To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Pedestrian areas Pedestrian areas Pedestrian areas.
Journal articles on the topic 'Pedestrian areas Pedestrian areas Pedestrian areas'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Pedestrian areas Pedestrian areas Pedestrian areas.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Park, Seung-Hoon, and Min-Kyung Bae. "Exploring the Determinants of the Severity of Pedestrian Injuries by Pedestrian Age: A Case Study of Daegu Metropolitan City, South Korea." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7 (March 31, 2020): 2358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072358.
Full textAbstract:
Pedestrian-vehicle crashes can result in serious injury to pedestrians, who are exposed to danger when in close proximity to moving vehicles. Furthermore, these injuries can be considerably serious and even lead to death in a manner that varies depending on the pedestrian’s age. This is because the pedestrian’s physical characteristics and behaviors, particularly in relation to roads with moving vehicles, differ depending on the pedestrian’s age. This study examines the determinants of pedestrian injury severity by pedestrian age using binary logistic regression. Factors in the built environment, such as road characteristics and land use of the places where pedestrian crashes occurred, were considered, as were the accident characteristics of the pedestrians and drivers. The analysis determined that the accident characteristics of drivers and pedestrians are more influential in pedestrian-vehicle crashes than the factors of the built environmental characteristics. However, there are substantial differences in injury severity relative to the pedestrian’s age. Young pedestrians (aged under 20 years old) are more likely to suffer serious injury in school zones; however, no association between silver zones and injury severity is found for elderly pedestrians. For people in the age range of 20–39 years old, the severity of pedestrian injuries is lower in areas with more crosswalks and speed cameras. People in the age range of 40–64 years old are more likely to be injured in areas with more neighborhood streets and industrial land use. Elderly pedestrians are likely to suffer fatal injuries in areas with more traffic signals. This study finds that there are differences in the factors of pedestrian injury severity according to the age of pedestrians. Therefore, it is suggested that concrete and efficient policies related to pedestrian age are required to improve pedestrian safety and reduce pedestrian-vehicle crashes.
2
Sun, Shi, Cheng Sun, Dorine C. Duives, and Serge P. Hoogendoorn. "Deviation of Pedestrian Path due to the Presence of Building Entrances." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (June 29, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5594738.
Full textAbstract:
Commercial areas, especially urban ones with numerous buildings, are becoming increasingly prone to congestion because of their popularity. Visual inspections show that interactions between pedestrians and building entrances affect the distribution of pedestrian trajectories, which influences the utility of pedestrian spaces and the design of urban shopping areas. Herein, we analyse the dynamics of pedestrian deviations around building entrances. We used a video recorded using an unmanned aerial vehicle to determine pedestrian trajectories in a Chinese commercial walking space. First, the candidate variables affecting deviation behaviours were determined via correlation testing. Second, two regression models were developed by considering the deviation behaviours of pedestrians walking past a building entrance. The models suggest that the starting position of a pedestrian’s deviation, the total pedestrian flow at the building entrance, the density in an area in the vicinity of the entrance, and the number of interacting pedestrians impact the total distance traversed during path deviation.
3
Budzynski, Marcin, Anna Gobis, Lucyna Guminska, Lukasz Jelinski, Mariusz Kiec, and Piotr Tomczuk. "Assessment of the Influence of Road Infrastructure Parameters on the Behaviour of Drivers and Pedestrians in Pedestrian Crossing Areas." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 15, 2021): 3559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123559.
Full textAbstract:
Pedestrians are participants and, most likely, fatalities in every third road traffic accident in Poland. Over 30% of all fatalities on Polish roads are pedestrians. Accidents with pedestrians are very often the result of various factors related to the infrastructure and behaviour of pedestrians and drivers. The objective of the work was to assess driver and pedestrian behaviour in pedestrian crossing areas. The research also served as a pilot study for similar work to be conducted across Poland, and constituted the basis for monitoring the behaviour of road users in the area of pedestrian crossings. Parameters which must be analysed were identified on the basis of field studies. Principles of selecting test sites were adopted, and measurement methods for pedestrian crossing areas are presented. The influence of the location of the selected test cross-section infrastructure parameters on the behaviour of road users in pedestrian crossing areas is demonstrated. The results of the study will be used as a basis for new solutions involving pedestrian crossing infrastructure designed to improve pedestrian safety. The results were also used in formulating new regulations for the design and maintenance of pedestrian crossings and recommendations for road safety auditors.
4
Ivan, Kinga, József Benedek, and Silviu Ciobanu. "School-Aged Pedestrian–Vehicle Crash Vulnerability." Sustainability 11, no. 4 (February 25, 2019): 1214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041214.
Full textAbstract:
The analysis of pedestrian–vehicle crashes makes a significant contribution to sustainable pedestrian safety. Existing research is based mainly on the statistical analysis of traffic crashes involving pedestrians and their causes, without the identification of areas vulnerable to traffic crashes that involve pedestrians. The main aim of this paper is to identify areas vulnerable to school-aged pedestrian–vehicle crashes at a local level to support the local authorities in implementing new urban traffic safety measures. The vulnerable areas were determined by computing the severity index (SI) based on the number of fatal, serious, and slight casualties throughout the 2011–2016 period in a large urban agglomeration (Bucharest). As well as the vulnerable areas, the triggering factors and the time intervals related to school-aged pedestrian–vehicle crashes were identified. The outcomes of the study showed that the vulnerable areas were concentrated only in districts 2 and 4 of Bucharest, and they were associated with high vehicle speed and pedestrians’ unsafe crossing behavior. The findings revealed that speed and age are triggering factors in generating school-aged pedestrian–vehicle crashes. The identified time peaks with a high number of traffic crashes correspond to the afternoon time intervals, when scholars go home from school. The identification of the areas vulnerable to school-aged pedestrian crashes may help local authorities in identifying and implementing measures to improve traffic safety in large urban agglomerations.
5
Papadimitriou, Eleonora, George Yannis, and John Golias. "Analysis of Pedestrian Road Crossing Behaviour in Urban Areas." International Journal of Operations Research and Information Systems 5, no. 2 (April 2014): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijoris.2014040103.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this research is the analysis of pedestrians behaviour along entire trips in urban road networks, with focus on their interaction with the traffic and the road environment while crossing roads. For this purpose, a special field survey was designed and carried out, which involved the recording of pedestrians road crossing behaviour along entire trips in real time by means of camera in motion at the centre of Athens, Greece. Based on the results of the field survey, an analysis of road crossing behaviour of pedestrians is presented, concerning characteristics of the trips, the pedestrians, the road environment and the traffic conditions. The results indicate that basic parameters of pedestrian trips (i.e. trip length, walking speed, number of crossings) can be described by appropriate probability distributions. They also reveal a tendency of pedestrians to cross either in the beginning or in the end of the trip, an increased probability of crossing at signalized junctions when these are available, and increased probability of crossing at mid-block in low traffic volume and on one-way roads. Furthermore, there is an overall tendency of pedestrians cross to at mid-block when the road and traffic conditions are favourable. On the contrary, more traffic lanes and increased traffic volume appear to discourage pedestrians from accepting important interaction with the vehicles and to lead them towards the choice of protected crossing locations. The proposed data collection method and the results of the analysis can be exploited in further research for the development of models of pedestrian crossing behaviour along entire trips in urban areas.
6
Guo, Rui, Chunfu Xin, Pei-Sung Lin, and Achilleas Kourtellis. "Mixed Effects Logistic Model to Address Demographics and Neighborhood Environment on Pedestrian Injury Severity." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2659, no. 1 (January 2017): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2659-19.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the effects of demographics and neighborhood environment on pedestrian injury severity to inform proactive countermeasures for improving pedestrian safety. A mixed effects logistic model addressing unobserved heterogeneity was developed from 3,948 pedestrian-involved crashes that occurred in Florida from 2011 to 2014. Six normally distributed random parameters were identified to reflect random effects on the pedestrian injury severity. The heterogeneity of two demographic factors (older and male pedestrians) suggested the need for more customized education programs to improve pedestrian safety awareness and knowledge, especially for older pedestrians. Relative to low-income areas, 67.7% of pedestrians involved in crashes in higher-income areas were less likely to sustain severe injury. Analysis of sample data also indicated that low-income areas tended to have had more unsafe behaviors by pedestrians related to higher injury severity (e.g., crossing at dark in unlighted areas). Higher-income areas tended to have had more unsafe behaviors by drivers related to higher injury severity (e.g., distracted driving). Other significant factors included lighting conditions (daylight, darkness without lighting), speed limit, alcohol or drug impairment, dart or dash behavior, crossing indicator, and traffic control device indicator. Regarding neighborhood land use types, two indicators about the presence of bus stops and department stores or supermarkets nearby were significant, and their effects were also random. Further investigations are needed to identify systematically the need for effective countermeasures in severe injury crash clusters in the future.
