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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pedodontics'
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1
Ling, Yu-kong John. "A morphometric study of the dentition of 12 year old Chinese children in Hong Kong /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1329006X.
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Mashaly, Ayat Mohamed Maged Mofid Ahmed. "Fracture resistance of different intra-canal systems for restoring primary anterior teeth in vitro study /." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B44173398.
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Wong, Hai Ming. "Developmental defects of enamel." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36269815.
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Patel, Arpi. "Motivational Factors for Treating Patients with Special Health Care Needs." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3716.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess what training and motivational factors dental providers report in providing dental care to PSHCN (patients with special healthcare needs. Materials and Methods: An electronic questionnaire was sent to n=104 fourth year dental students, n=147 general dentists with a specific continuing education course pertaining to PSCHN, and n=140 pediatric dentists in Virginia. The questionnaire consisted of four sections including Demographics, Professional Attitudes, Special Needs Patients and Motivational Factors, and PSCHN Cases. Results: The overall response rate for our study was 21%. The response rates of dental students, general dentists, and pediatric dentists were 30%, 10%, and 25%, respectively. A statistically significant difference was found for 10 out 12 motivational factors. Conclusions: There is a difference in motivational factors among the three different types of dental providers.
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Edmonds, Brandy N. "Prevalence and factors of sibling-recurrent dental treatment under general anesthesia." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5300.
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Objective/Aims: Assess the prevalence of sibling recurrent dental general anesthesia (DGA) at VCU Pediatric Dentistry. Assess factors that contribute to sibling recurrent dental general anesthesia. Methods: The guardian of patients with siblings were provided a questionnaire to assess the prevalence and factors associated with recurrent DGA. Results: A total of 40 families with a child presenting for GA and at least one sibling were included in the study. Of these, 45% had sibling-recurrent GA treatment (20% in one sibling; 25% in 2 or more siblings). Additionally, 13% of the children currently presenting for GA had already been treated under GA, and 15% of the siblings previously treated with GA had recurrent caries after GA. Conclusion: Sibling-recurrent general anesthesia is high at VCU Pediatric Dentistry Clinic. This increased prevalence could be due to parental acceptance and positive experiences with DGA. Dental providers should be pro-active with prevention methods.
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Lin, Htein. "Causes and prevalence of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors of school children aged 10-14 years in Maseru, Lesotho." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, etiology and types of injuries to permanent incisors among schoolchildren aged 10-14 years from Maseru, Lesotho. Upper and lower permanent incisors were examined for dental injuries.
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Ngu, Katherine P. "Prospective evaluation of dental day case general anaesthetic for children." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4683.
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Wong, Hai Ming, and 王海明. "Developmental defects of enamel." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36269815.
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Ghersel, Eloisa Lorenzo de Azevedo. "Influência do modo de armazenamento e do tipo de adesivo na microinfiltração de dentes decíduos restaurados com resina composta." Universidade de São Paulo, 1999. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23132/tde-18032004-080542/.
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RESUMO No presente trabalho foi feita uma avaliação, in vitro, da influência do modo de armazenamento e de dois tipos de adesivos dentinários na microinfiltração, em paredes axiais e cervicais de restaurações com resina composta, em segundos molares decíduos. As amostras foram divididos em três grupos de acordo com o tipo de armazenamento, denominados: Desidratado, Hidratado e Congelado. As amostras do grupo Desidratado foram mantidas secas, as do grupo Hidratado foram armazenadas em solução fisiológica em geladeira e as do grupo Congelado foram mantidas no freezer, também imersas em solução fisiológica. A seguir, as amostras receberam dois preparos cavitários do tipo slot vertical, um ocluso-mesial e o outro ocluso-distal. Nas cavidades ocluso-mesiais foi utilizado o sistema adesivo Scotchbond Multi-Uso, enquanto que nas ocluso-distais foi usado o adesivo monocomponente Prime & Bond 2.1, sendo todas restauradas com a resina composta Solitaire. Os grupos foram, então, submetidos à ciclagem térmica, antes de serem imersos em solução de Nitrato de Prata. Para avaliação da penetração do corante na interface dente-restauração, as amostras foram seccionadas primeiro no sentido vestíbulo-lingual, depois incluídas em resina autopolimerizavável para adaptação na máquina de seccionamento para então, receberem um segundo corte, agora no sentido mésio-distal, no centro da restauração. Os valores da microinfiltração nas paredes axiais e cervicais foram mensurados através de um sistema de imagens digitalizadas, apresentados em milímetros (mm) e, a seguir, submetidos a Análise de Variância. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o modo de armazenamento não teve influência estatisticamente significante na microinfiltração marginal das restaurações. A microinfiltração na parede cervical foi estatisticamente significante maior que na parede axial, com segurança de 99,9%. Os adesivos utilizados não tiveram influência estatisticamente significante na microinfiltração, nos modos de armazenamento estudados. Porém, houve diferença estatisticamente significante nas amostras do grupo Desidratado, com o adesivo Prime & Bond 2.1, considerando as margens da restauração (axial e cervical.SUMMARY This study evaluated the in vitro influence of the storage manner and two kinds of dentinal adhesive on the microleakage, in axial and cervical walls of composite restorations, in primary second molars. The samples were divided in three groups, according to the storage manner, and named: Desidratado, Hidratado and Congelado. The samples of the Desidratado group were kept dry, the ones of the Hidratado group were stored into phisiological saline solution under refrigeration, and the ones of the Congelado group were kept into the freezer, also immersed into the phisiological solution. Then, the samples received two vertical slot preparations, one mesio-occlusal and the other disto-occlusal. On the mesio-occlusal cavities, the adhesive system Scotchbond Multi-Uso was used, whereas on the disto-occlusal the monocomponent adhesive Prime & Bond 2.1 were chosen, and all of them were filled with the Solitaire composite. The groups were then thermocicled, before immersion in silver stain solution. In order to evaluate the infiltration of the stain in the tooth-restoration interface, the samples were sectioned, first in the vestibulo-lingual direction, and then included into auto-cure resin to the addaptation onto the secctining machine and receive a second cut in the mesio-distal direction, on the center of the restoration. The microleakage values of the axial and cervical walls were measured by a digitalized image system, presented in milimeters, and submitted to statistical analysis. The obtained results showed that the storage manner has no statistically significant influence on the marginal microleakage of the restorations, however, the microleakage of the cervical wall was significantly greater than of the axial wall, with 99,9% certainty. The used adhesive systems have not shown significant influence on the microleakage, in the studied storage manners. However, there was a statistically difference in the Desidratado group samples, with the Prime & Bond 2.1 adhesive, taking in count the margins of the restoration (axial and cervical).
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Alcaino, Eduardo A. "The demand for dental general anaesthesia in children at Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4752.
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Whitfield, Heath. "GENETIC VARIATIONS OF CYP2B6 ENZYME AND THE RESPONSE TO MEPERIDINE IN ORAL SEDATION." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2045.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of the CYP2B6 genotype to the clinical response to meperidine in pediatric dental patients. Methods: Forty-nine patients, ASA I/ II, 41–101 months old, received an oral sedative regimen containing meperidine for dental treatment. The North Carolina Behavior Rating Scale (NCBRS) and Overall Effectiveness of Sedation Scale (OESS) were used to assess their behavior and sedation outcome. Saliva DNA samples were genotyped by PCR-RFLP. Results: We found the following genotype distributions: homozygous wild-type 1*1 (n = 19, 39%), heterozygous 1*6 (n = 25, 51%), and homozygous variant 6*6 (n = 5, 10%). The genotypes showed a significant difference in the North Carolina Behavior Rating Scores and a trend towards significance of the Overall Effectiveness of Sedation Scale during meperidine oral sedations. Conclusion: This research concludes that variations of the CYP2B6 enzyme can be used in the prediction of successful behaviors for oral sedations that include meperidine in the drug regimen. Future research regarding the enzyme kinetics of meperidine is needed to determine the exact enzymatic function of CYP2B6 and its variants.
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Foster, Latrice. "ORAL HEALTH STATUS OF CHILDREN IN THE CHILD HEALTH INVESTMENT PARTNERSHIP (CHIP) PROGRAM." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2144.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe children’s dental disease status and functional health literacy of families enrolled in the Child Health Investment Partnership program in Roanoke Valley. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of children (n=166) enrolled in the Child Health Investment Partnership of Roanoke Valley, Virginia (CHIP). The parents of the 166 children completed the Life Skills Progression (LSP) survey at enrollment between September 2004 and September 2008 to assess their functional health literacy levels. Their LSP scores were used to determine their subsequent health care literacy (HCL), personal health literacy (PHL), and dental-child utilization (LSP22) scores. Descriptive statistics were recorded and a paired t-test was used to determine a relationship between the three measures of functional health literacy at baseline and at their most recent literacy assessment. Dental disease status was determined by an epidemiological dental exam and evaluated using d1d2-3f criteria. This was a visual exam that measured the presence of frank (d2-3) and non-cavitated carious lesions (d1), as well as filled teeth. Results: Descriptive analysis of the cohort reveals: 58% of the children enrolled had no carious teeth at the dental screening exam. The average mean of LSP scores for all three scales: HCL, PHL, and LSP22 were significantly different from baseline: p<.0001, p<.0009, and p<.0001, respectively. Conclusion: An improvement of parental functional health literacy has been documented in a low-income pediatric dental population when preventative efforts and education is delivered within the context of a home-visitation health program. The population of high-risk children had low levels of dental disease.
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Kuhnen, Marissa. "A Justification for the Trend Towards Indirect Pulp Therapy." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3817.
