Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pêcheurs – Conditions sociales – Sénégal'
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Cisse, Coumba. ""Vivre à l'ombre proche" du barrage de Manantali : les formes de représentations sociales des impacts dans les campements et les villages environnants." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080063/document.
Full textIn 1988 the Senegal River basin in Mali has witnessed the building of a dam by the Organization for the Development of the Senegal River (OMVS) in French. The main objective is the production of electric power shared between: Mali (52%), Senegal (33%) and Mauritania (15%). But the birth of this dam has deeply disrupted the organization and functioning of all the waterside’s areas. The territories around the Bafing, the river where the dam is localized, are now strictlydivided by the reservoir between an upstream and downstream portions. This artificial lake has created new types of spatial organization with the recent settlements of 25 fishing camps.This new economy has created a pull factor for professional fishermen coming from the central regions of Mali, particularly Mopti and Segou. The lake hence becomes a huge fish reserve with larger sizes compared to those caught in the Bafing, the Bakoye or even in the Senegal River. In the upstream areas of the dam, fishing has become the first business activityencouraging local young farmers and herdsmen towards an unlikely professional retraining.Fishermen settlements occupy former site of displaced villages due to the dam construction. Thirty-three villages have been relocated downstream of the dam in the lands of existing hamlets. This cohabitation disruptstraditional land use and leads to social strains
Ba, Halimatou. "La participation des femmes dans les groupements économiques en milieu urbain dans le secteur des pêches à Dakar." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23862/23862.pdf.
Full textGomis, Pierre. "Scolarisation et promotion féminines au Sénégal : différenciation sexuelle et disparités sociales devant l'école." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX10046.
Full textKhoule, El Hadji Souleymane. "Politiques et stratégies de lutte contre la pauvreté au Sénégal." Perpignan, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PERP1028.
Full textThe question of poverty is one of the biggest concerns of this century. Poverty is a complex universal reality, deeply rooted and present in all societies. No country is completely protected against this curse. The international organizations discover that this problem is not solved. Even if we can notice an improvement of life conditions in Northern countries, the Southern societies suffer from poverty becoming more and more worrying. Our work treats policies and strategies of fighting against poverty in Senegal. But fighting poverty means being able to define the concept of poverty and to delimit the real causes, as well as formulating the operational strategies of struggle against this plague in its multi dimensions. In this essay we have on the one hand analyzed the globalization of poverty and on the other hand we show that the elimination of poverty in Senegal is for certain a difficult exercise but not an impossible one as miseries and poverty are controllable. So there is no excuse as for the expansion and it is not acceptable to stop acting before having eradicated this curse
Mbow, Lat Soucabé. "Dakar : croissance et mobilité urbaines." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100108.
Full textShortly after World War II, Dakar underwent an unprecedented urban growth. Its diverse roles between 1945 and 1980 made it conquer annually more than 400 hectares over the neighboring agricultural lands. Such a peripheral expansion no doubt generated conspicuous technical constraints in terms of unequal opportunity to have access to public services, and within the internal functional difficulties of the suburb. The rapid spatial expansion is a result of both the growth of urban functions and demographic moves. The vigor of the latter generated various population problems of which unemployment is probably the most determining social stratification factor in Dakar. To a large extent, the location of several groups within the spatial framework depends on it. However, social segregation is not as tough as it may appear. In the long run, differences may emerge, subsequent to the implementation of policies more liberal than those that prevailed under welfare state
Amand, Rudy. "La pêche miraculée : Étude socio-anthropologique des marins pêcheurs du Calvados (France)." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN1584.
Full textThis dissertation seeks to explore social transformations concerning fishermen and communities who depend on fishing activity. Considered as a “world apart” by a large segment of the population, this sector remains on the fringes of social sciences in spite of the disruptions affecting it. Facing a constant decrease of their total number, confronted to an important ecological crisis but also to a redefinition of the technical working methods, this professional group is seen as passing through deep transformations for the most optimistic observers whereas it is regarded as endangered by the most pessimistic ones. Furthermore, the coming of new populations does not only modify the spatial organization of the port villages, but also the way of living together within the traditional communities. In this context, what is the professionals’ and community members’ state of mind? What kind of resistance do they oppose to these situations? These questions are the most significant illustrations of our approach. The latter will first rely on monographic studies of six local fishing communities from Calvados (France). This empirical basis will then enable us to produce a sociological analysis of this professional group and also an anthropological reflexion on the processes leading humans to interact with nature
Fresia, Marion. "L'humanitaire en contexte : pratiques, discours et vécus des mauritaniens réfugiés au Sénégal." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0166.