7
Tian, Renran, Stanley Chien, Yaobin Chen, and Rini Sherony. "Pedestrian Moving Patterns during Potential Conflicts with 110 On-Road Driving Vehicles." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, no. 1 (November 2019): 2036–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631434.
Full textAbstract:
As the most commonly seen vulnerable road users, protection and interaction with pedestrians are key functionalities in vehicle active safety and self-driving research areas. Development and evaluation of such systems require deeper understanding of pedestrian behaviors, especially motion patterns, in different driving environments. Traditionally, most of the pedestrian movement studies rely on fixed roadside cameras in specific road locations with higher pedestrian density, like intersections and junctions. Although these studies can provide information to describe pedestrian walking behavior and vehicle-pedestrian interactions in micro and macro levels, there are two main limitations. Firstly, pedestrian movement data are rarely collected from the vehicle’s point of view, which makes some critical variables difficult to be collected related to pedestrian initial appearance situation. Secondly, insufficient data are acquired to cover low- pedestrian-density road environments like mid-block, rural areas, and small un-controlled intersections. In this study, we focus on three important pedestrian movement variables including appearance distances, initial time-to-collision, and crossing speed under different driving and road scenarios. Based on a large-scale naturalistic driving study, crossing pedestrians were randomly captured in the scene videos from 110 passenger cars when potential ego-vehicle-to-pedestrian conflicts appeared during a one-year period. Motion data of these pedestrians were then analyzed to calculate the targeted behavior measurements, with the empirical results reported.
8
Bolten, Nicholas, and Anat Caspi. "Towards routine, city-scale accessibility metrics: Graph theoretic interpretations of pedestrian access using personalized pedestrian network analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): e0248399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248399.
Full textAbstract:
A wide range of analytical methods applied to urban systems address the modeling of pedestrian behavior. These include methods for multimodal trip service areas, access to businesses and public services, diverse metrics of “walkability”, and the interpretation of location data. Infrastructure performance metrics in particular are an increasingly important means by which to understand and provide services to an urbanizing population. In contrast to traditional one-size-fits all analyses of street networks, as more detailed pedestrian-specific transportation network data becomes available, the opportunity arises to model the pedestrian network in terms of individual experiences. Here, we present a formalized and city-scale framework, personalized pedestrian network analysis (PPNA), for embedding and retrieving pedestrian experiences. PPNA enables evaluation of new, detailed, and open pedestrian transportation network data using a quantitative parameterization of a pedestrian’s preferences and requirements, producing one or more weighted network(s) that provide a basis for posing varied urban pedestrian experience research questions, with four approaches provided as examples. We introduce normalized sidewalk reach (NSR), a walkshed-based metric of individual pedestrian access to the sidewalk network, and sidewalk reach quotient (SRQ), an estimate of inequity based on comparing the normalized sidewalk reach values for different pedestrian profiles at the same location. Next, we investigate a higher-order and combinatorial research question that enumerates pedestrian network-based amenity access between pedestrians. Finally, we present city-scale betweenness centrality calculations between unique pedestrian experiences, highlighting disagreement between pedestrians on the “importance” of various pedestrian network corridors. Taken together, this framework and examples represent a significant emerging opportunity to promote the embedding of more explicit and inclusive hypotheses of pedestrian experience into research on urban pedestrian accessibility, multimodal transportation modeling, urban network analysis, and a broader range of research questions.
9
Barón, Leidy, Jocilene Otila da Costa, Francisco Soares, Susana Faria, Maria Alice Prudêncio Jacques, and Elisabete Fraga de Freitas. "Effect of Built Environment Factors on Pedestrian Safety in Portuguese Urban Areas." Applied System Innovation 4, no. 2 (April 16, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asi4020028.
Full textAbstract:
This paper identifies and analyzes variables that influence pedestrian safety based on the definition of models of pedestrian crash frequency for urban areas in Portugal. It considers three groups of explanatory variables, namely: (i) built environment; (ii) pedestrian infrastructure, and (iii) road infrastructure, as well as exposure variables combining pedestrian and vehicular traffic volumes. Data on the 16 variables considered were gathered from locations in the counties of Braga and Guimarães. The inclusion of pedestrian infrastructure variables in studies of this type is an innovation that allows for measuring the impacts of the dimensions recommended for this type of infrastructure and assessing the implementation of policies to support the mobility of vulnerable users, especially pedestrians. Examples of such variables are unobstructed space for pedestrian mobility and the recommendable distance separating regulated crossings. Zero-Truncated Negative Binomial Regression Models (ZTNB) and Generalized Estimation Equations (GEE) are used to develop crash prediction models. Results show that in addition to the variables identified in similar studies such as carriageway width, other statistically significant variables like longitudinal slope and distance between crosswalks have a negative influence on pedestrian safety. On-street parking places, one-way streets, and the existence of raised medians have an opposite contribution to safety.
10
Jiang, Ying, and Zheng Yang. "Discussion on Overpass Pedestrian System in Downtown Area." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 1449–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.1449.
Full textAbstract:
We propose a comprehensive and multi-functional Overpass Pedestrian System to alleviate the serious traffic congestions in metropolitan areas of big cities in China. It is composed with three major parts: switching and connecting part, transportation part and service facility part. Compared with the pedestrian system and foot-bridges in some busy intersections in urban areas, this system is more efficient and human-oriented on separating pedestrian and vehicles. It can not only relieve the traffic congestion but also increase the comfortable level of walking. Differs from average isolated and single-functional foot-bridges, the system provides pedestrians with more pleasant walking experiences, thus increases pedestrians’ willing to use this system.
11
Bian, Yang, Lu Jian, and Lin Zhao. "Method to Determine Pedestrians Level of Service for Unsignalized Intersections." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 1936–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.1936.
Full textAbstract:
This paper aims at developing a Level of Service (LOS) model for unsignalized intersection crosswalks for pedestrians from the perspective of the pedestrian’s perception of comfort and safety in unsignalized intersection environment. Firstly, the potential primary factors influencing pedestrian LOS at crosswalk were summarized from three respects: traffic conflicts, crossing facilities and delay. Secondly, data for the model were collected, including 459 participants’ real-time sense of comfort and safety when they crossing the 11 selected intersection crosswalks and the design and operational characteristics of the selected intersections. The selected crosswalks were typical of those prevalent in the urban areas of China, and the participants of questionnaire survey covered a broad cross section of Chinese population of pedestrians. Based on the survey data, Pearson Correlation analysis and step-wise regression analysis were carried out to develop pedestrian LOS model for unsignalized intersections. A reliable, statistically calibrated pedestrian LOS model for unsignalized intersections was developed, suitable for application in the vast majority of Chinese urban areas. The study revealed that the factors significantly influencing pedestrian LOS at unsignalized intersections included: left turning bicycles from side streets, through bicycles from side streets, right turning bicycles from side streets, left turning bicycles approaching from the street parallel to the crosswalk, through bicycles from the approach opposite to the crosswalk, right turning bicycles from the street parallel to the crosswalk, through bicycles from the approach opposite to the crosswalk and the presence of the median.
12
Li, Xiao Meng, Xue Dong Yan, and Jiang Feng Wang. "Modeling Traffic Conflicts between Pedestrians and Vehicles at Signalized Intersection Based on the Cellular Automata." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 1881–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.1881.
Full textAbstract:
The traffic conflict between pedestrian and vehicle is a main factor that influences the intersection safety and capacity. In this paper, a conflict model that simulates the pedestrians and vehicles’ crossing behaviors when passing the pedestrian crossing area at signalized intersection is presented based on cellular automata method. Evolution rules for pedestrians, vehicles and conflicts between them are assigned. Four types of traffic conflict events and conflict areas are categorized and defined. On the basis of the simulation results, the pedestrian delay owning to traffic conflicts, the number of pedestrians’ conflicts, the conflict event and their relationships with the vehicle density as well as the pedestrian density are analyzed and discussed. This model reproduces realistic pedestrian-related traffic phenomenon effectively and can be used in more complex traffic environments at signalized intersections.
