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Kilby, Michael W. "Characterization of the Pecan Industry in North America with Emphasis in the Southwest." HortScience 32, no. 6 (October 1997): 980c—980. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.6.980c.
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The pecan is native to North America and is cultured as a major crop in both the United States and Mexico. In the early part of this century, pecans were thought of as a secondary crop grown in the southern geographic section of the United States. Increased demand for use as a nutritious food has resulted in expansion of the industry into the desert Southwest and California. Adaptive cultivars and irrigation coupled with the lack of diseases and insects has been instrumental in industry development in the West. As the industry has matured during the latter part of the century, pecan culture has improved into a strong crop enterprise business. Orchard management technique and orchard development concepts have been refined, resulting in increased production and awareness. In recent years, production in Mexico has impacted the U.S. price structure and pecan industry economy. The alternate-bearing nature of pecans also impacts prices received by growers. The aging of pecan trees has resulted in serious dilemmas, such as increased tree size and shading. This situation requires techniques such as tree thinning or hedge pruning to enhance annual production and improve nut quality. Various ramifications and parameters of these management practices will be discussed.
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Herrera, Esteban A. "Pecan Growing in the Western United States." HortTechnology 5, no. 3 (July 1995): 200–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.5.3.200.
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Almost 58,000 acres of pecans [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] are planted in the western United States, which includes western Texas and southern areas of New Mexico, Arizona, and California. `Western Schley' is the main cultivar planted, with `Wichita' trees used as pollenizers. All orchards are flood-irrigated and almost no diseases are present. The pecan aphid complex is the predominant insect problem; however, orchard crowding is becoming a problem, and growers are thinning orchards and transplanting trees to new sites.
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Cason, K. M. T., and I. E. Yates. "APPRESSORIUM FORMATION IN THE PECAN SCAB FUNGUS." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 627f—627. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.627f.
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Pecan scab, caused by the fungus Cladosporium caryigenum (Ell. et Lant) Gottwald, produces more damage to pecan than all other diseases and insects combined. Early events during infection are critical to disease establishment and to expression of host resistance, but have not been examined previously. Objectives of this research were to determine if there is regulation of appressorial formation and if it is related to resistance. Pre-infectional host-pathogen interactions were studied in vivo (on leaves) and in vitro (on callus, dialysis membrane, and agar) with light and electron microscopy. Leaves, callus tissue, dialysis membranes, and agar were inoculated with scab conidia and were incubated under conditions optimum for germination. Conidia germinate and produce a germ tube on agar and dialysis membrane, but appressoria are not formed. Appressoria form on pecan callus, but germ tubes are long. Long germ tubes are often associated with resistant disease reactions. In vivo, appressoria form readily, but germ tube length varies depending on the location of the spore on the leaf surface. Preliminary evidence indicates that surface topography affects induction of appressorium formation in the scab fungus.
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Sparks, Darrell. "Adaptability of Pecan as a Species." HortScience 40, no. 5 (August 2005): 1175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.5.1175.
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Pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] is indigenous to the Mississippi River drainage system of the United States. Climate in the native pecan region ranges from humid to semiarid and from mild to harsh winters. Rainfall is bimodal with peaks in March to April and in August to September. Pecan is site specific and is the climax tree species on loamy, well drained, first bottom river land with a relatively high water table. Detrimental effects from pecan's shade intolerance from its more vigorous, sympatric species are minimized as these species are specific to differ sites. Pecan's deep and phreatophytic rooting habit ensures soil moisture during drought periods and facilitates pecan's survival in semiarid regions. Root development in the humus-surface layer ensures nutrient uptake from the most nutrient rich layer of the soil and, when the lower soil profile is saturated, aeration for the roots and water and nutrient uptake. The bimodal rain pattern replenishes soil profile moisture and its timing ensures seed germination, stand establishment, well-developed seed, and minimal drought stress. Natural selection for freeze tolerance and for minimum fruit development time allows survival in areas with harsh winters and short growing seasons. Regulation of seed germination and budbreak by heating and chilling results in pecan being native in cold and warm climates, greatly increasing the native range. The northern limit for pecan is dictated by heat units; the southern limit is restricted by lack of bimodal rains and vivipary. Reproductive stress is caused by the high lipid content of seed, but is counteracted by a long juvenile growth period of the seedling, by a small nut size and low percentage kernel, and by “off” production years of the tree. Nut and percentage kernel decrease as the growing season decreases which contributes to species survival in geographical regions with a short growing season. Selection for small nuts with low percentage kernel is enhanced by predators. Tree reserves are depleted by heavy production during “on” years and are replenished during “off”years. Perpetuation of pecan forests is apparently from sib/half sib seedlings following predator satiation while dissemination into new areas may be mainly by predators. Pecan and its pests successfully co-exist. Major defense against fruit feeders is escape in time, leaf feeders by biological associations and accommodation, and leaf diseases by confrontation. Heterozygous progenies from cross-pollination provide ample genetic diversity for continuous pecan selection to endure pressures imposed throughout a wide climatic range. Ecological adaptions within native pecan forests should be used in developing and maintaining commercial pecan orchards.
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Peña, Jose G. "Pecan Production Trends: A Comparison of Production in the Southeastern and Southwestern United States." HortTechnology 5, no. 3 (July 1995): 202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.5.3.202.
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The United States pecan industry experienced dynamic production changes during the last 25 years. Production in Georgia, the leading state, experienced serious problems during the late 1980s and early 1990s as a result of orchard crowding, old orchards, high incidence of diseases, and other problems. During the same 25-year period, plantings and production shifted to the southwestern United States to new production centers in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California under a drier, more-favorable growing environment. Although the southeastern region continues to lead the nation in annual pecan production due to the high number and concentration of orchards with improved varieties, production in the southwestern region eventually may dominate the industry.
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Ozcariz-Fermoselle, María Virginia, Raúl Fraile-Fabero, Tomás Girbés-Juan, Oscar Arce-Cervantes, Juan Andrés Oria de Rueda-Salgueiro, and Anabela Marisa Azul. "Use of lignocellulosic wastes of pecan (Carya illinoinensis) in the cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum." Revista Iberoamericana de Micología 35, no. 2 (April 2018): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.riam.2017.09.005.
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Zhang, C. Q., and B. C. Xu. "First Report of Canker on Pecan (Carya cathayensis) Caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea in China." Plant Disease 95, no. 10 (October 2011): 1319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-11-0457.
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In the late 1990s, sporadic occurrence of Botryosphaeria canker on Carya cathayensis was recorded in Zhejiang Province, China. From 2005 to 2009, nearly 90% of orchards in Zhejiang and Anhui provinces were seriously affected by this disease. Symptoms were similar to those of canker of C. illinoinensis (2); small, elliptical lesions that developed on the bark at points of infection and then enlarged to form large, sunken, elongated cankers. The cankers coalesced, forming large diffuse areas of blighted tissue, which turned black. Tissue samples from the margin of trunk lesions from 35 different diseased trees from five counties were surface sterilized with 1.5% sodium hypochlorite for 3 min, plated on 2% potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated at 25°C in the dark for 1 week. Gray-black mycelia and colorless, aseptate, thin-walled conidia, 17.3 ± 0.8 long and 4.5 ± 0.5 μm wide, were produced. On the basis of these morphological characteristics, the fungus was identified as Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug. ex Fr.) Ces. & De Not (1). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was amplified with primers ITS1/ITS4 from DNA extracted from mycelium produced on PDA and was recorded as GenBank Accession Nos. HQ731442 and HQ731443. The results of BLAST showed that it had more than 98% similarity to records for B. dothidea. Uninfected twigs and stems of C. cathayensis were wounded with a scalpel and then sprayed with a conidia suspension of 106 conidia per ml in distilled water as inoculum or distilled water only to provide an noninoculated control, wrapped in plastic bags to retain moisture, and incubated for 48 h. For each isolate, five twigs and stems per tree and a total of 10 trees were inoculated. After 2 weeks, 14 of 15 isolates caused lesions on inoculated stems and twigs, whereas no symptoms developed on the noninoculated controls. Cultures isolated from lesions and cultured on PDA exhibited morphological characteristics identical to those of B. dothidea, confirming completion of Koch's postulates. Currently, the distribution of Botryosphaeria canker of C. cathayensis is confined to Zhejiang and Anhui provinces. The identification of the pathogen now allows for appropriate forest management measures. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Botryosphaeria canker of pecan (C. cathayensis) in China. References: (1) S. Denman et al. Stud. Mycol. 45:129, 2000. (2) W. A. Sinclair and H. H. Lyon. Diseases of Trees and Shrubs. 2nd ed. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 2005.
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Sanderlin, R. S. "Evidence That Xylella fastidiosa Is Associated with Pecan Fungal Leaf Scorch." Plant Disease 82, no. 2 (February 1998): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.2.264a.
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Several different leaf scorch symptomatologies occur on the foliage of pecan (Carya illinoinensis). The causes of these different scorch symptoms have been associated with environmental stresses, nutritional imbalances, mites, and pathogens. One type of leaf scorch is characterized by necrosis beginning at the tips or margins of the leaflets and progressing toward the midrib and base of the leaflets. The most distinguishing feature of this type of leaf scorch is a dark brown, black, or purplish band of tissue at the interface of the necrotic and green leaflet tissue. This band does not occur on all affected leaflets, but is a consistent feature with this symptomatology. Leaflets with this leaf scorch usually abscise before the entire leaflet becomes necrotic. Affected leaflets will abscise from a compound leaf, while leaflets without symptoms remain on the rachis. When this scorch is severe, the entire leaf including the rachis may abscise. The symptoms are often confined to one area of the tree. Symptoms of this disease appear as early as June but often begin in July. Incidence and severity increase through the remainder of summer and into fall. Over the past 25 years, several different genera of fungi have been reported as being associated with this leaf scorch (2). The phenomenon was named fungal leaf scorch (FLS) because of the association with fungi and the observation that some fungicides reduced the severity of leaf scorch. Genera of fungi implicated in the development of FLS were Pestalotia, Epicoccum, Curvularia, and Fusarium. Recent work has indicated that the disease could be caused by a Phomopsis sp. or Glomerella cingulata or both (1). The symptoms and epidemiology of the FLS are similar to other leaf scorch diseases of hardwood caused by the fastidious xylem-limited bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. A commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Agdia, Elkhart, IN) was used to screen for this organism in association with FLS. Assays were conducted by extracting from a composite sample of 9 to 12 sections (approximately 3 cm long) taken from 3 to 4 rachises of each tree tested. Positive reaction for the presence of X. fastidiosa in rachises was recorded from 10 of 10 trees with symptoms of FLS on the Cape Fear cultivar. One of two trees was positive from Cape Fear leaves without symptoms. Symptomless foliage from two less susceptible cultivars, Stuart (two trees) and Sumner (one tree), assayed negative for the bacterium. The association of X. fastidiosa with symptoms of FLS provides evidence that this organism is involved in the etiology of pecan leaf scorch; however, further work is needed to determine the exact etiology. References: (1). A. J. Latham et al. Plant Dis. 79:182, 1995. (2) R. H. Littrell and R. E. Worley. Phytopathology 62:805, 1972.
