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Journal articles on the topic 'Pediatric enteral nutrition'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Cox, Kenneth L. "Pediatric Enteral Nutrition." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 62, no. 2 (August 1, 1995): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/62.2.450a.

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2

Axelrod, David, Kimberly Kazmerski, and Kishore Iyer. "Pediatric Enteral Nutrition." Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 30, no. 1_suppl (January 2006): S21—S26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01486071060300s1s21.

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3

Schwarzenberg, Sarah Jane. "Pediatric Enteral Nutrition." Gastroenterology 108, no. 5 (May 1995): 1603–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(95)90718-1.

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4

Bissacotti, Anelise Pigatto, and Franceliane Jobim Benedetti. "Nutrição enteral em sistema fechado para pediatria: escolha com base na disponibilidade no comércio brasileiro e na rotulagem." Braspen Journal 35, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37111/braspenj.2020351012.

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Introduction: The enteral diet (ED) for pediatric nutrition should ensure the appropriate nutritional intake for the child and/or adolescent. Therefore, during the selection of ED, in addition to the patient’s needs, the characteristics and nutritional composition of the patients should be taken into account. Thus, the objective was to identify and characterize the diets for pediatric enteral nutrition, in a closed system, currently available in the Brazilian market, in order to assist nutritionists and doctors in prescription. Methods: The descriptive and documental research consisted in the identification of the diets for pediatric enteral nutrition, in a closed system, currently available in the Brazilian market and characterization of the diets, based on labeling data. The data of interest for the development of this study were collected in catalogs and official websites of the manufacturers and suppliers and books of enteral nutrition and nutrition in pediatrics. Results: In Brazil, nine pediatric enteral nutrition diets are available in a closed system, marketed by three manufacturers. It was found that the diets for pediatric enteral nutrition can be indicated for a wide age range, from one to 10 years and patients in different pathophysiological states. There is little variation in the levels and sources of macronutrients. Four enteral diets present fibers in their composition and 5 are hypotonic. Conclusions: The Brazilian market has a limited number of diets for pediatric enteral nutrition in a closed system, which makes prescribing a challenge for nutritionists and doctors. It can not be said that a particular pediatric enteral diet in closed system is better than another, each one has specific characteristics. This makes it necessary for to carefully evaluate the professionals adequacy of the diet to the patient’s clinical situation and individuality.
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5

Yi, Dae Yong. "Enteral Nutrition in Pediatric Patients." Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition 21, no. 1 (2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5223/pghn.2018.21.1.12.

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6

Cober, Mary Petrea, and Kathleen M. Gura. "Enteral and parenteral nutrition considerations in pediatric patients." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 76, no. 19 (September 16, 2019): 1492–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxz174.

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Abstract Purpose Current clinical practice guidelines on management of enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN) in pediatric patients are reviewed. Summary The provision of EN and PN in pediatric patients poses many unique considerations and challenges. Although indications for use of EN and PN are similar in adult and pediatric populations, recommended EN and PN practices differ for pediatric versus adult patients in areas such as selection of EN and PN formulations, timing of EN and PN initiation, advancement of nutrition support, and EN and PN goals. Additionally, provision of EN and PN to pediatric patients poses unique compounding and medication administration challenges. This article provides a review of current EN and PN best practices and special nutrition considerations for neonates, infants, and other pediatric patients. Conclusion The provision of EN and PN to pediatric patients presents many unique challenges. It is important for pharmacists to keep current with pediatric- and neonatal-specific guidelines on nutritional management of various disease states, as well as strategies to address compounding and medication administration challenges, in order to optimize EN and PN outcomes.
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7

T.E.Borovik, T. E. Borovik, A. S. Potapov A.S.Potapov, E. A. Roslavtseva E.A.Roslavtseva, and A. I. Khavkin A.I.Khavkin. "Enteral nutrition for pediatric Crohn’s disease: significance and basic principles." Voprosy detskoj dietologii 19, no. 3 (2021): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2021-3-70-82.

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The characteristics of the diet traditionally recommended for Crohn’s disease often reduce patients’ consumption of essential nutrients. Therefore, an important role belongs to nutritional support with specialized formulas, the effectiveness of which has been proven both for inducing remission and optimizing the parameters of physical development and puberty, bone mineralization. Nutritional support should be provided for patients with newly diagnosed Crohn’s disease in the form of full enteral nutrition, and subsequently in remission, exacerbation, in the pre- and postoperative periods as an addition to the standard diet. Of particular interest is the CDED ModuLife program, which is based on a combination of enteral nutrition with specially selected foods aimed at reducing the activity of intestinal inflammation in Crohn’s disease. Key words: inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease, full enteral nutrition, partial enteral nutrition, enteral nutrition formulas
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8

Marchand, Valerie, Susan S. Baker, and Robert D. Baker. "Enteral Nutrition in the Pediatric Population." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America 8, no. 3 (July 1998): 669–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1052-5157(18)30255-1.

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9

Olieman, Joanne, and Wendy Kastelijn. "Nutritional Feeding Strategies in Pediatric Intestinal Failure." Nutrients 12, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010177.