13
Wang, Yiyu, Jiaqi Ge, and Alexis Comber. "Simulation model of pedestrian flow based on multi-agent system and Bayesian Nash equilibrium." AGILE: GIScience Series 2 (June 4, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-2-42-2021.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Computer-based simulation is a means of exploring complex systems and has become the mainstream method of pedestrian research. In this research, a multi-agent simulation model of pedestrian flow will be established using a multi-agent system (MAS) and Bayesian Nash equilibrium. MAS is used to simulate the crowd movement and the interaction between pedestrians, and Bayesian Nash equilibrium is adopted to analyze the decision-making process of pedestrians. In contrast to previous pedestrian flow simulation modeling methods, this study adopts multi-agent modeling to realize the complete heterogeneity of pedestrians, so as to achieve more accurate simulation and make the research conclusions closer to reality. To be specific, we attempt to determine the cell side length and simulation time step of an initial model parameterized using a dataset of actual pedestrian movements. It allows more than one pedestrian to be in the same cell and stipulates that the utility of pedestrians decreases with the growing number of pedestrians in the cell. The Bayesian Nash equilibrium is applied to analyze the decision-making process of pedestrians and collision avoidance rules and interaction rules of agents are also formulated. A number of areas of further research are discussed.
14
Usher, John M., Eric Kolstad, and Xuan Liu. "Simulation of Pedestrian Behavior in Intermodal Facilities." International Journal of Agent Technologies and Systems 2, no. 3 (July 2010): 66–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jats.2010070105.
Full textAbstract:
Planning pedestrian environments requires that designers understand how pedestrians interact with their environment and one another. With improved knowledge, the design and planning of pedestrian areas can provide improvements in safety, throughput, and utility. This paper provides an overview of the Intermodal Simulator for the Analysis of Pedestrian Traffic (ISAPT). It focuses on the methodologies used in simulation of the pedestrian traffic, including route planning and navigation. Several illustrations of the system’s ability to reproduce observed crowd behavior are provided.
15
Rahmati, Yalda, Alireza Talebpour, Archak Mittal, and James Fishelson. "Game Theory-Based Framework for Modeling Human–Vehicle Interactions on the Road." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 9 (July 17, 2020): 701–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120931513.
Full textAbstract:
New application domains have faded the barriers between humans and robots, introducing a new set of complexities to robotic systems. The major impediment is the uncertainties associated with human decision making, which makes it challenging to predict human behavior. A realistic model of human behavior is thus vital to capture humans’ interactive behavior with their surroundings and provide robots with reliable estimates on what is most likely to happen. Focusing on operations of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) in areas with a high presence of human actors (i.e., pedestrians), this study creates an interactive decision-making framework to predict pedestrians’ trajectories when walking in a shared environment with vehicles and other pedestrians. It develops a game theoretical structure to approximate the movement and directional components of pedestrian motion using the theory of Nash equilibria in non-cooperative games. It also introduces a novel payoff structure to address the inherent uncertainties in human behavior. Ground truth pedestrian trajectories are then used to calibrate the game parameters and evaluate the model’s performance in approximating the motion decisions of human agents in interaction with interfering vehicles and pedestrians. The main contribution of the study is to develop an interactive human–vehicle decision-making framework toward realizing human–vehicle coexistence by capturing the effect of pedestrian–vehicle and pedestrian–pedestrian interactions on choice of walking strategies. The derived knowledge could be used in CAV navigation algorithms to provide the vehicle with more accurate predictions of pedestrian behavior, and in turn, improve CAV motion planning in human-populated areas.
16
Moudon, Anne Vernez, Paul M. Hess, Mary Catherine Snyder, and Kiril Stanilov. "Effects of Site Design on Pedestrian Travel in Mixed-Use, Medium-Density Environments." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1578, no. 1 (January 1997): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1578-07.
Full textAbstract:
Whether high or low incidence of pedestrian travel in mixed-use, medium-density environments is due to site design characteristics, and specifically to presence of direct, continuous, and safe pedestrian systems, is examined. Twelve neighborhood centers or sites in the Puget Sound area of Washington were selected by matching gross residential density, median income, automobile ownership, and intensity and type of neighborhood commercial development. Pedestrians and bicyclists were recorded that traveled into the commercial area. A clear break emerges between urban and suburban sites. The average urban pedestrian volume is 37.7 pedestrians per hour per 1,000 residents, which is 3 times higher than the 12.5 pedestrians per hour per 1,000 residents in suburban sites. These results strongly support the hypothesis that, when holding other variables constant, the urban versus suburban difference in route directness and completeness of pedestrian facilities (namely, block size and sidewalk length) affects pedestrian volumes. The research also questions the common belief that people do not walk in the suburbs. Given appropriate land use conditions, pedestrian facility improvement programs in suburban areas can support pedestrian travel and have a significant influence on mode choice.
17
Miro, Fidel. "Analisis Kinerja Fasilitas Pejalan Kaki di Pusat Perbelanjaan Kota Padang." Warta Penelitian Perhubungan 23, no. 5 (May 15, 2019): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.25104/warlit.v23i5.1102.
Full textAbstract:
The walking facilities in Pasar Raya and Permindo corridor not using effectively. Uneffective is caution the facility condition still not representative of quantity or quality and supply of facilities unstandarize with pedestrian behavior. The objective research is analysis performance of the walking facilities on a long this corridor based characteristic pedestrian behavior, perception and preferences walkers for facilhj supply. The Aproach metlwde in this research is: Identify pedestrian behavior, perception and preferences walkers. Evaluation performaces walking facilities supply. Knowledge the demand side for quantity walking facilities by measurement pedestrian traffic flaws. Someone inffiuences of pedestrians behavior is follow; walking facility dimention must can be capacity walkers with together 2 to 3 persons or more, walkers do not like trade informal (PKL) on walking path (trotoar), walker will be change to roads, if walking path is inconnection, pedestrian not using zebra cross caution is the near path. Tize basic this variables and the supply facilities equal with satndarize, pedestrian areas must free of inconnecting and accessibility mobile in this area. Tiw big qonsequency in aplly this reseach of pedestrian facilities performance is take areas from people to increase dimention of trotoar for can be capasity of pedestrian traffic flows. Other analysis about increase capasity of pedestrian facility, special for supply unstandarized. Pedestrian facility influence of pedestrian desire, hope using facility walkers increase and central bussiness distric areas becomes high economic for Padang.Key Words: Performance, Pedestrian Facility and Central Bussiness Distric.
18
Yogi Arisandi and Khusnul Khotimah. "Analysis Conextivity Sidewalk Desaign In Tasikmalaya School Area." Journal of Sosial Science 1, no. 3 (July 26, 2020): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/jsss.v1i3.31.
Full textAbstract:
In some areas of Tasikmalaya there is an education zone. Conditions in the zone, some students are forced to walk on the road because of the unavailability of sidewalks or dealing with traffic vehicles passing by and very unfriendly to school children. To improve the safety, comfort and safety of pedestrian users, it is necessary to plan the needs of integrated pedestrian facilities in Tasikmalaya Regency. In this study using pedestrian analysis method that is done on sidewalk and pedestrian way and method of alignment analysis. It was found that the volume of vehicles> 1000 vehicles / 12 hours and pedestrian volume> 300orang / 12 hours. Pedestrian facilities such as sidewalks and pedestrian facilities are indispensable in the education zone of Tasikmalaya Regency to minimize conflicts (vehicles and pedestrians). In one of the research sites, namely on Jl. K. H. Zaenal Musthafa requires pelican crossing because of the huge volume of vehicles and the very high volume of pedestrians. Integrated pedestrian concept is done by connecting Jl. Paledang with Jl. Garut-Tasikmalaya, Jl. Bantar Payung- Jl.Garut-Tasikmalaya.
19
Quan, Yong, Shuo Wang, Ming Gu, De Qian Zheng, and Ai She Zhang. "Assessment of Pedestrian Level Wind Environment of a Group of High-Rise Buildings Based on Numerical Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 1553–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.1553.
