Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pêche commerciale'
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Lleres, Bernard. "La pêche piroguière maritime au Sénégal : son évolution, son introduction dans l'économie de marché." Bordeaux 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR30044.
Full textIn a poor country, where agriculture is in serious trouble, fishing comes as a much needed source of protein and income. Senegalese fishing has two parts : an industrial sector linked to foreign capital and an artisanal sector deeply rooted in tradition. In the artisanal sector, fishing by canoe is gradually moving into the free market where it is adjusting remarkably. Senegalese waters, renewed by deep mineral-salt-rich currents that rise to the surface (upwelling phenomenon), have been fished since the neolithic age. Up until the turn of 20th century, fishing using rudimentary techniques adequately met the limited food needs of the few seaside communities and provided a means of exchange with the interior. Since then, increased domestic demand (due to population growth and mass movement to urban areas), then foreign demand have stimulated the development of canoe fishing. Outboard motors, new and more efficient techniques and machinery have sparked a boom in artisanal fishing. However, these new techniques have brought about noticeable changes in the social organization of fishermen. Everywhere, traditional community structures and practices are disappearing, yet "modern" collective organizations are note successfully replacing them. Rather individualism and the search for quick profit dominate. And if concern with maintaining a natural ecological balance is declaimed in official speeches, this equilibrium is not to be found in everyday life. With more and more intensive fishing, the depleted fish stock augurs a rather gloomy future
Nam, Samba. "Societe et economie de la peche maritime au senegal." Toulouse 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU20070.
Full textSenegalese economy is stiffled by the fimsiness of its food cover and the competitive action on pea nut and phosphate on the international market-however the senegalese coast is abounding in fish and its fishing activity is a strong one. This activity which supplies the country with food also creates employment and secures foreign currency. Two different types of fishing can be found : - artisanal fishing is organised by fishermen communities of sea culture and tradition who are settled along the coast. Its purpose is to answer domestic needs. - industrial fishing - based in dakar - must lead to setting the balance of trade. - fishermen, government, senegalese society and economy are all highly concerned by fishing
Rabarison, Andriamirado Guy-Arthur. "Les captures secondaires et les rejets de la pêche à la crevette Penaeus Notialis Perez-Farfante, au Sénégal : Régimes alimentaires et relations trophiques." Brest, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BRES2027.
Full textNurhakim, Subhat. "Biologie et dynamique du Banyar Rastrelliger kanagurta (téléostéen - Scombridae) dans la pêcherie des grands senneurs en mer de Java." Brest, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BRES2018.
Full textBoyer, Chammard-Bangratz Augustin. "Perspectives de la pêche commerciale dans l'Arctique : Eldorado ou richesse unique à protéger?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30058/30058.pdf.
Full textAccording to climate change and retreat of sea ice, Arctic becomes progressively opened to human activities which include commercial fishing and marine biological resources should have negative consequences for Arctic marine ecosystems. It seems relevant to analyze political and economic actor’s strategy and their interplay within the framework of commercial fishing and to understand their wishes to develop this commercial activity within the framework of sustainable development. Based on national, international and subnational statistics, a questionnaire was sent to fishing companies, meetings with federal and territorial ministries, management boards and other arctic coastal states. I would like to understand the development of commercial fishing and sustainable fishing evolution in Canadian Arctic and Arctic high sea. The wishes of economic and political actors to exploit fish stocks are incontestable but some technical, scientific, economic and legal obstacles limit commercial fishing expansion and increasing. In Canadian Arctic, disagreements between southern and northern fishers regarding resources exploitation, lack of scientific knowledge and infrastructures, and low productivity suggests that commercial fishing is limited in Baffin Bay. Within Arctic Ocean, different strategies of Arctic coastal states and low commercial fishing perspectives do not encourage a sustainable framework of commercial fishing. However, precautionary principles request commercial fishing framework implementation before sea ice retreat allows a commercial fishing beginning. So, we are not witnessing a race to fishing Eldorado nor a ban of Arctic fishing. Fishing perspectives are low and commercial fishing development is slow but commercial fishing sustainability is not ensured. Keywords: Arctic, climate change, comanagement, commercial fishing, governance, Regional Fishing Management, sustainable development
Amanajas, Claudio Chaves. "Contribution à la préparation de concentré protéique de poissons gras en vue de résoudre le problème du faux-poisson de la pêche de crevettes sur les côtes nord-brésiliennes : recherche sur l'extraction d'eau et d'huile par solvants." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT008A.
Full textTosello-Bancal, François. "L'évolution de la pêche de la sardine sur le littoral français." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040010.
Full textThe European pilchard (sardina pilchardus walbaum) was plentifully fished, in France, during the past century; mainly along the coasts of south Brittany and Vendée. In 1910, they counted up to 37 maritime quarters with 84 ports, to fish the pilchard. There were also about 188 canning factories to work the pilchard. Today, there are no more than 13 maritime quarters with 25 ports, to fish this species and 25 canning factories working the pilchard. Atlantic production overtook the Mediterranean one before 1960. Since this date, the tendency reversed. The aim of this thesis is the study of different factors (biology, economy, catching techniques, etc. ) Explaining this evolution, or else, the decline of the pilchard-fishing in France. It also wants to show the real situation of this activity, in France, in this end of the twentieth century
Marsac, Francis. "Etude des relations entre l'hydroclimat et la pêche thonière hauturière tropicale dans l'océan Indien occidental." Brest, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BRES2027.
Full textLacasse, Johanne. "La mécanisation de la pêche commerciale à Notre-Dame-de-Pierreville : évolution du geste traditionnel." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29326.
Full textCharneau, Dominique. "La dynamique de la filière française du thon depuis 1945 : internationalisation et compétitivité." Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR1D036.
Full textThe development of the french tuna industry since 1945 is analysed. The tuna industry's dynamic is characterized by two movements: internationalization and competitiveness, the result of this internationalization. The internationalization process, which began with the tropical fisheries exploitation, is first described for each segment of market involvement (harvesting, transshipment, processing, distribution and trading). His role in the activities' growth is examined and a preliminary analysis of the causes is set out. In a second part, the internationalization process is analysed as a necessary expediency to the competitive adaptation of this industry. The recent developments of international economics and of industrial economics are applied. The role of nation states in research into competitiveness and in the internationalization process is explained. Finally, the question of global integration of the tuna industry as well as the middle term stakes for the french tuna industry in this integration is discussed
Ould, El Kettab Mustapha. "La pêcherie des gadidés de mer celtique : description, analyse de l'exploitation et évaluation des stocks : tentative de gestion par un modèle bioéconomique." Brest, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BRES2019.
