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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pecan – Arizona

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Academic literature on the topic 'Pecan – Arizona'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Pecan – Arizona"

1

Pond, Andrew P., James L. Walworth, Michael W. Kilby, Richard D. Gibson, Robert E. Call, and Humberto Núñez. "Leaf Nutrient Levels for Pecans." HortScience 41, no. 5 (August 2006): 1339–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.5.1339.

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Measurement of nutrients in leaf tissue is a practical method of monitoring the nutritional status of perennial crops such as pecan (Carya illinoinensis, Wang. C. Koch). Accurate interpretations require known standard concentrations for the crop and region. To determine standard concentrations for pecans, focusing on those grown in the desert southwest, we conducted a survey of 135 `Western Schley' pecan trees in Arizona for 2 years. Leaf nutrient concentrations and yield were collected for each tree. Leaf nutrient concentrations from the highest yielding trees (50th yield percentile) were used to calculate a mean and CV for each nutrient. Results were compared with data from New Mexico, Georgia, and Sonora, Mexico. Relatively large differences were noted in mean K, Ca, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn levels. Nutrient interpretation ranges were calculated based on Arizona population statistics using the balance index method.

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2

Herrera, Esteban A. "Pecan Growing in the Western United States." HortTechnology 5, no. 3 (July 1995): 200–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.5.3.200.

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Almost 58,000 acres of pecans [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] are planted in the western United States, which includes western Texas and southern areas of New Mexico, Arizona, and California. `Western Schley' is the main cultivar planted, with `Wichita' trees used as pollenizers. All orchards are flood-irrigated and almost no diseases are present. The pecan aphid complex is the predominant insect problem; however, orchard crowding is becoming a problem, and growers are thinning orchards and transplanting trees to new sites.

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3

Kaur, Amandeep, Louise Ferguson, Niels Maness, Becky Carroll, William Reid, and Lu Zhang. "Spring Freeze Damage of Pecan Bloom: A Review." Horticulturae 6, no. 4 (November 13, 2020): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae6040082.

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Pecan is native to the United States. The US is the world’s largest pecan producer with an average yearly production of 250 to 300 million pounds; 80 percent of the world’s supply. Georgia, New Mexico, Texas, Arizona, Oklahoma, California, Louisiana, and Florida are the major US pecan producing states. Pecan trees frequently suffer from spring freeze at bud break and bloom as the buds are quite sensitive to freeze damage. This leads to poor flower and nut production. This review focuses on the impact of spring freeze during bud differentiation and flower development. Spring freeze kills the primary terminal buds, the pecan tree has a second chance for growth and flowering through secondary buds. Unfortunately, secondary buds have less bloom potential than primary buds and nut yield is reduced. Spring freeze damage depends on severity of the freeze, bud growth stage, cultivar type and tree age, tree height and tree vigor. This review discusses the impact of temperature on structure and function of male and female reproductive organs. It also summarizes carbohydrate relations as another factor that may play an important role in spring growth and transition of primary and secondary buds to flowers.

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4

Peña, Jose G. "Pecan Production Trends: A Comparison of Production in the Southeastern and Southwestern United States." HortTechnology 5, no. 3 (July 1995): 202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.5.3.202.

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The United States pecan industry experienced dynamic production changes during the last 25 years. Production in Georgia, the leading state, experienced serious problems during the late 1980s and early 1990s as a result of orchard crowding, old orchards, high incidence of diseases, and other problems. During the same 25-year period, plantings and production shifted to the southwestern United States to new production centers in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California under a drier, more-favorable growing environment. Although the southeastern region continues to lead the nation in annual pecan production due to the high number and concentration of orchards with improved varieties, production in the southwestern region eventually may dominate the industry.

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5

Hilton, A. E., Y. K. Jo, K. Cervantes, R. A. Stamler, J. J. Randall, J. M. French, R. J. Heerema, et al. "First Report of Pecan Bacterial Leaf Scorch Caused by Xylella fastidiosa in Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) in Arizona, New Mexico, California, and Texas." Plant Disease 101, no. 11 (November 2017): 1949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-17-0298-pdn.

