Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pêches – Mali – Niger, Delta intérieur du (Mali)'
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Bousquet, François. "Des milieux, des poissons, des hommes : étude par simulations multi-agents : le cas de la pêche dans le delta central du Niger." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10058.
Full textAdésir-Schilling, Michèle. "L'herbe, le poisson et le riz : transformation des paysages et dynamiques paysannes dans le Kotiya (Delta central du Niger, Mali)." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010577.
Full textSince 1968, persistent water deficits severely reduced the flood plains and natural resource base of the inland delta of Niger in Mali. In the Kotiya, a region situated in the heart of this complex watershed, the extended drought has had tremendous effects on the agricultural landscape, as witnessed by the underlying socio-economic changes. In this region of low population density, natural resources have traditionally been shared between the bozo fisherman and the transhumant fulani herdsmen. Despite deteriorating climatic conditions, inhabitants of the kotiya were able to take advantage of reduced flooding levels to develop a substantial rice-based agricultural system. The continuation of sufficient flooding attracted neighboring populations who were forced to migrate from nearby droughtafflicted regions and resettle in the kotiya. Interested by the ample natural resources still available, these settlers created new areas of resettlement in the kotiya referred to as daaka. These changes resulted in increased competition for the scarce natural resources and limited space which led to land disputes between herdsmen and agriculturists. As a result, ethnic conflicts have begun to pose serious questions concerning the future of herding activity in the region. Within this context of exceptional variability and change, affected populations were obliged to adapt by changing their socio-economic activities and their allocation of natural resources. Data from this system were collected, integrated, analyzed and compiled into a geographic information system (gis). The gis was found to be an efficient tool providing insight into the complex nature of the relation between man, space and time in the inland delta of Niger in Mali
Diallo, Ousmane Alpha. "Contribution à l'étude de la dynamique des écosystèmes des mares du Delta central du Niger, au Mali." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010522.
Full textBatti, Ahmed. "Etude spatio-temporelle par télédection du cycle crue-decrue dans le delta central du fleuve du Niger (Mali) : méthode des ondelettes." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR1GE04.
Full textOuedraogo, Bourahima. "Recherches archéologiques dans le delta intérieur du Niger : archéologie et environnement d'un site religieux à l'époque des empires : Natamatao (Mali)." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010516.
Full textPicouet, Cécile. "Géodynamique d'un hydrosystème tropical peu anthropisé : le bassin supérieur du Niger et son delta inférieur." Montpellier 2, 1999. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006189.
Full textDjoudou, Mahamane. "L' apport des données topographiques dans les systèmes d'informations géographiques appliquées aux zones humides : le cas des régions lacustres rive gauche du delta intérieur du Niger (D.I.N.) au Mali." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010689.
Full textLeblon, Anaïs. "La patrimonialisation d'institutions pastorales peules au Mali : le ƴaaral et le degal (Delta intérieur du Niger)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10181.
Full textThe proclamation of the yaaral and degal pastoral institutions (Inner Niger Delta) on the UNESCO’s list of “masterpieces of the oral and intangible heritage of humanity” is the basis for the study of the forms of appropriation and implementation of international intangible heritage policies. In a context of political decentralization and transformation of agro-pastoral societies, the intersection of contemporary challenges of transhumant pastoralism with the application of a safeguarding program developed according to the new patrimonial standards for the protection of cultural diversity, the involvement of populations and sustainable development, fuels consideration of political practices of tradition and belonging. The interactions between this political and symbolic system of use of the past and ordinary representations and practices of the listed item, sometimes conflicting, reveal power relationships relative to the management of identities and land exploitation, between the Malian State and miscellaneous actors. The intersection and mutual recycling of stereotypes about fulɓe pastoralism mobilized in contradictory strategies at local, national and global scales, produce an original stage for transhumance festivals. Considering the continuum between tradition and heritage, in which heritage would be an extroverted and institutionalized form of tradition, highlights the historical nature of heritagization processes and their inclusion in a long history marked by uses and dynamic reformulations of cultural symbols
Diakite, Mamery. "L'apport de l'image Landsat Thematic Mapper dans la cartographie du delta intérieur du fleuve Niger (mali)." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11457.