Full textDelaire, Étienne. "Le rôle structurant du froid dans le milieu de la pêche en France 1850-1960." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2059.
Full textThis thesis describes the cold structuring role in fisheries, primarily in France, for the period between 1900 to 1960 and leads us to study the chain of the processing industries of the fishes products, in all aspects. In all the activities of fishing, catching, transformation and marketing, the product conservation and/or transformation and their properties maintenance like food or as raw material for industry are of primary importance. The fishery products must thus receive the same attentions and precautions as of their capture that if they were intended to be consumed as fresh. The fishing industry uses throughout the studied period the cold to develop the study course, making it possible to reduce the losses after capture and the energy consumption by privileging the catching function compared to the transporting function, imposed by the distance of fishing places in the halieutic system. In the second part, the study of a particular technical course , the tuna fisheries, will show how the cold, by its capacity to abolish the distances concerning the conservation of the catches, was structuring. The specific techniques used in these types of transformation is related within food technology domain, and we will study which incidences had, for fisheries, the industrial cold development in the networks of production, storage, transformation and distribution of fish
Fritsch, Manon. "Traits biologiques et exploitation du bar commun Dicentrarchus labrax (L. ) dans les pêcheries françaises de la Manche et du golfe de Gascogne." Brest, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BRES2023.
Full textSea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (Linné, 1758) is a fish of major interest in France and in the British Isles. It is the main target species for some anglers and a growing number of professional fishermen. In spite of this, the reproduction of sea bass in natural environment, the identification of its populations, as well as the fleet participating to and the level of its exploitation are poorly known. Thus, in the perspective of a future management of the bass fisheries, this thesis collected required data for the analysis of the sea bass resource in the English Channel and the Bay of Biscay. A first chapter describes to the principal biological and ecological characteristics of Dicentrarchus labrax. The five following chapters deal successively with: (i) the sexual ripening of the English Channel females and their spawning progress during the reproductive season; (ii) the identification of the sea bass populations in the English Channel and the Bay of Biscay, from genetic (microsatellite loci) and tagging data; (iii) the recreational and professional fishermen who target this species in the same area; (iv) its exploitation by these fishermen; and finally (v) the current state of sea bass stocks
Sfair, Sunyé Patricia. "Effet de la variabilité climatique régionale sur la pêche de la sardinelle le long de la côte sud-est du Brésil (1964-1993)." Brest, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BRES2007.
Full textRamos, Miranda Julia. "Biologie, écologie, exploitation de la crevette blanche Litopenaeus setiferus en campèche, Mexique." Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES2052.
Full textNascimento, Joana do. "Pêche récréative ou commerciale : quel impact sur les stocks d'étrilles (Necora puber) européens ? : une approche de génétique de la conservation." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LAROS392/document.
Full textNowadays, population expansion and human growing needs in term of services provided by ecosystems biodiversity has become one of the major issues of conservation biology. Fisheries development and the resulting over-exploitation of marine species are heavily impacting marine resources and can furthermore lead to a genetic diversity tumble undermining species adaptive abilities. The GIPREOL transdisciplinary program, conducted by the University of La Rochelle and IODDE partnership, intends on measuring the consequences of coastal development and providing an accordingly suitable and sustainable management plan for the Marennes-Oléron territory. Our study focuses on the velvet swimming crab (Necora puber), a decapod crustacean highly targeted by both professional and recreational fisheries. In order to assess the impacts of such exploitation on Necora puber populations along the eastern coasts of Europe, we analyse the genetic polymorphism of the COI mitochondrial gene and 10 microsatellites loci from 29 European sites with contrasted degrees of anthropogenic pressures. Our results depicted a clear signature of recent demographic expansion from the last glacial maximum of the Pleistocene era combined with an overall low polymorphism. As for the genetic structure within the zone, microsatellites markers revealed a recent differentiation of populations, raising issues concerning the velvet swimming crab European populations future. Lastly, the dispersal abilities of the species were investigated and showed a significant dispersal potential over large distances
Cariño, Micheline. "Les mines marines du golfe de Californie : histoire de la région de La Paz à la lumière des perles." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0096.
Full textSince the arrival of the spaniards in 1533, and most of all during the 19th and the 20th centuries, the gulf of california was one of the most famous pearling regions of the world because the beauty of its pearls and the excellent quality of its nacre. In the history of the lower california, and especially in the historical region of la paz, the pearls oysters exploitation has been one of the principal sources of well being. We have distinguished five periods between 1500 and 1940 considering the influence that the pearling activities have had in the regional history. Between 1533 and 1696, pearl fishing has been the principal motivation of exploration and demarcation of the lower california coasts. At the middle of the 18th century this activity have financed the mining exploitation and the settlement of the civilian population. From 1830 to 1873 the pearling exploitation has been done in a middle scale and its principal results was the augmentation of la paz population and the intensification of local trade and employment. From 1874 the scaphander introduction has intensify the pearl oyster fishing. The big scale pearl oysters exploitation had consequences in the regional economy, society, politic and ecology. Local capital accumulation was also an important consequence. In 1903, the pearl oyster massive culture has been innovated and it allowed the intense exploitation of the natural resource until 1914. In the last period of fishing and trade of nacre and pearls (1915-1940) pearl fishing was allowed to everybody and the resource had an irrational exploitation. The end of pearl oyster activities has brought an important economic and social regional recession
Cuende, François-Xavier. "Contributions à l'étude de la pêche professionnelle du saumon (Salmo salar L. ) dans le bassin de l'Adour (France) : histoire et actualité de la pêche professionnelle : évolution des caractéristiques démographiques et pondérales des stocks capturés : relations entre captures et l'hydroclimat." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT015A.
Full textBaron, Guy. "Approche géographique de l'Arc Atlantique à travers l'activité portuaire : commerciale et industrielle." Nantes, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NANT3028.