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6

Sistrunk, Laurence, Dan Chapman, and J. Benton Storey. "Temperature Effect on Nut Filling in Three Pecan Cultivars." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 604a—604. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.604a.

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The influence of temperatures during nut filling on nut size, kernel percentage, kernel color, percent oil, and fatty acid composition were evaluated over 3 years in `Cheyenne', `Mohawk', and `Pawnee' pecans [Carya illinoenensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch]. Nuts were harvested at shuck split at 14 sites located in Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, Arizona, and California and Coahuila, Mexico. Weather data for 12 weeks before shuck split at each site were used to determine degree days by the formula: degree days = summation n(m–t) where n = number of days, m = (max + min temperature) ÷2, and t = 10°C. The degree days ranged from 996 to 1675. The oleic: linoleic ratios in all three cultivars were positively correlated with degree days in 2 of 3 years. `Mohawk' nut size was positively correlated with degree days all 3 years and `Cheyenne' and `Pawnee' were larger 2 of 3 years in the warmer climates. `Pawnee' kernel percentage and oil content was higher in the warmer climates. Warmer developmental temperatures had no influence on `Cheyenne' kernel color. `Mohawk' kernels were not affected 2 of 3 years, but `Pawnee' developed darker colors 2 of 3 years.

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7

Herrera, Estaban A. "Economic Comparison of Removing Pecan Trees and Planting Young Trees and Transplanting Established, Mature Trees." HortTechnology 5, no. 3 (July 1995): 212–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.5.3.212.

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Pecans [Carya illinoinensis Wangenh. K. (Koch)], grown in western Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California, are usually planted at a spacing of 9.1 × 9.1 m (30 × 30 ft). At this spacing, orchards begin to crowd in about 20 years. This crowding results in reduced yields and nut quality, Strategically removing trees over a period of years is the best alternative to avoid tree-crowding problems. Establishing a new orchard with transplanted mature trees can show a profit 3 years earlier than if using nursery-produced trees.

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8

Grauke, L. J., and Tommy E. Thompson. "PATTERNS OF ROOTSTOCK USAGE IN THE PECAN INDUSTRY." HortScience 30, no. 3 (June 1995): 431f—431. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.3.431f.

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The commercial pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] nursery industry relies on open-pollinated seed for rootstock production. Current choice of seedstocks by commercial pecan nurserymen was surveyed by telephone. Nurseries were called if they appeared in the directory used for the 1994 release of `Navaho'. Factors influencing the choice of seedstock include seed availability, nut fill, nut size, nut shape, seedling vigor, stand uniformity, and root characteristics. Local availability is important in the choice of seedstock. Those who harvest from their own trees usually credit the seedstock with other valuable characteristics, such as improved germination or vigor. Those who purchase seed usually target a preferred seedstocks for particular reasons but plant available seed in its absence. Well-filled nuts are recognized as being important for good germination. Small nuts are often preferred, especially when seed is purchased because more nuts per pound increases potential production. Round nuts are generally preferred over long nuts due to improved performance in some mechanical planters. Distinct regional preferences are apparent in the choice of seedstocks. Regionally preferred seedstock selections are generally validated by a survey of the research literature. Patterns of selection are consistent with climatic and geographic constraints. Tree procurement patterns have changed: many small nurseries have gone out of business, many large nurseries transport trees far from the nursery for sales, and quarantine restrictions have altered procurement patterns in Arizona. Recommendations are made to nurserymen, pecan growers, and researchers concerning continued progress toward improving regionally adapted pecan rootstocks through seedstock selection.

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9

Randall, J. J., M. Radionenko, J. M. French, M. W. Olsen, N. P. Goldberg, and S. F. Hanson. "Xylella fastidiosa Detected in New Mexico in Chitalpa, a Common Landscape Ornamental Plant." Plant Disease 91, no. 3 (March 2007): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-3-0329b.