Full textThis thesis explores the social dynamics of refugee movements in the light of black mauritanian refugees who have been forced toexile in Senegal since 1989. Based on an empirrical approach, it can be considered as an ethnography of a forced displacement which studies its consequences in term of political, economical and identity change for both the refugees and their host country. The analysis is holistic : the scale of observation frequently shifts from inside a refugee camp or a humanitarian organization (the UNHCR), to outside of the humanitarian space in the local environment, by sistematical comparing discourses to practices, it then become possible to reconstitute the life trajectories of refugees and underline how they encompass different territories and identities at the same time and enhance a complex construction of the self and the other
Dumas, Christelle. "Offre de travail des enfants et demande d'éducation dans les pays de l'Afrique de l'Ouest." Paris, EHESS, 2005. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001786.
Full textThis thesis aims to identify microeconomic determinants of children's time allocation in Senegal and Burkina Faso. We mainly focus on the impact of social background. We find that parental education, once carefully instrumented, increases education levels and decreases labour participation, while the impact of wealth on education remains weak. In the same vein, we do not find any specific effect of poverty on the time spent at work by children. Owning productive assets an important determinant of children's labour supply, proving that market imperfections exist and play a role in the emergence of child labour. Finally, determining wether labour participation is detrimental to children's education is fairly intricate, but an empirical test allows us to conclude that it is not harmful to human capital accumulation
Faye, Evariste. "La ville de Thiès au Sénégal, dans sa proche région rurale, quelle politique d'environnement durable ?" Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUEL005.
Full textThe notion sustainable environment recognized as an international watch-word stemming from awareness of earth capacities considering societies evolution and their environment, prove the significance of this environment study at a local level. This concerns a city and its near rural area : Thiès city in Senegal and its neighbouring villages. This urban, per urban and rural adjoining areas present actually many environment and development problems. Right now it's a matter of urgency to act for the protection of the environment in the short and long term, which is a guarantee of sustainable development of the area
Smires, Yasmine. "Politiques publiques et participation citoyenne des femmes aux radios communautaires au Sénégal : impacts sur les droits économiques et civils." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26261/26261.pdf.
Full textRadio has been a really important communication medium for African countries. The democratization experienced by the African countries helped to liberalize the media landscape. Furthermore, this liberalization helped the development of a specific kind of radio, community radios, that have ability of giving a voice to the voiceless. Beside the insufficient integration of women in the community radios, this study shows that this new communication tool has a relative importance on women’s economic and civil rights. The study shows what these impacts are, as well as their limits, and the place of governmental and non-governmental institutions in the development of this medium.
Aidara, Daha Cherif. "Approche géographique de la santé et du développement au Sénégal : l'exemple de la région de Kédougou." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUEL007.
Full textFaye, Adji Astou. "L'espace économique et social de la femme dans une région du Sénégal : Kaolack." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100052.
Full textSow, El Hadji. "Les enjeux sociaux du discours sur la pauvreté en milieu rural sénégalais : perceptions du phénomène et production de normes à Niakhar et à Bakel." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010530.
Full textGbocho, Antoine Yapo. "Environnement, comportements et santé des enfants en Afrique subsaharienne : cas des maladies diarrhéiques au Sénégal." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010504.
Full textDiagne, Malick. "Les enjeux de l'espace public en Afrique : étude comparée du Bénin et du Sénégal." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070073.
Full textWith the convocation of the negro-African, arabo-Islamic and judeo-christian referents in order to study the stakes of public space in Africa, through the cases of Benin and Senegal, the evolution of African societies appears much more understandable. The fruit of a multisecular interaction between Africa and the rest of the world, the upheavals socio-policies that the continent crosses are a crucial phase of recasting. In a context of certainly difficult democratisation, but in undeniable positive evolution, Benin and Senegal, quoted in example as regards democratic progress in Africa, are the scene of the reconstructing social reference marks. The category of public space, resulting from the rupture of the European societies with the authoritative regimes in the XVIIIth century, as a framework symbolic system where the civil society bears its critical glance on the way the political power controls its destinies, is quite relevant to analyse the evolution of the contemporary societies. Since the beginning of 1990s, most of them try to leave the political monolithism. The stakes of public space in Africa are, consequently, beyond the essential institutional managing frames of the social transformations in progress, in the practical application of new participative forms that direct the social connections towards more freedom and social justice
Maire, Bernard. "Prévalence de la malnutrition du jeune enfant : du probabiliste au réel." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20313.
