Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Peau – Cultures et milieux de culture'
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Le, Sceller Annie. "Les techniques de culture des cellules de la peau." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR2P121.
Full textLorthois, Isabelle, and Isabelle Lorthois. "Développement de modèles tridimensionnels de peau immunocompétente : application au psoriasis, une dermatose inflammatoire chronique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37608.
Full textLe psoriasis se caractérise par la présence d’infiltrats leucocytaires inflammatoires au niveau du derme et de l’épiderme cutané humain, menant à des désordres cutanés considérables : hyperprolifération des cellules épidermiques basales, différenciation altérée des kératinocytes et sécrétion accrue de médiateurs pro-inflammatoires dans le microenvironnement local. Cette dysfonction immuno-épithéliale menant au développement de lésions blanchâtres, agit tel un cercle vicieux incontrôlable, stimulant réciproquement les kératinocytes et les cellules immunitaires. Dans cette optique, mes travaux de doctorat ont visé à : (1) générer un microenvironnement immunocompétent par l’intégration de cellules T pré-activées dans un modèle de peau saine, non-lésionnelle et lésionnelle, produit selon la méthode d’auto-assemblage afin (2) d’étudier le rôle de cette composante importante sur les caractéristiques-clés associées au psoriasis. De surcroit, nous avions pour autre objectif (3) d’analyser l’impact de macrophages dérivés de monocytes dans un modèle tridimensionnel de peau saine afin (4) de déterminer l’influence de ces cellules sur le remodelage matriciel et la différenciation épidermique à l’état d’équilibre pour, finalement, (5) analyser l’empreinte du microenvironnement sur leur polarisation in vitro. Nos données mettent en lumière le caractère déterminant de la composante immunitaire, lorsqu’associée aux cellules cutanées pathologiques, dans le développement des lésions psoriasiques, puisque la présence de cellules T, dans un modèle de peau saine, n’induit pas l’ensemble des caractéristiques histopathologiques associées à cette dermatose. D’autre part, ces modèles de peau immunocompétente répondent à un traitement de choix pour le psoriasis, le méthotrexate, qui inhibe la prolifération cellulaire et atténue l’inflammation. Ces nouveaux modèles organotypiques serviront d’outils précliniques performants pour le criblage d’actifs visant à traiter certaines pathologies d’origine auto-immune inflammatoire chronique, dans lesquelles le système immunitaire joue un rôle crucial, à l’exemple du psoriasis. Par ailleurs, l’intégration de macrophages dérivés de monocytes dans un modèle de peau normale, affecte l’état de différenciation des kératinocytes épidermiques tout en réduisant l’état inflammatoire basal. Ces macrophages induisent, en outre, un remodelage matriciel tissulaire important modifiant de ce fait le microenvironnement avoisinant. Finalement, ce nouveau modèle tridimensionnel nous a permis, d’une part, de mimer davantage la structure cutanée physiologique et, d’autre part, de mieux comprendre l’influence de ces cellules sur le phénotype cutané à l’état d’équilibre. Bien que d’autres études soient nécessaires avant l’utilisation de ces modèles en phase préclinique, ces travaux constituent une avancée majeure dans le développement de modèles produits par génie tissulaire, plus complexes et plus pertinents d’un point de vue physiologique.
Psoriasis is characterized by the presence of inflammatory leukocyte infiltrates in the human skin dermis and epidermis, leading to important skin disorders: hyperproliferation of basal epidermal cells, altered differentiation of keratinocytes, and increased secretion of proinflammatory mediators in the local microenvironment. This immuno-epithelial dysfunction leading to the development of whitish lesions acts as an uncontrollable vicious circle, stimulating the keratinocytes and the immune cells. With this in mind, my thesis work aimed to: (1) generate an immunocompetent microenvironment by integrating pre-activated T cells into a healthy, non-lesional and lesional skin model, produced using the self-assembly method (2) to study the role of this essential component on key features associated with psoriasis. In addition, our other objective was (3) to analyze the impact of monocyte-derived macrophages in a three-dimensional model of healthy skin (4) to determine the influence of these cells on tissue remodeling and epidermal differentiation at steady state, (5) in order to finally analyze the microenvironment effect on their in vitro polarization. Our data highlight the essential feature of the immune component, when associated with pathological skin cells, in the development of psoriatic lesions, since the presence of T cells, in a healthy skin model, does not induce all of the histopathological key features, associated with the dermatosis. On the other hand, these models of immunocompetent skin respond to a treatment of choice for psoriasis, methotrexate, which inhibits cell proliferation and reduces inflammation. These new organotypic models will serve as powerful preclinical tools for the screening of active agents to treat some chronic inflammatory pathologies of autoimmune origin, in which the immune system plays a crucial role, like psoriasis. Moreover, the integration of monocytederived macrophages into a normal skin model affects the differentiation state of epidermal keratinocytes while reducing the basal inflammatory state. These macrophages induce, in addition, a significant matrix remodeling thereby modifying the surrounding microenvironment. Finally, this new three-dimensional model allowed us, on the one hand, to further mimic the physiological cutaneous structure and, on the other hand, to better understand the influence of these cells on the skin phenotype at steady state. Although further studies are needed prior to the use of these preclinical models, this work represents a major breakthrough in the development of more complex tissue-engineered models that are physiologically relevant.