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Different strains of Xylella fastidiosa cause a variety of significant disease problems in agricultural and ornamental plants, including Pierce's disease in grapes, oleander leaf scorch, pecan bacterial leaf scorch, and alfalfa dwarf disease. X. fastidiosa has never been reported in New Mexico but is known to exist in surrounding states (California, Arizona, and Texas). During the summer of 2006, several chitalpa (Chitalpa tashkinensis) hybrid trees with leaf scorch symptoms and branch die back were observed in Las Cruces, NM and they tested positive for X. fastidiosa by ELISA. Additional samples from these plants and others were analyzed by ELISA, PCR (2), and cultured on XfD2 medium (1). Known positive and negative oleander samples from Arizona were included as controls. Fifteen of thirty tested chitalpa were PCR and ELISA positive, indicating that they were infected with X. fastidiosa. Bacterial colonies that were PCR positive were also recovered from 10 of the XF positive samples that were plated. DNA sequences of PCR products amplified from chitalpa and isolated bacterial colonies (GenBank Accession Nos. EF109936 and EF109937) were identical to each other, 97% similar to X. fastidiosa strain JB-USNA, and 96% similar to the Temecula 1 strain. Independent ELISA testing (Barry Hill, California Department Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, CA) confirmed our ELISA and PCR results. On the basis of these results, we conclude that X. fastidiosa is present in New Mexico and that the common landscape ornamental chitalpa is a host for X. fastidiosa. Additional work is required to determine if X. fastidiosa is pathogenic to chitalpa and to examine the relevance of this potential X. fastidiosa reservoir to agricultural production in New Mexico and other areas where chitalpa is grown. References: (1) R. P. P. Almeida et al. Curr. Microbiol. 48:368, 2004. (2) M. R. Pooler et al. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 25:123, 1997.

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10

"Monelliopsis pecanis. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, No.June (July 1, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20153229069.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Monelliopsis pecanis Bissell. Hemiptera: Aphididae. Main host: Pecan (Carya illinoinensis). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Italy, Sicily, Portugal, Madeira), Africa (Egypt and South Africa) and North America (Mexico, USA, Alabama, Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Carolina and Texas).

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pecan – Arizona"

1

Hunter, Martha, Mette Petersen, Melinda McElween, and Michael Kilby. "Population Dynamics of Pecan Aphids and Their Green Lacewing Predators in Insecticide-Free Pecans." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/223847.

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Field surveys of aphids and their natural enemies were conducted in a 30 acre unsprayed block of 'Wichita' pecans in Southeastern Arizona (FICO, Sahuarita) during the growing seasons of 1997, 1998, and 1999. Each season showed a different pattern of aphid population development. In general, numbers of the more damaging black pecan aphid, Melanocallis caryaefoliae were always lower than those of the blackmargined pecan aphid Monellia caryella and no serious aphid damage by either species was observed. Two species of green lacewings were the dominant natural enemies in the orchard, and eggs could be found throughout the season.

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2

Kilby, Michael W. "Evaluation of Temik (aldicarb) for the Control of the Pecan Aphid Complex for Pecans Grown in Arizona." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/223856.

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This experiment was conducted to extend the label for Temik use in Arizona pecan orchards for aphid control. Spring application of Temik controlled both yellow and black aphids throughout the season and significantly increased yield.

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3

Olsen, M., S. Rasmussen, and C. Nischwitz. "Effect of fungicide treatments on incidence of powdery mildew of pecan and on pecan nut quality." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/226097.