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Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective chart review was to determine how primary molars needing vital pulp therapy have been treated in the past four years at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) and to determine which treatments: indirect pulp therapy (IPT), formocresol pulpotomy, and ferric sulfate pulpotomy have been successful. Methods: AxiUm records that contained the procedure codes D3120 (Pulp Cap – Indirect) or D3220 (Therapeutic Pulpotomy) were totaled by year. Visit records were queried again to identify treatment failures i.e. extractions or pulpectomy. Results: In 2010, 52% of vital pulp therapies were ferric sulfate pulpotomies and in 2014 over 90% were indirect pulp therapy. Indirect pulp therapy had a 96.2% success rate, formocresol pulpotomy had a 65.8% success rate and ferric sulfate had a 62.9% success rate at three years (PConclusions:Indirect pulp therapy is a successful treatment option for the primary tooth with deep caries approaching the pulp
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Hofilena, Vanessa O. "A Comparison of Vitamin D Levels in Children with Early Childhood Caries." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3715.
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Purpose: To determine if there is an association between early childhood caries (ECC) and vitamin D deficiency, as measured via a serum sample. An exploratory goal was to investigate the possibility of measuring vitamin D with a salivary assay. Methods: Serum samples of patients who were scheduled for a dental or otolaryngology procedure under general anesthesia were assessed for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone and calcium. Results: Our analysis indicates that the vitamin D levels of the controls and ECC group were significantly different. There were significant inverse correlations between: 1) PTH levels and vitamin D and 2) decayed, missing, filled teeth (dmft) and vitamin D. Conclusions: A relationship between low serum levels of vitamin D and the prevalence of ECC for children 0 to 6 years of age was observed. The salivary assay was unable to measure vitamin D, but future studies should still explore this non-invasive technique.
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Razdan, Shinjni. "General Dentists' Role in providing care to very young children:Pediatric Dentists' Perspective." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3717.
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To examine the pediatric dentists’ perspective on level of care to children 0-3 years old by general dentists, an electronic survey was sent out to 5185 AAPD members and 769 responded (response rate: 14.8%). Forty-six percent agreed with a general dentist providing a dental home to children 0-3 years old. Only 24% agreed that general dentists could perform complex restorative and behavior management procedures for 0-3 years old. Younger respondents, pediatric dentists who practice in rural areas or teaching pediatric dentistry, and those who perceived adequate exposure during dental school were more likely to agree on general dentists proving a dental home (p values ranged from <0.0001 to 0.022). This study finding can help guide what level of care general dentists may provide and when a referral to a pediatric dentist is recommended and the appropriate competency level of entry-level general dentists to care for 0-3 years old.
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Gibson, Andrew. "Parental Perceptions of Oral Health Related Quality of Life for Children that Receive Care on Give Kids a Smile Day." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4133.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the oral health-related quality of life for patients treated at Give Kids a Smile. Methods: Participants were asked to complete a 25-question survey regarding their child’s oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), with answers ranked on a 0 to 4 point scale. Results: A total of 78 questionnaires were completed, with the mean score of 5.19. Conclusions: Give Kids a Smile was created to treat children with unmet oral healthcare needs, therefore it was hypothesized that the OHRQoL for the children treated would be negatively impacted and thus this score high. This was not demonstrated in the current study and these findings could be due to a variety of factors, including relying on the parent to report the child’s symptoms as well as low oral health literacy for parents completing the questionnaires.
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Dhillon, Manpreet K. "Use of Emoji in Pain Level Assessment in Pediatric Dental Patients." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5784.
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USE OF EMOJI IN PAIN LEVEL ASSESSMENT IN PEDIATRIC DENTAL PATIENTS
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of a pain scale with Emoji images in comparison to the commonly used Wong-Baker FACES® pain scale. Methods: Healthy, English-speaking patients aged 4-17 presenting to the VCU Pediatric Dental clinic and the operating room and presenting to the MCV Pediatric Emergency Room were asked to rate their pain using the Wong-Baker FACES® and Emoji scales. These patients were then asked to select which pain scale they preferred. Results: A total of 151 children were enrolled in the study. The proposed Emoji scale was preferred by 86% of enrolled children (n=151). Children rated their pain the same on the two scales 78% of the time indicating a weak overall agreement between the two scales as defined by Cohen’s Kappa (k=0.5863, 95% CI: 0.47-0.70). In the instances of disagreement, 82% were within one image on the pain scale. There was a roughly even split between which scale corresponded to the higher pain level (56% Wong-Baker was higher and 44% Emoji was rated higher). Conclusions: A majority of the patients surveyed presented with no pain. The Emoji scale showed moderate agreement with the Wong-Baker FACES scale. A majority of the patients preferred the Emoji scale demonstrating the strong communicative utility of Emoji.