Full textAtlantic arc is a regional cooperation space. The maritime difficulty for Atlantic arc is the enormous traffic through northern range and liberalisation of transport. The peripherality of a large country with a community of difficulties (civil & military shipbuilding for example, maritime transport in small ports. . ) is the topic of the study. Structurals funds and new organization of harbour with an english model change configuration of transport with privatisation of post terminals nodal point of logistic link. Traditions of trade are different in the north and south of the arc. (North America for english harbour and South America for portuguese and spanish ports). The thesis propose the concept of inverted arc
Benestan, Laura, and Laura Benestan. "La génomique, un outil de gestion prometteur pour la gestion des pêches : le cas du homard d’Amérique, Homarus americanus, dans l’Est du Canada." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27624.
Full textLe homard d’Amérique, Homarus americanus, supporte la pêche commerciale la plus importante dans l’Est du Canada et est donc devenue une espèce prioritaire en terme de gestion et de conservation. Cette thèse vise à acquérir des connaissances importantes sur la reproduction et l’adaptation locale des populations de H. americanus à l’aide d’une approche pluridisplinaire alliant génomique des populations et écologie marine. Dans un premier temps, nous avons cherché à définir des unités génétiques et évaluer leur correspondance avec les 41 unités de gestion actuelles. Nos résultats ont révélé la présence de deux entités régionales (nord/sud) composées de 11 populations génétiquement distinctes à plus fine échelle. Nous avons aussi démontré qu’il était possible d’obtenir de fort succès d’assignation à l’échelle régionale, ce qui permet d’envisager un outil de traçabilité. Ensuite, nous avons évalué l’impact des facteurs environnementaux tels que la distribution spatiale, la circulation océanique et la température de surface de la mer sur la distribution des unités génétiques précédemment définies. Nous avons alors démontré que les courants océaniques avaient une plus forte influence sur la divergence neutre des populations que la distribution spatiale. D’autre part, nous avons découvert que la température minimale annuelle avait une influence significative sur la divergence adaptative, et que ce signal persistait même après avoir soustrait l’influence de la distribution spatiale à cette relation. Finalement, nous avons exploré l’influence du sexe ratio et des marqueurs sexuels sur les analyses de structuration génétique d’une espèce marine faiblement structurée, ici le homard d’Amérique. Grâce aux 12 marqueurs sexuels identifiés, nous avons pu révéler le système de détermination sexuelle présent chez cette espèce et caractériser les bases moléculaires de ce déterminisme. Dans l’ensemble, les résultats de cette thèse illustrent le potentiel des outils génomiques dans la mise en place d’une gestion durable du homard d’Amérique dans les eaux canadiennes.
The American lobster, Homarus americanus, supports the largest commercial fishery in Eastern Canada and has therefore become a priority species in terms of conservation and management. This thesis aimed to gain important knowledge about the genetic structure and adaptive potential of H. americanus using a multidisciplinary approach, combining population genomics and marine ecology. Our first goal was to identify genetic units and assess their correspondence to the 41 management units presently in use. Our results revealed the presence of two regional entities (north/south), with at a finer scale, 11 genetically distinguishable populations. We also demonstrated that it was possible to identify the origin of individuals blindly, with an average of 90% individuals correctly reassigned to the regional genetic unit where they were sampled. This high assignment success, unexpected for a marine species, could be used as a relevant traceability tool. Next, we assessed the impacts of environmental factors such as spatial distribution, ocean circulation and sea surface temperature on the previously identified genetic structure. We showed that ocean currents had a greater effect on the putatively neutral genetic structure than spatial distribution. On the other hand, annual minimum temperature appeared to explain a significant portion of the putatively adaptive genetic variation, and this signal persisted even after subtracting the influence of the spatial distribution. Finally, we explored the influence of sex ratio and sex-linked markers on the analyses of genetic structure of high gene flow species, here the American lobster. We found 12 sex-linked markers from which we inferred a probable genetic mechanism of sex determination of the American lobster and characterized its molecular basis. Overall, the results of this thesis illustrate the potential of a genomic approach as a new tool for the sustainable management of American lobster in Canadian waters.
The American lobster, Homarus americanus, supports the largest commercial fishery in Eastern Canada and has therefore become a priority species in terms of conservation and management. This thesis aimed to gain important knowledge about the genetic structure and adaptive potential of H. americanus using a multidisciplinary approach, combining population genomics and marine ecology. Our first goal was to identify genetic units and assess their correspondence to the 41 management units presently in use. Our results revealed the presence of two regional entities (north/south), with at a finer scale, 11 genetically distinguishable populations. We also demonstrated that it was possible to identify the origin of individuals blindly, with an average of 90% individuals correctly reassigned to the regional genetic unit where they were sampled. This high assignment success, unexpected for a marine species, could be used as a relevant traceability tool. Next, we assessed the impacts of environmental factors such as spatial distribution, ocean circulation and sea surface temperature on the previously identified genetic structure. We showed that ocean currents had a greater effect on the putatively neutral genetic structure than spatial distribution. On the other hand, annual minimum temperature appeared to explain a significant portion of the putatively adaptive genetic variation, and this signal persisted even after subtracting the influence of the spatial distribution. Finally, we explored the influence of sex ratio and sex-linked markers on the analyses of genetic structure of high gene flow species, here the American lobster. We found 12 sex-linked markers from which we inferred a probable genetic mechanism of sex determination of the American lobster and characterized its molecular basis. Overall, the results of this thesis illustrate the potential of a genomic approach as a new tool for the sustainable management of American lobster in Canadian waters.
Confolent, Dominique. "Granville et le monde de la mer : 1919-1945." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040184.
Full textIt concerns a study relating to fishing in Newfoundland and along the coast, commercial trade and seaside activities, between the two wars and during the Second World War. The géographiqcel setting is limited to the administrative area of Granville, that is from Montmarin-sur-mer in the north, to Mont-Saint-Michel in the south. The maritime world is studied globally across economic, sociological and ethnic analysis of sailors ans the tool of their trade : the boat. The thesis is not confined to the study of professionnal seamen, and is exhaustive in studying all existing relation between man and the sea
Amandè, Monin Justin. "Captures accessoires et rejets des thoniers senneurs tropicaux : eEstimation, caractéristiques et gestion." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20018/document.