Full textAbstract:
The pedestrian level wind environment including wind comfort and wind safety was assessed with the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method. The joint probability distribution of the local wind speed and direction information was obtained using the raw meteorological data. The aerodynamic information of the entire flow field was obtained using CFD software. The results of the assessment of pedestrian wind environment were obtained using the Lawson's criterion of wind comfort and wind safety. The results indicated that there are potential safety risks near the corners around the high-rise buildings (5-10m regions). Pedestrians should avoid accessing these areas. The areas can be set to green areas. Most of other areas are comfortable and safe for pedestrians. Some areas are not suitable for long-term standing or sitting.
20
Safitri, Revy, and Ririn Amelia. "Walkability Index in Commercial Area of Pangkalpinang City." Jurnal Infrastruktur 5, no. 2 (December 5, 2019): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.35814/infrastruktur.v5i2.1009.
Full textAbstract:
One of the commercial areas in Pangkalpinang City is located in Pangkalpinang Plaza - Bangka Trade Center Area. As a commercial area, this area generates a large number of trips. Trip attractions towards this area are not only vehicle trips but also trips of the pedestrians. The trips of pedestrians in this area require pedestrian facilities. Evaluation of pedestrian facilities needs to be carried out to provide adequate pedestrian facilities. Pedestrian facilities can be evaluated based on walkability assessments. This study aims to evaluate the pedestrian facilities in Pangkalpinang Plaza - Bangka Trade Center Area through walkability index assessment. In measuring the walkability index, the pedestrian routes in this area are divided into 16 road segments. Then, the walkability index will be assessed using 9 parameters in each road segment. In this study, the walkability index assessment was carried out by comparing assessments based on the inventory of pedestrian facilities and based on perceptions of pedestrians. The results show that Pangkalpinang Plaza - Bangka Trade Center Area is in bad condition for walking. Besides that, this research reveals both based on an inventory of pedestrian facilities and based on pedestrian perceptions, that the disability infrastructure is not yet available. The results of this study also show that most of the parameters are not good enough, so it is necessary to improve pedestrian facilities. Furthermore, the results of this study can be used as a consideration of the government for improving pedestrian facilities in Pangkalpinang Plaza - Bangka Trade Center Area.
21
Chen, Yi Zhou, Si Jing Cai, and Yun Feng Deng. "Simulation Study on Main Affect Factors to the Evacuation Corridor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 3533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.3533.
Full textAbstract:
The primary goal of emergency evacuation for pedestrians is evacuating as many people as possible to safe areas in a shortest time when the accident occurred. And the primary factor of pedestrian evacuation is egress. According to the literature, we can know that the reasonable design of the evacuation corridor and the right guidance to pedestrians are very important, and analyzed main affect factors to the evacuation corridor, which affect of the evacuation speed for corridor at different pedestrian flows intensity, the width of evacuation corridor, setting canalization to corridor and the size of space of corridor peripheral. This paper use VISSIM simulation software to study on pedestrian flows evacuation. So the formulation for pedestrian evacuation program should consider a variety of elements for the design of the evacuation egress and corridors to increase efficiency and reliability for pedestrian evacuation.
22
Zhao, Lin, Yang Bian, Jian Lu, and Jian Rong. "Method to Determine Pedestrian Level of Service for the Overall Unsignalized Midblock Crossings of Road Segments." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (January 1, 2014): 652986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/652986.
Full textAbstract:
This paper aims at developing a pedestrian level of service (LOS) model for the overall unsignalized midblock crossings of road segments from the perspective of the pedestrian's perception of safety and convenience in Chinese midblock crossing environment. Firstly, the potential primary factors influencing pedestrian LOS at unsignalized midblock crosswalks were summarized from four respects: traffic conflicts, the distance between crosswalks, crossing facilities, and delay. Secondly, 948 participants’ real-time sense of safety and convenience when they were crossing the 30 selected unsignalized midblock crosswalks and the design and operational characteristics of the selected road segments were collected. The selected midblock crosswalks were typical of those prevalent in the medium-sized urban areas of China, and the participants of questionnaire survey covered a broad cross section of Chinese population of pedestrians. Finally, Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis were carried out to develop pedestrian LOS model for the overall unsignalized midblock crossings of road segments. The results revealed that the factors significantly influencing pedestrian LOS of the overall unsignalized midblock crossings of road segments included volume of two-way motor vehicle, the distance between marked midblock crosswalks, and the distance between unmarked crosswalks. A reliable, statistically calibrated pedestrian LOS model was developed ( R2 = 0.80).
23
Noland, Robert B. "Pedestrian Travel Times and Motor Vehicle Traffic Signals." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1553, no. 1 (January 1996): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196155300104.
Full textAbstract:
Traffic signals generally have been installed to maximize the flow of motor vehicle traffic by reducing the average travel delay time. Under free-flow conditions, motor vehicle travel delay is very sensitive to the amount of green phase and the total cycle of the traffic signal. Average pedestrian delay at traffic signals is not taken into account. Some simple examples are used to demonstrate that travel time delay costs to pedestrians caused by existing signalization cycles may often result in increased travel time costs to society. In areas with heavy pedestrian traffic (or during peak pedestrian hours), traffic signals should trade off the costs of motor vehicle delay with pedestrian delay. This may suggest that in some areas, motor vehicle traffic should be banned or severely restricted. Narrower street widths that can allow reduced total signal cycle times can also reduce pedestrian delay.
24
Handayani, Sri, Mirza Irwansyah, and Muhammad Isya. "TINJAUAN SARANA DAN PRASARANA JALUR PEDESTRIAN DI KAWASAN PEUNAYONG, BANDA ACEH." Jurnal Arsip Rekayasa Sipil dan Perencanaan 1, no. 3 (September 11, 2018): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jarsp.v1i3.11821.
Full textAbstract:
Pedestrian path is one of the important elements in urban areas that support mobility of pedestrian movement. Pedestrian accessibility is largely determined by pedestrian track conditions. Pedestrian paths must meet the physical criteria in terms of facilities and infrastructure. The existence of pedestrian path in Peunayong area which is one of the central business area, trade and service center and heritage area still not equipped with facilities and infrastructure in accordance with the provisions and requirements of the Ministry of Public Works plus the density of activity that occurred in this region caused a change function of the pedestrian itself. The formulation of the problem in this research is how the condition of pedestrian path facilities and infrastructure in Peunayong area is related to the terms, requirements and reviews of the library and accessibility for pedestrians including pedestrians with special needs or have physical limitations. The discussion is based on the results of observations on the condition of pedestrian path facilities and infrastructure in Peunayong area, comparing it with standard, rules and literature review. Data of observation result will be analyzed by qualitative descriptive method.
25
Li, Pei Feng, and Shui Wan. "Development of Materials Used in Pedestrian Bridges." Advanced Materials Research 1025-1026 (September 2014): 1010–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.1010.
Full textAbstract:
With coverage of municipal transport network, more and more pedestrian bridges appeared in traffic dense areas of the city, thus well solving the security problems of pedestrians crossing the street. Although at this stage, for the construction of pedestrian bridges in practical engineering, the traditional reinforced concrete structure still occupied dominant position, a variety of new materials have also been more widely used. This paper mainly discusses the development of materials used in pedestrian bridges.
26
Idewu, Wakeel, Dogucan Mazicioglu, and Hana Naghawi. "Determining Confusion for Traditional and Experimental Pedestrian Signals in Rural and Suburban Areas in the United States." Modern Applied Science 12, no. 9 (August 14, 2018): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v12n9p87.
Full textAbstract:
Walking is a mode of travel used by billions of people daily. Facilities that promote walking such as crosswalks often involve sharing space with conflicting vehicular traffic. These areas are not immune to receiving pedestrians that either do not obey or do not understand today’s pedestrian signals, which are used to communicate periods of safe crossing. Therefore, improving comprehension would subsequently improve safety and crash rates. The Traditional Pedestrian Signal in the United States displays an illuminated man and a hand to indicate a cautionary-crossing period, a transition period, and a crossing-prohibited period. This signal type was evaluated and compared to a relatively new Experimental Pedestrian Signal. The Experimental Pedestrian Signal presented in this paper utilized the figure of a walking man changing only by the colors green, yellow, and red. Both signals were analyzed to identify the phases that best communicated the intended action. Video files depicting a Traditional and Experimental Signal were administered with a questionnaire to test the comprehension of rural and suburban participants. The results indicated that the Experimental Pedestrian Signal was not better understood than the current Traditional Signal, although a vast majority of participants preferred the Experimental Signal. The lowest comprehension occurred during the transition phase for both pedestrian signal types. The results also suggest that the interpretation of the yellow color varies by location and may invoke mixed responses if incorporated in pedestrian signals. A more appropriate solution may be to combine both symbolic and color cues into future pedestrian signals.