Psoriasis is characterized by the presence of inflammatory leukocyte infiltrates in the human skin dermis and epidermis, leading to important skin disorders: hyperproliferation of basal epidermal cells, altered differentiation of keratinocytes, and increased secretion of proinflammatory mediators in the local microenvironment. This immuno-epithelial dysfunction leading to the development of whitish lesions acts as an uncontrollable vicious circle, stimulating the keratinocytes and the immune cells. With this in mind, my thesis work aimed to: (1) generate an immunocompetent microenvironment by integrating pre-activated T cells into a healthy, non-lesional and lesional skin model, produced using the self-assembly method (2) to study the role of this essential component on key features associated with psoriasis. In addition, our other objective was (3) to analyze the impact of monocyte-derived macrophages in a three-dimensional model of healthy skin (4) to determine the influence of these cells on tissue remodeling and epidermal differentiation at steady state, (5) in order to finally analyze the microenvironment effect on their in vitro polarization. Our data highlight the essential feature of the immune component, when associated with pathological skin cells, in the development of psoriatic lesions, since the presence of T cells, in a healthy skin model, does not induce all of the histopathological key features, associated with the dermatosis. On the other hand, these models of immunocompetent skin respond to a treatment of choice for psoriasis, methotrexate, which inhibits cell proliferation and reduces inflammation. These new organotypic models will serve as powerful preclinical tools for the screening of active agents to treat some chronic inflammatory pathologies of autoimmune origin, in which the immune system plays a crucial role, like psoriasis. Moreover, the integration of monocytederived macrophages into a normal skin model affects the differentiation state of epidermal keratinocytes while reducing the basal inflammatory state. These macrophages induce, in addition, a significant matrix remodeling thereby modifying the surrounding microenvironment. Finally, this new three-dimensional model allowed us, on the one hand, to further mimic the physiological cutaneous structure and, on the other hand, to better understand the influence of these cells on the skin phenotype at steady state. Although further studies are needed prior to the use of these preclinical models, this work represents a major breakthrough in the development of more complex tissue-engineered models that are physiologically relevant.
Shahabeddin, Lili. "Développement et caractérisation d'une "peau reconstruite" in vitro." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO1T026.
Full textJean, Jessica. "Applications dermopharmaceutiques : développement d'un modèle de substituts cutanés psoriasiques par génie tissulaire." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22724.
Full textLa méthode d'auto-assemblage permet la production de substituts cutanés sans matériel exogène. L'objectif principal de notre travail a été de modifier cette méthode originale afin de produire un nouveau modèle de substituts cutanés pathologiques fabriqués à partir de cellules psoriasiques. Dans un premier temps, des substituts sains ont été cultivés en présence et en absence de sérum de veau foetal dans le but d'optimiser les conditions de culture. Puis, des analyses histologiques, immunohistochimiques, de perméabilité et des propriétés physico-chimiques ont été réalisées. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de conclure que le retrait du sérum à partir de la culture à l'interface air-liquide ne cause aucun problème majeur au niveau de la différenciation épidermique, de la jonction dermo-épidermique, du derme et de la perméabilité des substituts. De plus, des analyses par spectroscopic infrarouge à transformée de Fourier ont permis d'observer que le retrait du sérum améliore même l'organisation lipidique pour trois des cinq populations cellulaires testées. Parallèlement à cette étude, des substituts psoriasiques ont été produits à partir de cellules psoriasiques dans le but de vérifier si ces derniers allaient permettre la conservation de ce phénotype en culture. Des analyses histologiques et immunohistochimiques ont été effectuées et ont permis d'observer que le phénotype psoriasique (hyperprolifération et différenciation anormale des kératinocytes) est en partie conservé dans les substituts pathologiques. De plus, lors d'un traitement à l'acide rétinoïque, ceux-ci réagissent de façon similaire à ce qui est observé dans les peaux psoriasiques in vivo. Finalement, des substituts produits à partir de cellules non lésionnelles ont été reconstruits pour vérifier s'il existait une différence entre les cellules lésionnelles et non lésionnelles d'un même patient. Les résultats ont permis d'observer que les cellules non lésionnelles ne sont pas totalement «normales» et qu'elles conservent en partie les caractéristiques du psoriasis. En conclusion, ce nouveau modèle de substituts cutanés pathologiques pourrait devenir un puissant outil dermopharmaceutique permettant de tester de nouveaux traitements pour vaincre le psoriasis.
Goyer, Benjamin. "Substitut cutané produit par génie tissulaire : aspects reliés à l'allogénicité, la pigmentation et l'élastine." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31463.