Full textBycatch and discards has always been inherent in fishing but it is only recently, with the growing interest in ecosystem approach to fisheries, that particular attention is paid to these topics both in research and fisheries management.The work presented in this thesis focuses on the estimation, characterization and management of bycatch and discards in the European tropical tuna purse seine fishery of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. The thesis is based on logbook data andon data collected by observers on board the French and Spanish fishing vessels in the framework of the European data collection programme DCF (Data Collection Framework). Bycatch and discards of Atlantic and Indian Oceans are estimated from statistical methods of various level of complexity according to the questions : global versus local estimations and/or by fishing mode. An analysis of precision and bias in bycatch estimates and a comparative analysis of methods for estimating bycatch are presented. The characteristics of bycatch and discards are also detailed. This thesis proposes a complete overview of issues related to bycatch and discards of the European tropical tuna purse seine fishery. It also makes suggestions to improve the quality of estimates, to reduce bycatch and to valorize the discards
Gaamour, Adel. "La sardinelle ronde (Sardinella aurita Valenciennes, 1847) dans les eaux tunisiennes : reproduction, croissance et pêche dans la région du Cap Bon." Brest, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BRES2005.
Full textBoisier, Guy. "Apprentissage inter-organisationnel, proximité et territoire : le cas du cluster chilien du saumon." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010068.
Full textSelles, Jules. "Incertitude et gestion économique des pêcheries internationales : application à la pêcherie du stock Est de thon rouge de l'Atlantique." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT3006/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis is concerned by the economic management of internationally shared fisheries and the key role of uncertainty in the management process of fishery resources. First, we review the literature on the optimal management of fish stocks for different types of uncertainty occurring throughout the management process. We draw a connection between the definition of harvest control rules that are empirically determined and feedback solutions from bioeconomic models. We discuss six sources of uncertainty and determine the corresponding generic harvest control rules and their relative precautionary approach. Secondly, we evaluate the optimal management for the Eastern Atlantic Bluefin tuna stock (Thunnus thynnus). With an age-structured model similar to the current stock assessment models defined by the Regional Fishery Management Organisation, we analyse the exploitation path maximising the net present value of the fishing rent. Our results indicate that adopting a new management policy based on maximum economic returns could meet both conservation and economic objectives, even in the presence of stock measurement uncertainty. Finally, we address the issue of cooperation in the management of Atlantic Bluefin tuna by using an economic experimental approach. Building our experiment on a stylised representation of Bluefin tuna management, we show that the threat of a regime shift fosters more cooperative outcomes and a more precautionary management of resources
Sene, Malick. "Impact de la pêche commerciale sur l'écosystème du parc national de Kouchibouguac, cas de la pêche au gaspareau (alosa pseudoharengus et alosa aestivalis) et des prises accidentelles de bar rayé (morone saxatilis) de truite (salvelinus fontinalis) et de saumon (salmo trutta)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ37864.pdf.
Full textTorres, Edgar. "Effects of the fishing strategies developed by purse seine fleets on tropical tunas and on associated fauna in the eastern Atlantic and eastern Pacific oceans." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20029/document.
Full textTuna and tuna-like fisheries represent 7.9% of the global production of marine capture fisheries. Most tuna stocks are fully exploited and some overexploited, facing growing fishing pressures. Due to the extent of fishing grounds, stock assessments depend largely in commercial data, which vary over time because fishermen may invest in fishing technology, expand offshore, or start fishing in different areas. However, little attention has received the responses of fishermen facing management regulations or the effects resulting from technological investment. For these reasons the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of fishing strategies developed by purse seine fleets on tropical tunas and on associated fauna in the eastern Atlantic and eastern Pacific oceans. The continuous introduction of new fishing technology in the French fleet in the 1980s and the 1990s evidenced a direct increase in fishing power when large yellowfin in free-swimming school is targeted and likely an indirect effect by modifying the fishing grounds characterizing FAD-fishing on small size categories. The consequences of the two time-area closures on the spatio-temporal dynamics of the European Union fleet were investigated. The regulation on FADs resulted in a decrease in the days with catch and successful squares inside the restricted area, reallocating FAD-fishing outside the area while no change in free-swimming school fishing was observed. The no-take time-area increased all fishing activities outside the restricted area with apparently no gain in terms of protection of juveniles. In the eastern Pacific as a response to a closed season the Mexican fleet reduced days in port and consequently the number of sets on dolphin-associated schools increased, maintaining the catch levels observed before the regulation. The study of the effects of the EU fleet fishing strategies on bycatch over two time periods showed that the species composition of sharks caught on FADs and may be for rays caught on free-swimming schools changed over time. We also estimated the total number of species that can be potentially be caught by fishing mode
Aubin, Maria. "La voix (voie) de la mer : Impacts des changements politiques, sociaux et environnementaux sur les pratiques et les savoirs locaux des pêcheurs de homards de la région sud de la Gaspésie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29563/29563.pdf.
Full textLorance, Pascal. "Ecologie des poissons profonds, des individus aux peuplements." Brest, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BRESA001.
Full textJauharee, Ahmed Riyaz. "La pêche au thon à la canne sous dispositifs de concentration de poissons (DCP) aux Maldives : vers une gestion fondée sur la science grâce aux connaissances scientifiques et des pêcheurs." Thesis, Montpellier, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022MONTG008.