27
Febres, Juan Diego, Miguel Ángel Mariscal, Sixto Herrera, and Susana García-Herrero. "Pedestrians’ Injury Severity in Traffic Accidents in Spain: A Pedestrian Actions Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (June 5, 2021): 6439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116439.
Full textAbstract:
Road traffic accidents are currently between the seventh and tenth leading cause of death in the world, with approximately 1.35 million people killed per year. Despite extensive efforts by governments, according to the World Health Organization, road accidents still cause far too many deaths, especially among pedestrians, cyclists and two-wheel motor vehicle riders, who together account for almost 50% of road traffic fatalities. In particular, Spain had 410,974 traffic accidents between 2016 and 2019, involving 722,516 vehicles and 61,177 pedestrians with varying degrees of injury. This study uses the Bayesian network method to understand how the pedestrians’ responsibility and actions at the time of the traffic accident affect the injury suffered by said pedestrian, also considering the variables of the road infrastructure and vehicles at the accident site. The results confirm that the variables linked to the unsafe behavior of pedestrians, and their responsibility in traffic accidents, increase the risk of suffering serious or fatal injuries during an accident; for example, if a pedestrian is distracted this increases his/her probability of suffering a severe injury (27.86%) with respect to not being distracted (20.73%). Conditions related to traffic in high-speed areas, areas with no or poor lighting, and areas lacking sidewalks, also record increases in pedestrian injury, as is the case in the age group of pedestrians over 60 years of age.
28
Wei, Chang Hai, Yu Huan Wang, and Xu Wang. "Study on Left-Turning Traffic Flow Characteristics under Different Pedestrian Violation Rates at Signalized Intersection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 2053–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.2053.
Full textAbstract:
Conflicts between left-turning vehicles and pedestrians are common at signalized intersection in most developing countries. A new cellular automaton model is proposed to characterize left-turning traffic flow. New status update rules and driving behavior in affected areas and nonaffected areas are defined. Indexes of density, average speed and volume under different pedestrian violation rates are compared to quantify the impact of conflicts on left-turning traffic flow. Simulation results illustrate that pedestrian violations have a great impact on left-turning traffic flow and capacity of the intersection. Therefore, taking countermeasures will improve vehicle maneuvers, reduce the number of pedestrian accidents and increase the capacity of the intersection.
29
Niu, Yiru, Zhihua Xu, Ershuai Xu, Gongwei Li, Yuan Huo, and Wenbin Sun. "Monocular Pedestrian 3D Localization for Social Distance Monitoring." Sensors 21, no. 17 (September 2, 2021): 5908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21175908.
Full textAbstract:
Social distancing protocols have been highly recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to curb the spread of COVID-19. However, one major challenge to enforcing social distancing in public areas is how to perceive people in three dimensions. This paper proposes an innovative pedestrian 3D localization method using monocular images combined with terrestrial point clouds. In the proposed approach, camera calibration is achieved based on the correspondences between 2D image points and 3D world points. The vertical coordinates of the ground plane where pedestrians stand are extracted from the point clouds. Then, using the assumption that the pedestrian is always perpendicular to the ground, the 3D coordinates of the pedestrian’s feet and head are calculated iteratively using collinear equations. This allows the three-dimensional localization and height determination of pedestrians using monocular cameras, which are widely distributed in many major cities. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated using two different datasets. Experimental results show that the pedestrian localization error of the proposed approach was less than one meter within tens of meters and performed better than other localization techniques. The proposed approach uses simple and efficient calculations, obtains accurate location, and can be used to implement social distancing rules. Moreover, since the proposed approach also generates accurate height values, exclusionary schemes to social distancing protocols, particularly the parent-child exemption, can be introduced in the framework.
30
Ahmed, Tufail, Mehdi Moeinaddini, Meshal Almoshaogeh, Arshad Jamal, Imran Nawaz, and Fawaz Alharbi. "A New Pedestrian Crossing Level of Service (PCLOS) Method for Promoting Safe Pedestrian Crossing in Urban Areas." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 20, 2021): 8813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168813.
Full textAbstract:
Crosswalks are critical locations in the urban transport network that need to be designed carefully as pedestrians are directly exposed to vehicular traffic. Although various methods are available to evaluate the level of service (LOS) at pedestrian crossings, pedestrian crossing facilities are frequently ignored in assessing crosswalk conditions. This study attempts to provide a comprehensive framework for evaluating crosswalks based on several essential indicators adopted from different guidelines. A new pedestrian crossing level of service (PCLOS) method is introduced in this research, with an aimto promote safe and sustainable operations at such locations. The new PCLOS employs an analytical point system to compare existing street crossing conditions to the guidelines’ standards, taking into account the scores and coefficients of the indicators. The quantitative scores and coefficients of indicators are assigned based on field observations and respondent opinions. The method was tested to evaluate four pedestrian crosswalks in the city of Putrajaya, Malaysia. A total of 17 indicators were selected for the study after a comprehensive literature review. Survey results show that the provision of a zebra crossing was the most critical indicator at the pedestrian crossings, while drainage near crosswalks was regarded as the least important. Four indicators had a coefficient value above 4, indicating that these are very critical pedestrian crossing facilities and significantly impact the calculation of LOS for pedestrian crossings. Four crosswalks were evaluated using the proposed method in Putrajaya, Malaysia. The crosswalk at the Ministry of Domestic Trade Putrajaya got the “PCLOS A”. In contrast, the midblock crossing in front of the Putrajaya Corporation was graded “PCLOS C”. While the remaining two crosswalks were graded as “PCLOS B” crosswalks. Based on the assigned PCLOS grade, the proposed method could also assist in identifying current design and operation issues in existing pedestrian crossings and providing sound policy recommendations for improvements to ensure pedestrian safety.
31
Yang, Chengcheng, Jiawen Wang, and Jieshuang Dong. "Capacity Model of Exclusive Right-Turn Lane at Signalized Intersection considering Pedestrian-Vehicle Interaction." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (August 1, 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1534564.
Full textAbstract:
In high density urban areas, pedestrians have a great influence on the capacity of intersections. This paper studies the influence of pedestrians on road capacity and proposes an exclusive right-turn lane capacity model considering pedestrian-vehicle interaction (PV-RTC). Firstly, a pedestrian-vehicle interaction (PVI) model is proposed based on the logit model and static games theory of incomplete information. Through this model, the probability of 6 kinds of pedestrian-vehicle interaction situations (vehicles yield to pedestrians, pedestrians yield to vehicles, etc.) in the crosswalk can be obtained. Then, based on the basic idea of the stop line method and the probabilities of above situations, the PV-RTC model is established, and the sensitivity analysis of the important factors (pedestrian arrival rate, yielding rate, and green time ratio) affecting the model is carried out to clarify the mechanism of the proposed model. Finally, a pedestrian-vehicle interaction model of cellular automata for the exclusive right-turn lane is established and its simulation results are compared with the results of the PV-RTC model. The results show that the relative error between the microscopic simulation model and PV-RTC model is less than 15% overall, which verifies the validity of the PV-RTC model. This study provides references for a more precise estimation method of pedestrian impact on road capacity.
32
Lian, Haitao, Yike Hu, and R. D. Rohmat Saedudin. "Evacuation simulation of different flow ratios in low-density state." Open Physics 17, no. 1 (April 5, 2019): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2019-0009.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The relationship between the factors of formation mechanism of stratification and the pedestrian ratio in low-density state has not been analyzed by the existing human flow evacuation simulation method, so that the simulation effect is poor. Thus, the evacuation simulation method for different flow ratios in low-density state is proposed to analyze the walking characteristics of the opposite pedestrians. On the basis of the random deviation grid gas model, the view field of pedestrian is introduced as one parameter. Considering the preference characteristics of pedestrians for the movement of open areas within the view field, the improved random deviation grid gas model is constructed. Through the model, the stratification characteristics of the opposite pedestrian flow in the simple channel scene are simulated. The results show that the proposed method can reproduce the characteristics of non-layering phenomenon of opposite pedestrian flow in low-density state. According to the probability of layer formation, the density of the opposite pedestrian flow is divided into five intervals. The opposite pedestrian flow in the critical density region is metastable, and is susceptible to interference. These results are consistent with the dynamic evolution of the actual opposite pedestrian flow.