Full textVast deep burns injuries are, by far, the worst trauma that a human being can experience. The time necessary for the coverage of thermal wounds with bandages, especially of a biological nature (e.g. cadaveric skin), at first temporary, and then permanently, influences the survival rate of patients. Over the years, numerous technologies were used to cover the skin wounds. Among them, we note split- and full-thickness skin grafts from a spared donor site, as well as cultured epithelial autografts (CEAs) and synthetic substitutes. However, these technologies showed some issues as the bioavailability of donor tissue or mechanical properties or biological activities. Indeed, it is the cellular and the extracellular matrix component that have a direct impact on the wound healing and on the longterm graft survival rate. In this way, new biologically active skin substitutes were developed. The most promising reconstructed skins to date are composed of an autologous epidermis associated with an extracellular matrix either allogeneic or xenogeneic or biosynthetic. However, the majority of these substitutes could only be used as temporary because of their immune inflammatory risk resulting from the presence of allogeneic or xenogeneic cells. Tissue-engineered technologies can be split in two approaches, either "Top-Down" or "Bottom-up". The most current as well as the most represented technology today is the "Top-Down" approach. Substitutes produced by this approach are based on structured artificial matrices developed via the major classes of biomaterials including (1) blood’s biopolymers such as fibrin, and components of the soft tissue such as collagen or fibronectin and (2) polysaccharides, as alginates, chitosan and glycosaminoglycan, including the hyaluronan. Alternatively, the "bottom-up" approach is based on the fibroblast’s capacity to synthesize and assemble their own extracellular matrix. In this field, the Laboratory of Organogenesis Experimental (LOEX) is a pioneer in a method of production of skin substitute called the "self-assembly" method. This method is based on the capacity of ascorbic acid to promote the extracellular matrix assembly secreted by fibroblasts. However, the histology and mechanical properties of these tissue-engineered skin substitutes, which are similar to native skin, (1) are quite long to produce, essentially because of the extracellular matrix assembly which takes twothird of the time of the whole production (2) lack of photoprotection, since pigment-producing cells called melanocytes are not added in the standard production and (3) the elastic fiber network, essential to insure their mechanical properties, is rudimentary. To address the identified problems, we designed a faster way to produce pigmented skin substitutes, integrating an elastic fiber network by tissue engineering according to the “self-assembly” method. To do so, we investigated the possibility of using an allogeneic reconstructed dermis associated with a syngeneic epidermis. This new method would allow eliminating two-third of the production time of the dermal part initially requested in the “on demand” production that was initially 100 % autologous. Estheticism and its functionality were evaluated by the addition of various densities of melanocytes during the epidermis reconstruction. Finally, at the same time, we addressed the weak presence of the elastic fiber network in our reconstructed skin. Indeed, we modified our production method to stimulate the elastogenesis process. More specifically, aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid hormone, and its competitive inhibitor, spironolactone, were added in the culture media during the skin substitute production in order to stimulate the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) pathway and so the elastogenesis process. To conclude, my PhD project allowed to highlight: (1) the immunological tolerance of the allogeneic dermis with a long-term survival of their cellular components over the eight-week period, investigated in an immunocompetent murine model ; (2) that a minimal threshold of 200 melanocytes per mm2 in the epidermis reconstruction had the capacity to lead a homogeneous pigmentation after the transplant, as well as a photoprotection comparable to a 1500 melanocytes per mm2 density ; (3) that the addition of aldosterone and spironolactone increased the number of elastic fibers in our skin substitutes and improved the mechanical properties by the decrease of the shrinkage and the increase of the elasticity. Furthermore, the addition of melanocyte also increased the mechanical properties of the skin substitute. This positive impact on elastogenesis by melanocytes is poorly understood.
Tinois, Estelle. "Contribution au développement et à la validation de modèles d'épidermes de culture et de peaux équivalentes : croissance, différenciation et application aux greffes cutanées." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1T019.
Full textBeaudoin-Cloutier, Chanel. "Développement préclinique d'une méthode plus rapide de production par génie tissulaire d'un substitut cutané bilamellaire autologue." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27553.
Full textIntroduction: The Laboratoire d’Organogenèse Expérimentale (LOEX) has developed a unique production technique of self-assembled autologous skin substitute (SASS). This method allows the generation of permanent skin equivalents that display a structure and a function similar to normal human skin. Problematic and objectives: This thesis presents the first results of SASS clinical use in the treatment of chronic complex wounds to demonstrate the clinical efficacy and safety. The need to develop a faster production method in order to improve burn patient prognosis is also outlined. Indeed, the delay before definitive skin coverage to insure proper thermoregulation and protection from the external environment is directly associated to the vital and morbid prognosis of this population of severely traumatised patients. The current eight weeks SASS production delay must be reduced in order to further improve burn patients quality of care and survival. Method: This work describes the development and refinement of a faster production method for SASS using decellularized dermal matrices (SASS-DM) that generated skin substitutes produced in only 4 weeks and a half. These faster produced skin substitutes where compared in vitro to the standard SASS in regard to the histological characteristics, cellular differentiation and the presence of a functional basement membrane. The faster produced SASS-DM were then compared in vivo to standard SASS by following the evolution of grafted mice in order to complete a preclinical trial of this innovative technique. Results: The faster production method for the autologous self-assembled bilayered skin substitutes was shown to be equivalent to the standard production method in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: This work presents the clinical use of bilayered skin substitutes for the treatment of chronic venous ulcers, which was shown to be efficient as well as safe. Afterwards, the preclinical development of a new faster production method of autologous bilayered self-assembled skin substitutes is presented, allowing the culture of skin grafts in four weeks and a half instead of the previous 8 weeks long protocol, with equivalent quality and characteristics as the standard cultured skins. This innovation represents a major adjunct to severely burned patients treatments and could possibly change their surgical planning and their survival.