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Woodward, J. E., D. B. Langston, J. H. Brock, R. C. Kemerait, T. B. Brenneman, and G. H. Beard. "First Demonstration of Koch's Postulates for Lasiodiplodia theobromae Fruit Spot on Eggplant (Solanum melongena)." Plant Disease 89, no. 6 (June 2005): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-0687a.
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During October 2004, diseased eggplant fruit from a commercial farm in Colquitt County, Georgia, developed circular, tan, water-soaked lesions. Gray, septate mycelia quickly covered the fruit. Diseased fruit became shriveled, spongy, and mummified. Disease incidence in the field was approximately 1%. Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. (synonym Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat.) (2) was isolated from the margins of lesions and cultured on acidified potato dextrose agar. The fungus produced grayish colonies with aerial hyphae and black ostiolate pycnidia massed into stroma. Mature elliptical conidia (25.8 × 15.6 μm) were brown, had a single septation, and longitudinal striations. Isolates obtained from peanut and pecan were included in the pathogenicity tests. Mature fruit cv. Nightshade were surface disinfested for 30 s in 70% ethanol, followed by 60 s in 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, rinsed twice in sterile distilled water, and allowed to dry. Inoculations were made by placing an agar plug containing L. theobromae mycelial side down on the surface of the fruit or wounding with a sterile toothpick containing mycelium of the fungus. Fruit similarly inoculated with agar plugs or sterile toothpicks served as controls. There were a total of three replicates. Fruit were placed in plastic containers lined with moistened paper towels. Containers were placed in a dew chamber and incubated (28°C, relative humidity >95%) for 3 days, and then evaluated. Symptoms identical to those observed on naturally infected fruit developed on inoculated fruit. Controls remained disease free. L. theobromae was reisolated from all symptomatic tissue, satisfying Koch's postulates. Disease damage on wounded fruit was twice that of nonwounded fruit. However, seven of nine inoculations with agar plugs containing L. theobromae resulted in infection. Lesion lengths from wound inoculations were 9.8, 7.3, and 5.2 cm for isolates from peanut, pecan, and eggplant, respectively. Generally, L. theobromae is considered a facultative wound pathogen or a secondary invader (3). However, this study suggests that direct infection can occur. Although fruit spot has been reported previously on eggplant (1), to our knowledge, this is the first report verifying L. theobromae as the causal agent. References: (1) S. A. Alfieri et al. Index of Plant Diseases in Florida. Fla. Dep. Agric. Consum. Serv. Bull. 11, 1984. (2) H. L. Barnett and B. B. Hunter. Illustrated Guide of Imperfect Fungi. 4th ed. The American Phytopathological Society St. Paul, MN, 1998. (3) P. M. Phipps and D. M. Porter. Plant Dis. 82:1205, 1998.
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Oliver, J. E., P. A. Cobine, and L. De La Fuente. "Xylella fastidiosa Isolates from Both subsp. multiplex and fastidiosa Cause Disease on Southern Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium sp.) Under Greenhouse Conditions." Phytopathology® 105, no. 7 (July 2015): 855–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-11-14-0322-fi.
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Xylella fastidiosa is a xylem-limited gram-negative plant pathogen that affects numerous crop species, including grape, citrus, peach, pecan, and almond. Recently, X. fastidiosa has also been found to be the cause of bacterial leaf scorch on blueberry in the southeastern United States. Thus far, all X. fastidiosa isolates obtained from infected blueberry have been classified as X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex; however, X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa isolates are also present in the southeastern United States and commonly cause Pierce’s disease of grapevines. In this study, seven southeastern U.S. isolates of X. fastidiosa, including three X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa isolates from grape, one X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa isolate from elderberry, and three X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex isolates from blueberry, were used to infect the southern highbush blueberry ‘Rebel’. Following inoculation, all isolates colonized blueberry, and isolates from both X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex and X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa caused symptoms, including characteristic stem yellowing and leaf scorch symptoms as well as dieback of the stem tips. Two X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex isolates from blueberry caused more severe symptoms than the other isolates examined, and infection with these two isolates also had a significant impact on host mineral nutrient content in sap and leaves. These findings have potential implications for understanding X. fastidiosa host adaptation and expansion and the development of emerging diseases caused by this bacterium.
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Freeman, Stanley. "Management, Survival Strategies, and Host Range of Colletotrichum acutatum on Strawberry." HortScience 43, no. 1 (February 2008): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.1.66.
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Colletotrichum spp. are broad-range pathogens, meaning that many species can infect a single host and a single species can infect diverse hosts. For example, Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds affects a wide range of crops, causing disease symptoms on apple, almond, anemone, citrus, lupin, peach, pecan, strawberry, and others, whereas Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. (Penz. & Sacc.) can affect many of the previous hosts as well. Anthracnose is one of the major fungal diseases of strawberry occurring worldwide. In Israel, the disease is caused primarily by the species C. acutatum. The pathogen causes irregular leaf spot, bud rot, petiole and stolon necrosis, and black spot on fruit. The pathogen is most destructive when it causes root necrosis and crown rot, which usually kill the plants in nurseries and transplants in the field. To maintain a disease-free crop, nuclear and foundation stock material, as well as field nurseries, must be routinely monitored and tested for presence of the pathogen. Strawberry cultivation using plasticulture as an overhead cover of the crop can significantly control anthracnose disease incidence by reducing inoculum spread and infection, both in nurseries and in production fields. C. acutatum from strawberry can survive on several cultivated plant species, such as pepper, eggplant, tomato, bean, and weed species, without causing disease symptoms. This indicated that they may serve as a potential inoculum reservoir for strawberry infection between seasons. Although C. acutatum survives in soil under certain conditions, no specific resting structures have been observed indicating that the pathogen does not behave as a typical soilborne fungus.
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Wadley, M., P. Stonelake, and A. Blann. "Soluble Pecam in Cancer Atherosclerosis, and Connective Tissue Diseases." Clinical Science 94, s38 (February 1, 1998): 19P. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs094019pb.
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Jewell, Dennis, Matthew Jackson, Jean Hall, and Dayakar Badri. "Feeding Microbiome-Targeting Ingredients Increases Fecal Butyrate, Plant-Origin Antioxidants, and Anti-Inflammatory Compounds in Dogs." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa050_012.
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Abstract Objectives Inflammatory and oxidative processes play an important role in the maintenance of digestive health and progression of diseases. This study was performed to evaluate changes in fecal microbiota, metabolites, and post-biotics associated with increasing dietary concentrations of ingredients targeting the gut microbiota. Methods Forty-eight healthy adult dogs were fed for four weeks on a complete and balanced adult dog food. After four weeks, dogs were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups for the next 28-day feeding period: Control─continuation of the pretrial food; Control + 1─the control food with 1% enhanced fiber mix; Control + 2─the control food with 2% enhanced fiber mix; and Control + 4─the control food with 4% enhanced fiber mix. The fiber mix contained pecan shells, flaxseed, beet pulp, citrus pulp, and cranberry pomace. Fecal samples were collected after prefeeding, after 10 days on test foods, and at the end of the 28-day feeding period. Fecal samples were analyzed for: microbiota by 16SrRNA amplicon sequencing using V3-V4 hypervariable regions (performed in-house), short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and metabolomics (analyzed by Metabolon, Durham, NC. Statistical significance of P < 0.05 was used. Results There was an increase in the fecal SCFA butyrate with Control + 4%, but no significant SCFA changes in the other treatment groups. The saccharolytic sugar arabinose was increased at 10 days, but not at 28 days in the Control + 4% group. There was an increase in many antioxidant and anti-inflammatory dietary plant compounds and postbiotics (dosmetin, eriodictyol, limonin, naringenin, pheophoribide A, hesperidin, hesperetin, ponciretin, secoisolariciresionol diglucoside, secoisolariciresionol enterodiol) by 10 days and through the end of the feeding period. There were no significant changes detected in the microbiome. Conclusions Increased butyrate and arabinose suggest a shift from proteolytic to saccharolytic metabolism in the microbiomes of dogs fed the Control + 4% food. The transformation of fiber polyphenols into sugars, and derived polyphenols into compounds having increased antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potency, suggest that these ingredients nourish and activate the colonic microbiome to improve GI health. Funding Sources Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc.
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Jewell, Dennis, Matthew Jackson, Jean Hall, and Dayakar Badri. "Feeding Microbiome-Targeting Ingredients Increases Fecal Plant-Origin Antioxidants and Anti-Inflammatory Compounds, and Decreases Branched-Chained Amino Acids in Cats." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa050_013.