Full textMaldivians have sustainably been exploiting tuna using hook and line in the Indian Ocean for over a millennium, with 20% of the total Indian Ocean tuna catches currently landed in the Maldives. After four decades using on average 55 anchored fish aggregating devices (AFADs) spread over the entire archipelago, this thesis aims to improve our knowledge on the fishery ecology of tuna within the Maldivian AFAD array in order to better understand the drivers of the sustainability of the fishery for the coming years. The ecology of tuna around these AFADs was studied by collecting local ecological knowledge from 54 pole and line fishers and by acoustically tagging 65 skipjack and 57 yellowfin tuna within an instrumented 21-AFAD array. Most fishers consider that slight currents, suitable sea temperature, prey and attractants enhance the aggregations while strong currents, high sea temperatures and stormy conditions make tuna leave AFADs. They also consider that tuna tend to stay associated with AFADs 3 to 6 days, which is comparable to results from acoustic tagging (from 2 to 5.5 days on average). Acoustic tagging showed that tuna do not have a specific preference in the direction of movement, and very few fish moved from one FAD to another. Therefore, the 55 AFADs in the Maldives do not act like a network but appear to be relatively independent. The Maldives FAD network can be considered as a case study to examine the pros and cons of sparse FAD networks as supports for fisheries, while minimizing potential negative impacts. More research on the ecological, social and economic aspects of the pole and line fishery must be conducted to support the Maldives in their science-based management.Keywords: Anchored Fish Aggregating Device, Tropical tunas, Pole and Line, Maldives, Local Ecological Knowledge, Residence Time
Jauharee, Ahmed Riyaz. "The tuna pole and line FAD (fish aggregating device) fishery of the Maldives : towards science-based management through fishers and scientific knowledge." Thesis, Université de Montpellier (2022-….), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMONG008.
Full textMaldivians have sustainably been exploiting tuna using hook and line in the Indian Ocean for over a millennium, with 20% of the total Indian Ocean tuna catches currently landed in the Maldives. After four decades using on average 55 anchored fish aggregating devices (AFADs) spread over the entire archipelago, this thesis aims to improve our knowledge on the fishery ecology of tuna within the Maldivian AFAD array in order to better understand the drivers of the sustainability of the fishery for the coming years. The ecology of tuna around these AFADs was studied by collecting local ecological knowledge from 54 pole and line fishers and by acoustically tagging 65 skipjack and 57 yellowfin tuna within an instrumented 21-AFAD array. Most fishers consider that slight currents, suitable sea temperature, prey and attractants enhance the aggregations while strong currents, high sea temperatures and stormy conditions make tuna leave AFADs. They also consider that tuna tend to stay associated with AFADs 3 to 6 days, which is comparable to results from acoustic tagging (from 2 to 5.5 days on average). Acoustic tagging showed that tuna do not have a specific preference in the direction of movement, and very few fish moved from one FAD to another. Therefore, the 55 AFADs in the Maldives do not act like a network but appear to be relatively independent. The Maldives FAD network can be considered as a case study to examine the pros and cons of sparse FAD networks as supports for fisheries, while minimizing potential negative impacts. More research on the ecological, social and economic aspects of the pole and line fishery must be conducted to support the Maldives in their science-based management.Keywords: Anchored Fish Aggregating Device, Tropical tunas, Pole and Line, Maldives, Local Ecological Knowledge, Residence Time
Le, Goff Ronan. "Biologie et migrations de la seiche Sepia officinalis L. (Mollusque céphalopode Sépiidé) dans le secteur Morbraz-Golfe du Morbihan (Sud Bretagne)." Rennes 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REN10119.
Full textChappé, François. "Paimpol, la République et la mer : 1880-1914." Rennes 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989REN20030.
Full textThis essay attempts to describe the relations between a profession, a social reality, an ideology, a religion and a form of artistic expression. Each one of these realms of social life shows some original feature in Paimpol. The scale of the Iceland-bound cod-fishing fleet equipment, out of all proportion with the size of the town; the heavy social and human costs of the fisching campaigns; the peculiarity of Paimpol's commitment to republican ideology in the context of the Côtes-du-Nord department; singular religious practices; the spectacular fame of paimpol in literature: a study of all these peculiarities would be fully justified by itself. However, the aim of this essay is to find out more precisely how and why the tragedy of the Iceland fishing has been distorted. A sheer scandal has been turned into an epic. Even though they were sincerely mobilized by their convictions, the Paimpolese oligarchs, town councillors but ship-owners as well, used Paimpol's fame to conceal the heavy human costs induced by the fishing campaigns. Only competent but confidential circles would denounce the tragedy; people were largely unaware that the myths they were interested in just caricatured the true human reality
Pencalet-Kerivel, Françoise. "Les "Mauritaniens" 1945-1990 : les pêcheurs langoustiers bretons dans un monde en mutation." Lorient, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LORIL081.
Full textGreen lobster fishing along the French West African Coast is of colonial original, born in a port of Douarnenez at the beginning of the 20th century. As a substitute to sardine fishing, it became an independent activity though it continued to exhibit the characteristics of traditional fishing. The lobster fishermen, the so-called “Mauritanians”, form a special group in the sphere of sea fishing. In 1955, the fishermen of Camaret started to develop a new product: the pink lobster of the “Banc d’Arguin”. This species became the “pink gold of the Breton fleets in 1960 as they moved away from traditional approaches and underwent modernisation stocks diminished quickly as a result of overfishing. Like the green lobster fishermen before them, the “Mauritanians” followed the same course but were faced with the emergence maritime laws (extension of territorial waters). Mauritania, now an independent state, sought to benefit from its ichthyologic riches by imposing fishing agreements. Breton lobster fishing continued in the Mauritanian EEA (Exclusive Economic Area) but with a reduced and ageing fleet. In 1987, representatives of Blue Europe undertook negotiations for the resource. In becoming European, the “Mauritanians” lost their exclusivity. Breton lobster fishing, originally a traditional colonial activity was able adapt to the modern world and the maritime law but was unable to stand up to European competition and stopped to 1990
Levert, Florence. "Revitalisation festive et conflits de mémoire : Saint-Pierre des marins et Messe-Souvenir de Fécamp." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100141.
Full textAt the end of the 19th century in Fécamp, the Newfoundland fishing shipowners formed a separate social class that was organized in unions and charitable societies. They also created the Saint-Pierre Feast. Celebrated just before the fishing season, the Saint-Pierre Feast gathered many different groupings: shipowners, fishermen, state representatives, clergy members and so on. In a spirit of unity, this Feast built a sense of belonging, a collective memory and helped to maintain the social structure and hierarchies. It also created a social domination which was able to make the seamen accept many things, even the idea of their own death at sea. Today, even though cod fishing has disappeared in Fécamp and a new economy is developing based on the maritime past, former Newfoundlanders are gathering in order to make their Feast live again. The commemoration respects the Saint-Pierre feast rituals. It allows the elders to prove that they were there and are the only legitimate owners of this past now considered as a real capital. Performing the rites of yesteryear, the commemoration possesses functions that the Saint-Pierre Feast did not. We can say that the singularity of the current Feast lies in its claim of trustworthiness to the former rituals. The commemoration, that repeats the non-subversive Saint-Pierre feast rituals, creates a feeling of violence because of the disappearing memory and so gives the seaman, with the prospect of his coming death, a social status he never had before. Until this memory slips from his clutches
Caranhac, Fanny. "Modélisation de la dynamique de populations piscicoles exploitées intégrant la variabilité individuelle de croissance : application aux corégones (Coregonus lavaretus) du lac d'Annecy." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10046.