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Intestinal failure is defined as a critical reduction of the gut mass or function, below the minimum needed to absorb nutrients and fluids. The ultimate goal in intestinal failure is to promote bowel adaptation and reach enteral autonomy while a healthy growth and development is maintained. The condition is heterogeneous and complex. Therefore, recommendations for the type and duration of parenteral, enteral, and oral nutrition are variable, with the child’s age as an additional key factor. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of nutritional feeding strategies in this heterogeneous population. Different perspectives on nutritional management, nutrition and adaptation, and microbiome and nutrition will be discussed.
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10

Falcão, Mário Cícero, and Uenis Tannuri. "Nutrition for the pediatric surgical patient: approach in the peri-operative period." Revista do Hospital das Clínicas 57, no. 6 (2002): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0041-87812002000600010.

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Nutrition is essential for maintenance of physiologic homeostasis and growth. Hypermetabolic states lead to a depletion of body stores, with decreased immunocompetence and increased morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this paper is to provide an update regarding the provision of appropriate nutrition for the pediatric surgical patient, emphasizing the preoperative and postoperative periods. Modern nutritional support for the surgical patient comprises numerous stages, including assessment of nutritional status, nutritional requirements, and nutritional therapy. Nutritional assessment is performed utilizing the clinical history, clinical examination, anthropometry, and biochemical evaluation. Anthropometric parameters include body weight, height, arm and head circumference, and skinfold thickness measurements. The biochemical evaluation is conducted using determinations of plasma levels of proteins, including album, pre-albumin, transferrin, and retinol-binding protein. These parameters are subject to error and are influenced by the rapid changes in body composition in the peri-operative period. Nutritional therapy includes enteral and/or parenteral nutrition. Enteral feeding is the first choice for nutritional therapy. If enteral feeding is not indicated, parenteral nutrition must be utilized. In all cases, an individualized, adequate diet (enteral formula or parenteral solution) is obligatory to decrease the occurrence of overfeeding and its undesirable consequences.
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11

Kunduraci, Yaseminergul, and Muazzez Garipagaoglu. "Nutrition Therapy in Pediatric Burns." Current Nutrition & Food Science 17, no. 8 (September 10, 2021): 798–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401317666210210125347.

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Background: Burns are defined as injuries resulting from exposure to thermal radiation, electrical or chemical exposure of the skin or organic tissues. It has high mortality and morbidity in low and middle-income countries. Objective/Method: The objective of this study is to evaluate the present knowledge principles of nutritional therapy for pediatric burns from the dietician's perspective, taking into account the epidemiology and physiology of the burn. The purpose of burn treatment is to provide survival and tissue repair and to increase immunity. Therefore, besides fluid electrolyte replacement and surgical interventions, nutritional therapy is quite important. Nutrition principles should aim to reduce inflammation and meet hypermetabolic needs. Results: In the clinical practice of children suffering from burns, daily energy need is calculated by adding the recommended energy expenditure to the burn percentage, but the most accurate method is the use of indirect calorimetry. Protein requirement is around 1.5-3.0 g/kg/day. Carbohydrate intake should be 55-60% of total energy intake, while lipids should be less than 30%. Vitamin supplements in the form of a multivitamin are recommended in addition to vitamin A, vitamin C, and Zinc. In cases where oral intake is insufficient, enteral nutrition should be applied as soon as possible. When enteral feeding is contraindicated, parenteral nutrition is preferred. Conclusion: Evaluating the nutritional status of children and meeting macro and micronutrient needs accelerate wound healing, shorten hospital stay, and reduce mortality.
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12

Rubin, A. S., and E. B. Enrione. "Social Issues Related to Pediatric Home Enteral Nutrition." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 97, no. 9 (September 1997): A11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(97)00362-3.

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13

Lionetti, Paolo, Maria Luisa Callegari, Susanna Ferrari, Maria Chiara Cavicchi, Elena Pozzi, Maurizio de Martino, and Lorenzo Morelli. "Enteral Nutrition and Microflora in Pediatric Crohn's Disease." Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 29, no. 4_suppl (July 2005): S173—S178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01486071050290s4s173.

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14

Miller, Talya, and David L. Suskind. "Exclusive enteral nutrition in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease." Current Opinion in Pediatrics 30, no. 5 (October 2018): 671–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mop.0000000000000660.

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15

Justice, Lindsey, Jason R. Buckley, Alejandro Floh, Megan Horsley, Jeffrey Alten, Vijay Anand, and Steven M. Schwartz. "Nutrition Considerations in the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Patient." World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery 9, no. 3 (April 25, 2018): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150135118765881.

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Adequate caloric intake plays a vital role in the course of illness and the recovery of critically ill patients. Nutritional status and nutrient delivery during critical illness have been linked to clinical outcomes such as mortality, incidence of infection, and length of stay. However, feeding practices with critically ill pediatric patients after cardiac surgery are variable. The Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Society sought to provide an expert review on provision of nutrition to pediatric cardiac intensive care patients, including caloric requirements, practical considerations for providing nutrition, safety of enteral nutrition in controversial populations, feeding considerations with chylothorax, and the benefits of feeding beyond nutrition. This article addresses these areas of concern and controversy.
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16

Verburgt, Charlotte M., Mohammed Ghiboub, Marc A. Benninga, Wouter J. de Jonge, and Johan E. Van Limbergen. "Nutritional Therapy Strategies in Pediatric Crohn’s Disease." Nutrients 13, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010212.

