined these data at the long-term N fertilization site Mer Bleue bog, Ontario, during a two month period in summer. Soil temperatures decreased with NPK addition in shallow peat soil primarily during the daytime (t-test, p<0.05) owing to increased shad

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Wendel, S., T. Moore, J. Bubier, and C. Blodau. "Experimental nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium deposition decreases summer soil temperatures, water contents, and soil CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations in a northern bog." Biogeosciences 8, no. 3 (2011): 585–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-585-2011.

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Abstract. Ombrotrophic peatlands depend on airborne nitrogen (N), whose deposition has increased in the past and lead to disappearance of mosses and increased shrub biomass in fertilization experiments. The response of soil water content, temperature, and carbon gas concentrations to increased nutrient loading is poorly known and we thus determined these data at the long-term N fertilization site Mer Bleue bog, Ontario, during a two month period in summer. Soil temperatures decreased with NPK addition in shallow peat soil primarily during the daytime (t-test, p < 0.05) owing to increased sh

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Groot, Arthur. "Physical effects of site disturbance on peatlands." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 78, no. 1 (1998): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s97-025.

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Forest harvesting on peatland sites during the frost-free season often creates water-filled ruts and transfers more humified layers of peat to the surface. Foresters have generally assumed that such disturbance has negative consequences related to proliferation of graminoid vegetation, disruption of surface drainage leading to raised water tables and, possibly, reduced site productivity. An experiment was established during 1996 near Cochrane, Ontario to examine the physical impacts of site disturbance on peatlands. Summer traffic by forest harvesting equipment was imposed at three intensities

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Bunbury, Joan, Sarah A. Finkelstein, and Jörg Bollmann. "Holocene hydro-climatic change and effects on carbon accumulation inferred from a peat bog in the Attawapiskat River watershed, Hudson Bay Lowlands, Canada." Quaternary Research 78, no. 2 (2012): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2012.05.013.

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AbstractMultiple proxies from a 319-cm peat core collected from the Hudson Bay Lowlands, northern Ontario, Canada were analyzed to determine how carbon accumulation has varied as a function of paleohydrology and paleoclimate. Testate amoeba assemblages, analysis of peat composition and humification, and a pollen record from a nearby lake suggest that isostatic rebound and climate may have influenced peatland growth and carbon dynamics over the past 6700 cal yr BP. Long-term apparent rates of carbon accumulation ranged between 8.1 and 36.7 g C m− 2 yr− 1 (average = 18.9 g C m− 2 yr− 1). The hig

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Kopp, B. J., J. H. Fleckenstein, N. T. Roulet, E. Humphreys, J. Talbot, and C. Blodau. "Impact of long-term drainage on summer groundwater flow patterns in the Mer Bleue peatland, Ontario, Canada." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 9 (2013): 3485–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3485-2013.

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Abstract. Long-term impacts of drier conditions on the hydrology of northern peatlands are poorly understood. We used long-term drainage near a historic drainage ditch, separating an area from the main peatland, as an analogue for long-term drying in a northern temperate bog. The objective was to identify the impact of drier conditions on ecohydrological processes and groundwater flow patterns in an area now forested and an area that maintained a bog-like character. Groundwater flow patterns alternated between mostly downward flow and occasionally upward flow in the bog area and were mostly up

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Weninger, J. M., and J. H. McAndrews. "Late Holocene aggradation in the lower Humber River valley, Toronto, Ontario." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26, no. 9 (1989): 1842–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e89-157.

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Alluvial fills are common in the lower reaches of rivers along the western shore of Lake Ontario. The Humber River floodplain at Toronto is underlain by a 2.5 km long wedge of alluvium that thins upstream from Lake Ontario. Floodplain sediments were studied for their lithology, 14C age, and fossil pollen. On the levees, grey clay is overlain by oxidized silt and sand. Sediment cores from two flood ponds grade upward from gravel, sand, and silt, to silty marl, mineral peat, and clay, to heterogeneous silt and sand. Base-level (Lake Ontario) rise directly controlled aggradation between 6500 and

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Farmer, Robert E., Heather A. Foster, Olenka Bakowsky, Brian MacDonald, Gwenoth O'Reilly, and Ronald Reinholt. "A Vegetative Propagation System for Tamarack." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 3, no. 3 (1986): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/3.3.91.

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Abstract Greenwood cuttings from greenhouse-produced tamarack seedlings and 3- to 10-year-old tamarack wildlings transplanted from natural stands in north-western Ontario were rooted under mist in peat-vermiculite. Eighty-five percent of cuttings from seedlings rooted; treatment with indolebutyric acid increased number of roots per cutting, but not rooting percent. At 6 weeks after planting, rooting of cuttings from wildlings averaged 66%, and at 12 weeks, 91%. Twelve-week rooting percent of cuttings from individual ortets ranged from 12 to 100, but cuttings from the majority of ortets exhibit

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Yu, Zicheng, J. H. McAndrews, and D. Siddiqi. "Influences of Holocene climate and water levels on vegetation dynamics of a lakeside wetland." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 10 (1996): 1602–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-194.