Full textDiallo, Sounkarou. "La délinquance juvénile à Dakar : une nouvelle forme de déviance ?" Montpellier 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON30012.
Full textGenerally, one uses the economic crisis to explain the juvenile delinquency. Nevertheless, the social in Senegal presents many facts showing new ways of delinquency. Though the economic crisis can represent the principal of delinquency, new possible ways appear now. The immigration, the inequality in the classic ways of success, the cultural crisis. . . Are as many reasons to talk about way of delinquency. What would be the way to battle the rising of the juvenile delinquency? We, through this thesis, do believe that a new way to live the values and a strong and independent justice would be necessary
Dianka, Daouda. "La migration internationale féminine individuelle à partir du Sénégal vers la France : le cas des Fatou-Fatou." Reims, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REIML010.
Full textAccording to literature, in Senegal, the migration was a man phenomenon. Until the beginning of the 1980th, the female migration from Senegal was passive. Indeed, women were just invited to follow their husbands. However, since a decade, more women enter in the migratory streams. In fact, they migrate independently and on long distances to obtain jobs for their and their native families needs. Nowadays, women begin to have, due to their status migrants, a worker identity which influences their own identities and which can be a cause of changes in their existences and roles into their families (financial independency is a main condition of migrant personal autonomy). Due to its patriarchal aspect, the Senegalese society punishes the ones who want to take away from their traditional roles and status by loneliness and the power of the social control causes failure of break attempts. Then, migrant women, by choosing international migration, redefine social relations. Thus, since the 1980th, the female migration, from passive migration, becomes an active migration. The female individual international migration from Senegal began by city (Wolofs were firstly concerned) in the before middle of 1980th, to extend the phenomenon to rural population. Nowadays, it becomes a society fact due to it s tendency to be generalized to all ethnic and religious groups. This increase of the female participation in the Senegalese international migration is maybe a consequence of different problems such as traditional values erosion and father or husband authority loss, but also by the Senegalese economical crisis. Moreover, the socio-cultural (mentality evolution) and educational (increase of the female learning level) change in Senegal since the independence. The goal of this thesis is to explain these different evolutions in social, economical and cultural points of view. A study of the causes and consequences of the female migration is proposed. The global (in France and Senegal) social structure of the migration is presented. This work opens a new investigation field of the international migration
Seck, Awa. "Vieillir au féminin : l'expérience de femmes sénégalaises âgées de 60 ans et plus vivant dans la communauté." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26495/26495.pdf.
Full textKane, Lo Aissata. "Les signares dans la Sénégambie du Nord : constructions identitaires d'un groupe social : XVIIe-XXe siècles." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX10024.
Full textMonfort, Francisco. "Le secteur de la pêche au Mexique: une analyse sociologique de son développement." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213211.
Full textDiop-Barry, Ismahan Soukeyna. "Hystérectomie, mastectomie et statut de la femme au Sénégal." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUEL016.
Full textHysterectomy and mastectomy undermine the integrity of women's body and mind, on the maternal as well as on the feminine aspect. This research, undergone in the town of Dakar (Senegal), aims to understand their consequences on the Senegalese woman, emphasizing the particularities of this cultural environment and the social representations on women status. We gathered the impressions of Senegalese women, who have undergone these surgeries, through clinical interviews conducted immediately after the surgery, and within a year later. Our goal was to highlight the implications of hysterectomy and mastectomy and to identify the psychological processes at work in this situation. This research allowed us to demonstrate that mastectomy has a heavier impact on body image, and that sexual functioning is a major concern in most subjects, because of consequences regarding self-esteem and postoperative pain experienced as frightening for the subjects. It underlined that the operation is experienced as a castration in the reality of the subject, from a parental superego instance, due to a fault he has made. This research has also shown that hysterectomy and mastectomy imply a narcissistic injury among Senegalese women, because of the importance of the body that is specific to this culture, and the phallic properties of breast and uterus. This narcissistic injury has a impact on the relationship that women have with their environment and particularly with men. The feminine and the maternal are highlighted in Senegalese culture, but illness and operation, let appear a gap with the cultural rules that determine the order of their expression
Kone, Adama. "Impacts socioéconomiques de l'utilisation de la jachère forestière améliorée pour la récupération des terres salées dans la région de Kaolack, au Sénégal." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30004/30004.pdf.
Full textSécolier, Pierre. "Une communauté lagunaire en mutation : l'étang de Thau et ses petits métiers." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP0812.