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The increase in incidences of pediatric Crohn’s Disease (CD) worldwide has been strongly linked with dietary shifts towards a Westernized diet, ultimately leading to altered gut microbiota and disturbance in intestinal immunity and the metabolome. Multiple clinical studies in children with CD have demonstrated the high efficacy of nutritional therapy with exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) to induce remission with an excellent safety profile. However, EEN is poorly tolerated, limiting its compliance and clinical application. This has spiked an interest in the development of alternative and better-tolerated nutritional therapy strategies. Several nutritional therapies have now been designed not only to treat the nutritional deficiencies seen in children with active CD but also to correct dysbiosis and reduce intestinal inflammation. In this review, we report the most recent insights regarding nutritional strategies in children with active CD: EEN, partial enteral nutrition (PEN), Crohn’s disease exclusion diet (CDED), and CD treatment-with-eating diet (CD-TREAT). We describe their setup, efficacy, safety, and (dis)advantages as well as some of their potential mechanisms of action and perspectives. A better understanding of different nutritional therapeutic options and their mechanisms will yield better and safer management strategies for children with CD and may address the barriers and limitations of current strategies in children.
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17

Gosselin, Kerri B., and Christopher Duggan. "Enteral Nutrition in the Management of Pediatric Intestinal Failure." Journal of Pediatrics 165, no. 6 (December 2014): 1085–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.08.012.

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18

Sevilla, Wednesday Marie A., and Barbara McElhanon. "Optimizing Transition to Home Enteral Nutrition for Pediatric Patients." Nutrition in Clinical Practice 31, no. 6 (October 22, 2016): 762–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0884533616673348.

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19

GROSS, EITAN, MIKE K. CHEN, RASIK S. SHAH, and THOM E. LOBE. "Laparoscopic Approach for Enteral Nutrition in Pediatric Oncology Patients." Pediatric Endosurgery & Innovative Techniques 1, no. 2 (January 1997): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/pei.1997.1.87.

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20

Bagonzi, E., M. Buteyn, and E. Lagana. "Best Practices in Pediatric Oncology: Enteral Versus Parenteral Nutrition." Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 113, no. 9 (September 2013): A27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2013.06.085.

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21

Shaikhkhalil, Ala K., and Wallace Crandall. "Enteral Nutrition for Pediatric Crohn's Disease: An Underutilized Therapy." Nutrition in Clinical Practice 33, no. 4 (February 15, 2018): 493–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ncp.10011.

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22

Pettignano, Robert, Micheal Heard, Robin M. Davis, Michele Labuz, and Michael Hart. "Total enteral nutrition versus total parenteral nutrition during pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation." Critical Care Medicine 26, no. 2 (February 1998): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-199802000-00041.

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23

Cucinotta, Ugo, Claudio Romano, and Valeria Dipasquale. "Diet and Nutrition in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases." Nutrients 13, no. 2 (February 17, 2021): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020655.

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Both genetic and environmental factors are involved in the onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In particular, diet composition is suspected to significantly contribute to IBD risk. In recent years, major interest has raised about the role of nutrition in disease pathogenesis and course, and many studies have shown a clear link between diet composition and intestinal permeability impairment. Moreover, many IBD-related factors, such as poor dietary intake, nutrients loss and drugs interact with nutritional status, thus paving the way for the development of many therapeutic strategies in which nutrition represents the cornerstone, either as first-line therapy or as reversing nutritional deficiencies and malnutrition in IBD patients. Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is the most rigorously supported dietary intervention for the treatment of Crohn’s Disease (CD), but is burdened by a low tolerability, especially in pediatric patients. Promising alternative regimens are represented by Crohn’s Disease Exclusion Diet (CDED), and other elimination diets, whose use is gradually spreading. The aim of the current paper is to provide a comprehensive and updated overview on the latest evidence about the role of nutrition and diet in pediatric IBD, focusing on the different nutritional interventions available for the management of the disease.
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24

Van Limbergen, Johan, Jennifer Haskett, Anne M. Griffiths, Jeff Critch, Hien Huynh, Najma Ahmed, Jennifer C. deBruyn, et al. "Toward Enteral Nutrition in the Treatment of Pediatric Crohn Disease in Canada: A Workshop to Identify Barriers and Enablers." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 29, no. 7 (2015): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/509497.

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The treatment armamentarium in pediatric Crohn disease (CD) is very similar to adult-onset CD with the notable exception of the use of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN [the administration of a liquid formula diet while excluding normal diet]), which is used more frequently by pediatric gastroenterologists to induce remission. In pediatric CD, EEN is now recommended by the pediatric committee of the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation and the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition as a first-choice agent to induce remission, with remission rates in pediatric studies consistently >75%. To chart and address enablers and barriers of use of EEN in Canada, a workshop was held in September 2014 in Toronto (Ontario), inviting pediatric gastroenterologists, nurses and dietitians from most Canadian pediatric IBD centres as well as international faculty from the United States and Europe with particular research and clinical expertise in the dietary management of pediatric CD. Workshop participants ranked the exclusivity of enteral nutrition; the health care resources; and cost implications as the top three barriers to its use. Conversely, key enablers mentioned included: standardization and sharing of protocols for use of enteral nutrition; ensuring sufficient dietetic resources; and reducing the cost of EEN to the family (including advocacy for reimbursement by provincial ministries of health and private insurance companies). Herein, the authors report on the discussions during this workshop and list strategies to enhance the use of EEN as a treatment option in the treatment of pediatric CD in Canada.
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25

Zhu, M., and J. Xu. "P115 Effects of the clinical pharmacist’s intervention on rationality of parenteral nutrition." Archives of Disease in Childhood 104, no. 6 (May 17, 2019): e65.2-e65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-esdppp.153.