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Haffner, John. "THE EVALUATION OF PAIN EXPERIENCED BY CHILDREN UNDERGOING SIMPLE EXTRACTION USING 2% LIDOCAINE VERSUS ORAQIX TOPICAL ANESTHETIC GEL." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1719.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the pain response experienced by children undergoing simple tooth extractions using 2% Lidocaine injection versus Oraqix topical anesthetic gel. Methods: This study is being conducted at VCU pediatric dentistry clinic. The sample size will consist of 15 children ages 7-12 undergoing a simple extraction procedure. Each participant is randomly assigned to one of two groups, the lidocaine injection group or the Oraqix topical group. The pain level will be measured at four key events during the procedure. The first event will evaluate the pain at baseline. The second event will measure pain during the anesthetic injection or Oraqix topical gel application. The third event will record the response after the tooth has been extracted and the final event will evaluate pain five minutes post operatively. The children are asked to rate their pain using the Facial Pain Scale after all four events. The dentist and an independent observer watching a video of the extraction will also examine and rate the pain responses of each child at each of the four events. Results: The first two participants received lidocaine injection and experienced some pain upon injection. This pain was supported by what the dentist rated as well. One child felt pain on extraction and the other felt nothing. The dentist rated both children as feeling pain. The Oraqix child felt nothing upon application but felt pain during the extraction and post-operatively. The dentist rated the child as feeling nothing during the entire procedure. Conclusions: It appears that the lidocaine injection group’s pain rating matches the pain rating given by the dentist. The Oraqix patient experienced no pain upon application, but did feel pain upon extraction and five minutes post-op. The dentist’s rating contradicted this by rating the child as feeling no pain through the entire procedure. This study is limited by the number of participants and needs more patients to further evaluate other children’s pain responses.
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Wu, Isabel. "Early childhood caries and its possible related factors in Macau." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B26196219.
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Henderson, Brett H. "Comparison of Triple Combination Oral Sedation Regimens for Pediatric Dental Treatment." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5785.
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Purpose: Compare the efficacy of two benzodiazepines (diazepam or midazolam) in combination with meperidine and hydroxyzine for pediatric dental sedation. Methods: A randomized, double blind observation study of behaviors and outcomes related to two sedation groups. Frankl and Houpt behavior scores were recorded at three time points: injection time, initiation of treatment and at the end of treatment. Postoperative phone call surveys were conducted within eight hours of discharge to assess sleep, activity, and behavior. Results: A total of 40 sedation subjects were included in the study, of which 20 were treated with diazepam triple Combination (Di+M+H) and 20 with midazolam triple regime (Mi+M+H). Treatment was successful for 45% of cases with midazolam and 70% with diazepam (P value=.20). Houpt sleep scores were significantly higher for diazepam than midazolam at injection (P-value=.0043) and during treatment (P-value=.0152). Although Frankl scores, Houpt move and Houpt cry scores tended to favor diazepam, none were statistically significantly different. More abnormal behavior was reported with midazolam, though not statistically significant (35% vs 6%, P-value=.0854). Postoperative sleep time was longer for midazolam, but not significantly different (median sleep time: 61 vs 45 minutes, P-value=.2071). Conclusion: The diazepam, meperidine, hydroxyzine triple combination sedation regimen shows promising results as a successful alternative to midazolam triple combination. Longer postoperative monitoring may be required with diazepam, but this study has shown postoperative sleep times to be less than previously reported. Larger sample size is needed to determine if the current trend will be maintained.
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Shingler, Arshia Ahmadi. "Oral Health in a Medical Setting." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/91.
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Objective: This purpose of this study was to describe pediatric medical residents' knowledge of oral health and dental-referral behavior and to examine factors that may influence whether providers can identify tooth decay, provide risk assessment or refer children to dental providers. The objective was to provide baseline data of pediatric medical residents prior to receiving the oral health education and training in the provision of preventive oral health services.Methods: This project utilized a cross-sectional prospective cohort study design. An oral health knowledge and referral behavior questionnaire was delivered to pediatric medical residents in training at two academic health centers. This project aimed to describe pediatric medical residents' knowledge of oral health and dental referral behavior as measured by the questionnaire. This study was designed to provide baseline information for a larger project called "Bright Smiles" developed by the Virginia Department of Health's Division of Dental Health. The self-administered questionnaire focused on extracting knowledge and opinions of residents and faculty in selected areas of infant oral- health services along with their confidence in providing these services. Results: The frequency of dental examinations correlated with how often providers see tooth decay in infants and toddlers. The frequency of examining for signs of dental decay was correlated with confidence in detecting tooth decay. The frequency of assessing the potential for developing tooth decay in infants and toddlers was correlated with the providers' confidence in evaluating risk of tooth decay. All above findings were correlated to a statistically significant value. Conclusion: Providers, while able to identify tooth decay in infants and toddlers, lack confidence in the ability to refer children to dental providers and the ability to perform certain aspects of oral-health risk assessment.
