Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pêcheurs – Anthropologie'
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Amand, Rudy. "La pêche miraculée : Étude socio-anthropologique des marins pêcheurs du Calvados (France)." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN1584.
Full textThis dissertation seeks to explore social transformations concerning fishermen and communities who depend on fishing activity. Considered as a “world apart” by a large segment of the population, this sector remains on the fringes of social sciences in spite of the disruptions affecting it. Facing a constant decrease of their total number, confronted to an important ecological crisis but also to a redefinition of the technical working methods, this professional group is seen as passing through deep transformations for the most optimistic observers whereas it is regarded as endangered by the most pessimistic ones. Furthermore, the coming of new populations does not only modify the spatial organization of the port villages, but also the way of living together within the traditional communities. In this context, what is the professionals’ and community members’ state of mind? What kind of resistance do they oppose to these situations? These questions are the most significant illustrations of our approach. The latter will first rely on monographic studies of six local fishing communities from Calvados (France). This empirical basis will then enable us to produce a sociological analysis of this professional group and also an anthropological reflexion on the processes leading humans to interact with nature
Mariat-Roy, Émilie. "Si les quotas m'étaient contés : les conséquences économiques et sociales des politiques islandaises de gestion des ressources marines : ethnologie de communautés littorales." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0483.
Full textMy doctoral research brings together diverse aspects -social, economic, political and symbolic - of the transformations in the system of property ownership and regulation of access to marine resources following the implementation in 1991 of individual transferable quotas (ITQ). With a view to gaining a comprehensive understanding of the organization of a system of halieutic production, as well as the conditions determining its evolution, I seek to ientify an occupational group across a wide geographical and temporal extent. The aim is to capture, on the one hand, the diversity and fullness of meaning of meaning which fishing as both an idustry and way of life embodies whilst, on the other, to chart its transformation across the past, present and envisaged future fromboth a material and an ideal perspective. With these gols in mind, I consider, firstly, the historical development of the fishing industry in order to shed lighton the process through which marine resources came to be considered as national property, one which involves a comples nexus of interrelated technical, social and economic factors. Secondly, I carry out a comparative analysis of the practices and discourses structuring the forms of mobilization as well as the individual and collective strategies of the coastal populations of seven fishing ports in response to national policies for the management of marine resources. Within this framework, I give detailed consideration to the manner in which the industry's independent fishermen, the flourishing of whom had gone hand in hand with that of commercial fishing, attempt to counteract the effects of national reforms, observing the conditions, forms and consequences of such attempts on both local and national level. This analysis seeks to give due emphasis to the individualization process of fishing and fish processing practices variations in fishing practices which varies from one region to the next, as well as on making sense of the evolution of juridical practices for the regulation of the industry in the wake of the implementation of the ITQ. I bring to light, furthermore, the fashion in which the process of the privatization and commercialization of fishing rights, initiated by public authorities and subsequently pursued by diverse members of the industry, contradicts the principals embodied in fishing laws, a contradiction the significance of which cannot be overlooked
Deldrève, Valérie. "Marins de pêche artisanale en Manche orientale : étude des organisations professionnelles et des pratiques des pêcheurs du Boulonnais et de l'est-Cotentin." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL12014.
Full textThe study of two communities of fishing craftsmen, the former being at etaples (nord-pas de calais), the latter at saint-vaast la hougue (basse normandie), enables to highlight systems of local fishing that is to say variable configurations of the french fishing-craft system. The variety of these local systems is the product of an evolution which took place after the 1950s. Indeed, in less than half a century many changes in technology, economy and culture transformed simultaneously the fishermen's skills, their professional organisations and beyond that, their way of life and thinking. These multiple changes did not have the same repercussions from one community to another. These different evolutions can only be accounted for by the study of the economical background of the area, the balance of power ant the local stakes as well as the structure of the activities peculiar to each community. At the same time we may wonder what consequences these changes had on the fishermen's identity. Fishing generates simultaneously a very strong professional and trade identity. The description of the fishing skills enables to put into relief this identity through the peculiar relationship between the fisherman and his natural, technical and social environment. Wow, this relationship is also changing on account of new technical devices and the crisis ot the sea product market. As a result, these changes have a direct influence on the fishermen's identity which cannot be understood if regardlen of them
Aubin, Maria. "La voix (voie) de la mer : Impacts des changements politiques, sociaux et environnementaux sur les pratiques et les savoirs locaux des pêcheurs de homards de la région sud de la Gaspésie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29563/29563.pdf.