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ObjectiveThrough STRONGkids1 2 (screening tool risk on nutritional status and growth of children) to observe the influences on nutritional indicators and postoperative recovery of different nutritional risk levels of children with intussusception in the use of parenteral nutrition support. Through educating and interventing the doctors to promote the use of parenteral nutrition more reasonable and the hospitalization costs lower.3MethodsChildren were grouped according to different scores of STRONGkids,4 5 and each group was divided into two groups A and B according to using parenteral nutrition only or no nutrition support at all. The proportion of the two groups, nutritional indicators and postoperative recovery of the children after surgery were compared to observe the parenteral nutrition usage rate of different groups, and the use of parenteral nutrition was necessary or not. The clinical pharmacist intervened the doctors according to the research results. 1 year later, the indicators above were compared again.ResultsThere were no significant differences on nutritional indicators and postoperative recovery in 1–2 score groups between group A and B, but the hospitalization cost in group A was significantly higher than that in group B. In 3-score group of children, the decreases of weight, prealbumin and retinol binding protein were more significant in group B than in group A, and the hospitalization days of group A were significantly shorter than group B. The incidence of adverse reactions of using parenteral nutrition was significantly higher. According to above results, the clinical pharmacist instructed doctors to improve the indication of parenteral nutrition according to the relevant guidelines.1 year later, the usage rate of parenteral nutrition dropped in 1–2 score groups. The incidence of adverse reactions and the costs of hospitalization were significantly decreased.ConclusionsThe clinical pharmacist played an important role in promoting the rational use of parenteral nutrition.6 7ReferencesTeixeira AF, Viana KD.Nutritional screening in hospitalized pediatric patients: a systematic review.[J]J Pediatr (Rio J) 2016, 92(4):343–352.Forga L, Bolado F, Goñi MJ,et al. Low serum levels of prealbumin, retinol binding protein, and retinol are frequent in adult type 1 diabetic patients.J Diabetes Res2016; 2016:2532108. doi: 10.1155/2016/2532108. Epub 2016 Nov 29.Pediatric Collaborative Group, Society of Parenteraland Enteral Nutrition. Guidelines for pediatric clinical application of enteral and parenteral nutritional support in China[J]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi, 2010, 48(6):436–441.Abunnaja S, Cuviello A, Sanchez JA.Enteralandparenteral nutritionin the perioperative period: state of the art[J].Nutrients. 2013, 5(2):608–623.Yi F, Ge L, Zhao J, Lei Y,et al.Meta-analysis:total parenteral nutritionversustotalenteral nutritionin predicted severe acute pancreatitis[J].Intern Med. 2012, 51(6):523–530.Disclosure(s)Nothing to disclose.
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Wang, Alice, Helena Pelletier, Diana Calligan, Angela Coates, and Karen Allison Bailey. "Improving the quality of nutrition in pediatric trauma." International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance 30, no. 6 (August 14, 2017): 539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhcqa-10-2016-0158.

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Purpose Nutrition plays a key role in the recovery of pediatric trauma patients. A catabolic state in trauma patients may hinder recovery and inadequate nutrition may increase morbidity, mortality and length of hospital stay. The purpose of this paper is to review the current nutrition support practices for pediatric trauma patients at McMaster Children’s Hospital (MCH), describe patient demographics and identify areas to improve the quality of patient care. Design/methodology/approach A retrospective chart review was conducted on pediatric trauma patients (age<18 years) identified through the trauma registry of MCH. Pediatric trauma patients admitted from January 2010 to March 2014 with an Injury Severity Score (ISS)=12 and a hospitalization of =24 hours were included. Findings In total, 130 patients were included in this study, 61.1 percent male, median age ten years (range: 0-17 years) and median ISS of 17 (range: 12-50). Blunt trauma accounted for 97.7 percent of patients admitted and 73.3 percent had trauma team activation. In total, 93 patients (71.5 percent) had ICU stays. The median time to feed was 29 hours (interquartile range: 12.5-43 hours) from the time of admission. An increased hospital length of stay was associated with longer time to initiation of nutrition support, a higher ISS and greater number of surgeries (p<0.05). Originality/value Local nutritional support practices for pediatric trauma patients correspond with recommended principles of early feeding and preferential enteral nutrition. Harmonization of paper-based and electronic data collection is recommended to ensure that prescribed nutritional support is being delivered and nutritional needs of pediatric trauma patients are being met.
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27

Bicakli, Derya Hopanci, Medine C. Yilmaz, Serap Aksoylar, Mehmet Kantar, Nazan Cetingul, and Savas Kansoy. "Enteral nutrition is feasible in pediatric stem cell transplantation patients." Pediatric Blood & Cancer 59, no. 7 (August 21, 2012): 1327–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pbc.24275.