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Kuhn, Amanda Bowen. "Fluoride Varnish Use Among Dentists in Virginia." VCU Scholars Compass, 2008. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1180.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to asses fluoride varnish use by dental practitioners in Virginia. Methods: Using a cross sectional survey design, all dentists in Virginia who are members of the Virginia Dental Association (VDA) were sent an online survey about usage and knowledge of fluoride varnish. Results: The majority of the respondents were general dentists (79%) followed by pediatric dentists (12%). Fluoride varnish use increased with year of graduation from dental school. Dentists who thought fluoride varnish was more effective and less time consuming use it more than other topical fluorides. Dentists who thought their patients prefer fluoride varnish use it more than other topical fluorides.Conclusion: The majority of dentists are not aware of the advantages of fluoride varnish. However, those who are, choose to use it as opposed to foams and gels. Recent graduates, with more exposure to fluoride varnish, use it more frequently.
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Fries, Melissa. "FUNCTIONAL HEALTH LITERACY AND THE USE OF DENTAL SERVICES IN YOUNG CHILDREN." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1710.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine parental Functional Health Literacy and their child’s subsequent utilization of dental services. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of children (n=1175) enrolled in the Child Health Investment Partnership of Virginia (CHIP). Descriptive statistics and separate multivariate logistic regressions were used to determine the relationship between functional health literacy measures; 1) Health Care Literacy (HCL), 2) Personal Health Literacy (PHL), and 3) LSP 22 scale, with utilization as measured as number of dental visit/s. Results: Descriptive analysis of the cohort reveals: 45% black, 40% white, 10% Hispanic, 5% other, 41% of parents not having a high school diploma or GED, >75% were enrolled in CHIP by the age of one, 90% had Medicaid, 80% lived in Roanoke City, 87% had a normal birth weight, 86% were term pregnancies, and 91% did not have asthma. All literacy measures, PHL, HCL, LSP 22, and LSP 22 Target Range were positively associated with having dental utilization. Hispanic race had a less likely chance of having multiple dental visits even when within target range of LSP 22. Conclusion: Parents of children enrolled in CHIP with higher levels of functional health literacy as measured by the Life Skills Progression Instrument demonstrated an increased likelihood of dental utilization for their children.
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Nordeen, Katherine A. "The Effectiveness of a Preventive Recall Strategy in Children Following Dental Rehabilitation Under General Anesthesia." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3718.
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Purpose: This was a pilot study to assess the impact of a preventive strategy following full-mouth dental rehabilitation (FMDR) under general anesthesia in children with early childhood dental caries.
Methods: Sixty-six patients completed FMDR and were included in the analysis. At the consultation visit, caries risk assessment (CRA) and dental exam information were recorded, and caregivers completed an oral health knowledge (OHK) questionnaire. Patients returned for a post-surgery and recall visit. Caregivers received oral hygiene instructions in a motivational-interviewing style.
Results:At the consultation visit all patients were high risk. At the post-surgery visit, only 47% remained high risk (chi-square P
Conclusions: Preliminary data demonstrates that the preventive strategy is effective in reducing CRA level in children following FMDR.
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Westphal, Joshua. "Provider Appearance: a survey of guardian and patient preference." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4732.
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Purpose: To understand guardian and child preferences for the appearance of their pediatric dentist. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study using survey methodology with patients and parents that attended the VCU Pediatric Dental clinic.
Methods: A total sample of 100 guardians and 97 pediatric patient participants completed the computer-based questionnaire. Four subjects were asked to pose for photographs wearing various combinations of attire (professional, casual, white coat, scrubs).
Results: Among guardians, 56% reported preferring a provider in scrubs, with white coat the second most preferred attire (39%) for their children. For pediatric patients, scrubs were still most often selected, but at a lower rate (43%). White coat remained the second most preferred option at 37%.
Conclusions: Children and parents have strong perceptions and preferences regarding their dentists’ attire. The results of this study can be used, by providers, to improve the comfort, and acceptance of care by patients and guardians.
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Luke, Nicholas L. "A comparison of the antimicrobial efficacy of silver diamine fluoride and silver nitrate: an in vitro study." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5294.
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A COMPARISON OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF SILVER DIAMINE FLUORIDE AND SILVER NITRATE: AN IN VITRO STUDY
By: Nicholas L Luke, D.D.S.
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Dentistry at Virginia Commonwealth University.
Virginia Commonwealth University, May 2018
Thesis Advisor: William O. Dahlke Jr., D.M.D.
Pediatric Dentistry, Department Chair
Purpose: To determine the antimicrobial efficacy of SDF and SN/NaF.
Methods: Three bacterial species were combined to create an in vitro biofilm. Treatment was completed with SN, SN/NaF, SDF, SDF½ or untreated (control).