33
Lv, Muhan, Ningcheng Wang, Shenjun Yao, Jianping Wu, and Lei Fang. "Towards Healthy Aging: Influence of the Built Environment on Elderly Pedestrian Safety at the Micro-Level." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 10, 2021): 9534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189534.
Full textAbstract:
As vulnerable road users, elderly pedestrians are more likely to be injured in road crashes due to declining physical and perceptual capabilities. Most previous studies on the influence of the built environment on elderly pedestrian safety focused on intersections or areal units. Using a district of Shanghai as the study area, this research investigated the effects of the built environment at the road segment level with elderly pedestrian collision, taxi tracking point, point of interest, street view image, open street map, land use, housing price, and elderly population datasets. In particular, this research employed both Poisson and geographically weighted Poisson regression (GWPR) models to account for spatial nonstationarity. The Poisson model indicates that green space, sidewalks, and junctions on the roads significantly affected elderly pedestrian safety, and roads around nursing homes, schools, bus stops, metro stations, traditional markets, and supermarkets were hazardous for elderly pedestrians. The results of the GWPR model suggest that the influence of factors varied across the study area. Green space could decrease the risk of elderly pedestrian collisions only in areas without congested environments. Separations need to be installed between roadways and sidewalks to improve elderly road safety.
34
Zhu, Jiasong, Siyuan Chen, Wei Tu, and Ke Sun. "Tracking and Simulating Pedestrian Movements at Intersections Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." Remote Sensing 11, no. 8 (April 16, 2019): 925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11080925.
Full textAbstract:
For a city to be livable and walkable is the ultimate goal of future cities. However, conflicts among pedestrians, vehicles, and cyclists at traffic intersections are becoming severe in high-density urban transportation areas, especially in China. Correspondingly, the transit time at intersections is becoming prolonged, and pedestrian safety is becoming endangered. Simulating pedestrian movements at complex traffic intersections is necessary to optimize the traffic organization. We propose an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based method for tracking and simulating pedestrian movements at intersections. Specifically, high-resolution videos acquired by a UAV are used to recognize and position moving targets, including pedestrians, cyclists, and vehicles, using the convolutional neural network. An improved social force-based motion model is proposed, considering the conflicts among pedestrians, cyclists, and vehicles. In addition, maximum likelihood estimation is performed to calibrate an improved social force model. UAV videos of intersections in Shenzhen are analyzed to demonstrate the performance of the presented approach. The results demonstrate that the proposed social force-based motion model can effectively simulate the movement of pedestrians and cyclists at road intersections. The presented approach provides an alternative method to track and simulate pedestrian movements, thus benefitting the organization of pedestrian flow and traffic signals controlling the intersections.
35
Petritsch, Theodore A., Bruce W. Landis, Peyton S. McLeod, Herman F. Huang, Srikalyan Challa, and Martin Guttenplan. "Level-of-Service Model for Pedestrians at Signalized Intersections." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1939, no. 1 (January 2005): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193900107.
Full textAbstract:
This paper documents a study performed to develop a level-of-service (LOS) model that accurately represents pedestrians’ perceptions of crossings at signalized intersections. This model incorporates perceived safety and comfort (i.e., perceived exposure and conflicts) and operations (i.e., delay and signalization). Data for the model were obtained from an innovative Walk for Science field data collection event and video simulations. The data consist of ( a) participants’ perceptions of safety, comfort, and operations as they walk through selected signalized intersections and ( b) the design and operational characteristics of these intersections. The resulting model provides a measure of the pedestrian's perspective on how well an intersection's geometric and operational characteristics meets his or her needs. The pedestrian LOS model for intersections described in this paper is based on Pearson correlation analyses and stepwise regression modeling of approximately 800 combined real-time perceptions (observations) from pedestrians walking a course through signalized intersections in a typical U.S. metropolitan area. The resulting general model for the pedestrian LOS at intersections is highly reliable, has a high correlation coefficient ( R2 = .73) with the average observations, and is transferable to the majority of metropolitan areas in the United States. Primary factors in the pedestrian LOS model for intersections include right-turn-on-red volumes for the street being crossed, permissive left turns from the street parallel to the crosswalk motor vehicle volume on the street being crossed, midblock 85th percentile speed of the vehicles on the street being crossed, number of lanes being crossed, pedestrian's delay, and presence or absence of right-turn channelization islands.
36
Lasota, Dorota, Ahmed Al-Wathinani, Paweł Krajewski, Krzysztof Goniewicz, and Witold Pawłowski. "Alcohol and Road Accidents Involving Pedestrians as Unprotected Road Users." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (December 2, 2020): 8995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238995.
Full textAbstract:
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than half of all road fatalities involve vulnerable road users, i.e., pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists. Poland is classified as one of the European Union (EU) countries marked by low road safety, with a higher frequency of accidents involving pedestrians compared to other EU countries (31% of all fatalities). Among unprotected road users, a significant group of victims are pedestrians, who are often under the influence of alcohol. This study aims to analyze the impact of alcohol on the risk of occurrence and consequences of road accidents among pedestrians. The source of data was the medical documentation of the Department of Forensic Medicine of the Medical University of Warsaw. In more than half of pedestrian deaths, the presence of alcohol was found; regardless of the place of the event and the place of death, among the victims under the influence of alcohol, males dominated; the average age of the victims under the influence of alcohol was significantly lower compared to the average age of sober victims, with younger victims being significantly more likely to die at the scene of the accident, especially in rural areas; significantly higher alcohol concentrations were found in males, in victims who died at the scene of the accident, and with victims of accidents in rural areas. Among pedestrian traffic accident fatalities, the most numerous group comprised young men under the influence of alcohol. In rural areas, a higher percentage of pedestrian victims died at the scene as a result of excessive alcohol consumption. These areas should be subject to intensive preventive measures to increase the safety of pedestrians as unprotected road users.
37
Al-Omari, Bashar H., and Eman S. Obaidat. "Analysis of Pedestrian Accidents in Irbid City, Jordan." Open Transportation Journal 7, no. 1 (February 22, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874447801307010001.
Full textAbstract:
The numbers of people who are walking and bicycling continues to increase all over the world and pedestrian accidents are becoming a serious problem in the developed and developing countries. However, the problem is more severe in the developing countries, such as Jordan where pedestrians represented 32.5% of all traffic accident fatalities and 23.8% of all traffic accident injuries during the year 2010. This study aims at analyzing pedestrian accidents in Irbid city, as an example for urban areas in Jordan, based on a total of 1090 pedestrian accidents that have occurred in the City during the three years period (1999 - 2001). The analysis was based on pedestrian characteristics, driver characteristics, accident time, accident location, weather, road surface condition, illumination condition, vehicle characteristics, speed limit, accident severity, pedestrian faults, and driver faults. Geographic Information System (GIS) tool was used to locate all pedestrian accidents over the study area. The results of the study showed that the majority of pedestrian accidents have occurred at non-intersection locations, during clear and sunny weather, on dry surface, during daylight, and at low speed limits. Also, more pedestrian accidents have occurred during the afternoons, on Thursdays, and during July. The majority of involved drivers in pedestrian accidents were males, with private license type, driving private vehicles and committed the fault of “not giving priority to pedestrians”. The majority of pedestrian victims were males, children less than 15 years old, and hit by vehicles while crossing the road.
38
Jha, Abhaya, Geetam Tiwari, Dinesh Mohan, Sudipto Mukherjee, and Subhashish Banerjee. "Analysis of Pedestrian Movement on Delhi Roads by Using Naturalistic Observation Techniques." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2634, no. 1 (January 2017): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2634-14.