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28

Mascarenhas, M. R., D. Redd, J. Bilodeau, S. Peck, and C. A. Llacouras. "Pediatric Enteral Access Center: A Multidisciplinary Approach." Nutrition in Clinical Practice 11, no. 5 (October 1996): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0115426596011005193.

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29

Rosen, Daphna, and Rita Marie John. "Nutritional Management of the Child With Crohn’s Disease." ICAN: Infant, Child, & Adolescent Nutrition 4, no. 2 (March 14, 2012): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941406412439232.

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Nutritional management of Crohn’s Disease (CD) is essential when working with the pediatric population. Treatment needs to target not only symptoms of the disease but also the associated growth failure and nutritional deficiencies. The principle nutritional therapy is the use of enteral nutrition, which has been shown to be safe and effective in both the induction of remission and maintenance in pediatric CD. Additional nutritional supplementation, including omega-3 fatty acids, probiotics, and glutamine, have been researched, but have not been proven effective. This article will address the role of nutritional therapy and management in pediatric CD, the different nutritional management options, the role of nutritional therapy in the induction and maintenance of remission, and recommendations for health care professionals who care for children with CD.
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Rudzki, Bartosz, Agnieszka Żwirełło, Grzegorz Burdyn, Karolina Kaźmierczak- Siedlecka, Ewelina Lubieniecka-Archutowska, and Anna Lebiedzińska. "The use of enteral nutrition in pediatric patients with Crohn’s disease." Farmacja Polska 76, no. 3 (April 27, 2020): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32383/farmpol/121028.

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31

Gall, D. Grant. "Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 4, no. 7 (1990): 404–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1990/909858.

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As no curative therapy exists, supportive measures play an important role in the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBO). Aminosalicylic acid (ASA) compounds and corticosteroids remain the mainstay of medical therapy. Aminosalicylates are recommended for therapy of mild to moderate active ulcerative colitis and for the maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. The role of 5-ASA preparations in Crohn's disease is less clear. In granulomatous colitis, 5-ASA therapy is recommended. With the development of new delivery systems, the role for 5-ASA in the treatment of small bowel Crohn's disease is under investigation. Prednisone remains the drug of choice in severe ulcerative colitis and active Crohn's disease. The role of immunosuppressive drugs in pediatric patients is unclear. Nutritional therapy has been an important advance in the treatment of children with Crohn's disease, especially those with growth failure. Nutritional therapy can consist of combined total parenteral and enteral nutrition or enteral nutrition alone. An initial period of total parenteral nutrition followed by a six to eight week course of enteral therapy with a semisynthetic diet has been shown to be effective in the management of patients with severe active disease and growth failure.
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Petina, O. A., and N. V. Matinyan. "Influence of the choice of the method of perioperative analgesia on the possibility of early initiation of enteral nutrition as part of early rehabilitation in pediatric laparoscopic oncosurgery." Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology 7, no. 4 (January 7, 2021): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21682/2311-1267-2020-7-4-43-47.

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Introduction. The need to perform nutritional support for children with cancer is widely recognized. The body of a child suffering from a malignant tumor needs additional amounts of energy and plastic substrates. Patients with signs of protein-energy insufficiency are at risk of developing complications in the early postoperative period. A significant role in compliance with early rehabilitation after surgery (ERAS) protocol is played by the method of perioperative analgesia. Caudal epidural block is the most widely used regional method of analgesia in children, allowing to start earlier enteral nutrition and prevent the development of postoperative paresis of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), thereby speeding up the recovery of patients after surgery. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness and safety of early enteral nutrition tactics in oncology children, in the postoperative period during laparoscopic surgical interventions, in order to prevent gastrointestinal paresis in combination with early activation of patients. In the present study, we evaluated the effectiveness of the tactics of choosing perioperative analgesia from the perspective of the possibility of early initiation of enteral nutrition in children with oncopathology, in the postoperative period after laparoscopic surgical interventions, in order to prevent paresis of the gastrointestinal tract in combination with early activation of patients.Materials and methods. The study included 40 patients of the research Institute of Children's Oncology and Hematology of the Russian Ministry of health, ASA II—III, operated in 2017—2019for malignant abdominal tumors by laparoscopic method. Patients were divided into 2 groups randomly. The CB group included 23 children who were treated with caudal epidural block as a regional component of combined anesthesia (CB group, n = 23). The control group-GA included 17 children who underwent General anesthesia (group GA, n = 17).The analysis of the early postoperative period (day 1) was performed. Postoperative nutritional support was performed to prevent gastrointestinal paresis in combination with early activation of patients and consisted of early (from day 1 after surgery) enteral nutrition. We used a therapeutic mixture of Alfare® based on whey protein hydrolysate (for children under 1 year) and Peptamen® Junior based on hydrolyzed whey protein, a complete balanced dry mix (for children from 1 year to 10 years). The volume of enteral nutrition was calculated based on the number of calories per kg of body weight. We started therapeutic nutrition with volumes of 1/2-2/3 of the calculated volume and increased the volume to the required patient tolerance.Results. Enteral nutrition in children in the CB group was connected from 4.7 ± 0.5 hours. In the GA group, enteral nutrition was switched on in 10 (59 %) patients 20 hours after the end of surgery. 5 children developed gastrostasis, which required medication to stimulate the gastrointestinal tract.Conclusions. This study demonstrates that in the conditions of effective neuroaxial blockade in the perioperative period, it is possible to start enteral nutrition as early as possible, reducing to a minimum the frequency of postoperative intestinal paresis during laparoscopic surgical interventions, contributing to early and rapid recovery of patients.
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Rees, Lesley, Vanessa Shaw, Leila Qizalbash, Caroline Anderson, An Desloovere, Laurence Greenbaum, Dieter Haffner, et al. "Delivery of a nutritional prescription by enteral tube feeding in children with chronic kidney disease stages 2–5 and on dialysis—clinical practice recommendations from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce." Pediatric Nephrology 36, no. 1 (July 29, 2020): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00467-020-04623-2.