Full textThere has been quite an intense development of traditional industries around the « étang de Thau », the largest lagoon in the Gulf of Lions. Of these, fishing and shellfish farming make up what is nowadays known as the “small enterprises” of the lagoon. In an undefined category that is not quite a micro society, this community has managed, thanks to its great vitality, to adapt to changes in the socioeconomic context. Since settling on the shores of the lagoon they have had to overcome a lot of problems – linked to the climatic environment, fishing, fish-farming techniques and the usual disputes. Difficulties arise from the new redefined role of women in production, from the sharing of space and resources and from the various phytosanitary crises. These constraints do not prevent shellfish lovers from paying their homage by organising religious ceremonies, games and festivities all around the lagoon. When the party is over, no one can forget the ever-present tensions between a constantly expanding human activity. In order to preserve the quality of the environment while satisfying the requirements of all users, some professionals have joined forces to get round a certain number of intermediary social organisations that do not have their total confidence. Their knowledge of issues relating to the use of the area has allowed them to take a stand in managing disturbances - particularly those brought about by continually increasing numbers of people using the lagoon. In this way, they have managed, insofar as is possible, to preserve the resources of the lagoon, and ensure the survival of the “little jobs”
Paquet, Lucie. "Pêcheurs du Saint-Laurent, 1713-1763 : les engagés à Québec pour la région de la rive sud du fleuve et du golfe." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29189.
Full textMbodj, Fatou. "Enjeux politiques et moraux au temps des antirétroviraux : une sociologie du sida au Sénégal." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0077.
Full textThe Senegal faces a political and moral test since the introduction of ARV treatments in 1998. The objective of this research is to show in what the introduction of these treatments into care's system constitutes a test of government of the lives, of justice, of democracy, of life under treatment for the various actors of the fight against the disease. The trial is a kind of test, which questions the stability of the social order. It also reveals the capacity of the actors to be clashed with objects and to bring out them. The test is one moment of truth which allows us, on the one hand, to read the Senegalese's society and its functioning mechanisms. In addition, it allows to observe a world that is evolving, the stakes which are spread there, the forces and the limits of these actors and institutions, their capacities to question themselves, to adapt themselves, to evolve
Diagana, Abdoulaye. "Transfert de normes et logiques d'acteurs en pays soninké : quand la décentralisation redistribue les équilibres politiques à l'échelle locale : Mauritanie, Mali, Sénégal." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUEL034.
Full textThe evolution of governance and, beyond that of education for democracy, is facing a crisis which impact on decision making are named profiteering, cronyism, manipulation of elections. . . The crisis of democracy is manifested by various symptoms which include the decline in voter turnout, the loss of trust in politicians, the declining credibility of political parties and, more generally, a loss of legitimacy of political institutions. Moreover, the ultimate manifestation of this disaffection is re flected in a series of protests and post election political violence which sometimes go up to the mortgage on the existence of these states while making it unlikely that the very idea of building a statonational project politically and economically viable. Therefore, what is the sense of experimenting democracy at a local level that is being introduced by the process of decentralization. ? Away from the centers of decision, the people of « the Soninke Country » are encouraged to develop a territory that the state has neglected for lack of ressources. This is over a background of tension between an effort of modernization and a traditional & conservative logic that the State is trying to give itself a meaning
Ndiaye, Mame Birame. "Représentations socio-économiques et culturelles des migrants seereer à Dakar et création de l'association Ndef Leng : Analyse sociologique et perspectives de développement." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070006.
Full textSeereer traditional society is a peasant society based on subsistence farming. For a long time its main activity was millet, sorghum and corn farming, together with extensive livestock farming. Agricultural surpluses were made possible thanks to soil fertility and abundance of rain. Since the 1930's this society experienced profound social, economic and cultural mutations. First, through the introduction of cash crop peanut farming, then through the displacement of population policy from densely populated areas to less populated ones, and finally through the colonial legacy of independent Senegal. The progressive exhaustion of soils due to overexploitation combined with population pressure led to difficult access to land. The capital city of Senegal, Dakar, thus turned into the final destination of this population at risk. Despite harsh living conditions, leading to the creation of the federation of Seereer NGO's in Dakar, "Ndef Leng", which aims also at promoting the culture and endangered language of the Seereer, migration flows, involving all age groups, have not been stemmed
Dramé, Papa El Hadji. "La France , le Sénégal et la défense de l'Afrique Occidentale Française de 1918 à 1940." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040078.