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Abstract Objectives Inflammatory and oxidative processes play an important role in the maintenance of digestive health and progression of diseases. This study was performed to evaluate changes in fecal microbiota, metabolites, and post-biotics associated with increasing dietary concentrations of ingredients targeting the gut microbiota. Methods Fifty-six healthy adult cats were fed for four weeks on a complete and balanced adult cat food. After the four weeks, cats were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups for the next 28-day feeding period: Control─continued feeding of the pretrial food; C + 1─fed a food similar to the control food with 1% enhanced fiber mix; C + 2─fed a food similar to the control food with 2% enhanced fiber mix; and C + 4─fed a food similar to the control food with 4% enhanced fiber mix. The fiber mix contained pecan shells, beet pulp, cranberry pomace, flaxseed, and citrus pulp. Fecal samples were collected after prefeeding, after 10 days on test foods, and at the end of the 28-day feeding period. Fecal samples were analyzed for: microbiota by 16SrRNA amplicon sequencing using V3-V4 hypervariable regions (performed in-house), short chain fatty acids and metabolomics analyzed by Metabolon, Durham, NC. Significance of P < 0.05 was used. Results There was an increase in the bacterium Faecalibacterium in cats eating C + 4% with no significant changes in the other treatment groups. There was a decrease in the abundance of branched chain fatty acids in the C + 4% group with no significant changes in the other treatment groups. The saccharolytic sugar arabinose was increased in both the C + 2% and C + 4% groups. There was an increase in many antioxidant and anti-inflammatory plant compounds and their respective post-biotics in cats fed test foods. Conclusions Increased arabinose concurrent with decreased branched chain fatty acids suggests a shift from proteolytic to saccharolytic metabolism by the GI microbiome. The transformation of fiber polyphenols into sugars, and derived polyphenols into compounds having increased antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potency, suggests that these ingredients nourish and activate the colonic microbiome to improve GI health. Funding Sources Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc.
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Fukumoto, F., Y. Masuda, and K. Hanada. "Pea Tissue Necrosis Induced by Cucumber mosaic virus Alone or Together with Watermelon mosaic virus." Plant Disease 87, no. 4 (April 2003): 324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.4.324.
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Necrotic diseases of the stems, petioles, and leaves of pea plants (Pisum sativumL.), leading to wilting and death, occur in the Wakayama and Mie Prefectures of Japan. Based on host range, symptomatology, electron microscopy, and serological relationships, Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) and three Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) isolates (PE2, PE3A, and PB1) were isolated from diseased plants in the Wakayama Prefecture. In the Mie Prefecture, CMV (PEAN) also was isolated from pea plants with similar symptoms. Single infection with CMV (PB1 or PEAN) caused stem necrosis and eventual death of pea plants. Similar symptoms developed after double infection with WMV and PE2 or PE3A, whereas single infection with PE2 and PE3A induced symptomless infection in pea plants. We concluded either CMV alone or synergistic effects of mixed infection with CMV and WMV induced pea plant stem necrosis.
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Li, Zhuoying, Dong Han, Jie Jiang, Jia Chen, Lang Tian, and Zuocheng Yang. "Association of PECAM-1 Gene Polymorphisms with Kawasaki Disease in Chinese Children." Disease Markers 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2960502.
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Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis complicated by development of coronary artery lesions. PECAM-1 is a kind of cell adhesion molecule, which plays an important role in coronary artery disease. The relationship between PECAM-1 gene polymorphisms and their susceptibility to Kawasaki diseases (KD) is still unclear. In our study, we examined the PECAM-1 gene polymorphisms in 44 KD patients and 59 healthy children and revealed the correlation of PECAM-1 gene polymorphisms in KD children with and without coronary artery lesions (CAL).
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Siagian, Forman Erwin, Janno BB Bernardus, Robiatul Adawiyah, and Esy Maryanti. "Nyamuk: Peran Pola Gigit dan Pilihan Inang Dalam Kompetensi sebagai Vektor." Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran 5, no. 2 (November 25, 2017): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26891/jik.v5i2.2011.71-81.
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Mosquitoes act as vector of fatal diseases such as malaria and dengue hemorrhagic fever since a long time ago. Thruits biting, it can transfer diseases from one sick individu to another ‘immunologically naïve’ people. Biting patternsand host preference play an important role in transmission of disease. Those two might differ among species, evenbetween strain from different region. Geographic and some other enviromental play an important role on mosquitoes’sindividual ability. By knowing those factors will built better understanding on the role of mosquitoes on diseasetransmission
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Bock, Clive H., Bruce W. Wood, Frank van den Bosch, Stephen Parnell, and Tim R. Gottwald. "The Effect of Horsfall-Barratt Category Size on the Accuracy and Reliability of Estimates of Pecan Scab Severity." Plant Disease 97, no. 6 (June 2013): 797–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-12-0781-re.
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Pecan scab (Fusicladium effusum) is a destructive pecan disease. Disease assessments may be made using interval-scale-based methods or estimates of severity to the nearest percent area diseased. To explore the effects of rating method—Horsfall-Barratt (H-B) scale estimates versus nearest percent estimates (NPEs)—on the accuracy and reliability of severity estimates over different actual pecan scab severity ranges on fruit valves, raters assessed two cohorts of images with actual area (0 to 6, 6+ to 25%, and 25+ to 75%) diseased. Mean estimated disease within each actual disease severity range varied substantially. Means estimated by NPE within each actual disease severity range were not necessarily good predictors of the H-B scale estimate at <25% severity. H-B estimates by raters most often placed severity in the wrong category compared with actual disease. Measures of bias, accuracy, precision, and agreement using Lin's concordance correlation depended on the range of actual severity, with improvements increasing with actual disease severity category (from 0 to 6 through 25+ to 75%); however, the improvement was unaffected by the H-B assessments. Bootstrap analysis indicated that NPEs provided either equally good or more accurate and precise estimate of disease compared with the H-B scale at severities of 25+ to 75%. Inter-rater reliability using NPEs was greater at 25+ to 75% actual disease severity compared with using the H-B scale. Using NPEs compared with the H-B scale will more often result in more precise and accurate estimates of pecan scab severity, particularly when estimating actual disease severities of 25+ to 75%.
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Damayanti, Putu Ayu Asri, and Ni Luh Putu Eva Yanti. "RISIKO MOSQUITO-BORNE DISEASES PADA WISATAWAN DI INDONESIA DAN PERAN TRAVEL HEALTH NURSING." Coping: Community of Publishing in Nursing 8, no. 3 (October 31, 2020): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/coping.2020.v08.i03.p03.
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Kunjungan wisatawan internasional meningkat setiap tahun mencapai 1,4 milyar wisatawan pada tahun 2019. Peningkatan kunjungan wisatawan akan meningkatkan risiko wisatawan untuk mengalami gangguan kesehatan. Ganguan kesehatan yang banyak ditemui wisatawan bersumber dari penyakit yang ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk yang dikenal dengan mosquito-borne diseases (MBD). Indonesia sebagai salah satu tujuan wisata endemis terhadap MBD seperti malaria, Dengue, Chikungunya, Japanese Encephalitis (JE), dan limfatik filariasis. Wisatawan harus mempersiapkan diri sebelum melakukan perjalanan dan mencari informasi tentang tempat yang dikunjungi. Perawat travel health melakukan pelayanan sebelum perjalanan (pre-travel), setelah perjalanan (post-travel), dan saat wisata (during/in-transit care) dengan berfokus pada pencegahan primer dan sekunder pada penyakit yang berhubungan dengan perjalanan wisata. Pencegahan terhadap gigitan nyamuk dan kemoprofilakss adalah upaya pencegahan yang efektif karena sebagian besar MBD belum ada obat dan vaksinnya kecuali penyakit JE. Profesi perawat travel health sangat dibutuhkan untuk menyiapkan dan memantau kesehatan para wisatawan.
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Lovelace, Michael D., May Lin Yap, Jana Yip, William Muller, Odilia Wijburg, and Denise E. Jackson. "Absence of Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule 1, PECAM-1/CD31,In VivoIncreases Resistance to Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium in Mice." Infection and Immunity 81, no. 6 (March 18, 2013): 1952–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01295-12.
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ABSTRACTPECAM-1/CD31 is known to regulate inflammatory responses and exhibit pro- and anti-inflammatory functions. This study was designed to determine the functional role of PECAM-1 in susceptibility to murine primaryin vivoinfection withSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium and inin vitroinflammatory responses of peritoneal macrophages. Lectin profiling showed that cellular PECAM-1 and recombinant human PECAM-1-Ig chimera contain high levels of mannose sugars andN-acetylglucosamine. Consistent with this carbohydrate pattern, both recombinant human and murine PECAM-1-Ig chimeras were shown to bindS. Typhimurium in a dose-dependent mannerin vitro. Using oral and fecal-oral transmission models ofS. Typhimurium SL1344 infection, PECAM-1−/−mice were found to be more resistant toS. Typhimurium infection than wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice. While fecal shedding ofS. Typhimurium was comparable in wild-type and PECAM-1−/−mice, the PECAM-1-deficient mice had lower bacterial loads in systemic organs such as liver, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes than WT mice, suggesting that extraintestinal dissemination was reduced in the absence of PECAM-1. This reduced bacterial load correlated with reduced tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP) levels in sera of PECAM-1−/−mice. Followingin vitrostimulation of macrophages with either wholeS. Typhimurium, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Toll-like receptor 4 [TLR4] ligand), or poly(I·C) (TLR3 ligand), production of TNF and IL-6 by PECAM-1−/−macrophages was reduced. Together, these results suggest that PECAM-1 may have multiple functions in resistance to infection withS. Typhimurium, including binding to host cells, extraintestinal spread to deeper tissues, and regulation of inflammatory cytokine production by infected macrophages.
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Reilly, C. C., M. W. Hotchkiss, and F. F. Hendrix. "Phytophthora Shuck and Kernel Rot, a New Disease of Pecan Caused by Phytophthora cactorum." Plant Disease 82, no. 3 (March 1998): 347–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.3.347.