Full textRobin, Dominique. "Les pêcheurs de la sardine au Pays Basque et en Bretagne au XVIIIe siècle : deux mondes en rivalité et aux franges de la pauvreté." Rennes 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN20040.
Full textGauthier-Ouellet, Marika. "Origine des saumons (Salmo salar) pêchés au Groenland et influence sur la mortalité en mer." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25750/25750.pdf.
Full textIdentifying the origin of catches in a mixed-stock fishery, to consider the demographic status of distinct populations, is a major challenge. Here, we identified the North American origin of 2835 salmon collected at the Greenland fishery for seven years spanning an eleven-year period (1995-2006) at three localities using 13 microsatellites. The study included 52 baseline populations representing nine genetically distinct regional groups. Our ability to identify the origin of salmon at the river level was also tested in two regions. The average level of contribution associated with each genetic region ranged from less than 1% for Maine to nearly 40% for Southern Québec. Temporal variation in regional contributions was observed, indicating a decreasing contribution of Southern Québec (-22.0% from 2002 to 2005) and New-Brunswick (-17.4% from 1995 to 2006) and an increasing contribution of Labrador salmon (+14.9% from 2002 to 2006). There was a strong association between the number of multi-sea-winter salmon regionally produced and the estimated regional contribution to Greenland fishery for 2002 (r = 0.79) and 2004 (r =0.92), which could explain these temporal trends. No difference was found between the three Greenland sampling localities, suggesting a random distribution of the different salmon groups along the coast. Multi-sea-winter mortality rate due to Greenland fishery was highly variable among groups, with Ungava and Southern Québec showing the highest values, ranging from 12.10 to 18.08%, for both years tested. Overall, no regional group was clearly overrepresented in landings compared to their respective productivity. Yet, management precautions should still be taken as the fishery strongly selects large females, which could have evolutionary impacts on populations over the long term, such as a decrease in the proportion of multi-sea-winter salmon compared to grilse.
Roa, Pascuali Carmen Liliana. "Mesoscale structure and dynamics of the tropical tuna's associated-environment in the Indian and the Eastern Pacific Oceans : comparative approach." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTS030.
Full textThis study provides an approach to the comprehension of the mesoscale structure in the habitat patterns of three major tropical tunas species, yellowfin (Thunnus albacares; YFT), skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis; SKJ) and bigeye (Thunnus obesus: BET). These species, mainly caught by the purse seiner's fishery worldwide, represent 20% and 13% of the world total production for the Indian and the Eastern Pacific oceans respectively. Single set records from this fishing gear in both, the Indian and in the Eastern Pacific oceans, were used to separately evaluate the environmental characteristics of their fishing grounds for three fishing modes: free school (FS), log (LOG) and fish aggregated devices (FADs) and several individual sizes. Prior to the analyses, a statistical expert-based method was applied to detect and classify thermal fronts at basin scale whereas the anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies are detected, based on the winding angle method. The distances of the catch positions from these structures were then calculated. We found that strong fronts are mostly found in coastal regions and weak fronts in the open ocean. This allows the consideration of the frontal intensity helps to spatially differentiate mechanisms of frontogenesis than may attract tunas. In addition to these mesoscale components, classic, temporal and fishery-related variables were added to describe the fishing environment. We used the Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) method to create a three step modeling scheme for each study area in order to explore the responses of the catch level and size for the different fishing modes, also considering the effect of randomly distributed catch positions, in order to separately estimate the mesoscale effects. The relative dominance of each species is also explored and globally shows similar results than for the catch level. All BRT models show that the catch level was better explained by the environment for free school (FS) than for FADs fishing modes and that the differences in distribution were more important among fish-sizes than among species. We quantify for the first time the strong influence of the mesoscale in determining tuna's habitat, confirmed by the poor explanation obtained in all random models, mainly for the IO. For both oceans, small individual were strongly related with the proximity to mesoscale eddies (<200 km) whereas the larger individuals area found at larger distances. A low influence of mesoscale fronts was found mainly for the Indian ocean whereas the opposite pattern was observed for the EPO, except in the coastal regions where strong fronts become important. Different environmental conditions were observed in well defined sub-regions as the coastal upwelling, the equatorial tongue, and the Costa Rica Dome. Contrarily to the Indian ocean were the fishing grounds are relatively homogeneous in term of Sea Surface Temperature and chlorophyll concentration, these two parameters highly influence the tuna distribution in the EPO. In the Indian Ocean, the total percentages of relative contribution by category of variables for all models were 34% for the mesoscale, 39% for the classical variables and 27% for others (temporal and fisheries related). For the Eastern Pacific, even if mesoscale remains important (37%), the most relevant ones were the classical variables with 55% of the total relative contribution (8% for others). Key word: Tropical tunas, Indian Ocean, Eastern Pacific Ocean, mesoscale, purse seiner, species, fish-size, fishing mode
Boschiazzo, Alessio. "I Napoletani e il corallo del Maghreb : pesca e sfruttamento di una risorsa mediterranea contesa (1780-1827)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0348.