Full textMariko, Adama. "Caractérisation et suivi de la dynamique de l'inondation et du couvert végétal dans le Delta intérieur du Niger (Mali) par télédétection." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20182.
Full textThiam, Sidy. "Suivi des écosystèmes sahéliens à partir de la télédétection satellitaire : application au delta intérieur du Niger (Mali) et à la région du lac de Guiers (Sénégal)." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010696.
Full textIllou, Mahamadou. "Impacts des variations de la crue sur les communautés rurales du delta intérieur du bassin versant du fleuve Niger." Thesis, Artois, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ARTO0005.
Full textThe present study is carried out within a context of the low level of water in the interior delta Niger River. The water shortage is first noticed by eminent readers and observed by the local population itself. The main activities are agriculture, breeding and fishing which provide the needs of thousands of people in the area depend on the evolution of water. Once there is water shortage, we do observe the lost of cultural areas, variations in the level of water and that of inundation which influence the agricultural calendar. Definitely the phenomenon has implications on fishing and breeding giving the fact that there is a link between inundation and other activities. The consequences of the water shortage on agriculture are more visible on the outcome and the areas watered and more importantly on the fertile soil but also on the soils productivity. With regard to breeding, the impacts manifest themselves in the reduction of breeding areas, the herd and on social changes. On the other hand, in the fishing sector we do notice the decrease in fishing and the types of fishes. All these influence negatively on the socio economic life style of the local populations as well as significant decrease in its ability to sustain itself. Equally, the populations is getting use to a new life style by initiating several responses among which the revert to other activities, the practice of complementary activities, the improvement in agricultural practices. But, the most developed strategy is that of migration which immediate consequence is the destruction of social fabric, a situation that may yield to inefficient strategies initiated by the populations in order to challenge the decrease of water. In spite of efforts made by the populations, NGOs and public authorities, a lot needs to be done. The perspectives are not much : on one hand, the building of dams in the Delta creates hope in view of the intensification of agricultural activities and hence in improving the productivity, on the other hand, the lost of inundable areas linked to the above project
Zare, Aïda. "Variabilité climatique et gestion des ressources naturelles dans une zone humide tropicale : une approche intégrée appliquée au cas du delta intérieur du fleuve Niger (Mali)." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS186/document.
Full textThe droughts of the 1970s intensified in the 1980s and the development of irrigation schemes upstream of the Inner Niger Delta in Mali (IND) have resulted in the degradation of natural resources. This degradation of natural resources associated with the increasing population pressure on the environment has led to a more conflictive management of these resources. In addition, the current operating system of resources and the hydrological functioning of the IND make the management of the ecosystem more complex.In this work, we adopt an integrated and multidisciplinary approach to address the IND resource management issues. The approach mobilizes hydrology, sociology, agronomy and economy.The analysis of hydrological data has highlighted a significant difference between the maximum passing dates of the two rivers that supply the IND. This difference impacts the schedules of the main production systems thus contributing to exacerbate conflict. The management strategies developed with stakeholders combine the practices of security and water control, intensification, resource regeneration, capacity building and economic incentives. Moreover, in a context of increased climate variability, we analyzed the perceptions of a sample of fishermen, herders and farmers on climate prediction and their interest of climate and flood forecasts.. It appears that the need for climate information of floodplain users as IND relate mainly to the onset date of rainy season, flood maximum passaging date, the arrival of floods and flood peak heights.The simulated economic value of climate information for an agrarian system of flooded rice obtains an average gain of 10%. As against the cost of possible prediction errors is particularly high for producers with an average deficit on income of 24%