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Powdery mildew of pecan, caused by Microsphaera ulni, was observed on pecan shucks by the latter part of June 2000 in a commercial pecan orchard near Sahuarita, Arizona. Results of 1999 studies indicated that infection does not reduce nut quality. In order to determine effects of fungicide treatments and to substantiate results from 1999, preventive applications of micronized sulfur and azoxystrobin were initiated on June 8, 2000 in selected clusters in both Wichita and Western varieties. Trials were established in plots that had a high incidence of powdery mildew in 1999. Whole nut weights, kernel weights, or color ratings were not significantly different among clusters of nuts that were treated with fungicides and untreated nuts that were infected with powdery mildew. Percent disease incidence was 100% in untreated clusters, 0% in clusters treated with azoxystrobin every two weeks, and 5.3% (Wichita) and 8.8% (Western) in clusters treated with sulfur three times early in the season. Results indicate that disease did not affect nut weight or quality and that early preventive fungicide treatments are effective in controlling infections.

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4

Kilby, Michael, and Richard Gibson. "Rejuvenation of mature pecan trees by pruning." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/222517.

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Neglected mature 'Wichita' pecan trees were rejuvenated using various pruning techniques in 1997. Trees were pruned using proven horticultural techniques which included dehorning (cutting main scaffolds to within 2 feet of trunk) and cutting main scaffolds by 50%. To date the treatments have resulted in an increase in yield when compared to trees that received no pruning. In 1999 the grower has developed an orchard management program conducive to maximum production.

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5

Walworth, James, Andrew Pond, and Michael W. Kilby. "Leaf Sampling Guide with Interpretation and Evaluation for Arizona Pecan Orchards." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146970.

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6

Walworth, James L., Andrew P. Pond, and Michael W. Kilby. "Leaf Sampling Guide with Interpretation and Evaluation for Arizona Pecan Orchards." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/239608.

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7

Garrot, D. J. Jr, M. W. Kilby, D. D. Fangmeier, and S. H. Husman. "Quantification of Pecan Water Stress for Irrigation Scheduling." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215744.

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8

Clark, L. J., and E. W. Carpenter. "Pecan Variety Study on the Safford Agricultural Center." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/223844.

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In 1986 a replicated study of eight varieties of pecans was planted on the Safford Agricultural Center at an elevation of 2954 feet above sea level. The objective of the study was to determine which varieties would produce best under the saline conditions found in the Safford valley. WO-3, the highest overall producer of the study, produced the best yield in 1999, with a yield over 2600 pounds per acre. This paper also contains kernel percentages and other nut characteristics found in the study during the 1999 harvest seasons and a summary of the yields since 1997.

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9

Olsen, M., S. Rasmussen, C. Nischwitz, and M. Kilby. "Effect of Powdery Mildew on Pecan Nut Weight and Quality." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/223843.

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Powdery mildew of pecan, caused by Microsphaera ulni, results in discoloration of pecan shucks, but its effects on yield and quality of kernels are not known. In 1999, powdery mildew was observed on pecan shucks by the latter part of June in a commercial pecan orchard near Sahuarita, Arizona. The fungus continued to be active throughout the summer. However, results of a field test comparing diseased and healthy nuts from two varieties of pecans indicate that powdery mildew did not affect nut weight or quality. Whole nut weights, kernel weights, color ratings or percentage of discarded nuts were not significant between paired clusters of nuts that were treated with fungicides and remained disease free and untreated nuts that were infected with powdery mildew. Although shucks may have a high percentage of area covered by powdery mildew, results from this trial indicate that fungicide treatments are not warranted.

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10

Gibson, Richard, and Michael Kilby. "Rejuvenation of Neglected, Mature "Wichita" Pecan Trees By Corrective Pruning." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/226098.

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An attempt was made in 1997 to rejuvenate neglected, mature 'Wichita' pecan trees in a commercial Pinal County grove by applying two types of heading back pruning cuts. The treatments were applied during the dormant season prior to the growing season. The trees were pruned using proven horticultural techniques which included dehorning (cutting main scaffolds to within 2 feet of the trunk) and cutting main scaffolds by 50%. After four years of data, the trees receiving no pruning treatments are producing as well or better than trees to which the pruning treatments were applied. The data suggests that a return to normal irrigation and fertilization practices alone will return neglected, water-stressed trees to normal productivity as early as trees that have been headed-back.

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