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Phytophthora shuck and kernel rot infection usually started at the stem end of the pecan fruit and progressed distally to encompass the entire shuck within 4 to 6 days. A distinct margin developed between dark brown necrotic tissue and healthy green tissue during rotting of the shucks. Phytophthora cactorum was isolated from the rapidly rotting pecan fruit. Two to three weeks after the symptoms appeared, the diseased shucks dried and stuck tightly to the shell. The seed coat of the kernel turned dark brown and the endosperm rotted. The new disease of pecan was first observed during September 1988 on maturing pecan fruit in central Georgia in the vicinity of the town of Byron where growers estimated losses of 50% or greater in some orchards. In south Georgia near the cities of Albany and Cordele, the disease was present but less severe. The causal agent was identified as P. cactorum and deposited with ATCC as isolate B1, ATCC No. 66186. Laboratory and field inoculations of nut clusters using the B1 isolate produced typical symptoms observed in nature. Symptoms of the disease were observed in 13 orchards, and the pathogen was isolated from the soil of 10 of these orchards in south and central Georgia.
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Andrea, Decky, and Luciana Rotty. "Peran Terlipressin pada Penyakit Hati Kronik." Medical Scope Journal 3, no. 1 (May 4, 2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35790/msj.3.1.2021.33784.
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Abstract: Chronic liver disease is a progressive impairment of liver function. It is caused by non-alcoholic fatty liver, viral infection of the liver, excessive alcohol consumption, metabolic diseases such as galactosemia, autoimmune disease, and the influence of chemicals. Complications that are often found are esophageal variceal bleeding, hepatorenal syndrome, and refractory ascites. Terlipressin, which is a vasopressin analogue, is currently widely used in developed countries because it has been shown to improve survival of patients with esophageal varices, hepatorenal syndrome, and refractory ascites. Terlipressin is the current standard therapy for esophageal variceal bleeding in countries where it is available.Keywords: chronic liver disease; terlipressin Abstrak: Penyakit hati kronis (PHK) adalah gangguan fungsi hati yang terjadi secara progresif. Peyakit hati kronis di sebabkan oleh non-alcoholic fatty liver, infeksi virus pada hati, konsumsi alkohol berlebihan, peyakit metabolik seperti galaktosemia, penyakit autoimun, dan pengaruh bahan kimia. Komplikasi yang sering ditemukan pada PHK ialah perdarahan varises esofagus, sindrom hepatorenal, dan asites refrakter. Terlipressin yang merupakan analog vasopressin saat ini banyak di pakai di negara maju karena terbukti dapat meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup pasien perdarahan varises esofagus, sindrom hepatorenal, dan asites refrakter. Dewasa ini terlipressin telah menjadi terapi standar perdarahan varises esofagus di negara-negara di mana obat ini tersedia.Kata kunci: penyakit hati kronik; terlipressin
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Iovino, Federico, Grietje Molema, and Jetta J. E. Bijlsma. "Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1, a Putative Receptor for the Adhesion of Streptococcus pneumoniae to the Vascular Endothelium of the Blood-Brain Barrier." Infection and Immunity 82, no. 9 (June 9, 2014): 3555–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00046-14.
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ABSTRACTThe Gram-positive bacteriumStreptococcus pneumoniaeis the main causative agent of bacterial meningitis.S. pneumoniaeis thought to invade the central nervous system via the bloodstream by crossing the vascular endothelium of the blood-brain barrier. The exact mechanism by which pneumococci cross endothelial cell barriers before meningitis develops is unknown. Here, we investigated the role of PECAM-1/CD31, one of the major endothelial cell adhesion molecules, inS. pneumoniaeadhesion to vascular endothelium of the blood-brain barrier. Mice were intravenously infected with pneumococci and sacrificed at various time points to represent stages preceding meningitis. Immunofluorescent analysis of brain tissue of infected mice showed that pneumococci colocalized with PECAM-1. In human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) incubated withS. pneumoniae, we observed a clear colocalization between PECAM-1 and pneumococci. Blocking of PECAM-1 reduced the adhesion ofS. pneumoniaeto endothelial cellsin vitro, implying that PECAM-1 is involved in pneumococcal adhesion to the cells. Furthermore, using endothelial cell protein lysates, we demonstrated thatS. pneumoniaephysically binds to PECAM-1. Moreover, bothin vitroandin vivoPECAM-1 colocalizes with theS. pneumoniaeadhesion receptor pIgR. Lastly, immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that PECAM-1 can physically interact with pIgR. In summary, we show for the first time that blood-borneS. pneumoniaecolocalizes with PECAM-1 expressed by brain microvascular endothelium and that, in addition, they colocalize with pIgR. We hypothesize that this interaction plays a role in pneumococcal binding to the blood-brain barrier vasculature prior to invasion into the brain.
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Tohom, Andilo. "Peran Pengawasan Internal Dalam Menghindari Kutukan Sumber Daya Alam." Liquidity 5, no. 1 (June 13, 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32546/lq.v5i1.59.
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Indonesia is one of many countries in the world so called resource-rich country. Natural resources abundance needs to be managed in the right way in order to avoid dutch diseases and resources curses. These two phenomena generally happened in the country, which has abundant natural resources. Learned from Norwegian experiences, Indonesian Government need to focus its policy to prevent rent seeking activities. The literature study presented in this paper is aimed to provide important insight for government entities in focusing their policies and programs to avoid resources curse. From the internal audit perspective, this study is expected to improve internal audit’s role in assurance and consulting.
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Dewi Dermawan, Clara Assisiansi, and Lie Fun Fun. "Peran Trait Kepribadian terhadap Social Support pada Penderita Kanker Leher Rahim." Humanitas (Jurnal Psikologi) 3, no. 2 (August 2, 2019): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.28932/humanitas.v3i2.2173.
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Based on Data Riset Kesehatan Dasar Indonesia (2013), 65% cases of diseases are caused by non-contagious diseases, one of them is cervical cancer. Individual response to the cancer varies depend on personality and their perception about social support. This study uses McCrae-Costa’s Big Five Personality Theory (2003) and Cohen’s Social Support (2002).
Sixty cervical cancer patients, selected by accidental sampling, were given personality and social support questionnaire. Each trait’s score tested its contribution to social support’s score with Multilinear Regression Test by SPPS 20.
Agreeableness contributes to perception about appraisal support (F=8.303) and belonging support (F=4.501). Extraversion contributes to perception about appraisal support (F=7.7). Openness to experience contributes to perception about belonging support (F=5.465) and tangible support (F=3.922). Neuroticism and Conscientiousness do not contribute to perception about any social support dimensions.
Hopefully this study can be used by the patient’s family, the hospital, and LSM in giving social support and also for the patient to understand about their personality and know what kind of help they do need from people around.
Keywords: cervical cancer, big five personality, social support, Multilinear Regression Test
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Laswati, Dyah Titin. "MASALAH GIZI DAN PERAN GIZI SEIMBANG." AGROTECH : JURNAL ILMIAH TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN 2, no. 1 (February 5, 2019): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37631/agrotech.v2i1.12.
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Good nutrition will be consistent with good health. In the clinical symptoms of malnutrition is the body's growth and not normal development. Nutritional status was the final result of the various factors that may relate to one anothers. Therefore, understanding how the nutrient problems should be the basis for a strategy for the prevention and mitigation. The nutritional status is directly influenced by two things, the adequacy of nutrient intake to meet the needs of the body and the infection status of a person, mutually influential, so fixing one of them is not going to fix the state of the other. The guidelines of balanced nutrition was the best solution in Indonesia visualized in Tumpeng of balanced nutrition. Data of nutritional health status and nutrition-related non-communicable diseases of data obtained from the Health Research by the Ministry of Health, 2010 and micronutrient status data, especially iron deficiency anemia status. The agreement of the World Food Conference in Rome in 1992 set of recommendations to all countries, particularly developing countries to replace the slogan-based "Basic Four" to "Nutrition Guide for Balanced Diet". This emphasis is based on the fact that developing countries have to face the double burden of nutrition problems (malnutrition and over nutrition). Principle slogan "Nutrition Guide for Balanced Diet": consumption daily diet should contain nutrients in the type and amount (portion) that fits the needs of each individual or age group. Consumption of food with this pattern should pay attention to four basic principles, namely: Diversity of food; Regular physical activity and measurable; personal and environmental hygiene are maintained; and monitor or maintain weight is always ideal.
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Yun, Peter L. W., Arthur A. Decarlo, Cheryl C. Chapple, and Neil Hunter. "Functional Implication of the Hydrolysis of Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (CD31) by Gingipains of Porphyromonas gingivalis for the Pathology of Periodontal Disease." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 3 (March 2005): 1386–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.3.1386-1398.2005.
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ABSTRACT Periodontitis is a response of highly vascularized tissues to the adjacent microflora of dental plaque. Progressive disease has been related to consortia of anaerobic bacteria, with the gram-negative organism Porphyromonas gingivalis particularly implicated. The gingipains, comprising a group of cysteine proteinases and associated hemagglutinin domains, are major virulence determinants of this organism. As vascular expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules is a critical determinant of tissue response to microbial challenge, the objective of this study was to determine the capacity of gingipains to modulate the expression and function of these receptors. Given the potential multifunctional role of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1) in the vasculature, the effect of gingipains on PECAM-1 expression by endothelial cells was examined. Activated gingipains preferentially down-regulated PECAM-1 expression on endothelial cells compared with vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1, but the reduction in PECAM-1 expression was completely inhibited in the presence of the cysteine proteinase inhibitor TLCK (Nα-p-tosyl-l-lysine chloromethyl ketone). Endothelial monolayers treated with activated gingipains demonstrated progressive intercellular gap formation that correlated with reduced intercellular junctional PECAM-1 expression as determined by Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. This was accompanied by enhanced transfer of both albumin and neutrophils across the monolayer. The results suggest that degradation of PECAM-1 by gingipains contributes to increased vascular permeability and neutrophil flux at disease sites.
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Sanderlin, R. S., and K. I. Heyderich-Alger. "Effects of Pecan Bacterial Leaf Scorch on Growth and Yield Components of Cultivar Cape Fear." Plant Disease 87, no. 3 (March 2003): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.3.259.