Full textArtaud, Hélène. "La poïétique des flots : ouvrir, construire, et refermer la mer dans le Banc d'Arguin (Mauritanie)." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0469.
Full textThe sea is not an immuable and pre-existent undifferentiated space. It renews, constructs and elaborates itself following distinct rationales which are complementary or conflicting, convergent or divergent. The imragen fishermen community of Mauritania shows an immeasurable diversity of arrangements representations and ways to domesticate the sea in spite of a strong pastoral base. The goal of our thesis is to reveal its uniqueness, its richness and its transformations in the aftermath of the Banc d'Arguin National Parc creation whose territory is occupied by part of these communities
Vermonden, Daniel. "Dans le sillage des grands navigateurs austronésiens: anthropologie des activités maritimes des Butonais d'Indonésie." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210487.
Full textThis thesis proposes a detailed analysis of Butonese maritime activities as well as a dialogue between this ethnographic case study and its Austronesian context. The analysis relies in particular on Merleau-Ponty's phenomenological analysis of perception and on Vygotsky's historico-cultural conception of cognition. Besides presenting a wealth of new data about the Butonese world (and more specifically the cia-cia linguistic area), the analysis developed here leads to major contributions about the reconstruction of the Austronesian world, the universalism-relativism debate within cognitive anthropology and the use of ethnographic methodology - emphasizing on the ethnographer's own transformation.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Turgeon-Pelchat, Catherine. "La mer à boire : accès à la ressource et gestion des pêches à St. Paul's River." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27932/27932.pdf.
Full textNguinguiri, Jean-Claude. "Des pêcheurs face au développement : acteurs, stratégies et trajectoires des pêcheries vili du Congo : analyse socio-anthropologique." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0050.
Full textDevelopment cannot be reduced to a simple transfer of techniques and know-how. On the contrary, it proceeds from nemerous interactions between different social actors, for the "target groups" as well as for the development agents. To stand up for these argument, we have chosen an interactionist approach. The ethnographical data used comes from small-scale fisheries development projects in Congo. This study is made up of two levels of analysis, the fisheries trajectories on one hand side and the interaction between actors on the other. The trajectories of the fisheries, as imagined by the experts, are the result of confrontation of multiple interest at stake. Opposed to this "developper's perception", the actual dynamics of congolese fisheries follow trajectories composed of sequences of change. The shift from one sequence to the other results from negotiation and compromise between strategical groups. The second level of analysis demonstrates that the relationships between development agents and fishermen (between groups and inside groups) do not always follow the rule book. The actors organize themselves in different social networks competing for the access to resources : a higher position in the civil service, development allowances and the reinforcement of one's position in the political arena
Gerfaud, Jean-Pierre, and Jean-Paul Tourrel. "Pour une lecture anthropologique de l'oeuvre littéraire : application au Roi pêcheur de Julien Gracq." Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/gerfaud-tourrel.
Full textThe literary work is a complex anthropological and cultural reality requiring an anthropological reading which itself is complex. Such a redefinition of the very nature of the knowledge concerning this cultural production modifies the very nature of its transmission. With the anthropological reading of the literary work, and provided one controls and goes beyond the multiple textual approaches suggested by the contemporary critic thanks to a complex approach, the model of which is the one of the cultural anthropology, the high school teacher has at his disposal a method which allows him to define his own knowledge in an epistemological way and the conditions of its transmission to the apprentice-reader represented by his student. In this particular outlook, the reading of the literary work and the training of such a reading become, in turn, anthropological and cultural acts and develop a progressive consciousness of the young reader towards his own culture as well as other cultures. Such consequences or such elements at stake can also be called rationality, hermeneutic view, representation of the world, questions about the meaning, religious dimensions of culture, citizenship, cultural alterity. The aim of the present thesis is not only to theorize about the literary fact and its teaching, but also to suggest , thanks to the experience of teachers and trainers, a pedagogical and educational set-up in the form of segmented and progressive training scheme. Thus, as regards the high school student, the appropriation of the different steps in the anthropological reading of the literary work, and the conscious and autonomous development of his own culture will be facilitated
Tivemark, Helene Elisabet. "L'équité dans la gouvernance des pêches: Enjeux locaux aux Iles-de-la-Madeleine." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26905/26905.pdf.