Cappelle, Julien. "Évaluation éco-épidémiologique du risque démergence du virus Influenza Aviaire Hautement Pathogène H5N1 dans le Delta Intérieur du Niger au Mali via lavifaune sauvage." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20080/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to evaluate the risk of emergence of a pathogen from wildlife in an uninfected area by combining two approaches:1) The study of pathogens sharing similar eco-epidemiological characteristics with the emerging pathogen2) The use of eco-epidemiological data available in the uninfected area Chapter 1 shows that studying pathogens sharing similar eco-epidemiological characteristics (Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease) with an emerging pathogen (HPAI H5N1) enables to provide information on the potential circulation of this pathogen if it would emerge. The main conclusions of this chapter allow us to formulate the three hypothesis tested in the following chapters, each related to a stage of an emergence: introduction (Chapter 2), circulation (Chapter 3), and transmission to domestic poultry (Chapter 4). These three chapters enable a better evaluation of the risk of emergence of a pathogen (HPAI H5N1) in an uninfected area (IND) by using methods based on eco-epidemiological data available in this uninfected area, obtained from techniques like aerial census, satellite telemetry, and remote sensing. The risk of emergence of HPAI H5N1 from wildlife in the IND is evaluated to be the highest between the months of January and March during years with a low flood level. Garganeys and Pintails are identified as the two main species to be surveyed in priority. This thesis shows how eco-epidemiological data available in an uninfected area enable an evaluation and a better control of the risk of emergence of a pathogen. Satellite tools allow acquiring large dataset with temporal and spatial resolution compatible with eco-epidemiological dynamics evolving rapidly
Cappelle, Julien. "Evaluation éco-épidémiologique du risque d'émergence du virus Influenza Aviaire Hautement Pathogène H5N1 dans le Delta Intérieur du Niger au Mali via l'avifaune sauvage." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210000.
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Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
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Picouet, Cécile. "Géodynamique d'un hydrosystème tropical peu anthropisé, le bassin supérieur du Niger et son delta intérieur." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006189.
Full textL'étude des apports hydriques du bassin amont a ainsi montré que la période d'étude était contrastée, représentative des fluctuations hydrologiques de ces 25 dernières années déficitaires. L'étude des flux de matières en suspension exportés vers le delta intérieur du Niger a permis de mettre en évidence la variabilité temporelle et spatiale des concentrations en MES et de proposer une modélisation simple des processus mis en jeu. L'étude de la chimie des eaux du Niger amont (éléments majeurs et traces) a montré que les cours d'eau étudiés sont très peu minéralisés et que la charge solide est essentiellement inorganique. A l'échelle globale, la faiblesse de la lame écoulée, la lithologie (roches silicatées) et la faiblesse du relief sont les principaux facteurs expliquant les faibles taux de transport particulaire et dissous observés. L'essentiel des résultats ont confirmé la faiblesse actuelle de la pollution chimique de ce grand fleuve africain au Mali.
L'étude des bilans hydriques, particulaires et dissous entre les entrées et les sorties du delta intérieur du Niger ont confirmé le rôle important que joue cette zone sur le bilan hydrique (les pertes en eaux représentent de 30 à 45% des entrées) et dans la capture de quantités de matières particulaires et dissoutes importantes, qui sont ainsi soustraites aux apports aux océans, tout du moins de manière temporaire. Les pertes de matières particulaires s'élèvent de 26 à 54 % des entrées, celles de matières dissoutes à environ 30% des entrées. L'ensemble de ces pertes est lié plus ou moins directement à l'extension spatio-temporelle de l'inondation (évapotranspiration, dépôts). Celle-ci règle l'intensité de nombreux processus complexes qui se produisent dans le delta. Ce travail a également confirmé les fonctionnements hydrochimiques très différents entre sa partie amont, proprement deltaïque, et sa partie aval, caractérisée par des zones inondées plus réduites et une morphologie différente. Ces différences de fonctionnement sont exacerbées pour les crue de forte hydraulicité.
Keita, Daouda. "Le peuplement de la marge orientale du delta intérieur du Niger au premier millénaire après Jésus Christ." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100164/document.