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AbstractThe nutritional prescription (whether in the form of food or liquid formulas) may be taken orally when a child has the capacity for spontaneous intake by mouth, but may need to be administered partially or completely by nasogastric tube or gastrostomy device (“enteral tube feeding”). The relative use of each of these methods varies both within and between countries. The Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce (PRNT), an international team of pediatric renal dietitians and pediatric nephrologists, has developed clinical practice recommendations (CPRs) based on evidence where available, or on the expert opinion of the Taskforce members, using a Delphi process to seek consensus from the wider community of experts in the field. We present CPRs for delivery of the nutritional prescription via enteral tube feeding to children with chronic kidney disease stages 2–5 and on dialysis. We address the types of enteral feeding tubes, when they should be used, placement techniques, recommendations and contraindications for their use, and evidence for their effects on growth parameters. Statements with a low grade of evidence, or based on opinion, must be considered and adapted for the individual patient by the treating physician and dietitian according to their clinical judgement. Research recommendations have been suggested. The CPRs will be regularly audited and updated by the PRNT.
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Schulman, Jacqueline M., Liat Pritzker, and Ron Shaoul. "Maintenance of Remission with Partial Enteral Nutrition Therapy in Pediatric Crohn’s Disease: A Retrospective Study." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5873158.

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Background. Partial enteral nutrition (PEN) may be helpful for the maintenance of remission in pediatric Crohn’s disease patients. Aims. To evaluate the efficacy of PEN treatment for preventing clinical relapse. Methods. We retrospectively assessed 42 pediatric Crohn’s disease patients who entered clinical remission on 4–12 weeks of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) and were maintained on PEN as a supplementary diet. We evaluated the efficacy of the treatment at different time points using the weighted Pediatric Crohn Disease Activity Index (wPCDAI), Physician Global Assessment, laboratory parameters, and growth of each patient. Additionally, we assessed the use of concomitant medications. Results. The median length of remission with PEN was 6 (0–36) months. Patients’ remission was maintained on PEN without concomitant medications for a median time of zero months (0–16). The mean body mass index in the PEN group increased from 18.1 to 18.8 after six months of PEN. The median wPCDAI decreased from 30 at diagnosis to 5.0 after EEN and increased to 7.5 after three months of PEN. Overall, the median wPCDAI decreased by 26.2. Conclusions. PEN treatment was partially effective in maintaining remission and was able to increase BMI and lower wPCDAI. Most patients required concomitant medication after PEN initiation.
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35

DeWitt, Tiffany, and Refaat Hegazi. "Nutrition in Pelvic Radiation Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Similarities and Differences." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/716579.

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Due to the intestinal inflammation, tissue damage, and painful abdominal symptoms restricting dietary intake associated with both diseases, patients with intestinal pelvic radiation disease (PRD) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk to develop protein calorie malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. In the current paper, we review the nutritional management of both diseases, listing the similar approaches of nutritional management and the nutritional implications of intestinal dysfunction of both diseases. Malnutrition is prevalent in patients with either disease and nutritional risk screening and assessment of nutritional status are required for designing the proper nutritional intervention plan. This plan may include dietary management, oral nutritional supplementation, and enteral and/or parenteral nutrition. In addition to managing malnutrition, nutrients exert immune modulating effects during periods of intestinal inflammation and can play a role in mitigating the risks associated with the disease activity. Consistently, exclusive enteral feeding is recommended for inducing remission in pediatric patients with active Crohn’s disease, with less clear guidelines on use in patients with ulcerative colitis. The field of immune modulating nutrition is an evolving science that takes into consideration the specific mechanism of action of nutrients, nutrient-nutrient interaction, and preexisting nutritional status of the patients.
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36

Cañedo, E., C. Pedron, A. Martinez Zazo, P. Malulos, C. Calderon, and M. A. Sesmero. "PP277-SUN MONITORING STUDY OF HOME ENTERAL NUTRITION IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS." Clinical Nutrition Supplements 7, no. 1 (September 2012): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1744-1161(12)70328-9.

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37

Okada, Akira. "Clinical Indications of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Support in Pediatric Patients." Nutrition 14, no. 1 (January 1998): 116–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-9007(97)00227-x.