Duque, Fernandez Alexandra. "Validation d'un modèle de substituts cutanés pathologiques pour des études dermopharmacologiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25576/25576.pdf.
Full textCulard, Jean-François. "Etude des annexines de l'épiderme humain normal et reconstruit in vitro." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11160.
Full textBourland, Jennifer. "Développement de peaux reconstruites microvascularisées et application à l'étude du mélanome in vitro." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67928.
Full textClinical translation of new oncology compounds can fail at different stages, including the translation from animal to human studies. To improve the predictability of preclinical testing, new in vitro human models mimicking the tumor microenvironment are needed. In skin melanoma, blood and lymphatic capillaries are key features of tumor progression, as well as immune cells. We hypothesize that it is possible to microvascularize skin substitutes with both blood and lymphatic capillaries in order to use these tissues to model and study melanoma in vitro. Our self-assembled model was produced using primary human fibroblasts, microvascular endothelial cells and keratinocytes. Two subtypes of capillary networks were present in the reconstructed skin as observed after labeling on cryosections and whole mount samples. Their morphology differs, and they were characterized by immunostaining against CD31 (pan-endothelial) and podoplanin (lymphatic endothelial cells). The ability of endothelial cells from newborn or adult to form networks was assessed. It was also confirmed that the keratinocytes can affect the capillary networks, formed by blood and lymphatic endothelial cells. The microvascularized reconstructed skin allowed to study melanoma in a human microenvironment in vitro. The melanoma model was produced by adding melanoma spheroids to the skin substitutes (with 6 melanoma cell lines). After tumor incorporation in the 3D model, it was treated chronically (12 days) with vemurafenib and displayed a dose-dependent response (significant decrease of proliferation and increase of apoptosis). The last step was to incorporate human primary blood-derived immune cells in the tumor and in the surrounding skin, leading to the presence for example monocytes/macrophages (CD14+, CD163+), CD8+ lymphocytes and HLA-DR+ cells. The different tissues were stimulated with LPS, leading to a modification of immune cell subpopulations in the model (with 4 different donors and 2 melanoma cell lines). This human melanoma model which responds to a known therapy and can include an immune component is a promising tool to study melanoma and to test new therapeutic compounds, including immunotherapies.
Chaib, Yanis. "Mise au point par génie tissulaire d'un modèle de peau contenant des cellules immunitaires d'origine dermique : application à la cicatrisation cutanée." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69023.
Full textIn vitro three-dimensional human skin models provide a tool to investigate biological or pathological processes and to test drug effect or toxicity. In vitro models usually lack an immune system and vasculature, both characteristics of the human skin. We developed a skin model composed of cells from the same donor (autologous) and containing immune cells and endothelial cells. Based on the self-assembly method developed at the LOEX, dermal fibroblasts were first cultured during four weeks in a medium stimulating the production of an extracellular matrix. The result of this culture is a fibroblast sheet used for the development of our model. A dermal fraction enzymatically extracted from a human dermis was seeded onto a first sheet while the keratinocytes were seeded on a second one. The dermal fraction contained all the dermal cells from a donor. The two sheets were then superimposed and raised at the air-liquid interface during two weeks to stimulate epidermis differentiation. Histological studies of the 3D skin model highlighted a stratified epidermis on a dermis composed of matrix and cells. Immunofluorescence staining showed viable CD45+ immune cells and a CD31+ capillary network in the dermis. A wound was then produced at the center of the model and histological studies highlighted the migration of the epidermal and dermal cells into the wound. The creation of this first autologous 3D model containing immune cells paves the way to increase knowledge about skin homeostasis and the role of immune cells in the wound healing process.
Demidem, Aïcha. "Interactions lympho-épidermiques chez l'homme : applications aux épidermes de culture utilisés comme allogreffes." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO1T090.
Full textMuller, Quentin. "Développement par génie tissulaire d'un modèle de peau humaine innervée, vascularisée et immunocompétente pour l'étude des réactions inflammatoires cutanées." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33983.