Full textThe history of the population remains a key issue in archaeology. In this study, we proposed to trace the migratory history of the eastern margin of the Inner Niger Delta by examining macro-traces of assemblage identified on the ceramic from the Iron Age archaeological sites and located within three sub-regions (the Inner Niger Delta, the Gourma and the Dogon Country), which are part of the study area. It aims to understand the mechanisms of population of each sub-region, comprehend the relationship between the sub-regions and establish a dynamic relationship between ceramic traditions and communities in the region. Through a multidisciplinary approach involving both historical, ethno- archaeological and archaeological information, we have shown that settlement and ceramic traditions found in each sub-region and traditions are part of a historical and social dynamics common to the eastern margin of the inner Niger Delta
Dicko, Mohamed. "Analyse du foncionnement d'une parcele de riz irrigué sur sol alcalin. Application à la gestion intégrée de la fertilisation azotée et du calendrier cultural dans le delta intérieur du fleuve Niger (Mali)." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale superieure agronomique de montpellier - AGRO M, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00423469.
Full textLe diagnostic agronomique effectué dans les parcelles de dix paysans de la zone a permis de classer les parcelles suivies en trois groupes en fonction de la nature des sols et de la maîtrise de la lame d'eau en riziculture irriguée. Si la nature alcaline du sol ou la mauvaise maîtrise de la lame d'eau déterminent les rendements mesurés, il reste néanmoins une forte variabilité à l'intérieur d'un même groupe en fonction des pratiques culturales. Le respect du calendrier de fertilisation azotée ou l'age des plants au repiquage apparaissent comme variables et susceptibles d'expliquer cette variabilité.
Les résultats obtenus au laboratoire en réacteur fermé et en pot de culture ont permis de mettre en évidence l'effet déterminant de la nature plus ou moins alcaline du sol et de la présence d'une lame d'eau sur la dynamique de l'azote suite à un apport d'urée. La volatilisation d'ammoniac est plus importante sur sol alcalin et en présence d'une lame d'eau. Ces pertes ne dépassent cependant pas 20% de l'azote apporté, et les pertes d'azote par dénitrification apparaissent potentiellement plus importantes en l'absence d'une lame d'eau et sur sol peu alcalin. Ces observations résultent probablement d'une activité plus importante de la microflore sur sol non alcalin et de conditions favorables à la nitrification en l'absence d'une lame d'eau. La croissance du riz en pot est très fortement affectée sur sol alcalin mais aussi dans une moindre mesure sur sol non alcalin en l'absence de lame d'eau, en relation avec la disponibilité de l'azote et le pH in situ.
Les résultats obtenus dans les expérimentations au champ confirment l'effet déterminant de la fertilisation azotée, du type de sol, de la gestion de lame d'eau et de leurs interactions sur l'efficience de la fertilisation azotée et le rendement du riz. Le coefficient apparent d'utilisation de l'azote est plus élevé et favorise le développement végétatif sur sols alcalins, témoignant de moindres pertes d'azote dans la mesure où la lame d'eau est maîtrisée. Par la suite, la mise en place des organes reproducteurs et la production de grain sont affectées sur les sols alcalins, indépendamment de la nutrition azotée. Un assec de courte durée lors des apports d'engrais ne montre pas d'effet significatif sur l'efficience de l'azote et le rendement. Contraitrement à l'hypothèse de départ, le repiquage de plants âgés ne montre pas d'effet négatif sur la production ; si le tallage est affecté il semble que les plants soient en mesure de mieux s'adapter ensuite aux conditions défavorables du milieu.
Les voies d'amélioration doivent donc être recherchées par une diminution des pertes d'azote lors des apports d'engrais, principalement sur les sols non alcalins, et une minimisation des effets défavorables des pH alcalins sur la production de grain. C'est paradoxalement sur sol non alcalin que l'intérêt d'un assec de courte durée lors des apports d'engrais est le plus discutable dans la mesure où les pertes sont principalement liées à un processus de nitrification et dénitrification. Il semblerait alors préférable d'associer l'apport d'engrais azoté au maintien de conditions fortement réductrices. Sur sols alcalins, une diminution du pH in situ dans le sol et la lame d'eau devra être recherchée. Un pilotage raisonné des opérations culturales en fonction d'une connaissance du pH et du potentiel d'oxydoréduction serait une solution idéale. Une analyse et une modélisation plus approfondies du fonctionnement du système sol-eau-plante en conditions alcalines semblent nécessaires pour accompagner l'amélioration de la gestion des sols alcalins de l'Office du Niger.