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Pecan bacterial leaf scorch (PBLS) recently was recognized to be caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. The objective of this work was to compare certain tree growth and yield components of trees with and without PBLS. The evaluations were made for 3 years (1999 to 2001) on the disease-sensitive cv. Cape Fear. At nut maturity (October) each year, the number of leaves and leaflets and the leaflet weight were significantly smaller on terminals from trees with leaf scorch than on terminals from trees not infected with X. fastidiosa. Similar amounts of defoliation occurred on bearing and nonbearing terminals. The symptomatic terminals averaged 58% fewer leaflets at the end of the growing season. The weight of terminals from diseased trees was significantly lower in 2 of the 3 years for nonbearing terminals compared with similar terminals from uninfected trees. Terminals of infected trees generally were not significantly shorter than terminals of uninfected trees. The weight of the nuts from terminals with leaf scorch was lower than the weight from uninfected trees each year. The primary effect was on kernel development, which averaged 16% lower weight. Phosphorus concentration was slightly but significantly lower in infected leaflets during October in three of six comparisons. There were no other consistent differences in the concentration of nine other elements in leaflets between diseased and uninfected terminals. PBLS is capable of causing economically significant yield reductions. Because the disease is chronic, the potential yield reduction over the life of a tree is large on disease-sensitive trees.
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Desenclos, J. C. "Vaccine preventable diseases: a regional surveillance can help improve data comparability between countries." Eurosurveillance 6, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.06.06.00203-en.
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The way that surveillance of a given disease is undertaken in Euro-pean countries varies greatly. Each study that has been undertaken on this subject so far has come to this conclusion, the variation between countries being related to many factors among which the organisation of the health care delivery plays a major role.
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Tamin, Susyana, and Duhita Yassi. "Penyakit kelenjar saliva dan peran sialoendoskopi untuk diagnostik dan terapi." Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana 41, no. 2 (December 1, 2011): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32637/orli.v41i2.45.
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Background: Human salivary glands could be prone to diseases. Special tools have been createdto diagnose the disease of the glands and with the advancement of technology, better instruments weredeveloped. Purpose: We present this literature review to share the knowledge of diagnostic and therapyin today’s management of salivary gland disease. Literature Review: Human salivary glands consistedof major and minor salivary glands which produce saliva. Salivary gland secretion is a process that involves cell synthesis and active transport. Salivary gland diseases are also associated with secretion process. Sialoendosopy can be use as diagnostic and therapeutics tool in salivary glands disease. As atherapeutic tool, sialoendoscopy has a role in stone fragmentation and extraction and also dilatation ofstenosis and stricture. Conclusion: Sialoendscopy has many advantages in diagnosis and treatment ofsalivary gland disease, but its employment is still limited because of the high price and required skilledand experienced operator. Key words: salivary gland, salivary gland disease, sialoendoscopy Abstrak : Latar belakang: Kelenjar saliva manusia tidak lepas dari gangguan penyakit. Beberapa alat telahditemukan untuk diagnosis penyakit ini dan dengan semakin berkembangnya teknologi, sangat diharapkanberkembang pula alat diagnosis yang lebih baik. Tujuan: dengan tulisan ini diharapkan dapat memperluaswawasan terhadap perangkat diagnostik dan terapi pada penyakit kelenjar saliva. Tinjauan Pustaka:Kelenjar saliva manusia terdiri dari kelenjar saliva mayor dan minor yang berperan untuk memroduksisaliva. Sekresi kelenjar saliva merupakan suatu proses yang melibatkan sintesis sel dan transpor aktif.Penyakit kelenjar saliva juga berhubungan dengan proses sekresi. Sialoendoskopi dapat digunakansebagai alat diagnostik maupun terapi pada penyakit kelenjar saliva. Sebagai alat terapi, sialoendoskopidapat berperan pada fragmentasi dan ekstraksi batu serta dilatasi stenosis dan striktur. Kesimpulan:Sialoendoskopi memiliki keunggulan dalam diagnosis dan terapi penyakit kelenjar saliva, namunpenggunaannya masih terbatas karena harganya yang mahal dan diperlukan operator yang trampil danberpengalaman. Kata kunci: kelenjar saliva, penyakit kelenjar saliva, sialoendoskopi
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Yuniasih, Lilis, and Marsiana Wibowo. "HUBUNGAN PERAN POS KESEHATAN PESANTREN DENGAN PENERAPAN PERSONAL HYGIENE SANTRI." Jurnal Cakrawala Promkes 2, no. 1 (March 14, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/promkes.v2i1.1776.
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Personal hygiene is one's effort to maintain cleanliness and health to obtain physical and psychological well-being. As many as 50% of students in Islamic boarding schools experience diseases related to personal hygiene including scabies and pediculosis capitis. Poskestren is a manifestation of community-based health efforts within the boarding school environment, with principles from, by and for pesantren residents, which prioritizes promotive and preventive services without neglecting the curative and rehabilitative arrangements with the development of local puskesmas. Thus the poskestren is one of the references in health development in Islamic boarding schools which should be able to overcome health problems. However, with the presence of the boarding school health post, diseases related to personal hygiene in Islamic Boarding School X, Bantul Regency have yet to be completely resolved. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between students' perceptions of the role of the boarding school health post with the personal hygiene of students in Islamic Boarding School X, Bantul Regency. This study uses an observational analytic method with a cross-sectional approach. The population of this study were all 56 students living in Islamic Boarding Schools X and the sampling technique used was total sampling. Respondents who met the criteria totalled 51 people. Data were analyzed by the Chi-square test. Statistical test results show that there was a relationship between promotive efforts with the application of students personal hygiene (ρ = 0,000) and there is no relationship between preventive efforts (ρ = 1,000), curative (ρ = 1,000), and rehabilitative (0.840) with the application of santri personal hygiene. There was a relationship between perception about the role of poskestren promotive efforts with the implementation of personal hygiene of students and there was no relationship between perception of the role of health post boarding school with the application of personal hygiene of students in Boarding school X, Bantul Regency
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Gao, Cunji, Weiyong Sun, Melpo Christofidou-Solomidou, Motoshi Sawada, Debra K. Newman, Carmen Bergom, Steven M. Albelda, Shigemi Matsuyama, and Peter J. Newman. "PECAM-1 functions as a specific and potent inhibitor of mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis." Blood 102, no. 1 (July 1, 2003): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-01-0003.
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Abstract Programmed cell death, or apoptosis, is a tightly regulated, naturally occurring process by which damaged or unwanted cells are removed. Dysregulated apoptosis has been implicated in a variety of pathophysiological conditions, including degenerative diseases, tissue remodeling, and tumorogenesis. The decision to live or die results from integration of numerous environmental signals transmitted by specific classes of cell surface receptors that bind hormones, growth factors, or components of the extracellular matrix. Here we show that platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), a homophilic-binding member of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) family of inhibitory receptors, functions prominently to inhibit apoptosis in naturally occurring vascular cells subjected to apoptotic stimuli. Murine endothelial cells and human T lymphocytes lacking PECAM-1 were found to be far more sensitive than their PECAM-1—expressing counterparts to multiple death signals that stimulate Bax, a multidomain, proapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family that plays a central role in mitochondrial dysfunction-dependent apoptosis. In addition, PECAM-1 markedly suppressed Bax overexpression—induced cytochrome c release, caspase activation, and nuclear fragmentation. Amino acid substitutions within PECAM-1's extracellular homophilic binding domain, or within its cytoplasmic ITIM, completely abolished PECAM-1—mediated cytoprotection. Taken together, these data implicate PECAM-1 as a novel and potent suppressor of Bax-mediated apoptosis and suggest that members of the immunoglobulin gene (Ig) superfamily, like cell surface integrins, may also transmit survival signals into blood and vascular cells. (Blood. 2003;102:169-179)
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Aldyza, Nadia, and Afkar ,. "Analisis Genus dan Penyakit Karang di Perairan Pulau Tuan Kecamatan Peukan Bada Kabupaten Aceh Besar." BIOTIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Teknologi dan Kependidikan 3, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/biotik.v3i2.1000.
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This study aims to determine the genus of coral and coral diseases in the coral reef ecosystem of Tuan Island Peukan Bada, Aceh Besar District. The data of coral genera were gathered by using point intercept transect method, whereas, the data of coral diseases were gathered by using survey method. The data were identified by using handbook and then analyzed descriptively. The results showed that there were 5 coral genera found in Tuan Island Pekan Bada namely: Acropora, Montipora, Pocillopora, Porites, and Goniastrea. Meanwhile, coral diseases that are found in Tuan Island were ulcerative white spots, growth anomalies of an unknown cause, sediment damage, alga overgrowth, pink line disease dan pigmentation responses. The conclusion of this study were (1) the coral reefs that were found in Tuan Island Peukan Bada, Aceh Besar District consisted of 5 genera, and (2) coral diseases in Tuan Island consisted of 6 types of diseases.
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Rijcken, Emile, Rudolf B. Mennigen, Sebastian D. Schaefer, Mike G. Laukoetter, Christoph Anthoni, Hans-Ullrich Spiegel, Matthias Bruewer, Norbert Senninger, and Christian F. Krieglstein. "PECAM-1 (CD 31) mediates transendothelial leukocyte migration in experimental colitis." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 293, no. 2 (August 2007): G446—G452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00097.2007.
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Transendothelial migration of circulating leukocytes into the colonic wall is a key step in the development of the inflammatory infiltrate in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 PECAM-1 (CD31) is expressed in the tight junction area of endothelial cells, where it is supposed to support the transmigration process. The aim of this study was to determine the role of PECAM-1 in experimental IBD and to show whether blockade of PECAM-1 has therapeutic effects. Chronic colitis was induced in female BALB/c mice by cyclic oral administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) 3% (wt/vol). Expression of PECAM-1 was visualized by immunohistochemistry. In the treatment group animals received 1 mg/kg anti-PECAM-1 (2H8) ip daily starting on day 26. On day 30 leukocyte adhesion and migration was measured during N2O-isoflurane anesthesia in the distal colon by intravital microscopy. Disease activity index (DAI), histology, and MPO levels were compared with healthy and diseased controls. PECAM-1 was expressed in colitic mice. Chronic DSS colitis was characterized by a marked increase in rolling, adherent, and transmigrated leukocytes compared with healthy controls. Immunoblockade of PECAM-1 reduced leukocyte transmigration significantly and also diminished leukocyte rolling and sticking in an indirect manner. It also resulted in a significantly diminished DAI and MPO levels, as well as an amelioration of the histological inflammation score. PECAM-1 plays an important role in transendothelial leukocyte migration in DSS colitis. PECAM-1 could be a novel target for antibody-based treatment in IBD.