Full textLes réactions immunitaires de la peau sont initiées par les cellules dendritiques cutanées (dendritic cells, DCs). L'effet potentiellement sensibilisateur d'un composé peut être prédit in vitro en utilisant des monocytes humains différenciés en DCs (MonoDCs). Cependant, ces modèles simplistes restent imprécis car l'activation des DCs cutanés par les sensibilisateurs peut être déclenchée ou modulée par des interactions microenvironnementales avec de multiples types de cellules non immunitaires. Notre objectif est de développer une peau immunocompétente qui combinera des MonoDCs avec tous les éléments structurels et fonctionnels de la peau, c'est-à-dire une barrière épidermique posée sur un derme contenant une pseudo-vascularisation et des neurones nociceptifs. Une matrice de collagène a été ensemencée avec des fibroblastes et des cellules endothéliales, puis avec des précurseurs de fibres nerveuses dérivées soit de l'iPSC humaine, soit de la DRG embryonnaire murins. Enfin, nous avons introduit les MonoDC et les kératinocytes. Nous avons observé que les neurones différenciés in situ innervent l'épiderme comme observé habituellement dans la peau humaine normale. De plus, les neurones dérivées d’iPSCs, expriment neuropeptides et canaux calcique spécifiques des fibres nociceptives. Enfin, les Mono-DC intégrés au modèle restent stable pendant toute la durée nécessaire à la formation de l’épiderme et peuvent être stimulé. Le modèle sera utilisé pour prédire le potentiel irritant des composés chimiques et l'impact de l’innervation nociceptive sur l'activation des DCs.
Immune reactions in the skin are initiated by the cutaneous dendritic cells (DCs). The potential sensitizing effect of a compound can be predicted in vitro using human monocytes differentiated into DCs (Mono-DCs). However, these simplistic models remain inaccurate because the activation of cutaneous DCs by sensitizers may be triggered or modulated by microenvironmental interactions with multiple types of nonimmune cells. Our goal is to develop an immunocompetent human tissue-engineered skin that will combine DCs with all structural and functional element of the skin, i.e. an epidermal barrier laid upon a dermis containing a pseudo-vascularization and nociceptive neurons. Collagen matrix was seeded with fibroblasts and endothelial cells, then with precursors of nerve fibers derived from either human iPSC or murine embryonic DRG. Finally, we introduced Mono-DCs and keratinocytes. We observed that in situ differentiated neurons grow axons towards the epidermis as usually observed in normal human skin. What's more, the neurons derive from iPSC, express neuropeptides and calcium channel as normal nociceptive fibers. Moreover, Mono-DCs settled as expected beneath the epidermis and remained sessile to stimulation for several weeks. The model will be used to predict the irritant potential of chemical compounds, and the impact of nerves on DC activation.
Li, Li. "Vieillissement de la peau : approches biométrologique (topographie et microcirculation) et biologique (biologie du fibroblaste dermique in vitro)." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA3009.
Full textSkin ageing is mainly characterized by the deterioration of the cutaneous texture and the formation of wrinkles. Ln this work, the evolution of the microrelief and the wrinkles have been studied using methods of descriptive, photographic scales and projection of fringes. The results show that the earliest and most marked wrinkles are those of the crow's feet as a result of the local muscles repeated movements. They are more marked in the Caucasian population compared with the Chinese population, and in the population of the South compared with the North (effect of UV). Besides, the dermal structure, the proliferation and the metabolism of the fibroblasts of the wrinkle (elastin, collagens I/III, capacity of retraction) were studied by immuno-histological colorings, the technique of monolayer and tri-dimensional culture modal. These investigations in the mechanisms of cutaneous ageing help to design better strategies in dermato-cosmetology treatments
Gauthier, Lydia. "Effets du sérum lors de la culture de substituts cutanés sains et psoriasiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27350/27350.pdf.
Full textGendreau, Isabelle. "Études dermopharmacologiques d'une nouvelle molécule destinée au traitement du psoriasis grâce à l'utilisation d'un modèle de substitut cutané pathologique optimisé." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27545.
Full textPsoriasis is a serious cutaneous disease for which there is currently no cure. In vitro psoriatic skin models could become new tools to assess the potency of new drugs during the development of new therapies. First, this study aimed to optimize the production of psoriatic skin substitutes by the self-assembly method, and then use them to assess the effectiveness of a new potentially antipsoriatic molecule, tBEU. Initially, healthy and psoriatic substitutes have been produced by the self-assembly method partially modified, using 6-well and 12-well plates. These experiments demonstrated that the 6-well plates were more effective for the production of reproducible substitutes and representative of psoriatic skin in vivo than the 12-well plates. Then, these substitutes were treated with tBEU, showing that this molecule decreases significantly keratinocytes proliferation and improves their differentiation. Thus, tBEU may eventually be used as an effective topical treatment for psoriasis.
Gérard, Baudry. "Mise au point d'une méthode de culture de cellules épidermiques humaines dans le cadre des méthodes alternatives." Nantes, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NANT091P.
Full textGentilhomme, Edgar. "Épidermes de culture utilisés pour les évaluations toxicologiques d'une toxine et d'un composé chimique." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1T034.
Full textEl, Hessni Aboubaker. "Liaison et action de l'hormone parathyroïdienne sur les fibroblastes cutanés de sujets sensibles et résistants à cette hormone : effet des glucocorticoïdes." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112351.
Full textCoulomb, Bernard. "Reconstruction in vitro d'une peau humaine vivante : modèle d'étude de la physiologie, de la physiopathologie et de la pharmacologie cutanée : applications thérapeutiques." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112022.
Full textBessou, Sandrine. "Épiderme reconstitué ex-vivo avec des mélanocytes : validation d'un nouveau modèle d'étude de la pigmentation." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR28460.