Full textThe foundation of the Gouvernement Général de l'Afrique Occidentale Française in 1895 marked the beginning of the military, administrative, and political reorganization of the territories conquered by France in West Africa during the 19 th century. The colonial power became sovereign in these once African spaces. In the context of the interwar period, overshadowed by looming conflicts with other European powers, France designed a defensive plan in two facets for the African empire she sought to develop economically as well. First, the plan called for the " maintenance of order " in the interior by suppressing the insurrections, rebellions and dissent of a native population subject to a new administrative, social and economic order (taxes, forced labor, military conscription, etc. )Second, the plan sought to defend the empire, using methods. It first called for the recruitment of native troops (tirailleurs sénégalais) to protect the metropole, and then it organized resistance against potential aggression by Germany, Italy, Spain or even the joint anglo-gaullist coalition along the maritime and land borders of French West Africa. As a result, the naval base at Dakar, long neglected during the interwar period, witnessed a period of growth at the end of the 1930s that rendered it a strategic objective of the Second World War, as can be seen by the intensity of the Battle of Dakar (23-25 September 1940)
Lasbeur, Linda. "Modes de contrôle de la fécondité en Afrique de l’Ouest : analyse comparative (Sénégal, Mali, Burkina Faso et Ghana)." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100196.
Full textThis research focuses on fertility control and especially contraception in Western Africa (Mali, Senegal, Ghana and Burkina Faso), based on data from the D. H. S. We first describe the social and demographic characteristics of the women (residence and level of education) using the Bongaarts model. To comprehend why some sexually active and fertile women who wish to limit their number of children do not use contraceptive methods, we used the Lesthaeghe model. And to understand obstacles to birth control, we conducted group interviews in Senegal. Social characteristics do not account completely for attitudes towards birth control techniques. Individual experience can influence resorting to contraception and apprehending social interaction helps in comprehending social change
Tandian, Aly. "Des migrations internationales à la question identitaire : redéfinition de statuts des migrants Haalpulaar et évolution des rôles féminins dans la vallée du fleuve Sénégal." Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20004.
Full textFollowing the repeated droughts, the end of the welfare system. . . , many Senegalese citizens choose to expatriate. This situation is increased in the valley of the Senegalese river where the inhabitants don't resign to their fate for the leading majority of the male migration can be seen as a protest against the hard living conditions. Our research was carried out in the Haalpulaar society where there are free men, servants and slaves as well as a land supremacy of free men. Yet, with the increasing migration, new complex and remote destinations are defined for many reasons while making it possible to the migrant to acquire economic ressources. We would like to show the circulatory strategies through the country of settlement and the adjustement of ways of sociability in the native villages. Thus, from the emerging constructions of individual and collective identities, the aim of this research is to explain the effects of the male absence on the reconstruction of the family role and to assess the importance of capital in the Haalpulaar social structure
Perthuis, de Laillevault François-Xavier de. "La perception de la pauvreté à Dakar (Sénégal) : entre approches théoriques et réalité observée." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0044.
Full textThis thesis deals with the perception of poverty in Dakar (Senegal) through the development of adaptation strategies implemented in poverty context in the Senegalese capital. Considering the study of poverty in Senegal, researches are at the crossroads of economics, sociology and anthropology. To capture the economic and social manifestations of poverty, researches consider a multidisciplinary approach, combining economic and sociological approach, focusing on the analysis of poverty from the experiences of poor populations. The first part focuses on the dominant theoretical approaches in the analysis of poverty and their respective evolution from the 1950s to nowadays. Despite fundamental evolution of theoretical approaches, this part of the thesis demonstrates their limitations in the empirical understanding of poverty when the researcher chooses to analyze poverty from experiences of poor people. In a second part, research threat on the analysis of the evolution of empirical comprehension of poverty through successive development policies implemented in Senegal from the 1980s until 2012. This section describes the evolution of the main causes of poverty in neighborhoods that are subject of research. In a third part, based on experiences of poverty, analysis develops the main manifestations of poverty and strategies used by populations. Research underlines the evolution of strategies in poverty context through transformations of social net, diversification of resources and the evolution of the quality of social relationship. It appears that lack of capacity to elaborate adaptation strategies in poverty context is directly determinate by the quality of social relationship
Blanchard, Mélissa. "Les chemins de l'autonomie : migrantes sénégalaises à Marseille." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10026.
Full textPinard, Émilie. "«Construire son futur» : production de l'habitation et transformation des rapports de genre à Pikine, Sénégal." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25529.