Results: The untreated group demonstrated significantly higher growth than all other treatment groups across the study. On the BHI-plates (1-day), there were significant differences between all treatments except SDF and SDF½. On the BHI-plates (3-days), SN/NaF was not significantly different from SDF or SDF½. On the L-MRS-plates (1-day), both SN treatment groups yielded significantly higher growth than the SDF groups. On the L-MRS-plates (3-days), SN yielded significantly higher growth than SN/NaF, SDF, and SDF½.
Conclusion: SDF is more effective than SN/NaF, with the exception of BHI-plates (3-days) only and SN/NaF is more effective than SN on primarily S. mutans and L. acidophilus. There is evidence of a possible antimicrobial tolerance of oral bacteria to silver.
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Porter, Allen Stuckey. "Insurance Status And Dental Disease in Virginia Schoolchildren." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/25.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to use data obtained from the 1999 Virginia Statewide Oral Health Survey to provide a descriptive account of the oral health status for Virginia schoolchildren and examine the relationship between a child's insurance status and indicators of oral health status.Methods: The Division of Dental Health (DDH), in the Virginia Department of Health (VDH), completed the 1999 Virginia Oral Health Needs Assessment (VSOHNA) in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Education. The survey used a probability proportional to size (PPS) sample design in selecting school children from public schools in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Descriptive and multi-variable regression analyses were completed to examine the relationship between insurance status and oral health status indicators. Results: In the primary dentition, schoolchildren with medical and dental insurance had the highest level of caries-free teeth at 46%, compared to the schoolchildren with no insurance at 34%, and those with medical insurance only at 31%. In the primary dentition, schoolchildren with no insurance had the highest prevalence of untreated decay at 65%, when compared to schoolchildren with medical insurance only at 42%, and those with both medical and dental insurance at 25%. There were no significant relationships between insurance status and caries experience or untreated decay in the permanent dentition.Conclusion: In the primary dentition, children with no insurance or medical insurance only were more likely to have untreated decay than those with both medical and dental insurance. Insurance status does not appear to be associated with caries experience or with untreated disease in the permanent dentition.
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Flowers, John. "Quantifiying the Depth of Oral Sedation Using Bispectral Index Monitoring." VCU Scholars Compass, 2008. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1511.
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Purpose: To determine whether Bispectral Index Monitoring is an effective tool for quantifying sedation depth after the administration of oral drug regimens in children.Methods: This retrospective study reviewed the charts of 75 children who received oral conscious sedation for dental treatment. Data collected from the chart included; 1) BIS values at 5 minute intervals and at five critical events: pre-operative, local anesthesia delivery, rubber dam placement (if utilized), during operative treatment, and postoperatively, 2) behavior ratings at the five critical events and an overall behavior assessment, 3) treatment data, and 4) demographic data. Results: The mean BIS value for orally sedation children in this study was 84.53 (SD = 5.76). The mean overall sedation assessment was 2.04 (SD = 1.16). No significant correlation was found between BIS values and behavioral ratings.Conclusion: The BIS monitor provided limited information regarding the depth of sedation in children undergoing oral sedation for dental treatment.
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LaLande, Carla. "Comparison of Emergence Behavior in Pediatric Dental Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia with Sevoflurane versus Desflurane." VCU Scholars Compass, 2008. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/940.
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Purpose: To determine which maintenance gas (sevoflurane versus desflurane) resulted in a faster emergence from general anesthesia and investigate the patient's emergence agitation. Methods: One group was maintained during general anesthesia with sevoflurane and the other with desflurane. Upon emergence the patient's behavior was evaluated.Results: The average emergence time for desflurane was 9.8; while the average for sevoflurane was 13.98 minutes. Patients who received premedication had an emergence time of 15.43 minutes, while patients who received no premedication emerged after 8.34 minutes.Zofran® was a significant predictor of purposeful actions. Patients were more aware of their surroundings when they received Zofran® compared to patients who did not receive Zofran®.Conclusion: Maintaining with desflurane and not premedicating patients allowed for a faster emergence from general anesthesia. Patients given Zofran® in their IV during the surgery had less emergence agitation then their counterparts.
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Berry, Elizabeth. "PREVENTIVE DENTAL SERVICES FOR INFANTS AND SUBSEQUENT UTILIZATION OF DENTAL SERVICES." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1708.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the use of dental services for young children following a preventive oral health intervention in a pediatric medical clinic. Over a 3 year period (2005-2008), children 0-36 months of age, enrolled in Medicaid, were provided preventive oral health services in a medical setting. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine the effect receiving the preventive oral health services in a medical setting with the outcomes of dental utilization. 15% were determined to have dental caries at the intervention and 42% found to have a dental visit post-intervention. Children determined to have decay at the intervention were significantly more likely to have one or more restorative or adjunctive service post-intervention. After receiving preventive oral health care in a medical clinic, the resulting utilization of dental services was higher than what is commonly reported for dental utilization in infant populations of low-income children.
