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Academic literature on the topic 'Peau – Régénération (biologie)'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Peau – Régénération (biologie)"
Guillier, David. "Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSC) : extraction, caractérisation et potentiel d’utilisation en régénération nerveuse, osseuse et cutanée." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCE028.
Full textHuman adipose tissue is a truly dynamic organ with an increasing interest in surgery. Its subcutaneous component, dense in adipocytes, is composed of a stroma rich in mesenchymal stem cells. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can be isolated from this stroma after enzymatic digestion in the laboratory, or mechanically (mechanical emulsification and nanofat), making them immediately available at the operating room. Moreover, t ADSCs pluripotency makes them a major asset for use in regenerative medicine.Plastic and reconstructive surgery is required to repair defects that can affect peripheral nerve, bone and skin tissue. Liposuction, a surgical procedure performed daily at the operating room, offers the possibility of using liposuction from subcutaneous adipose tissue, which is potentially rich in ADSCs. So, after carrying out a literature review listing 51 phenotypic markers since 2006, 5 different markers stood out since the latest 2019 recommendations: CD34-, CD45-, CD73+, CD90+and CD105+. We therefore took up this new strategy in a cohort of 21 patients by analyzing the cellularity of Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) in ADSC according to technique, age, sex, location and body mass index. Cell culture was then used to confirm ADSC functionality by comparing IL-6 and TNF-a production in 4 sub-populations derived from lipoaspirates. Phenotypic variations secondary to cell amplification were observed. The next objective was to use the pluripotency of ADSCs in 3 indications: neurogenic, osteogenic and cutaneous differentiation.The neurogenic potential of ADSCs contained in mechanically isolated SVF (nanofat) was studied in nerve regrowth. A rat sciatic nerve defect was reconstructed using a chitosan neurotube, with or without the addition of ADSCs. The favorable environment for nerve regrowth mediated by the addition of nanofat was assessed by histological and immunohistochemical analyses (PGP9.5 and S100 protein).Osteoblastic differentiation was then studied after 3D cell culture of ADSCs on commercially available bone matrix. Production of hydroxyapatite and osteocalcin supported evidence of osteogenic differentiation.Finally, we developed an ex vivo model of isolated and perfused human skin viable for 5 days, to support future studies between ADSCs and dermal matrix equivalent. A review of the literature looked at the biomechanical characterizations of such electrospun biomaterials as skin substitutes
Blais, Mathieu. "Influence des facteurs neurotrophiques et des fibres nerveuses dans la peau reconstruite par génie tissulaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29969/29969.pdf.
Full textThe skin is an organ densely innervated and vascularized. The establishment of the cutaneous nervous system depends on the secretion of neurotrophic factors by the skin. Meanwhile, the establishment of the vascular network also depends on soluble instructive cues. The work presented in this thesis describes new paracrine interactions. While interactions from skin to sensory neurons for the development of innervation and interactions from sensory neurons to blood vessel for vasodilation of the vasculature are described elsewhere, we demonstrate here the influence of neurotrophic factors on the vascular network and the influence of sensory neurons on the reepithelialization of wounds. Our overall goal was to clarify the influence of the neurotrophic and nervous contexts on the homeostasis of the skin. First, we hypothesized that in addition to their neuronal contribution, neurotrophic factors also influence the vascular network. We show that NGF, BDNF, NT-3 and GDNF are expressed in the epidermis, while NGF and NT-3 are expressed by fibroblasts and BDNF by endothelial cells. Finally, Schwann cells produce NGF, BDNF and GDNF. We show that these peptides are very potent angiogenic factors using a model of human endothelialized reconstructed dermis by tissue engineering. An increase of 40 to 80% of the number of capillary-like tubes was observed after the addition of 10 ng/ml NGF, 0.1 ng/ml of BDNF, 15 ng/ml of NT-3, and 50 ng/ml of GDNF. This angiogenic effect depends on the neurotrophic factor receptor TrkA, TrkB, GFRa-1 and c-ret that are all expressed by human endothelial cells. This effect was blocked by adding the Trk inhibitor K252a for NGF, BDNF and NT-3. Second, we hypothesized that sensory neurons directly influence reepithelialization by secreting the neuropeptide substance P. To verify this, we developed a new model of reepithelialization. It consists of a perforated epidermal equivalent expressing a green fluorescent protein stacked on a dermal equivalent that is used as a bed for reepithelialization. The reconstructed skin is endothelialized and innervated or not with sensory neurons of mouse. Sensory neurons produce substance P in the model and keratinocytes express the NK1 cell receptor for substance P. Keratinocyte migration was quantified by fluorescence. Reepithelialization was faster in presence of sensory neurons and we show that substance P contributes to this effect with agonist and antagonist of the NK1 cell receptor. The overall results provide a better understanding of the importance of the neurotrophic and sensory contexts in the skin. Thus, cutaneous innervation does not only contribute to the sensory detection. Our findings may suggest that improving nerve regeneration would improve skin long term tissue homeostasis.
Curt, Sèverine. "Les protéines de soya, une voie d'avenir pour la régénération tissulaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19898.
Full textGingras, Marie. "Application du génie tissulaire à l'étude du système nerveux périphérique sensoriel et moteur." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24182/24182.pdf.
Full textJordao, Zélzima Amélia. "Preuve de concept de l'utilisation d'un scaffold résorbable obtenu par impression 3D pour la reconstruction de l'hypoderme." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILS019.
Full textNowadays, patients who have had the entire thickness of their skin destroyed, including the hypodermis, have access to clinical solutions with a number of limitations. At present, lipofilling is the main solution for hypodermis reconstruction, thanks to the wide availability of autologous adipose tissue and its ability to fill large volumes. However, the resorption rate is 80-90% due to the absence of vascularization. Tissue engineering can be an effective tool for developing a promising solution to improve the efficacy of lipofilling. The aim of this thesis is to develop a 3D-printed porous and resorbable scaffold to support vascular and adipose tissue regeneration. Synthetic bioresorbable polymers offer numerous advantages, such as ease of processing and adaptability (structure, properties, behavior, etc.), making them suitable for hypodermis repair. What's more, their combination with 3D printing makes it possible to create porous structures adapted to adipose tissue. Studies were carried out in 3 axes: choice of material, design and pre clinical validation. In vitro studies with PLCL and PDO showed that PLCL was more suitable for the development of the 3D scaffold. The SCO pattern was chosen for the design of the 3D scaffold, whose mechanical properties and porosity are compatible with soft tissue. Next, pre-clinical validation of the PLCL 3D scaffold, in the mouse model, proved that it can be used to improve survival and vascularization of adipose tissue