Full textCette thèse porte sur la production de l’habitation des quartiers informels et sur sa participation dans le processus d’autonomisation des femmes sénégalaises. Elle documente les acteurs, normes et pratiques impliqués dans la construction résidentielle, par l’étude des cas de dix-sept femmes propriétaires et de leur maison dans quatre quartiers de Pikine, en périphérie de Dakar. Supportée par un cadre théorique qui permet de concevoir l’habitation comme un processus dynamique et multidimensionnel, cette étude met en lumière les rapports sociaux développés autour de la mobilisation des ressources pour construire et de la transformation de la forme bâtie. L’approche méthodologique combine des entretiens narratifs avec les propriétaires sur des séquences de vie et l’histoire de leur maison, des relevés architecturaux, des entretiens avec des intervenants locaux et une enquête sur la population et les habitations des quartiers étudiés. Une attention particulière est portée aux moyens individuels et collectifs déployés par les femmes pour la production de leur habitation, afin d’en éclairer les possibilités et contraintes pour la transformation des rapports de genre et l’autonomisation. La thèse montre que les femmes doivent s’appuyer sur divers réseaux pour mobiliser les ressources pour construire, tout en s’assurant de sécuriser celles-ci pour protéger, à long terme, les possibilités qu’elles ont créées pour elle-même et leur famille et, par le fait même, négocier ou transformer les normes sociales qui les désavantagent. Dans ce processus, l’espace résidentiel devient pour les propriétaires un médium des rapports aux autres et peut contribuer au maintien ou à la perte de cet équilibre entre l’accès à de nouvelles ressources et la sécurisation des acquis. Cette étude remet ainsi en question les interprétations, à la base de nombreux écrits et politiques de logement, sur la nature spontanée des quartiers informels et sur les principaux objectifs associés à la construction dans ce contexte. Pour les femmes propriétaires, le processus de production en lui-même représente une voie vers de nouvelles possibilités sociales et économiques porteuses d’une plus grande sécurité et d’une autonomie; pour « construire son futur », transformer activement sa maison est donc souvent plus important que l’obtention d’un bâtiment fini.
This thesis examines informal housing production and its contribution to the empowerment of Senegalese women. It documents the everyday practices, norms and social relationships involved in the construction of houses “from below”, through a detailed analysis of women owners and their houses in four unplanned neighbourhoods of Pikine, in the periphery of Dakar. Considering housing as a dynamic and multidimensional process, this study sheds light on people’s interactions over resource transactions and space, while paying attention to negotiations and inequalities associated with these processes and their consequences for daily life in the city. It describes the strategies through which women owners produce their house and secure a place for themselves and their family in the urban agglomeration, and the spatial and social consequences of these processes. In-depth interviews and life stories with women owners and their families were conducted in combination with architectural surveys of their houses, interviews with key actors involved in land subdivision and housing production, and surveys on land transaction and housing conditions. The thesis shows that women need to draw on a wide range of networks to access resources and at the same time continually negotiate and protect the space of opportunity they have created for themselves; in doing so, they resist and transform social and spatial norms. These results question the usual interpretation according to which obtaining a finished house is the main objective of house construction: for women, the production process itself represents a path towards greater security, but also towards an array of new social and economic possibilities, that are often more significant than the (sometimes never reached) final result.
Viaud, Ronan. "Le syndicalisme maritime français : de ses origines à 1950." Rennes 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN20017.