Full textAbstract:
Pedestrian fatalities constitute about 30% of the deaths caused by road traffic crashes in India. The proportion of pedestrian fatalities in large cities (Delhi, Mumbai, etc.) varies from 50% to 60% and is about 20% to 30% on national and state highways. Pedestrians are present on all road categories in urban as well as rural areas. At least 20% to 40% of work trips are taken as pedestrian trips in most Indian cities. However, on pedestrian facilities such as footpaths, safe crossing facilities are not present in most Indian cities. Even when present, their poor maintenance and poor construction quality make them unusable. As a result, pedestrians are forced to share the road space with motorized vehicles and to cross the roads where there is no safe pedestrian crossing. This paper attempts to study pedestrian behavior—walking along the road and crossing the road—by detecting pedestrians with the use of a vehicle-mounted camera. The vehicle is driven on various categories of roads at different times. The data collected with this method are varied temporally as well as spatially. A smartphone–based GPS logging app was used to collect telemetry data, which were synced with the camera feed. The objective of this study was to understand pedestrian behavior—walking on the road versus a footpath in the presence of various road features, such as the number of lanes, presence of medians, and presence of footpaths. The influence of the presence of public transport stops, junctions, foot bridges, and grade-separated junctions (flyover) on pedestrian crossing behavior was studied.
39
Papadimitriou, E., J. M. Auberlet, G. Yannis, and S. Lassarre. "Simulation of Pedestrians and Motorised Traffic." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 6, no. 1 (January 2014): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitn.2014010105.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this paper is the analysis of the state of the art in pedestrian simulation models and the identification of key issues for further research, with particular focus on the modelling of pedestrians and motorised traffic. A review and a comparative assessment of pedestrian simulation models are carried out, including macroscopic models, earlier meso- and miscosimulation models (mostly in Cellular Automata) and more recent Multi-Agent simulation models. The reviewed models cover a broad range of research topics: pedestrian flow and level of service, crowd dynamics and evacuations, route choice etc. However, pedestrian movement in urban areas and the interactions between pedestrians and vehicles have received notably less attention. A number of challenges to be addressed in future research are outlined: first, the need to and account for the hierarchical behavioural model of road users (strategic / tactical / operational behaviour); second, the need for appropriate description and parameterization of vehicle and pedestrian networks and their crossing points; third, the need to exploit in the simulation models the results of statistical and probabilistic models, which offer valuable insight in the determinants of pedestrian behaviour. In each case, recent studies towards addressing these challenges are outlined.
40
Nasrudin, Naasah, Marlyana Azyyati Marzukhi, Oliver Ling Hoon Leh, Zaharah Mohd Yusoff, and Nurul Shakila Khalid. "Modelling Pedestrian Crossing Behaviour based on Human Factor." MATEC Web of Conferences 308 (2020): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030803003.
Full textAbstract:
Research on pedestrian crossing behaviour in urban areas is extensive and has contributed to very useful insights into the role of road, traffic and pedestrian characteristics on the crossing decisions of pedestrians, their compliance with traffic rules and the related safety. However, human factors are rarely incorporated in pedestrian crossing behaviour research. The objective of this research is to analyse the development of pedestrian crossing choice models on the basis of road traffic and human factors. For that purpose, a questionnaire was distributed to 663 respondents among pedestrians in the Shah Alam district. The respondents were asked to fill in a questionnaire about their travel motivations, ability characteristics, risk perceptions and preferences with respect to walking and road crossing, as well as their opinion on drivers, etc. From the modelling analysis, the results showed that there is a significant relationship between Human Factor and Crossing Behaviour; there were two components of Human Factor that influenced pedestrian crossing behaviour to emerge, namely a “risk-taker” and a “rule-follower”. Based on ‘path coefficient’ of Human Factor analysis, this study concludes that a ‘risk-taker’ component contributed more to Crossing Behaviour. The findings of this research can be used to evaluate the implementation of new pedestrian crossings and a redesign of existing pedestrian crossing environments.
41
Erlangga, Dwiky, Dewi Handayani, and Syafi'i Syafi'i. "KONSEP WALKABILITY INDEX DAN PENANGANAN FASILITAS PEJALAN KAKI PADA KAWASAN JALAN PERKOTAAN DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Riset Rekayasa Sipil 4, no. 1 (September 30, 2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jrrs.v4i1.44633.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Walkability Index (WI) is a method to assess the walkability level on pedestrian facilities with the main components of: safety and security, convinience and attractiveness, as well as government policies. Generally, this method is utilized to review the pedestrian facilities walkability in urban areas, particularly in CBD (Central Business District) which is the hub for activities center, such as economic, business, education, healthcare, transit to tourism areas. The rapid development of activities leads to the increasing number of visitors in those areas, such as on Jalan Slamet Riyadi, Surakarta. This condition needs to be balanced with the availability of adequate facilities and infrastructure, one of them is the sidewalks to facilitate the pedestrian movement from one place to another. Indonesia did not have any assessment criteria for sidewalks in terms of scoring even though<em> </em>some variables on WI have already existed in the Circular Letter of the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing 02/SE/M/2018 on the Guidelines for Pedestrian Facility Planning. This paper presents the recommendation of assesment and category based on the regulation in Indonesia. It is expected to benefit the determination of priority on pedestrian facility handling in the field. Literature study as the foundation of this paper attempts to accomodate the pedestrian facility variables contained in the regulation of Indonesia using the scoring method with several recommendations in the category of handling, with the basis of WI analysis method. The results of the analysis show that there are 3 variables that need to be considered more in the planning criteria for sidewalk in Indonesia that affect the determination of handling recommendation including the supporting and additional facilities, facilities for disabled pedestrians, and the needs of wide space for pedestrians.</p>
42
Bunnarong, Somluk, and Prapatpong Upala. "Spatial Analysis to Identify Pedestrian Crash Zones: A Case Study of School Zones in Thailand." Open Transportation Journal 12, no. 1 (May 24, 2018): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874447801812010167.
Full textAbstract:
Background:In Thailand, it has the second highest road traffic fatality rate in the world at 36.2 deaths per 100,000 populations. The pedestrian crash zones are based on the road and physical environment, vehicle and driver behavior and pedestrian behavior, especially the area around the school. Therefore, this paper would like to improve safety by identifying crash area through Geographic Information Systems (GIS).Objective:The objective of this paper is to identify pedestrian crash zones of primary schools and secondary schools in Bangkok, Thailand through the spatial analysis and GIS tool.Method:The research methodology was the data collection from pedestrian-vehicle crashes in 2016 at 12 schools of 1,218 locations in Bangkok. The data analysis used GIS for geocoding the crash locations. The spatial patterns and pedestrian crash zone map were applied by Moran’s I statistic and the Kernel Density Estimation (KDE).Results:The Moran’s index showed that the accident locations within school zone were a clustered pattern considering on Moran’s Index which approached +1 and the z-scores greater than 2.58. The KDE showed that the pedestrian crash zones were different depending on the physical environment; however, the most significant areas were at urban areas, crowded areas, and intersections of arterial roads and local roads about 508 meters from the school center.Conclusion:This research could be concluded that the spatial patterns and pedestrian crash zone map will assist the transportation planners and traffic police for identifying crash locations and specific vulnerable road users, especially pedestrians and bicycle users.
43
Opach, Tomasz, Carlo Navarra, Jan Ketil Rød, and Tina-Simone Neset. "Pedestrian Routing and Perspectives: WayFinder’s Route down the Lane—Come on with the Rain." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 6 (May 29, 2021): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10060365.
Full textAbstract:
People living in urban areas are often exposed to heat and inundation caused by heavy rains. Therefore, pedestrian routing in areas exposed to weather-related threats can be of value to citizens. In this study, water accumulated on roads, sidewalks and footpaths after rainfall and snowmelt was used as a case of adverse environmental conditions. Pedestrian routing was implemented in the web tool WayFinder and a group of 56 participants tested the tool in Trondheim, Norway. The study aimed to gain insight into their perspectives on the implemented pedestrian routing functionality to examine to what extent pedestrians find such functionality helpful for navigating in regions that are likely to be inundated. Each participant was asked to (1) use the tool in practice; (2) when walking, report on observed inundated areas; and (3) complete three questionnaires to provide feedback on the WayFinder tool. Although most of the participants were successful in using WayFinder, they preferred the selection of routes that passed through areas likely to be inundated and obtaining information about the risks than selecting a single route suggestion that already avoided exposed areas.
44
Areni, Intan Sari, Indrabayu Amirullah, Ingrid Nurtanio, Anugrayani Bustamin, and Ahmad Rifaldi. "Sistem Deteksi Lubang pada Pedesterian dengan Teknik Pengolahan Citra." Jurnal Penelitian Enjiniring 23, no. 2 (November 30, 2019): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25042/jpe.112019.04.