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38

Lawley, Morgan, Jessica W. Wu, Victor M. Navas-López, Hien Q. Huynh, Matthew W. Carroll, Min Chen, Pavel Medvedev, et al. "Global Variation in Use of Enteral Nutrition for Pediatric Crohn Disease." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 67, no. 2 (August 2018): e22-e29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mpg.0000000000001946.

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39

King, W., T. Petrillo, and R. Pettignano. "Enteral nutrition and cardiovascular medications in the pediatric intensive care unit." Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 28, no. 5 (September 2004): 334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148607104028005334.

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40

Aryee, Irene, Christina Cifra, Jean Ryan, and Riad Rahhal. "419: IMPROVING ENTERAL NUTRITION DELIVERY IN THE PEDIATRIC INTENSIVE CARE UNIT." Critical Care Medicine 46, no. 1 (January 2018): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000528437.07045.ea.

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41

Hansen, Tawnya, and Donald Duerksen. "Enteral Nutrition in the Management of Pediatric and Adult Crohn’s Disease." Nutrients 10, no. 5 (April 26, 2018): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10050537.

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42

Haney, Amanda, Emily Burritt, and Christopher J. Babbitt. "The impact of early enteral nutrition on pediatric acute respiratory failure." Clinical Nutrition ESPEN 26 (August 2018): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.04.017.

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43

Minor, G., P. Cekola, S. Cohen, and M. Huhmann. "Meeting Pediatric Nutrition Needs with an Enteral Formula Containing Real Food." Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 117, no. 9 (September 2017): A29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2017.06.264.

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44

D’Amico, Federica, Elena Biagi, Simone Rampelli, Jessica Fiori, Daniele Zama, Matteo Soverini, Monica Barone, et al. "Enteral Nutrition in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic SCT Promotes the Recovery of Gut Microbiome Homeostasis." Nutrients 11, no. 12 (December 4, 2019): 2958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11122958.

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Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the first-line immunotherapy to treat several hematologic disorders, although it can be associated with many complications reducing the survival rate, such as acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) and infections. Given the fundamental role of the gut microbiome (GM) for host health, it is not surprising that a suboptimal path of GM recovery following HSCT may compromise immune homeostasis and/or increase the risk of opportunistic infections, with an ultimate impact in terms of aGvHD onset. Traditionally, the first nutritional approach in post-HSCT patients is parenteral nutrition (PN), which is associated with several clinical adverse effects, supporting enteral nutrition (EN) as a preferential alternative. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of EN vs. PN on the trajectory of compositional and functional GM recovery in pediatric patients undergoing HSCT. The GM structure and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production profiles were analyzed longitudinally in twenty pediatric patients receiving HSCT—of which, ten were fed post-transplant with EN and ten with total PN. According to our findings, we observed the prompt recovery of a structural and functional eubiotic GM layout post-HSCT only in EN subjects, thus possibly reducing the risk of systemic infections and GvHD onset.
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Liu, Katherine, Mary Jo Atten, Annalynn Skipper, Seema Kumar, Diane L. Olson, and W. F. Schwenk. "Nutrition in the pediatric population, older adults, and obese patients Part IV. Enteral nutrition support." Disease-a-Month 48, no. 12 (December 2002): 745–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-5029(02)90014-3.

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46

Zarei-shargh, Parisa, Emad Yuzbashian, Atieh Mehdizadeh-Hakkak, Zahra Khorasanchi, Abdolreza Norouzy, Gholamreza Khademi, and Bahareh Imani. "Impact of Nutrition Support Team on Postoperative Nutritional Status and Outcome of Patients with Congenital Gastrointestinal Anomalies." Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases 12, no. 2 (May 12, 2020): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/mejdd.2020.171.

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BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate postoperative nutritional status in patients who underwent operations due to congenital gastrointestinal anomalies in surgical neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and to investigate the role of nutrition support teams (NSTs) on the outcome. METHODS A retrospective clinical study was carried out at two NICUs in Dr. Sheikh Pediatric Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. One of the NICUs was supported by NST and the other was not. A total of 120 patients were included through a non-random simple sampling. Different variables such as age, sex, prematurity, type of anomaly, birth weight, use of vasoactive drugs, weight gain in NICU, length of NICU stay, postoperative enteral nutrition initiation, duration of mechanical ventilation, mortality rate, maximum of blood sugar, the amount of calorie delivered to the calorie requirement ratio, and distribution of energy from enteral or parenteral roots were compared between the patients of two NICUs. RESULTS Median weight gain and the amount of calorie delivered during NICU stay in subjects of NSTsupported NICU was significantly more than other NICU. There was no significant difference in the length of NICU stay, enteral nutrition initiation after the operation, ventilation days, and percent of mortality between the two groups. The percentage of enteral feeding was also increased by about 2.8%, which was not significant. CONCLUSION NST could increase post-operative weight gain and calorie delivery in patients as well as providing an increase in enteral feeding rather than parenteral.
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Luo, Youyou, Jindan Yu, Jingan Lou, Youhong Fang, and Jie Chen. "Exclusive Enteral Nutrition versus Infliximab in Inducing Therapy of Pediatric Crohn’s Disease." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2017 (2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6595048.