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Carney, Jacqueline Michele. "Utilization of the vacuum form machine: Custom mouthguards versus esthetic bleaching trays." VCU Scholars Compass, 2003. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1278.
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Purpose: This study analyzed the percentage of Virginia practitioners utilizing vacuum form machines, types of appliances recommended, and types of patient information provided.Methods: Questionnaires were constructed and mailed to 2500 dentists.Results: 80% of dentists utilized vacuum form machines, 42.5% recommended mouthguards, 60.2% recommended home bleaching trays, 37.6% provided patient information on mouthguards, 37.1% provided patient information on home bleaching trays, 16.5% inquired on patient questionnaires about mouthguard protection during contact sports,and 17.3% inquired on patient questionnaires about tooth color satisfaction.Conclusions: Dentists use vacuum form machines for home bleaching trays more than mouthguards. General dentists and pediatric dentists provide patient information on mouthguards and home bleaching trays more often than orthodontists. General dentists provide patient information on home bleaching trays more often than pediatric dentists. Dentists in practice 25 or more years are the most likely to have patient questionnaires that address the use of mouthguards.
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Ellsworth, Chad Wallace. "Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Investigative Analysis of their Access to Dental Care." VCU Scholars Compass, 2004. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/970.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the utilization of dental services for children with autism spectrum disorders and identify barriers these children face when accessing dental services in the state of Virginia. Methods: A survey was mailed to families in the state of Virginia that care for at least one child with the neuro-developmental disorder on the autism spectrum scale. The mailing list was obtained from "The Autism Program of Virginia." This list contains the names of families/guardians of children with autism spectrum disorders. These individuals live throughout the State of Virginia. This project analyzed survey questions directly related to dental care access issues and other socioeconomic factors (age, race, family, income, sex and parental education). Results: The response rate of the survey was 29%. Autism was the most common diagnosis of the autism spectrum disorders among respondent's children (60%). No significant difference was found however, between access to dental services and the child's diagnosis. The majority of the children were white males between the ages of 3-11 years old. A history of difficult behavior in the dental office was a significant factor as to the amount of time that had past since the child's last dental visit, the child's ability to get care when needed and whether the child had a periodic dental provider. Income was significantly related to being able to get care when needed and having a periodic dental provider. No factors were significant as to whether a child was currently scheduled. Travel times were highly correlated with convenience with people having to travel more than one hour stating that receiving treatment was not convenient at all.Conclusion: Children with difficult behavior were statistically less likely to have a dentist for routine care, have longer intervals between treatment appointments and be less likely to receive care when needed. Pediatric dentists are treating the majority of these children. Twenty four percent of the children did not have a dentist for periodic oral health care. The most frequent reason for not being scheduled for a dental appointment was an inability to find a dentist with special skill or willingness to work with people having disabilities.
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Shults, Lawrence. "A Survey of the Usage of Topical Anesthesia Among Dentist." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2090.
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Purpose: The purposes of this study were four-fold: 1) to determine the types and effectiveness of various topical anesthetics being used among dentists currently treating children, 2) to determine the types of procedures for which topical anesthetics are being used among children, 3) to understand the awareness and use of a relatively newer compounded topical gel Oraqix (Dentsply Caulk) among children, 4) to understand the adverse reactions to topical anesthesia that are seen among children. Methods: A cross sectional survey was designed, regarding the type, procedural use, effectiveness, and adverse reactions noted among children to various topical anesthetics. The survey sampled n=4933 actively practicing member dentists from a database of willing survey participants obtained from the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. The survey consisted of 14-items in multiple choice/answer format. The survey was pilot tested by a committee of faculty, and attached via e-mail with a cover letter containing a direct survey link for the study participants. Surveys were collected, posted, and managed through www.surveymonkey.com. Results: The study received 1255 responses from practitioners who are actively treating children giving an effective response rate of 25%. Of those that participated 94% are Pediatric dentists, 6% General dentists or “Other” specialists who treat children. The majority of respondents (95%) routinely use topical anesthetic, rating it as effective or very effective clinically. The most commonly used topical was 20%-Benzocaine gel with a reported 96% effective rate. The most common procedures topical anesthetics are being used for are pre-injection of local anesthetic and extraction of exfoliating deciduous teeth. Very few of the responding practitioners have ever heard of or used Oraqix gel prior to this survey. Many though, would consider using Oraqix if proven effective. Only 10% of respondents reported an adverse reaction to topical anesthetics, the most common being contact dermatitis or tissue sloughing from prolonged contact, followed by an allergic or aversive reaction to the dyes or flavoring in the topical anesthetic. Conclusions: The overwhelming majority of dentists treating children routinely use topical anesthetics to reduce pain response among children. 20%-Benzocaine gel is the most widely used topical anesthetic being used for dental procedures on children. Adverse reactions to topical anesthetic noted among practitioners treating children are very low but must still be strongly considered as potential life threatening risks if not used appropriately. Many practitioners treating children are still looking for the “ideal” topical anesthetic with improvements in taste, the ability to stay localized, the method of delivery, and improved effectiveness being key areas for future research.