Full textGiroux-Works, Nakeyah. "Expériences d'un climat en changement : conditions socio-économiques et défis environnementaux chez les pêcheurs et agriculteurs madelinots." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28140.
Full textThis master’s thesis focuses on the discourses and practices by which the Magdalen Islands fishermen and farmers address the issue of climate change. These Madelinots contend daily with climate-related factors in their activities based upon environment exploitation. Guided by the approaches of environmental history and political ecology, this master’s thesis examines the scope of human actions on the nature, the significations given to nature and their resulting socio-environmental repercussions. Likewise, this study aims to better understand the place of climate change in local discourses about the economic livelihoods of fishermen and farmers, the environmental degradations and the energy future of the archipelago. It also demonstrates the social construction of climate change and discerns its social, political and economic components.
Lundy, Brandon Daniel. "Making a living in Kassumba, Guinea-Bissau." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL12002/document.
Full textThis study examines the socio-economic milieu of a rural community in order to observe the unfolding negotiations between everyday activities, conceptions of cultural identity, globalization, and national politics. Through the use of ethnographic methods including surveys, interviews, local histories and participant observation, the researcher describes the southern village of Kassurnba divided between Islamic Nalu landowners and the majority, spiritist Balanta immigrants in order to dernonstrate how they understand their political economy, rneet subsistence needs, and modify household livelihood strategies. This study finds that Nalu and Balanta economic cooperation plays an important role in their daily lives when faced with rapidly changing national, regional, and global environments. Understanding potential avenues of economic growth in the underdeveloped world is relevant, since development projects in Africa for the majority has not improved lifeways and livelihoods. This ethnography illustrates how the struggles over power, privilege, and resources are attributable to contexts of historical realities and political economy, not ethnic or religious difference as sorne have suggested. This study also serves as a model demonstrating how rural civil society can rely on economic diversity and each other as an "alternative" development strategy working primarily from the inside, while being bombarded by political unrest and outside global pressures. This thesis is intended to be a policy paper, local history, and ethnography
Delmas, Vincent. "Les pêcheurs basques au Canada, 1530-1760 : de la culture matérielle à l'identité culturelle." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20411.
Full textProvençal, Julie. "Le Sylvicole inférieur au Méganticois : le cas du site Nepress (BiEr-21)." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5068.
Full textThe discovery of the Nepress site (BiEr-21) in 2004 and the subsequent excavations have revealed many archaeological remains. This thesis has seeks to determine the cultural identity of the site’s occupants, taking into account their ritual activities and their lithic procurement strategy. To achieve this, a morpho-metric analysis of the lithic assemblage was undertaken. The intra-site artifact distribution was also taken into account. A chronological sequence for Northeastern North America going back to the Early Woodland is presented. The Early Woodland appears to dominate the occupation of the Nepress site. This is characterised by the presence of diagnostic artifacts of the Meadowood culture. These objects are a triangular bifacial Meadowood scraper, as well as an imitation of a projectile point.
Barreiro, Argüelles Saraí. "Ciudadanos del Atlántico : las redes de aprovisionamiento trasatlánticas de las pescas vascas en Canadá a través de su cerámica, siglos XVI-XVIII." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12445.
Full textSince the 1980s, archaeologists have remarked the originality of the ceramic collections found on sites occupied by Basque fishermen during the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries on the Atlantic coasts of Canada. The site of Red Bay (Labrador) was the first to provide a rich collection of common coarse earthenware, stoneware and majolica that allowed archaeologists to recognise a distinctive pottery tradition. For over two centuries, these ceramics form a continuous thread of materials showing the permanence of Basque commercial activities in Canada. Using a mutualistic and comparative approach to four Basque fishing sites – Red Bay (1530-1580), Anse-à-la-Cave (1580-1630), Petit-Mécatina (1630-1713), Pabos (1713-1760) – and their outfitting ports in Atlantic Europe, we will observe how this mid-sixteenth century ceramic collection was transformed from one place to another without losing its distinctive nature until the early eighteenth century, when the Basque ceramic record changes radically. Finally, through a global perspective that links the two Atlantic shores by way of these ceramic materials, we discover the supply networks for the Basque fishery, and the complex economic space that articulated its maritime and continental routes, two elements that are key to understanding the European overseas expansion and its configuration within the world economy of the early modern era.