Full textThe aim of this PhD thesis is to analyse the phenomena related to coral fishing of the Maghreb, placing at the center of the analysis the development and the penetration in North Africa of the Neapolitan fishery. From the middle of the XVIII century, after the fall of Genoese Tabarka in 1741, the French Compagnie Royale d’Afrique obtains the privilege of coral fishing on the coasts of the Regencies of Algiers and Tunis. However, during the last thirty years of the XVIII century, Italian states’ navies started complaining strongly about those preferential concessions to France. In light of what has been introduced thus far, it follows that the historical period that goes from the second half of the XVIII century to the 1830s represents an interesting and remarkable field of research. Actually, the gradual increase of participants on the Barbary Coast scenery, the various obstacles and issues on the subject of maritime navigation and the convoluted political and diplomatic events that accompanied the activity of coral fishing, raise many queries. As an example, this dissertation project studies the organization of fishing campaigns by the different coastal communities and it also focuses on the strong interests that European and Maghrebians governments and merchants showed towards this influential “red gold”. The attention focuses mainly on the several phenomena related to the fishing process on the Barbary Coast. Nevertheless, this work will also refer constantly to commercial and manufacturing aspects connected to each country, which are essential in order to have an overview of coral relevance as a “Mediterranean resource”
Levesque, Martin. "La pêcherie d'anguille du Kamouraska : essor et déclin d'une culture et d'une ressource." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30703/30703.pdf.
Full textThe history of the eel fishery has been an activity emblematic of the evolving culture of the Kamouraska region and a source of identity for the region’s fishing population. The snake-like appearance of the eel and its mysterious life underwater made it a fish subject to multiple interpretations in the belief systems of several peoples. From its rise to its decline, the historical geography of the eel fishery is a medium for exploring the larger relationship of the peoples of Kamouraska with their environment. An integral part of the transhumance of First Nations peoples, it was equally an essential part of the fishing and agricultural subsistence activities of the French colonists of the region and became an economically important market activity in the 19th and 20th centuries.. The decline of the eel fishery in the 1970’s provides testimony to the long-term effects of environmental degradation of the St. Lawrence River. Keywords: Eel, Eel fishery, historical geography, Nature and culture, ecosystem management, identity, social and economical development, Kamouraska, Maoris.
Girardin, Raphaël. "Ecosystem and fishers’ behaviour modelling : two crucial and interacting approaches to support ecosystem based fisheries management in the eastern english channel." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10018.
Full textThe implementation of the ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM) requires an enhancement of our knowledge of ecosystem complexity. Understanding the ecosystem reaction to management regulation is a key to achieve conservation objectives. Ecosystem modelling improves our knowledge on ecosystem functioning in interaction with human activities, and it is now widely used to evaluate management strategies. The fishers’ behaviour of the French demersal fisheries in the Eastern English Channel (EEC) has been investigated. Results showed that fishers tended to adhere to past annual fishing practices and maritime traffic may impact on fishing decision. A global analysis of the fisheries science literature during the last three decades evidenced the influence of tradition and species targeting in fishers’ behaviour. The exploration of ecosystem dynamics required the use of the ecosystem model Atlantis with a focus on two commercial flatfish species, sole (Solea solea) and plaice (Pleuronectes platessa). The importance of estuary areas and of nutrient inputs has been revealed as well as the role of discards and of two key species, cod (Gadus morhua) and whiting (Merlangius merlangius). Sole and plaice did not have a strong influence on the trophic network excepted on the benthic invertebrates’ dynamics. Finally, we investigated the consequences of area closure and effort reduction on fishers’ behaviour and the ecosystem impacted. We observed a noticeable benefit of combining area closure and effort reduction on the biomass of most commercial species and on the total value landed per unit effort
Girardin, Raphaël. "Ecosystem and fishers’ behaviour modelling : two crucial and interacting approaches to support ecosystem based fisheries management in the eastern english channel." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10018/document.
Full textThe implementation of the ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM) requires an enhancement of our knowledge of ecosystem complexity. Understanding the ecosystem reaction to management regulation is a key to achieve conservation objectives. Ecosystem modelling improves our knowledge on ecosystem functioning in interaction with human activities, and it is now widely used to evaluate management strategies. The fishers’ behaviour of the French demersal fisheries in the Eastern English Channel (EEC) has been investigated. Results showed that fishers tended to adhere to past annual fishing practices and maritime traffic may impact on fishing decision. A global analysis of the fisheries science literature during the last three decades evidenced the influence of tradition and species targeting in fishers’ behaviour. The exploration of ecosystem dynamics required the use of the ecosystem model Atlantis with a focus on two commercial flatfish species, sole (Solea solea) and plaice (Pleuronectes platessa). The importance of estuary areas and of nutrient inputs has been revealed as well as the role of discards and of two key species, cod (Gadus morhua) and whiting (Merlangius merlangius). Sole and plaice did not have a strong influence on the trophic network excepted on the benthic invertebrates’ dynamics. Finally, we investigated the consequences of area closure and effort reduction on fishers’ behaviour and the ecosystem impacted. We observed a noticeable benefit of combining area closure and effort reduction on the biomass of most commercial species and on the total value landed per unit effort
Talbi, Nora. "Les échanges commerciaux au service du développement mutuel." Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT4034.
Full textInternational commercial relation contribute to the strengthning of the existing historic ties between States. Thus, the news wold order dominated by the globalization and the break down of commercial borders, make the countries and specially developing nations experiences hard competition for which one must be prepared. Us far us Morocco is concerned, we notice important changes in many sectors including that of fisheries. In this regard, we record these last few years that fisheries activities and consequently cooperation forms between Morocco and the European Union are being reconsidered. Furthermore, greater interest is being paid to the preservation of marine leaving resources and to the protection of marine environment
Maufroy, Alexandra. "Drifting Fish Aggregating Devices of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans : modalities of use, fishing efficiency and potential management." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT150/document.