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Aim. To compare the effectiveness of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) and infliximab (IFX) therapy in pediatric Crohn’s disease (CD). Methods. In a prospective study of children initiating EEN or infliximab therapy for CD, we compared clinical outcomes using the pediatric Crohn’s disease activity index (PCDAI), growth improvement, endoscopic mucosal healing, and adverse effects. Data were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks of therapy. Results. We enrolled 26 children with CD; of whom, 13 were treated with infliximab, 13 with EEN. Clinical response (PCDAI) reduction ≥ 15 or final PCDAI ≤ 10 was achieved by 83.3% in the EEN group and 90.9% in the IFX group. Body mass index for age (BMIFA) z-scores were significantly increased in both groups (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in PCDAI, height for age (HFA), or BMI recovery between two groups. Adverse effects were detected in 30.7% on infliximab and 0% on EEN. Mucosal healing was achieved in 71.4% cases in the EEN group versus 85.7% in the IFX group. Conclusion. EEN provided similar improvements as IFX in clinical symptoms, mucosal healing, and BMI. EEN therapy has less adverse effects when compared with IFX. This trial is registered with the Clinical Registration Number: ChiCTR-OON-17010834.
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Herrador-López, Marta, Rafael Martín-Masot, and Víctor Manuel Navas-López. "EEN Yesterday and Today … CDED Today and Tomorrow." Nutrients 12, no. 12 (December 10, 2020): 3793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12123793.

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The treatment of Pediatric Crohn’s Disease (CD) requires attention both to achieve mucosal healing and to optimize growth, while also maintaining proper bone health. Exclusive Enteral Nutrition (EEN) is recommended as first-line treatment in luminal CD. The therapeutic mechanisms of EEN are being discovered by advances in the study of the gut microbiota. Although the total exclusion of a normal diet during the time of EEN continues to be of high importance, new modalities of dietary treatment suggest a successful future for the nutritional management of CD. In this sense, Crohn’s Disease Exclusion Diet (CDED) is a long-term strategy, it apparently acts on the mechanisms that influence the appearance of inflammation (reducing dietary exposure to products negatively affecting the microbiota), but does so using specific available whole foods to achieve this goal, increases the time of clinical remission and promotes healthy lifestyle habits. The development of CDED, which partly minimizes the problems of EEN, has enabled a turnaround in the treatment of pediatric CD. This review highlights the role of enteral nutrition in the treatment of Crohn’s disease with special emphasis on newer dietary modalities such as CDED.
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Znamenska, T., O. Vorobiova, and Y. Marushko. "MODERN EXPERIENCE OF PARENTERAL NUTRITION WITH STANDARDIZED PREPARATIONS OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION IN PEDIATRIC PRACTICE: LITERATURE REVIEW." Neonatology, surgery and perinatal medicine 10, no. 4(38) (December 31, 2020): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2413-4260.x.4.38.2020.8.

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Parenteral nutrition can save the lives of newborns and children who cannot receive adequate oral or enteral nutrition due to premature birth, functional immaturity, intestinal failure or inability to tolerate breastfeeding enterally due to congenital surgical pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory, cardiovascular and other. Pediatric patients, in particular infants with very low and extremely low birth weight, are particularly vulnerable to energy deficiency and protein restriction, which occurs immediately after birth and / or during periods of serious illness. The aim ofthis work. Evaluate the current experience of using standardized drugs for parenteral nutrition in pharmacy and industrial production based on the analysis of the results of international clinical trials and published reviews in this regard. Materials and methods. The results of 27 scientific publications were retrospectively analyzed with clear results of clinical randomized observations (case-control studies, prospective cohort studies, time series and retrospective data), multicenter studies, meta-analyzes and systematic reviews of the use of standardized drugs nutrition, industrial production: Numeta G13E, Numeta G16E of the company "Baxter" (USA), etc., also 1 systematic review of the management of "ready-to-use" drugs for parenteral nutrition in newborns. A review of data from scientometric Internet databases: Pub Med, UpToDate, Medscape EU, Medscape Pediatrics, etc. Results. According to the literature, parenteral nutrition (PN) can be provided in the form of a standard mixture, currently mainly industrial production, which is designed to cover the nutritional needs of most patients of the same age group (pediatric, including neonatal) with a similar condition. Conclusions. Standard solutions for PN can be safely used in most pediatric and neonatal patients, including preterm infants with very low birth weight, usually for the short period of time (up to 2-3 weeks) required by most children. In general, standardized parenteral nutrition should be preferred to individualized solutions in most pediatric patients and infants, including preterm infants with very low birth weight. The ready-to-use standardized industrial product has the potential to reduce the risk of infection, provide a sufficient supply of nutrients, ensure the child's growth within the expected range, is easy to use, reduces prescription errors and potentially reduces economic costs. The short- and long-term impact of its use in subsequent clinical trials should be evaluated.
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MAKI, Hiroki, Emi SAWANOBORI, Kouki AOYAMA, Naomi KURATA, and Akihito HOSODA. "Low-fat Elemental Enteral Nutrition in the Management of Pediatric Acute Pancreatitis." Showa University Journal of Medical Sciences 31, no. 1 (2019): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15369/sujms.31.79.

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