Full textGoverned by the maritime status, fishermen, merchant sailors and officers of the merchant navy gather together as early as the end of the 19th century in harbors within trade unions. They quickly get organized on a national level and found the FNSM (national federation of the maritime trade unions). But soon, divergences appear between the different trades regarding methods of action and the relationships the FNSM has with the CGT (general confederation of labor), since it joined the latter in 1906. Officers then found their own federations. After the First World War, the CGT scission and in-fighting provokes the trade unionism breaking-up within the merchant navy. Within the fishing, reformist federations one of which is the FFSPM (French federation of sailors professional trade unions) develop at the beginning of the 30s. Heavily affected by the economical crisis, the merchant navy staff benefits from social progress due to the Popular Front. Trade unions reinforce and some officers join the CGT. Within the fishing, the FFSPM, which pleads for a corporative reorganization of this branch, gets a few progresses. During the Second World War, its leaders take part in the fishing corporations established by the Vichy government. At the Liberation, maritime trades are reorganized. In fishing, the new institutions are partly inspired by previous attempts. Within the merchant navy, the shipowners manage to prevent a complete nationalization that is required by the CGT, the unique existing trade union within officers and sailors since 1945. But following the CGT scission in 1947, and the emergence of trade unions, members of the CFTC (French confederation of the Christian workers) the maritime trade unionism takes on a pluralistic aspect like the whole French trade unionism
Gassama, Absa. "Marché du travail et structuration d'un groupe professionnel : le cas des travailleuses domestiques du Sénégal." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0131.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to explore the forms of the informal structure of the professional group of domestic workers in the labour market of a poor developing country. To do this, although aware of the formal structural forms and the conflicting links with this informal world, we have based most of our study tries to discover forms of institutionalization in manners that are outside of the rational legal world. We tried to discover the cultural and socioeconomic foundations of the practice of massive domestic wage work. Thus, from the perversion of the circulation of children to the present forms of exercise of the domestic wage work, we find common cultural traits from castes or traditional social classes in Senegal. However, we observe above mainly a real questioning of the forms of solidarity who had woven around traditional domestic work with the wide dissemination of the social practice of domestic wage work and the mobilization of domestic workers on labour markets, to enhance their careers and working conditions. The practice of massive domestic wage work in Senegal led to the institutionalization of its mode of exchange in labour markets belonging to the informal economy. The study of these markets reveals the structure of the group of domestic workers on the basis of their work and from that of a network of intermediaries that emerges. The result is a professional group that puts the concept of "labour markets closed" (C. Paradeise) or social closure in the neo-weberian language
Potier, Michel. "Pêcherie de Layang et senneurs semi-industriels javanais : perspective historique et approche système." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20166.
Full textConfolent, Dominique. "Granville et le monde de la mer : 1919-1945." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040184.
Full textIt concerns a study relating to fishing in Newfoundland and along the coast, commercial trade and seaside activities, between the two wars and during the Second World War. The géographiqcel setting is limited to the administrative area of Granville, that is from Montmarin-sur-mer in the north, to Mont-Saint-Michel in the south. The maritime world is studied globally across economic, sociological and ethnic analysis of sailors ans the tool of their trade : the boat. The thesis is not confined to the study of professionnal seamen, and is exhaustive in studying all existing relation between man and the sea
Sagna, Marie Rosalie. "Impact de la microfinance sur l'empowerment des femmes et la lutte contre la pauvreté dans la région de Ziguinchor." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26051.
Full textThis present research examines the impact of microfinance on the transformations of the economic, social and political status of the women in the region of Ziguinchor, situated in the southwest of Senegal. The examination covers the social representations which they have of the poverty and the strengthening of their power to act (" empowerment "), at the individual, family and collective level. It is also interested in the strategies developed by the women to meet the requirements of the microfinance. To seize better the logics which base choices and actions of the women, we opted for a qualitative methodology. It is based on structured interviews. Our sampling is non-probability by reasoned choice centered on a voluntary basis. Our criteria of inclusion are the age, the experience and the place of residence. The study was conducted with thirty women and with eight members of staff of organizations of microfinance. The data were also collected by of our observations and secondary sources. The theoretical approaches of "gender and development" and "strategic actor" guided this study. These put the women in the center of the analysis of the relationships of power and the social change. They helped to understand the logics of the women, their représentations, life experiences and strategies, in particular their subjective experience. We can observe three different situations within the results. The first is related with the persistence of a multilevel poverty linked with the large monetary level and the lifestyle conditions level too. The second one shows a limited impact on the empowerment of the women and the living conditions in their families. The third one explains how the economic and political context of Ziguinchor limits the empowerment of women and the improvement of living conditions in their household.
N'Diaye, Marième. "La politique constitutive au Sud : refonder le droit de la famille au Sénégal et au Maroc." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40019/document.
Full textIn Muslim countries, Family Law is a highly sensitive matter, which generates recurrent controversy, mainly polarised around Islamic and feminist positions. This is, for instance, what can be observed in Senegal and Morocco. In both countries, the legislator tried to mediate this tension by strengthening Women’s Rights within a text that conciliates Islamic imperatives and injunction to modernity. But this solution is far from receiving unanimous support.Taking the Family Law debate as a starting point, this work combines public policy studies and political sociology of law to analyse how the State tries to regulate the intimate sphere in order to be viewed as the sole domination apparatus within a context of strong normative pluralism. The comparison between the Moroccan and the Senegalese States - a comparison based on ‘dramatic contrasts’- allows to focus the analysis on the differences between the Morocco and Senegalese states in terms of capacity and legitimacy, and thus helps us in better understanding the specificity of state-institutionalisation processes in developing countries.In both cases, the State tries to take advantage from the controversy. It plays on the different normative systems and involves all the actors who acknowledge it as the legitimate arbitrator in order to keep and consolidate its power of law framing. Furthermore, in order to overcome the difficulties linked to law enforcement, the State relies on non-state actors to apply the law. This evidences and confirms the fact that Family Law is the result of a process of co-production. Even if State jurisprudence does not constitute the only normative order, but one amongst others, it nevertheless importantly influences individual behaviour on both the cognitive and the experiential levels. It thus reinforces the State’s pretention to constitute the ultimate political authority
Di, Muro Icir Mimina. "Le « pouvoir » des femmes : étude du monde féminin Bassari à Ethiolo." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEP032.