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Rattan, V., C. Sultana, Y. Shen, and V. K. Kalra. "Oxidant stress-induced transendothelial migration of monocytes is linked to phosphorylation of PECAM-1." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 273, no. 3 (September 1997): E453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1997.273.3.e453.
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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are believed to cause vascular injury in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, diabetes, and vasoocclusion in sickle cell disease. Studies have shown that ROS causes increased adhesion of monocytes and neutrophils to the endothelium. We investigated the effects of tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BuOOH), an inducer of oxidant stress, to determine the cellular signaling pathway leading to the transendothelial migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Our studies revealed that signaling by t-BuOOH in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) causes a twofold increase in the transendothelial migration of monocyte-like HL-60 cells and a fivefold increase in platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) phosphorylation. The transmigration induced by t-BuOOH was inhibited by an antibody to PECAM-1. These events were inhibited by antioxidants and inhibitors of protein kinase C, p21ras and glutathione synthesis. However, treatment of HUVECs with the phosphatase inhibitor calyculin A augmented the t-BuOOH-mediated transendothelial migration of monocytes and PECAM-1 phosphorylation. Our results suggest that oxidative stress can induce the transendothelial migration of monocytes as a result of phosphorylation of PECAM-1, a crucial event in the diapedesis of leukocytes during pathophysiology of vascular diseases.
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Sumino, Sumino, Ishaaq Saputra, and Herman Mude. "PERAN CARA KARANTINA IKAN YANG BAIK (CKIB) DALAM PENCEGAHAN PENYAKIT VIRUS PADA UDANG VANAME (Litopenaeus vannamei) DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG." JURNAL ENGGANO 5, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 258–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jenggano.5.2.258-272.
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Provinsi Lampung merupakan salah satu wilayah penghasil udang vaname terbesar di Indonesia. Produktivitas udang vaname di Lampung mengalami pasang surut, salah satunya dikarenakan serangan penyakit golongan virus seperti WSSV, IHHNV dan IMNV. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi status penyebaran penyakit WSSV, IHHNV dan IMNV pada udang vaname dan mengevaluasi keefektifan penerapan Cara Karantina Ikan yang Baik (CKIB) dalam menekan penyebaran virus tersebut di Provinsi Lampung. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan pengumpulan data pengujian pada tahun 2019 yang berasal dari sampel umum, kegiatan pemantauan Penyakit Ikan Karantina (PIK) dan kegiatan CKIB, kemudian dilakukan analisa secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Provinsi Lampung masih terdapat penyakit virus udang yaitu WSSV, IHHNV dan WSSV yang tersebar di sentra budidaya udang vaname. Dari sejumlah 624 total sampel pengujian, sebanyak 8.97% positif terinfeksi penyakit virus. WSSV memiliki tingkat infeksi terbesar yaitu 58.9%. Sedangkan untuk IMNV dan IHHNV masing-masing sebesar 33.9% dan 7.1%. Berdasarkan asal sampel pengujian dapat diketahui bahwa sampel yang diperoleh dari pembudidaya yang telah menerapkan CKIB menunjukkan hasil negatif untuk ketiga jenis virus target tersebut. Hal tersebut memberikan gambaran bahwa dengan penerapan CKIB secara konsisten dapat mengurangi tingkat penyebaran penyakit virus pada budidaya udang vaname.ROLES OF GOOD QUARANTINE PRACTICES IN THE SPREAD OF VIRUS DISEASES OF VANNAMEI SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) IN PROVINCE OF LAMPUNG. Lampung is one of the largest whiteleg shrimp (L. vannamei) producers in Indonesia. Whiteleg shrimp productivity in Lampung has fluctuated, one of which is due to infectious by virus disease. This study evaluated the current status of WSSV, IHHNV and WSSV diseases in whiteleg shrimp cultivation and assesses the effectivity of CKIB implementation in preventing the outspread of the shrimp viral diseases in Lampung. In this study, data from general samples, diseases monitoring/surveillance and Good Quarantine Practices (GQP) activities in 2019 were collected and then analyzed descriptively. Here, were report the emergence of shrimp viral diseases, e.g. WSSV, IHHNV and WSSV, in whiteleg shrimp aquaculture in Lampung. Infected shrimp were found in 8.97% of 624 tested samples. WSSV has the highest infection rate (58.9%) and followed by IMNV and IHHNV (33.9% and 7.1%, respectively). The samples collected from whiteleg shrimp aquaculture centre that applied GQP showed negative viral disease infection. These results demonstrate that consistent application of GQP in whiteleg shrimp cultivation can prevent the spread of shrimp viral disease.
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Reschner, Hrvoje, Aleksandra Milutinovic, and Danijel Petrovič. "The PECAM-1 gene polymorphism — a genetic marker of myocardial infarction." Open Life Sciences 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-009-0042-0.
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AbstractWe investigated a possible association between the C373G (Leu125Val) polymorphism in the platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) and myocardial infarction (MI) among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in the Slovene population (Caucasians). The study population of this cross-sectional analysis consisted of 452 subjects with T2DM lasting more than 10 years: 142 patients with MI (MI group) and 310 patients (control group) with no history of coronary diseases. There were significant differences of PECAM-1 genotype distribution in patients with MI (CC=28.2%, CG=47.2% and GG=24.6%) compared with subjects in the control group (CC=17.1%, CG=53.5% and GG=29.4%). The multivariate model showed that the CC genotype of the PECAM-1 gene polymorphism (C373G) (OR=1.9, 95% CI 1.2–3.0, P=0.007) was an independent risk factor for MI. The C allele frequency was also significantly higher (P=0.005) in MI (51.8%) than in control subjects (41%). In addition, our study revealed the connection between smoking habits, the duration of diabetes and the total and LDL cholesterol serum levels and MI in Slovene T2DM patients. We suggest that the tested polymorphism of PECAM-1 (C373G) is associated with MI. Therefore, it might be used as genetic marker of MI in T2DM.
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Arwin, Leonardo, and Jihan Nur Pratiwi. "Peran Neuroprotektor Astaxanthin dalam Pencegahan Penyakit Alzheimer." Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan Jiwa 3, no. 1 (February 17, 2020): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32584/jikj.v3i1.469.
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Alzheimer merupakan penyakit neurodegeneratif yang terjadi secara bertahap dan progresif disebabkan oleh kematian sel neuron. Bertambahnya usia, cidera kepala traumatis, depresi, penyakit kardiovaskular dan serebrovaskular, usia orang tua yang lebih tinggi, merokok, riwayat keluarga demensia dapat meningkatkan risiko penyakit. Alzheimer tidak dapat disembuhkan, namun terdapat beberapa obat yang dapat mengatasi gejala simptomatis dari penyakit ini seperti inhibitor colinesterase dan N-metil D-aspartat (NMDA) parsial. Astaxanthin diketahui memiliki kandungan antioksidan dan antiinflamasi sepuluh kali lebih kuat dari kelompok karoten lain. Sehingga dapat menjadi neuroprotektor dengan meningkatkan pembersihan Aβ, melindungi viabilitas sel dari kerusakan yang disebabkan oleh Ab25-35, dan menghambat ekspresi IL-1b dan TNF-a. Tujuan dari tinjauan pustaka ini adalah untuk melaporkan temuan ilmiah terbaru tentang peran protektif dan kuratif astaxanthin pada otak manusia terhadap peradangan saraf, stres oksidatif dan, lebih umum, pada efek menguntungkan bagi pasien dengan gangguan neurodegeneratif seperti Alzheimer. Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah penelusuran artikel melaui database NCBI dan Google Scholar. Tahun penerbitan sumber pustaka adalah dari tahun 1997 sampai tahun 2019 dengan 24 sumber pustaka. Tema yang dikumpulkan terkait dengan mekanisme neuroprotektor astaxanthin terhadap Alzheimer. Hasil dari sintesis artikel yang telah ditemukan yaitu astaxanthin dapat mencegah kerusakans sel otak sebagai pencegahan Alzheimer. Kata kunci: alzheimer, astaxanthin, neuroprotektor THE ROLE OF NEUROPROTECTOR ASTAXANTHIN AGAINST ALZHEIMER DISEASE ABSTRACTAlzheimer's is a neurodegenerative disease that occurs gradually and progressively caused by neuronal cell death. Increasing age, traumatic head injury, depression, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, higher age of parents, smoking, family history of dementia can increase disease. Alzheimer's cannot be cured, but there are some drugs that can overcome the symptomatic of this disease such as colinesterase inhibitors and partial N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA). astaxanthin has higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties than other carotene groups. Can be used as a neuroprotector by increasing Aβ regulation, protecting cell viability from damage caused by Ab25-35, and inhibiting the repair of IL-1b and TNF-a. The purpose of this literature evaluation is to report the latest scientific findings on the protective and curative role of astaxanthin in the human brain against nerve inflammation, oxidative stress and, more generally, on beneficial effects for patients with neurodegeneratives such as Alzheimer's. The method used in this article is article searching through the NCBI database and Google Scholar. Last year the library sources were from 1997 to 2019 with 24 library sources. The theme collected is related to the astaxanthin neuroprotector transition to Alzheimer's. The results of the synthesis of articles that have been found is that astaxanthin can prevent brain cell damage as against Alzheimer's. Keywords: alzheimer, astaxanthin, neuroprotector
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Farrugia, C., G. P. Stafford, and C. Murdoch. "Porphyromonas gingivalis Outer Membrane Vesicles Increase Vascular Permeability." Journal of Dental Research 99, no. 13 (July 29, 2020): 1494–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034520943187.