Full textLarouche, Danielle. "Caractérisation des cellules souches présentes dans les follicules pileux et analyse de leur potentiel de différenciation in vivo et in vitro à l'aide de peaux reconstruites par génie tissulaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/23273/23273.pdf.
Full textGranier, Luc-André. "L' étude des acides gras et des espèces moléculaires des phospholipides membranaires peut-elle contribuer à la compréhension des mécanismes conduisant à l'accumulation des lipopigments autofluorescents et à la mort neuronale dans la lipofuscinose ceroi͏̈de neuronale ?" Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13221.
Full textGagnon, Vicky. "Étude des interactions entre les nerfs sensoriels et les follicules pileux dans un modèle in vitro de peau reconstruite par génie tissulaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22895/22895.pdf.
Full textBernard, Geneviève. "Étude de substituts et de lipides cutanés par spectroscopie RMN à l'état solide, infrarouge et Raman." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19476.
Full textBraye, Fabienne. "Les substituts cutanés reconstruits en laboratoire : de l'étude in vitro aux applications cliniques." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO1T040.
Full textRoux, Hélène. "Optimisation d'un test in vitro de la cytocompatibilité des biomatériaux en culture organotypique." Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMPD567.
Full textCurt, Sèverine. "Les protéines de soya, une voie d'avenir pour la régénération tissulaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19898.
Full textBoa, Olivier. "Analyse in vivo du remodelage à long terme de la peau reconstruite endothélialisée et de son réseau vasculaire et étude in vitro de la pseudo-vasculogénèse lors du développement tumoral au sein de la peau reconstruite endothélialisée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24705/24705.pdf.
Full textLeccia, Marie-Thérèse. "Influence des protéines antioxydantes (constitutives et induites) sur les dégats oxydatifs générés par le rayonnement ultraviolet A dans les cellules cutanées en culture." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE19009.
Full textCuffley, Kristine. "Développement par génie tissulaire d'un modèle d'étude in vitro des voies de signalisation des cellules souches du follicule pileux." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/23211/23211.pdf.
Full textGingras, Marie. "Application du génie tissulaire à l'étude du système nerveux périphérique sensoriel et moteur." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24182/24182.pdf.
Full textCouteaudier, Mathilde. "Réplication, dissémination et morphogénèse du virus de la maladie de Marek en cellules différenciées vers le lignage peau." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR4018/document.
Full textMarek's disease (MD) is a highly contagious virus-induced lymphoma in chicken, caused by an alphaherpesvirus named Marek’s disease virus (MDV). The skin and especially, the feather follicle is the only tissue known to produce infectious cell-free virions and is responsible for the shedding of MDV into the environment and transmission between birds. However, no cell culture system actually reproduces this process ex vivo. Herein my thesis aim was to develop new culture systems to reproduce the efficient MDV replication, morphogenesis and shedding from the feather follicle. For that, I developed two systems, skin explants derived from embryos cultivated ex vivo and keratinocytes obtained by differentiation of chicken embryonic stem cells. I also showed that these two models were permissive to MDV infection and I studied in each one MDV replication and morphogenesis. These models will allow the search of viral and cellular determinants involved in the production of extracellular virions and shedding
Muller, Quentin Philippe Sylvain. "Développement par génie tissulaire d’un modèle de peau humaine innervée, vascularisée et immunocompétente pour l’étude des réactions inflammatoires cutanées." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ061.
Full textImmune reactions in the skin are initiated by the cutaneous dendritic cells (DCs). The potential sensitizing effect of a compound can be predicted in vitro using human monocytes differentiated into DCs (Mono-DCs). However, these simplistic models remain inaccurate because the activation of cutaneous DCs by sensitizers may be triggered or modulated by microenvironmental interactions with multiple types of non-immune cells. Our goal is to develop an immunocompetent human tissue-engineered skin that will combine DCs with all structural and functional element of the skin, i.e. an epidermal barrier laid upon a dermis containing a pseudo-vascularization and nociceptive neurons. Collagen matrix was seeded with fibroblasts and endothelial cells, then with precursors of nerve fibers derived from either human iPSC or murine embryonic DRG. Finally, we introduced Mono-DCs and keratinocytes. We observed that in situ differentiated neurons grow axons towards the epidermis as usually observed in normal human skin. What's more, the neurons derive from iPSC, express neuropeptides and calcium channel as normal nociceptive fibers. Moreover, Mono-DCs settled as expected beneath the epidermis and remained sessile to stimulation for several weeks. The model will be used to predict the irritant potential of chemical compounds, and the impact of nerves on DC activation
Nguyen, Hoang Truc Phuong. "Formulation de nanosystèmes et évaluation de leur potentiel pour la délivrance cutanée de molécules actives." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR3806/document.