Dicko, Mohamed. "Analyse du fonctionnement d'une parcelle de riz irriguée sur sol alcalin : application à la gestion intégrée de la fertilisation azotée et du calendrier cultural dans le delta intérieur du fleuve Niger (Mali)." Montpellier, ENSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENSA0002.
Full textThe irrigated perimeters of the "Office du Niger" (Mali), is characterized by a tendency of soils toward alkalization and the variable yield performances of irrigated rice, as influenced by nitrogen fertilization. The objective of this study is to analyze the interactions between the in situ physicallchemical properties of soil and the modes of application of cultural practices such as nitrogen fertilization, rice transplanting and water management, and their influence on the nitrogen use efficiency by the riœ plant, rice growth and yield. The operational objective is to identify the rice growing practices that can improve the nitrogen use efficiency in the specific context of alkaline soils. The method combines an agronomic diagnosis in other to identify factors that influence the actual situation of farmer plots and laboratory and field experiments to analyse the identified factors. The agronomic diagnosis done in the field of ten peasants permitted to dassify the plots in three groups according to the nature of soils and the floodwater management. If the alkali nature of. Soil and/or the bad floodwater management practices determined the measured outputs, great yield variability within the same group remained nevertheless influenced by cultural practices. The respect of nitrogen fertilization plan and/or the age of the transplanted rice plants appear to be factors that can explain this variability. The results of laboratory and pot experiments permitted to determine the effects of soit alkalinity and floodwater level on the nitrogen dynamics following urea topdressing. The volatilization process of ammonia is more important on alkali soit and in presence of a floodwater. This process concems only 20% of the applied nitrogen, while denitrification appears potentially more important in the absence of a floodwater and on a less or non alkali soil. These observations are probably the results of favourable conditions for nitrification in the absence of floodwater and a more microflore activity on non alkaline soi!. Without flooding, rice growth in pot is more affected on alkaline than non alkaline soU, depending on the availability of nitrogen and the in situ soit pH. The results of field experiments confirmed the important effect of nitrogen application, soit type, water management and their interactions on N use efficiency and rice yield. The nitrogen use efficiency rate was much higher and resulted in more vegetative growth on alkaline soil, showing less nitrogen losses since irrigation water was weil managed. Independently of N nutrition, rice reproductive organs and grain production are affected on alkaline soils. Short draining periods during fertilizer applications does not show significant effects on N use efficiency and yield. Ln contrast to the working hypothesis, transplanting of old rice plants does not show negative effect on rice production; even though tillering is affected, plants seem to adjust the unfavourable conditions of their new environ ment. Yield improvement strategies must be sought through nitrogen management practices (reduction in N losses du ring applications) in non alkaline soils, and reduction in the effects of unfavourable pH on grain production in alkaline soils. Ln non alkaline soil, the benefit of short drainage during the period of fertilizer application is question able since N loses are mainly related to nitrification and denitrification processes. It seems then preferable to take into account the high reducing conditions when applying N fertilizer. On alkaline soUs, lowering the in situ pH and maintaining flood water at optimal level should be preferred. Cultural practices based on knowledge of soit pH and redox potential would be an ideal solution. A deeper analysis and modelling of soil~water-plant system seem necessary to improve management of the alkali soils of the "Office du Niger"
Barry, Ibrahima. "Le Royaume de Bandiagara : 1864-1893 : le pouvoir, le commerce et le Coran dans le Soudan nigérian au 19ème siècle." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0038.
Full textIn the first half of the nineteenth century in west sudan an islamic movement was born and developped. In masina particulary, seku amadu built a very modern islamic state, the dina, like the modern states of today. But in 1862, alhaji umar, another leader of islamic jihad, fought the masina califate. At alhaji umar's death in 1864, in degimbere, his nephew tidiani succeeded to him. Tidiani fought the fulani of masina and the kuntas of tumbouctou, twenty years ago, to impose his power on this country. He is the founder of bandiagara kingdom