Full textThe « power » of women (A study of the feminine world of the Bassari in Ethiolo). Behind an apparently simple and « shy » demeanor, the Bassari feminine world conceals great complexity, characterized by women being mysterious and decisive at the same time. Such behavior is the power of the women of Ethiolo. The purpose of the project is to study the Bassari feminine world in Ethiolo (a village located in Eastern Senegal on the border with Guinea-Conakry). Such world cannot be understood without simultaneously observing the masculine world of the Bassari and the interaction of between the two. The main subjects of the following paper are: the analysis of the age system, which lays at the basis of the social organization of the Bassari population, the analysis of the administration of power, based on the control of the secrets of masks (for men) and the peculiar affinity with the world of spirits (for women), and lastly the role of women during male initiation. Bassari women, with their attachment to traditions, their awareness of the value of their culture and nonetheless their ability to adapt to the inevitable changes of the modern world, contribute to the preservation of the future of the Bassari
Diouf, Mamadou. "Du rapport au métier enseignant : le cas des corps émergents dans l'enseignement élémentaire au Sénégal." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG005.
Full textSenegal is a developing country marked by very low budgetary resources and a rapid population growth (42.1% of the population are under 15 years) which indicates that a large primary school-aged population. To deal with this concern, state authorities have decided to recruit contractual teachers that would achieve Universal Primary Education (UPE-SPU). An economic policy implemented since 1995 has now become structural as being the only way to become a teacher at the elementary and secondary level. Therefore, classes teachers who are officials and contractual teachers are presently officiated at present in Senegalese elementary schools and do not benefit from the same recruitment method much less the same training (if any) and are two to three times lower paid.This work focuses on the type of new teachers and more particularly to the understanding of the relationship that binds them to the teaching profession they exercise under specific conditions. Our theoretical framework focus on the determinants of the relationship to work (status, social image, professional identity and the relationship to knowledge) and to study the case of contractual teachers through their job choice of, their academic and professional training and finally their representations of the teaching profession. A qualitative and interpretive research that is done in Mbacke, Diourbel whose particularity is to be Senegalese’s 3rd most populated region after the capital Dakar and Thiès, and yet the least educated in the country with a Gross Access Rate (GTR -TBA) 79.9% when it is near 113.0% nationally. This research is based on a socio historical milestone of the Senegalese education system coupled with an interpretation of semi-structured interviews with a sample of 25 respondents composed of inspectors of education, principals, owners, contractors and parents
Meyer-Sablé, Nathalie. "Le sel et le feu : évolution des métiers de la pêche et cellule familiale dans les sociétés littorales du Morbihan, 1830-1920." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0087.
Full textChappé, François. "Paimpol, la République et la mer : 1880-1914." Rennes 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989REN20030.
Full textThis essay attempts to describe the relations between a profession, a social reality, an ideology, a religion and a form of artistic expression. Each one of these realms of social life shows some original feature in Paimpol. The scale of the Iceland-bound cod-fishing fleet equipment, out of all proportion with the size of the town; the heavy social and human costs of the fisching campaigns; the peculiarity of Paimpol's commitment to republican ideology in the context of the Côtes-du-Nord department; singular religious practices; the spectacular fame of paimpol in literature: a study of all these peculiarities would be fully justified by itself. However, the aim of this essay is to find out more precisely how and why the tragedy of the Iceland fishing has been distorted. A sheer scandal has been turned into an epic. Even though they were sincerely mobilized by their convictions, the Paimpolese oligarchs, town councillors but ship-owners as well, used Paimpol's fame to conceal the heavy human costs induced by the fishing campaigns. Only competent but confidential circles would denounce the tragedy; people were largely unaware that the myths they were interested in just caricatured the true human reality
Lavigne, Delville Philippe. "Migrations internationales, restructurations agraires et dynamiques associatives en pays soninké et haalpulaar (1975-1990), essai d'anthropologie du changement social et du développement." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00913481.
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