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Sediment lithology, pollen, and plant-macrofossil data from the Paynter Site, southern Ontario, revealed three wetland developmental stages during the past 11 000 years: (i) a Carex, Eupatorium, and Eleocharis dominated marsh with some Larix, Abies, and Picea (ca. 11 000–8300 cal years BP); (ii) a Verbena hastata and Mentha arvensis marsh (ca. 8300–7460 cal years BP); and (iii) a white cedar (Thuja occidentalis) swamp (7460 cal years BP to present). There were no significant successional changes in the initial diverse marsh (stage 1) for about 2700 years; its high taxon richness was maintained

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Lavoie, Martin, David Paré, Nicole Fenton, Arthur Groot, and Kim Taylor. "Paludification and management of forested peatlands in Canada: a literature review." Environmental Reviews 13, no. 2 (2005): 21–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a05-006.

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The Clay Belt region of Quebec and Ontario supports a large forest resource and an important forest industry. In this region, the majority of the harvested volume allotted to forest companies is in forested peatlands and boreal forests prone to paludification. Paludification is the accumulation of organic matter over time, and is generally believed to be caused by increasing soil moisture and Sphagnum colonization. Paludification is influenced by external and internal factors; it reduces soil temperature, decomposition rates, microbial activity, and nutrient availability. As a result, paludifi

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Diamond, Joshua, Mark Browning, Andrew Williams, and John Middleton. "Lack of Evidence for Impact of the European White Birch, Betula pendula, on the Hydrology of Wainfleet Bog, Ontario." Canadian Field-Naturalist 117, no. 3 (2003): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v117i3.741.

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Over time peat harvesting and human encroachment have devastated the hydrology of Wainfleet Bog. Disturbances caused by human activities have rendered the bog ecosystem vulnerable to an influx of invasive species. The European White Birch (Betula pendula) has contributed to the degradation of the Wainfleet Bog. The disrupted hydrology has allowed for the development of dry conditions that have enabled B. pendula to take over habitats that were once dominated by native flora. To determine whether B. pendula was depressing the water table through evapotranspiration, we examined water table level

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Dyer, Richard D., and Peter J. Barnett. "Multimedia exploration strategies for PGEs: insights from the Surficial Geochemistry Case Studies Project, Lake Nipigon Region Geoscience Initiative, northwestern Ontario." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 44, no. 8 (2007): 1169–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e07-031.

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The Surficial Geochemistry Case Studies Project in the Lake Nipigon region involved detailed Quaternary mapping and multimedia geochemical sampling within five case study areas. Two of these areas, Lac des Iles and Tib Lake, contain known platinum group element (PGE) mineralization. The other three case study areas feature drainage catchments with lakes that contain anomalous levels of PGEs in bottom sediment. Surficial media sampled included till, soils, stream sediment, lake sediment, peat, surface water, and groundwater. Over Archean terrain, such as at Lac des Iles and Tib Lake, there is e

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Kinsley, C. B., A. M. Crolla, N. Kuyucak, M. Zimmer, and A. Laflèche. "Nitrogen dynamics in a constructed wetland system treating landfill leachate." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 3 (2007): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.521.

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A pilot scale treatment system was established in 2002 at the Laflèche Landfill in Eastern Ontario, Canada. The system consists of a series of treatment steps: a stabilisation basin (10,000 m3), a woodland peat trickling filter (5,200 m2), a subsurface flow constructed wetland planted in Phragmites sp. (2,600 m2), a surface flow constructed wetland planted in Typha sp. (3,600 m2) and a polishing pond (3,600 m2). The system operates from May to December with leachate being recycled within the landfill during the winter months. Hydraulic loading was increased three-fold over four operating seaso

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Gonsamo, Alemu, Michael T. Ter-Mikaelian, Jing M. Chen, and Jiaxin Chen. "Does Earlier and Increased Spring Plant Growth Lead to Reduced Summer Soil Moisture and Plant Growth on Landscapes Typical of Tundra-Taiga Interface?" Remote Sensing 11, no. 17 (2019): 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11171989.

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Over the past four decades, satellite observations have shown intensified global greening. At the same time, widespread browning and reversal of or stalled greening have been reported at high latitudes. One of the main reasons for this browning/lack of greening is thought to be warming-induced water stress, i.e., soil moisture depletion caused by earlier spring growth and increased summer evapotranspiration. To investigate these phenomena, we use MODIS collection 6, Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies third-generation (GIMMS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI3g), and Globa

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Barreto, Carlos, and Zoë Lindo. "Checklist of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) from two contrasting boreal fens: an update on oribatid mites of Canadian peatlands." Systematic and Applied Acarology 26, no. 5 (2021): 866–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.26.5.4.

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A checklist of the oribatid mite species from two boreal fens in Northern Ontario, Canada is presented. 174 peat soil samples, collected between 2015–2020, yielded a heterogeneous assemblage of 80 species, 57 genera and 33 families. Species richness and diversity were significantly higher in a Sphagnum-dominated fen (69 species) compared to a Carex-dominated fen (51 species), and although 40 species were found at both sites, overall composition was significantly different between the two sites. We also present an update to the seminal work of Behan-Pelletier and Bissett (1994) on Oribatida of

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