Full textTwo types of core-shell nanosystems have been evaluated for dermatological and cosmetic applications. Lipid nanocapsules (LNC) are obtained by a method that has already been described in the literature. Their composition is adapted for incorporation of a specific cosmetic ingredient. Alginate nanocapsules (ANC) are developed with the aid of experimental design. They consist of a triglyceride core with a rigid calcium alginate shell obtained by ionic gelation of the surface of a nanoemulsion. By incorporating fluorophores into these nanosystems, they can be studied by advanced spectral fluorescence imaging methods. We were thus able to show that ANC are first internalized into keratinocytes by endocytosis, and once inside the cells, their contents are rapidly released into the cytoplasm. A study of different ex vivo skin model systems has shown that both nanosystems enable active substances to reach the living epidermis. When incorporated into gels similar to those used as galenic forms for topical administration, LNC and ANC remain stable for months. They can thus be used as vectors for delivering active substances to the skin
Jouishomme, Hervé. "Culture de lymphocytes et de monocytes humains en milieu défini." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1T091.
Full textGsib, Olfat. "Synthèse et caractérisation d’hydrogels de fibrine et de polyéthylène glycol pour l’ingénierie tissulaire cutanée." Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2416.
Full textOver the past five decades, we assisted in extraordinary advances in the field of skin tissue engineering which led to the in vitro reconstruction of a wide range of skin substitutes. Most of them are dermal substitutes: Their clinical application ranges from treating acute and chronic wounds to soft tissue augmentation. Although increasing numbers of patients have been treated with dermal substitutes, their clinical application has been limited by their substantial cost and some poor healing outcomes. Hence, there is still a challenge to produce a dermal substitute which enhance sufficiently wound healing. To this end, the substitute should exhibit suitable properties for enabling the repair process. Other requirements such as excellent biocompatibility, minimal antigenicity, ease to handle and cost-effective production are also essential. In this context, fibrin hydrogels constitute promising candidates for skin tissue engineering since fibrin fibers form a physiological and provisional backbone during wound healing. However, the poor mechanical properties of fibrin-based hydrogels at physiological concentration are an obstacle to their use. In this study, our aim was to design and characterize mechanically reinforced fibrin-based hydrogels by combining the intrinsic properties of a fibrin network with the mechanical features of a polyethylene glycol network using an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) architecture. They are intended to be used as dermal scaffolds. The results obtained in this thesis: - Confirmed the suitable physico-chemical properties of IPN, first developed by our partner of the University of Cergy-Pontoise. - Validated their biocompatibility using a three-step approach (in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo assays). - Led to the synthesis and characterization of a new type of fibrin-based macroporous matrices, optimized for 3D dermal fibroblast culture
Robert, Fabienne. "Aspects ultrastructuraux et neurochimiques des astrocytes et des neurones en culture : influence des antibiotiques." Orléans, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ORLE2034.
Full textSaleil, Véronique. "Développement "in vitro" des apex isolés à partir de deux espèces d'igname, Dioscorea alata et Dioscorea trifida." Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20091.
Full textEl, Kouhen Rachid. "Colicine N et porine OmpF, un dialogue dynamique." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX11035.
Full textLe, Marrec-Croq Françoise. "Etablissement de cultures primaires de cellules de bivalves marins." Brest, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BRES2031.
Full textEsclatine, Audrey. "Interactions du cytomegalovirus humain avec des cellules épithéliales intestinales en culture." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA114814.
Full textMassart, Catherine. "Culture de thyrocytes humains en monocouches et en follicules : Aspects fondamentaux et appliqués." Rennes 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN1B003.
Full textChabert, Philippe. "Production d'anticorps monoclonaux par culture cellulaire : applications industrielles." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10128.
Full textLe, Bel Gaëtan. "Impact d'une couche nourricière humaine et du temps post-mortem sur la culture de cellules cornéennes humaines." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/70367.
Full textBecause of the worldwide shortage of graftable corneas used to treat corneal pathlogies, alternatives to restore visual impairments, such as the production of a human cornea tissues by tissue engineering, have been considered. To treat injuries affecting the corneal epithelium, such as limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), the corneal equivalent must have an epithelium able to self-renewal allowing healing of the patient's corneal epithelium after the transplantation. To culture human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) in vitro, the use of a feeder layer is necessary so as to maintain the subpopulation of corneal stem cells, which is essential for the proper proliferation of these cells. Therefore, the culture conditions must allow the maintenance of the stem phenotype of these cells, while promoting their proliferation and delaying their terminal differentiation. Other parameters, such as the post-mortem interval of the corneal tissue from which the cultured HCECs are derived, can influence the success of the culture. It is therefore important to characterize the cultures of HCECs in order to optimize the success of a transplant, namely, when these cells are transplanted in order to regenerate the injured corneal epithelium of a patient. The work presented in this thesis demonstrates that the co-culture of HCECs with a murine feeder layer resulted in a significant increase in the expression and the binding to DNA of NFI. This was shown to be caused by strong expression of the NFI-B isoform with increased stability due to hyper-glycosylation. The preservation of the NFI-B isoform with cellular passages was correlated with a faster differentiation of the HCECs in culture. This work also shows that the effect of this murine feeder layer on the expression levels and the DNA binding capacity of the transcription factors Sp1 and NFI was confirmed in another cell type. Indeed, the co-culture of human corneal endothelial cells with the murine feeder layer also caused a significant increase in the expression and binding to DNA of NFI. In this study, this was associated with an improvement in the morphology of human corneal endothelial cells. This work also showed that post-mortem interval could have a negative influence on the proliferation of HCECs and on the maintenance of stem cells during monolayer cultures. When the same cell populations were used to reconstruct a human cornea with tissue engineering, the healing capacity of the reconstructed corneal epithelia was decreased by the increase in post-mortem interval. This was notably validated by a study of the transcriptome of these cell populations by DNA microarray. It has also been shown that a graft reconstructed with HCECs co-cultivated with human feeder layer has enabled to heal the corneal surface an eye with LSCD. These different results highlight that the use of a human feeder layer for culture, associated with a short post-mortem interval of the donor tissues, is to be favoured in order to promote a good in vitro proliferation of HCECs cultivated in monolayer.