Full textAbstract:
Pothole Detection System on Pedesterian using Image Processing Techniques. The pedestrian areas in Indonesia are still far from optimal in facilitating the users or the pedestrians. Potholed pedestrian areas are found in many parts of the street. This issue can harm pedestrians, especially blind people. For this reason, research has been carried out to create a system that can detect and estimate hole distances by processing images using mono cameras that can help blind people. The methods used to detect holes are the Threshold + Blob Analysis method and the HSV method. The obtained results indicate the level of accuracy of hole detection using the Threshold + Blob Analysis method is better than the HSV method. The average accuracy level of Threshold + Blob Analysis is 88.91%, while for the HSV method is 86.82%.
45
Thakur, Sourabh, and Subhadip Biswas. "Assessment of pedestrian-vehicle interaction on urban roads: a critical review." Archives of Transport 51, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6162.
Full textAbstract:
Walking is being promoted as either a main mode of transportation or as a part of multimodal mobility. However, a rapid growth and development in urban areas has resulted in a drastic increase in human population as well as vehicular population in most of the metropolitans across the globe. Due to this, there is an unavoidable increase in conflicts between vehicular traffic and pedestrians often sharing the same road space. At an undesignated crossing, pedestrians wait for suitable inter-vehicular gap to cross the road. However, in order to reduce the waiting delay, pedestrians often take risk by accepting smaller gaps while crossing the road. It increases the probability of their collision with approaching vehicles. Apart from the frequency of crashes, the crash severity is also vastly governed by traffic flow characteristics. In this regard, it is a common belief that the reduction in speed of approaching vehicles can significantly bring down the severity of pedestrian crashes. On the other hand, vehicular movements also get obstructed due to the pedestrian activities carried out on the carriageway. During pedestrian crossing maneuvers, pedestrians often force the approaching vehicle(s) either to slow down or to change the lane which leads to reduction in the average speed of traffic stream. However, in case of pedestrians walking along the road, vehicles tend to shy away towards the center of carriageway to ensure the safe movements of pedestrians. Hence, pedestrians irrespective of crossing or walking along the road, eventually results in the reduction in speed as well as capacity of the road and sometimes prove to be a promising threat to safety of the road users. Therefore, in order to delve into the phenomena of pedestrian-vehicle interaction, one should need to study the mutual influences of pedestrian and vehicular movements on each other. In this background, this paper puts forward a detailed literature review on the assessment of pedestrian-vehicle interaction on urban roads. Findings of the paper are specific and infer the behaviors of both pedestrians and vehicles while sharing the same road space.
46
Miller, John S., Jeremy A. Bigelow, and Nicholas J. Garber. "Calibrating Pedestrian Level-of-Service Metrics with 3-D Visualization." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1705, no. 1 (January 2000): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1705-02.
Full textAbstract:
Unlike the case with airport terminals or the central business district, the quality of suburban pedestrian facilities is most likely affected less by congestion and more by safety, the walking environment, and aesthetics. Because the Highway Capacity Manual does not explicitly capture such factors when measuring pedestrian level of service (LOS), researchers have proposed innovative rating scales that do. These scales use either measurable characteristics, such as walkway width, median openings, and signalization parameters, or user perceptions, such as continuity and convenience, to rate a pedestrian facility. Unfortunately, the results of these scales are not always easy to interpret. For example, in a scaling system for pedestrian facilities in which a raised curb median counts 6 points and a blinking pedestrian-crossing signal counts 3 points, the developers of the scale believed that the median would be twice as valuable to pedestrians as the crossing signal. But would pedestrians agree? A scaling system was developed for pedestrian LOS and calibrated using visualization (computer-aided modeling techniques consisting of still shots and animations). Subjects’ perceived ratings of a pedestrian facility after they viewed still pictures and animations of the facility were compared with the computed rating of the facility from an LOS scale. The chief value of this method is that it helps ensure that pedestrian crossing needs are systematically considered and that engineers, planners, and the public agree on the calibration of a pedestrian LOS scale. The methodology is also applicable in urban areas where pedestrian needs beyond physical capacity are to be explicitly considered. The approach is original in that visualization as a simulation and data analysis tool was used to calibrate a pedestrian LOS scale.
47
Li, Zheng Bo. "Rapid Algorithm of High Risky Position on Car Hood for Pedestrian Crash Based-Computer Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 321-324 (June 2013): 877–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.321-324.877.
Full textAbstract:
ntroduction This paper has proved that the HIC of local Car hood crash area is relative to the distance between the crash point and potential secondary crash point, and with the rigidity of the second crash point, in the process of protection for pedestrians. The pertinence formula was built and the high risky spot of each local crash areas was doped out quickly, and the accuracy of the formula is validated by the subsequent real car crash test. When the vehicles and the pedestrian have the crash accident, the pedestrian casualty rate is very high, develops the pedestrian to protect the research positively, particularly the forehead crash trouble-free service, regarding the guardian vehicle crashs in weak one the pedestrian, has the very vital significance.
48
Hayashi, Sora, Kenshi Saho, Daiki Isobe, and Masao Masugi. "Pedestrian Detection in Blind Area and Motion Classification Based on Rush-Out Risk Using Micro-Doppler Radar." Sensors 21, no. 10 (May 13, 2021): 3388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21103388.
Full textAbstract:
Various remote sensing technologies have been applied in intelligent vehicles and robots for surrounding-environment recognition. However, these technologies experience difficulties in detecting pedestrians in blind areas and their motions, such as rush-out behaviors. To address this issue, we present a radar-based technique for the detection of pedestrians in blind areas and the classification of different risks of rush-out behaviors among detected pedestrians. We verify their ability to detect pedestrian motion in blind areas by conducting experiments in two environments with blind areas formed by outdoor cars and indoor walls. Then, the classification of motions with different risks of rush-out behaviors among pedestrians detected in the blind areas is demonstrated. We use the clustering method to accurately classify several types of behaviors with different rush-out risks in both environments.
49
Canale, Sascia, Natalia Distefano, and Salvatore Leonardi. "Comparative analysis of pedestrian accidents risk at unsignalized intersections." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 10, no. 4 (December 15, 2015): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2015.36.
Full textAbstract:
More than one accident of three that involve pedestrians in urban area occurs at road intersections. The users’ inproper behaviour, the geometrical characteristics of the intersections, and the high speeds of vehicles are the main causes of pedestrian accidents. In this field, the procedures of road safety analysis (Road Safety Audit and Road Safety Review) play a fundamental role: they are the techniques of investigation aimed at identifying the safety issues and the possible improvements. Nowadays, however, the safety analysis does not allow a quantitative assessment of the level of safety regarding pedestrians. The objective of this work, is to propose a procedure for the quantitative risk analysis. The first phase of the study has been oriented to the definition of the virtual schemes associated with the possible configurations for unsignalized intersections in urban areas, predominantly characterized by local roads. The urban areas in which the residential function prevails, while it is poorly available in the circulation function, were considered then. The criteria, aimed at the characterization of the level of safety, offered to pedestrians by the real urban intersections, have been developed in the second phase. For this purpose, three categories of information have been useful: 1) the data describing the geometry characteristic of the intersection; 2) the geometric characteristic of road elements responsible of the functional pedestrian protection; 3) vehicular and pedestrian traffic data.
50
Barsi, A., T. Lovas, B. Molnar, A. Somogyi, and Z. Igazvolgyi. "PEDESTRIAN DETECTION BY LASER SCANNING AND DEPTH IMAGERY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B3 (June 9, 2016): 465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b3-465-2016.
Full textAbstract:
Pedestrian flow is much less regulated and controlled compared to vehicle traffic. Estimating flow parameters would support many safety, security or commercial applications. Current paper discusses a method that enables acquiring information on pedestrian movements without disturbing and changing their motion. Profile laser scanner and depth camera have been applied to capture the geometry of the moving people as time series. Procedures have been developed to derive complex flow parameters, such as count, volume, walking direction and velocity from laser scanned point clouds. Since no images are captured from the faces of pedestrians, no privacy issues raised. The paper includes accuracy analysis of the estimated parameters based on video footage as reference. Due to the dense point clouds, detailed geometry analysis has been conducted to obtain the height and shoulder width of pedestrians and to detect whether luggage has been carried or not. The derived parameters support safety (e.g. detecting critical pedestrian density in mass events), security (e.g. detecting prohibited baggage in endangered areas) and commercial applications (e.g. counting pedestrians at all entrances/exits of a shopping mall).