Full textSince the mid 1990s, the use of drifting Fish Aggregating Devices (dFADs) by purse seiners, artificial objects specifically designed to aggregate fish, has become an important mean of catching tropical tunas. In recent years, the massive deployments of dFADs, as well as the massive use of tracking devices on dFADs and natural floating objects, such as GPS buoys, have raised serious concerns for tropical tuna stocks, bycatch species and pelagic ecosystem functioning. Despite these concerns, relatively little is known about the modalities of GPS buoy tracked objects use, making it difficult to assess and manage of the impacts of this fishing practice. To fill these knowledge gaps, we have analyzed GPS buoy tracks provided by the three French fishing companies operating in the Atlantic and the Indian Oceans, representing a large proportion of the floating objects monitored by the French fleet. These data were combined with multiple sources of information: logbook data, Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) tracks of French purse seiners, information on support vessels and Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) of purse seine skippers to describe GPS buoy deployment strategies, estimate the total number of GPS buoy equipped dFADs used in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, measure the contribution of strategies with FOBs and support vessels to the fishing efficiency of tropical tuna purse seiners, identify potential damages caused by lost dFADs and finally to propose management options for tropical tuna purse seine FOB fisheries. Results indicate clear seasonal patterns of GPS buoy deployment in the two oceans, a rapid expansion in the use of dFADs over the last 7 years with an increase of 4.2 times in the Indian Ocean and 7.0 times in the Atlantic Ocean, possible damages to fragile coastal ecosystems with 10% of GPS buoy tracks ending with a beaching event and an increased efficiency of tropical tuna purse seine fleets from 3.9% to 18.8% in the Atlantic Ocean over 2003-2014 and from 10.7% to 26.3% in the Indian Ocean. Interviews with purse seine skippers underlined the need for a more efficient management of the fishery, including the implementation of catch quotas, a limitation of the capacity of purse seine fleets and a regulation of the use of support vessels. These results represent a first step towards better assessment and management of purse seine FOB fisheries
Bellanger, Manuel. "Modélisation de mécanismes institutionnels et impacts bio-économiques de systèmes de gestion de quotas : application à la pêcherie de sole du golfe de Gascogne." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0037/document.
Full textIn France, where fishing rights are non-transferable, the management of fishing quotas is essentially delegated to producer organizations (POs). POs are granted collective allocations based on the aggregate fishing rights of their members and are then responsible for managing their fishing opportunities. The goal of this research, which contains theoretical developments as well as empirical analyses applied to the Bay of Biscay sole fishery, is to determine how outcomes of fisheries management are altered by the presence of POs within institutions as compared to alternative governance systems such as individual transferable quotas (ITQs). This dissertation notably brings together bio-economic approaches and institutional analyses to better anticipate the ecological, economic and social impacts of potential governance options. The research questions are the following: (1) What mechanisms could ensure a high level of compliance and what are the potential gains of placing the POs between the regulator and the fishermen? (2) What are the distributional effects of catch share management by POs? (3) What is the added value of integrating institutional arrangements involving POs into bio-economic modelling for the impact assessment of catch share management options? The analyses that were developed establish the ability of institutional design to influence outcomes in catch share systems in terms of compliance, distribution, and ecological-socioeconomic trade-offs achieved by alternative management options
Macher, Claire. "Productions jointes et mesures de gestion des pêcheries mixtes : application à la pêcherie chalutière langoustinière du golfe de Gascogne." Phd thesis, Brest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BRES6003.
Full textThe use of poor selective gears in a multi-species and multi-size ecosystem induces desired joint productions corresponding to by-catches and unwanted joint productions that are discarded. These joint- productions can worsen external effects consequences and they complicate moreover classical right-based solutions to fisheries management. A bio-economic analysis of production process using low selective gear is presented in the first part of the thesis with an application to the Nephrops trawl fishery in the bay of Biscay. The production function is spilt into a catch function and a sorting function. The analysis of the catch function highlights that all productions are not joint productions. There is a kind of joint productions control by the fishermen that is useful to fisheries management. The analysis of microeconomic sorting behaviours, from a sorting function defined with analogy to the catch function, then enables to discuss incentives to discards. Discards are considered as an output of a sorting task. In the second part of this thesis, we present a bioeconomic analysis of management measures to reduce negative consequences of joint-productions. A theoric analysis of selectivity shows that social benefits of selectivity improvement depend on the level of effort in the fishery and on the costs of effort. Besides, it is shown that when selectivity is not observable, fishermen are incited to adopt non selective technique. A cost-benefit analysis of several scenarios of improving selectivity is then realized from a bio-economic simulation model applied to the Nephrops fishery. Endogenous behaviours highlight the need to combine technical measures with access regulation measures: when the fishery is non selective, access regulation is complicated to implement and improving selectivity without access regulating do not resolve overcapacity problems. The example of the Nephrops pot fishery in Loch Torridon (Scotland) then enables to discuss profitability conditions of an alternative fishing gear to trawl, pot, whose selectivity is observable and that does not produce joint productions. Profitability of a pot metier in the bay of Biscay is discussed under several conditions. Transition phases are analyzed and highlight the question of transitory subsidies to technical change. The need for a spatial management of these activities is underlined in this case
Macher, Claire. "Productions jointes et mesures de gestion des pêcheries mixtes : application à la pêcherie chalutière langoustinière du golfe de Gascogne." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00361589.
Full textWalker, Emily. "De la trajectoire des prédateurs à la cartographie de leurs proies : estimation spatiale de l'activité des senneurs et des thonidés dans l'Océan indien." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00552183.
Full textWalker, Emily. "De la trajectoire des prédateurs à la cartographie de leurs proies : estimation spatiale de l'activité des senneurs et des thonidés dans l'Océan indien." Phd thesis, Centre de géosciences (Fontainebleau, Seine et Marne), 2010. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00552183.
Full textNowadays spatial distribution of tropical tuna fished by the French purse-seiners in the Indian Ocean is represented with catch and effort data from logbooks. However, these data provided only one position per day and the number of fishing sets during each day: the prospected areas without any set, synonym of absence of tuna aggregations, were not known. These areas are essential to map the tuna abundances. The French purse-seiners fleet is equipped with Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS). Trajectories obtained by the VMS were used to deduce vessels behaviour, and thus, presence (fishing) and absence (non fishing) of tuna aggregations. The objective is thus to estimate the vessel activity from its trajectory. The application of a state-space model allowed to distinguish “cruising”, “tracking”, “stopping”, and “fishing” activities. For the majority of surveys (except those with an observer), the real activity of the vessel was not known (latent variable), which justified the modelling with a Hidden Markov model. The model was run in a Bayesian framework including prior knowledge on some parameters (speed, turning angle and transition matrix). This model was calibrated and validated thanks to observers data on 10% of the fleet. The error rate was of 10% for VMS positions data recorded every hour. After the estimation of the states, the purse-seiners activities (cruising/tracking/stop/fishing) allowed to (1) improve spatial and temporal indices of the effort of French purse-seiners, and (2) study the spatial structure of tuna presence areas (indicators variograms), and to deduce maps of tuna presence/potential presence/absence by indicators cokriging, that can be interpreted as an abundance proxy