Djigo, Aïcha Dede. "Caractérisation de substituts choroïdiens reconstruits par génie tissulaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28145.
Full textLa choroïde est une couche richement vascularisée assurant la nutrition des photorécepteurs. Les échanges avec ces derniers sont contrôlés par l’épithélium pigmentaire rétinien (EPR), la couche externe de la rétine reposant sur la choroïde. La perte de l’intégrité de l’étroite interaction entre l’EPR et la choroïde est à l’origine de la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l’âge (DMLA), l’une des principales causes de cécité dans le monde. C’est une maladie complexe qui implique autant des facteurs de risque génétiques qu’environnementaux. Dans cette étude, nous avons reconstruit un stroma choroïdien par génie tissulaire qui servirait à étudier les interactions cellules choroïdiennes - cellules choroïdiennes et/ou cellules choroïdiennes - cellules de l’EPR. Il pourrait aussi servir comme tissu de remplacement lors d’une greffe, un traitement prometteur pour la DMLA. Nous avons d’abord isolé l’EPR et les cellules choroïdiennes à partir de globes de donneurs décédés. Puis, en utilisant la méthode d’auto-assemblage du génie tissulaire, les fibroblastes de la choroïde ont déposé des fibrilles de collagène pour former un feuillet de matrice extracellulaire dont la composition et les propriétés biomécaniques ont ensuite été caractérisées. Les analyses par spectrométrie de masse, immunomarquages, microscopie électronique à balayage et colorations histologiques ont démontré que la composition matricielle des stromas choroïdiens reconstruits (SCR) était semblable au tissu natif. Leurs propriétés biomécaniques ressemblaient également à celles de la choroïde native selon les mesures comparatives d’élasticité, de déformation et de résistance à la traction. Nous avons finalement ensemencé de l’EPR, des cellules endothéliales et des mélanocytes choroïdiens sur/dans les SCR. Ces cellules se sont bien intégrées sur ces derniers et ont adopté une morphologie et un aspect histologique retrouvés in vivo. Nos substituts choroïdiens miment donc les propriétés structurales du microenvironnement dans lequel résident les cellules choroïdiennes de même que plusieurs de ses caractéristiques fonctionnelles.
The choroid is a richly vascularized layer supplying oxygen and nutrients to the photoreceptors. The exchanges are regulated by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), the outermost layer of the retina that lies between the neural retina and the choroid. The loss of the normal interaction between the RPE and the choroid is central to the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. AMD is a complex disease involving both genetic and environmental risk factors. In this study, we have engineered a choroidal substitute which could be used in order to study choroidal cells - choroidal cells and/or choroidal cells - RPE interactions as well as serve as replacement tissues in a graft, a promising treatment for AMD. We first isolated RPE and choroidal cells from deceased donor eyes. Then, using the self-assembly approach of tissue engineering, choroidal fibroblasts accumulated collagen fibrils that produced sheets of extracellular matrix whose composition and biomechanical properties were characterized next. Several analyses, such as mass spectrometry, immunostainings, scanning electron microscopy and histological stainings, revealed that the extracellular matrix composition of the tissue-engineered (TE) choroidal stromas was similar to the native tissue. Furthermore, their biomechanical properties were akin to those of the native choroid according to the comparative measurements of elasticity, strain and ultimate tensile strength. Finally, RPE, endothelial cells and choroidal melanocytes were seeded onto the TE choroidal stromas. The cells repopulated the stroma and adopted a morphology and a histological appearance similar to in vivo. Our choroidal substitutes thus recaptured the structural properties of the microenvironment in which choroidal cells reside as well as several of its functional characteristics.
Baut, François. "Caractérisation de milieux cellulaires par fluorescence." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL117N.
Full textBoucher, Éric. "Effets d'un dextran substitué sur la production de feuillets dermiques et du gel de fibrine sur la qualité des feuillets d'épidermes cultivés." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22531/22531.pdf.
Full textFossoyeux-Comte, Emmanuelle. "Culture de preadipocytes : méthodologie et intérêt." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR2P112.
Full textMateos, Diaz Juan Carlos. "Nouveaux outils pour la biocatalyse : criblage, purification et caractérisation de lipases issues de champignons thermophiles." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/NNT.pdf.
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