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Periodontitis is increasingly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and other systemic diseases. The Gram-negative anaerobe, Porphyromonas gingivalis, is a key periodontal pathogen, and several lines of evidence link the presence of this bacterium in the circulation with vascular disease. The outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) produced by P. gingivalis have been shown to play a role in periodontitis, although, to date, little is known about their interaction with the vasculature; therefore, this study assessed the effects of P. gingivalis OMVs on the endothelium. OMVs were isolated from wild-type strain W83 and the gingipain-deficient strain ΔK/R-ab. Immunoblotting along with cryo-EM showed gingipain expression in W83 but not ΔK/R-ab-derived OMVs, where gingipains were localized to the cell wall surface. Confluent endothelial cell monolayers infected with either W83 or W83-derived OMV displayed significantly increased dextran permeability over those infected with ΔK/R-ab or its OMV. Moreover, W83-derived OMVs induced significantly more vascular disease in a zebrafish larvae systemic infection model over 72 h compared to those injected with gingipain-deficient OMVs or controls. In line with these data, human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) displayed an OMV-associated, gingipain-dependent decrease in cell surface levels of the intercellular adhesion molecule PECAM-1 (CD31) when examined by flow cytometry. These data show, for the first time, that OMVs from P. gingivalis mediate increased vascular permeability, leading to a diseased phenotype both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, these data strongly implicate gingipains present on the OMV surface in mediating these vascular events, most likely via a mechanism that involves proteolytic cleavage of endothelial cell-cell adhesins such as PECAM-1. These data provide important evidence for the role of bacterial-derived OMVs in mediating systemic disease.
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Kriswanto, Yanuarius Jefri. "PERAN MUSIK SEBAGAI MEDIA INTERVENSI DALAM LINGKUP PRAKTIK KLINIS." IKONIK : Jurnal Seni dan Desain 2, no. 2 (July 29, 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.51804/ijsd.v2i2.737.
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Banyak ahli dan pakar psikologi meneliti peran musik terhadap proses penyembuhan pada praktik klinis untuk berbagai macam penyakit. Dewasa ini musik dan elemen yang terkandung di dalamnya sering digunakan sebagai media intervensi selama proses penyembuhan medis berlangsung. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana musik dapat berperan sebagai media intervensi dalam praktik klinis. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi pustaka dengan memanfaatkan jurnal online, buku serta disertasi. Hasilnya adalah musik sebagai media intervensi ternyata sangat membantu dalam pasien mengatasi rasa takut, cemas, dan nyeri baik sebelum, selama, dan setelah proses perawatan medis berlangsung. Lebih dari itu, Intervensi musik pada pasien terbukti dapat membangun rasa percaya diri serta memunculkan energi positif dari hasil pengalaman menyenangkan yang telah dialami sebelumnya. Hal ini tentunya sangat baik untuk memajukan kualitas hidup dan kesejahteraan psikologis pasien.Many experts and psychologists examine how big music is taking a role in the healing process in clinical practice for various diseases. Nowdays music and the elements contained in it are often used as a medium of intervention during the medical healing process. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which music can act as a medium of intervention in clinical practices. The methodology used in this research is literature approach by utilizing online journals, books, and dissertations. The result is music as an intervention media is very helpful in patients in order to overcome fear, anxiety, and pain both before, during, and after the medical treatment process. More than that, music intervention in patients is proven to build self-confidence and generate positive energy which are coming from their pleasant experiences they feel before. This is certainly very good for advancing the quality of life and psychological well-beeing of them.
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Tiwari, Raksha, J. Sullivan, and C. J. Czuprynski. "PECAM-1 is involved in neutrophil transmigration across Histophilus somni treated bovine brain endothelial cells." Microbial Pathogenesis 47, no. 3 (September 2009): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2009.06.001.
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Damatun, Marlina ,., Ventje V. Rantung, and Melsje Y. Memah. "PERAN TENAGA KERJA WANITA DALAM USAHATANI HORTIKULTURA DI KELURAHAN WAILAN, TOMOHON UTARA, KOTA TOMOHON." AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI 13, no. 1A (April 21, 2017): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/agrsosek.13.1a.2017.15615.
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This study aims to determine of women workers in the horticultural farm in the Village Wailan. The research was conducted in November 2016 to April 2017, from preparation to preparation of the report. The data used primary data and secondary data. This research was conducted with a purposive sampling technique, the number of samples taken by 30 respondents. The data were analyzed descriptively presented in table form. The results showed that the working hours of women at Harvest activity of 2.56 hours / day, planting 1.7 hours / day, tillage 1.66 hours / day, weeding 0.46 hours / day, nursery 0.4 hours / day , fertilization 0.26 hours / day and control of pests and diseases 0 hours / day.
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Wati, Catur Ambar. "Peran Leptin Terhadap Tes Toleransi Glukosa Oral pada Penderita DM Tipe 2." Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 753–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35816/jiskh.v12i2.392.
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Background: DM is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia that occurs due to abnormal insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Symptoms that are complained of in diabetes mellitus sufferers are polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, weight loss, and tingling sensation. The oral glucose tolerance test is a test used to diagnose DM when the blood glucose level is less firm, during pregnancy, or to screen for DM or TGT. Leptin is a hormone produced by fat cells that regulate fat storage in the body and adjusts hunger to energy expenditure. Objective: to find out more about the role of leptin on TTGO in people with Type 2 diabetes. Methods: using literature studies from both national and international journals to increase knowledge and understanding of the topics discussed by summarizing the discussion topics and comparing the results presented in the article. Results: Leptin on TTGO examination in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance had a greater chance of becoming diabetes mellitus if there was no intervention in their lifestyle. Conclusion: Leptin plays a role in checking TTGO in people with Type 2 diabetes
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Aji, Rustam. "PERAN PERAWAT PUSKESMAS DALAM PENANGGULANGAN JENTIK AEDES AEGYPTI PADA TPA." JURNAL MEDIA KESEHATAN 9, no. 1 (November 15, 2018): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33088/jmk.v9i1.290.
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The role of nurses in health worker empowerment, to combat theAedesAegypti mosquito density through organized community efforts throughenvironment.Peran sanitation sanitation workers is very important to optimize cadresjumantik to reduce morbidity, the incidence of dengue fever. The purpose of this studywas to determine the characteristics of the informer Age, Gender, Education andEmployment, retrieval and processing of data from July 24 until October 24, 2015,population and samples were taken to the informer officers in puskesmas perumnasinclude: Head of Unit, Coordinator of dengue hemorrhagic fever, Clinical instructor,eradication of communicable diseases, sanitation also involve self-employed. The place ofresearch in Puskesmas Batu Galing Village Housing, type of qualitative researchphenomenological approach, information was collected through in-depth interviews at 6informants. Test the validity of the triangulation of sources, methods and investigator,aims to describe the role of nurses in the health center health worker empowerment forprevention of Aedes aegypti larvae density on water reservoirs. Three informants (49.5%)with health education, four informants (66.0%), reported to the Health Department forfogging, four informants (66.0%), to provide counseling, use of abate, four informants(66.0% ), carry out the drain, closing and hoarding (3 M) + Plus, 1-week evaluationinformer informant 1 and 2 (33.0%), respectively 1 of 6 informants (16.5% with healtheducation, mutual cooperation , larva survey each quarter, draining water reservoirs,overseeing larvae in water reservoirs, once a week. Suggested for Preventing thedevelopment of mosquito larvae by draining water reservoirs, mutual assistance, andcounseling Aedes Aegypti mosquito eradication and prevention of dengue fever, the nursesanitation, health cadre active role in the dissemination of information and motivation tothe community.
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Aji, Rustam. "PERAN PERAWAT PUSKESMAS DALAM PENANGGULANGAN JENTIK AEDES AEGYPTI PADA TPA." JURNAL MEDIA KESEHATAN 9, no. 1 (November 15, 2018): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33088/jmk.v9i1.290.
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The role of nurses in health worker empowerment, to combat theAedesAegypti mosquito density through organized community efforts throughenvironment.Peran sanitation sanitation workers is very important to optimize cadresjumantik to reduce morbidity, the incidence of dengue fever. The purpose of this studywas to determine the characteristics of the informer Age, Gender, Education andEmployment, retrieval and processing of data from July 24 until October 24, 2015,population and samples were taken to the informer officers in puskesmas perumnasinclude: Head of Unit, Coordinator of dengue hemorrhagic fever, Clinical instructor,eradication of communicable diseases, sanitation also involve self-employed. The place ofresearch in Puskesmas Batu Galing Village Housing, type of qualitative researchphenomenological approach, information was collected through in-depth interviews at 6informants. Test the validity of the triangulation of sources, methods and investigator,aims to describe the role of nurses in the health center health worker empowerment forprevention of Aedes aegypti larvae density on water reservoirs. Three informants (49.5%)with health education, four informants (66.0%), reported to the Health Department forfogging, four informants (66.0%), to provide counseling, use of abate, four informants(66.0% ), carry out the drain, closing and hoarding (3 M) + Plus, 1-week evaluationinformer informant 1 and 2 (33.0%), respectively 1 of 6 informants (16.5% with healtheducation, mutual cooperation , larva survey each quarter, draining water reservoirs,overseeing larvae in water reservoirs, once a week. Suggested for Preventing thedevelopment of mosquito larvae by draining water reservoirs, mutual assistance, andcounseling Aedes Aegypti mosquito eradication and prevention of dengue fever, the nursesanitation, health cadre active role in the dissemination of information and motivation tothe community.
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Amin, Husna. "PERAN TOKOH MASYARAKAT DALAM MENGATASI PRAKTIK MAGI HITAM DI SIMEULUE." Abrahamic Religions: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama 1, no. 1 (April 27, 2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/arj.v1i1.9481.
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Black Magi is a practice that uses supernatural powers for nefarious purposes. The practice of Black Magi is usually directed at others for various reasons, such as feelings of revenge, hate or for failing to have a girl, or simply testing the power of Black Magi science that a person who practices it has. The practice of Black Magi is usually intended to harm others, both physically and mentally. If a person is exposed to Black Magi, it can suddenly go crazy, the stomach enlarges, even until the body blisters, until it emits a foul smell and blood. The disease if it has been hit is difficult to cure. Diseases that are unpretentiously created by using the devil as a source of strength, it is very difficult to cure, so many are sick to chronic, even to death. The phenomenon of Black Magi practice is still found in Central Simeulue Subdistrict, Simeulue Regency, especially in Luan Sorip, Lauke, and Situfa Jaya Villages. the author is interested in further reviewing this. The study tries to explore how public figures view the practice of Black Magi and what efforts have been made to address it. This study is the result of field research using phenomenological approach. The data was obtained by direct observation and in-depth interviews with several community leaders, especially the victims' families. The results of this study are expected to find solutive alternatives that can be offered to the public, so that the Black Magi can at least be bridged, if it can not be eliminated.
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MASRUROH, SHOFI DIENI. "PERAN DAN MOTIVASI KADER DALAM PELAKSANAAN KELURAHAN SIAGA AKTIF WONOKROMO SURABAYA ROLE AND MOTIVATION OF CADRES IN ACTIVE ALERT VILLAGE (KELURAHAN) WONOKROMO." Jurnal PROMKES 6, no. 2 (December 12, 2018): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jpk.v6.i2.2018.129-141.
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Active alert village (kelurahan) is a phenomenon of community that is aware, willing and able to prevent and overcome various threats to public health such as malnutrition, infectious diseases and diseases occurring incidents of extraordinary occurrences diseases, the presence of disasters, accidents and others. The role of the community in mobilizing local potency, got to help and support each other, Active alert village (kelurahan) development covers efforts to bring the basic health service to the village (kelurahan) community closer, make the society ready to encounter any health problem, increasing society independence in developing behavior clean and healthy life. Active alert village (kelurahan) is very needed to mobilize community,observe health problems in village (kelurahan), conduct environmental health program, improving maternal, infant and toddlers health, and prepare the community to encounter disasters. The purpose of this study is to know the description of the role and motivation of cadres in the implementation of Active Alert Village Wonokromo. This research is a descriptive qualitative research with phenomenology approach. The research was conducted in Wonokromo Village(kelurahan), Wonokromo Sub-District, Surabaya City. Subjects were taken purposively as many as 5 people. The inclusion criteria of the subject are the cadres of the active alert village(kelurahan) Wonokromo and community who participated in the activities of UKBM in Wonokromo Village(kelurahan). Cadres have a role as companion, accelerator of change (enabler), mediator, educator, planner, advocate, technical implementer and motivator for society. The role of this cadre can be done well because of the motivation of the cadres. This motivation be affected by intrinsic factor due to the sense of responsibility, desire to achieve and the sense of want to be appreciated as cadre. For extrinsic factor, there are social support from family, friends, stakeholders, public helath service (puskesmas) and private sector.Keyword: The Role of Caders, Motivation, Active alert Village (Kelurahan), Wonokromo, Surabaya Abstrak: Desa/Kelurahan Siaga merupakan gambaran masyarakat yang sadar, mau dan mampu untuk mencegah dan mengatasi berbagai ancaman terhadap kesehatan masyarakat seperti kurang gizi, penyakit menular dan penyakit yang berpotensi menimbulkan Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB), adanya bencana, kecelakaan dan lainnya. Adanya peran masyarakat dalam memanfaatkan potensi setempat, secara gotong royong, Pengembangan Desa/Kelurahan Siaga mencakup upaya untuk lebih mendekatkan pelayanan kesehatan dasar kepada masyarakat desa, mensiapsiagakan masyarakat menghadapi berbagai masalah kesehatan, meningkatkan kemandirian masyarakat dalam mengembangkan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat. Peran kader dalam pengembangan Desa/Kelurahan Siaga sangat dibutuhkan terutama dalam menggerakkan masyarakat, pengamatan terhadap berbagai masalah kesehatan didesa, peningkatan upaya kesehatan lingkungan, peningkatan kesehatan ibu, bayi dan balita, dan mempersiapkan masyarakat untuk menghadapi bencana. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran peran dan motivasi kader dalam pelaksanaan Kelurahan Siaga Aktif Wonokromo. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Penelitian dilakukan di Kelurahan Wonokromo, Kecamatan Wonokromo, Kota Surabaya. Subjek diambil secara purposive sebanyak 5 orang. Kriteria inklusi subjek adalah ibu kader Kelurahan Siaga Aktif Wonokromo dan masyarakat yang mengikuti kegiatan UKBM di Kelurahan Wonokromo. Kader memiliki beberapa peran dalam program Kelurahan Siaga Aktif antara lain sebagai pedamping dan penggerak, Pemercepat perubahan (enabler), perantara (mediator), pendidik, Perencana, melakukan advokasi, pelaksana teknis dan motivator bagi masyarakat. Peran kader ini dapat dilakukan dengan baik karena adanya motivasi dari para kader. Motivasi ini dipengaruhi oleh faktor intrinsik yaitu adanya rasa tanggung jawab, ingin meraih pretasi dan adanya rasa dihargai terlibat menjadi kader. Pada faktor ekstrinsik yaitu adanya dukungan sosial dari keluarga, teman, stakeholder, puskesmas dan pihak swasta. Kata Kunci: Peran Kader, Motivasi, Kelurahan Siaga Aktif, Wonokromo, Surabaya
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Mustika, Indria Puti, and Ahmad Wibisana. "PERAN MUTASI GEN ACY II TERHADAP PRODUKSI ANTIBIOTIK SEFALOSPORIN." Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jbbi.v4i2.2272.
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The Roles of AcyII Gene Mutations for Production of Antibiotics Derived From CephalosporinSemisynthetic antibiotics cephalosporins are widely used to treat infectious diseases, especially those caused by gram-negative bacteria. Various types of semisynthetic antibiotics could be synthesized using 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) as the main raw material. 7-ACA is obtained by conversion of cephalosporin C, either chemically or enzymatically. Converting cephalosporin C to 7-ACA enzymatically in one step involves the cephalosporin acylase enzyme. Currently, all of cefalosporin acylase enzymes produced by wild-type microbes have only high activity on glutaryl-7-ACA as the main substrate. Genetic engineering of the encoding gene of cefalosporin acylase is required to obtain recombinant enzyme having high activity on cephalosporin C. In this paper, the engineering attempts made on acyII gene from Pseudomonas SE83 using directed mutagenesis, error prone PCR, and structural modeling are described. Keywords: AcyII gene, cephalosporin, cephalosporin C acylase, enzyme activity, mutation ABSTRAKAntibiotik sefalosporin semisintetik banyak digunakan untuk mengatasi penyakit infeksi, khususnya yang ditimbulkan oleh bakteri gram negatif. Berbagai jenis antibiotik semisintetk dapat disintesis menggunakan senyawa asam 7-aminosefalosporanat (7-ACA) sebagai bahan baku utamanya. Senyawa 7-ACA diperoleh melalui konversi sefalosporin C, baik yang dilakukan secara kimiawi maupun enzimatis. Konversi sefalosporin C menjadi 7-ACA secara enzimatis dalam satu langkah melibatkan enzim sefalosporin asilase. Hingga saat ini, seluruh enzim sefalosporin asilase yang dihasilkan oleh mikroba wild type hanya mempunyai aktifitas yang tinggi terhadap glutaryl-7-ACA. Rekayasa genetik terhadap gen pengkode enzim sefalosporin asilase diperlukan untuk memperoleh enzim rekombinan yang mempunyai aktifitas tinggi terhadap substrat sefalosporin C. Dalam ulasan ini diuraikan upaya-upaya rekayasa yang telah dilakukan terhadap gen acyII dari Pseudomonas SE83 menggunakan teknik mutasi terarah, error prone PCR, dan pemodelan struktur.Kata kunci: Aktivitas enzim, gen acyII, mutasi, sefalosporin, sefalosporin C asilase Received: 14September 2017 Accepted: 19 December 2017 Published: 30 December 2017 Received: 14September 2017 Accepted: 19 December 2017 Published: 30 December 2017
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Daposang, Eva Sartika, and Atin Juniati. "KETEPATAN PEMBERIAN ANTIBIOTIK PADA PASIEN ISPA BAGIAN ATAS DI PUSKESMAS PEKAN LABUHAN MEDAN PADA BULAN JANUARI – JUNI 2017." BIOLINK (Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan, Industri, Kesehatan) 5, no. 1 (August 8, 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/biolink.v5i1.1697.
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<p><em>Acute respiratory tract infection is one of the diseases that attack the main chanel of the raspiration of the nose, alveoli, andeksana, sinus, middle ear cavity and pleura. Acute infection is an infection that lasts for a 14 day time limit. This study aims to determine the accuracy of antibiotics in patients with URI in public health center Pekan Labuhan Medan is in accordance or not in accordance with the basic treatment guidelines in public health center 2007. Administration of antibiotics based on diagnosis of upper respiratory infection patients at Public Health Center Pekan Labuhan Medan of 93,2% there is not yet according to basic treatment guidance in Public Health Center 2007 which is set. Such discrepancies include the type of antibiotics and the suitability of the indication of administration.</em><br /></p>
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Assa, Pingkan ,., Ribka M. Kumaat, and Paulus A. Pangemanan. "PERAN TENAGA KERJA WANITA DALAM KEGIATAN USAHATANI KACANG TANAH DI DESA KANONANG, KECAMATAN KAWANGKOAN BARAT." AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI 13, no. 2A (August 3, 2017): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/agrsosek.13.2a.2017.16880.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this research is to know the role of women farmer in peanut farming activity. This research was carried out for two months from May until June 2017. Samples were taken as many as 20 respondents (Survey Sampling), each village was taken 5 respondents: on Kanonang 1 Village, Kanonang 2 Village, Kanonang 4 Village, and Kanonang 5 Village at Kawangkoan Barat District. The data collected in this study through interviews and presented descriptively in tabular form. The role of female laborers is seen from the peak time of women work in peanut farming is highest in weeding activity, second harvest, third post harvest, fourth marketing, fifth planting, six tillage, seventh seed selection. Women are not play role on fertilization and pest control of diseases.