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Schmick, Aaron T. "Vital Pulp Therapy Survivability Based on Radiographic Depth of Caries." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4107.
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Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective chart review was to determine if the survival of two methods of vital pulp therapy (VPT) were influenced by the pre-operative radiographic depth and location of caries. Methods: Electronic patient records (axiUm®) that contained the procedure codes D3120, Indirect Pulp Therapy (IPT), or D3220, Therapeutic Pulpotomy (TP), were queried. Qualifying charts’ pre-operative and post-operative radiographs were viewed in MiPACS® by two raters. Visit records were queried again to identify any other treatment failures. Results: A total of 568 primary molars met the eligibility criteria. There was a difference in survival depending upon the treatment procedure (P < .0001), with D3220 having a significantly higher failure rate than D3120. In the 182 total cases with caries 2/3 to encroaching the pulp, therapy success was greater with IPT (P < .0001). Conclusion: IPT results in longer overall clinical success even at the deepest level of caries.
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Parikh, Ojas A. "A Comparison of Moderate Oral Sedation Drug Regimens for Pediatric Dental Treatment: A Pilot Study." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4786.
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Purpose: Compare moderate oral sedation of pediatric patients using Hydroxyzine and Meperidine with either Diazepam or Midazolam in management of pediatric dental patients.
Methods: Randomized, double-blind, crossover pilot study of patients 3 to 7 years of age requiring two sedation visits. Frankl and Houpt behavior scores recorded at injection time, initiation of treatment and 100% oxygen at end of treatment. Postoperative phone call surveys conducted within eight hours and within 24 hours of discharge. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests, Fisher’s Exact Chi-squared test and 0.10 significance level.
Results: 25 subjects completed 35 sedations. Eight participants completed both treatments and demonstrated significantly higher total Houpt Scores with Diazepam at all treatment stages. Frankl scores favored Diazepam at injection time. More abnormal behavior was found with Midazolam, less memory of the visit with Diazepam, but longer sleep time with Diazepam.
Conclusions: Sedation with the Hydroxyzine, Meperidine and Diazepam regimen may allow for a better overall sedation experience. Postoperative monitoring is essential. The results are promising and demonstrate the value of a larger study on sedation with Diazepam.
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Patel, Ajit A. "PCR Detection of Streptococcus Mutans and Streptococcus Sobrinus in Dental Plaque Samples from Low, Moderate, and High Caries Risk Children." VCU Scholars Compass, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1668.
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Hardin, Annelise Cecile. "Oral Health Knowledge of Caregivers in a Primary Care Setting." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/71.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of preventive dental services (screening, oral health education, and fluoride varnish) given by pediatric medical providers with an assessment of caregivers interviewed at baseline and at 6-months follow-up.Methods: Using a prospective cohort study design, an oral health knowledge and socio-demographic questionnaire was delivered to a cross-section of caregivers of preschool-aged children seen at VCU Children's Pavilion. Baseline data was used to conduct a cross-sectional analysis of caregivers prior to their children receiving preventive dental services (screening, oral health education, and fluoride varnish). Subsequently, six months into the program, caregivers of children receiving preventive dental services were retested on their oral health knowledge. The 23-item questionnaire included knowledge, behavior and opinion items on risk factors for dental diseases, care of child's teeth, and socio-demographic characteristics of the family. Data collection occurred in the clinic waiting rooms and the examination rooms. Results: A sample of 120 caregivers completed the baseline questionnaire. Caregivers at baseline reported 89% of the children have never been to a dentist. Sixty-four percent of caregivers have never been told by a doctor or nurse when their child should go to the dentist. After receiving preventive dental care in a primary care setting, there was a significant increase in the use of fluoridated toothpaste and less trouble brushing the child's teeth. Caregivers reported a significant increase in information given to them by medical residents about how to brush the child's teeth.Conclusion: The delivery of preventive dental services in a primary care setting is effective in improving certain aspects of caregiver oral health knowledge, though persistence is needed to further caregiver education in an effort to improve the oral health of children.
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Phelps, Joy Leatrice Barnes. "Virginia Emergency Department Physician Knowledge of the Emergent Treatment of Avulsed Teeth." VCU Scholars Compass, 2008. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/845.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge and treatment protocols for physicians in Virginia emergency departments in regards to the emergent treatment of avulsed teeth.Methods: Using a cross sectional survey design, an 8-item questionnaire regarding the treatment of avulsed teeth was emailed to 75 emergency department chairpersons in Virginia. After 30 days, a reminder paper copy of the questionnaire was mailed and an email reminder with the on-line link was sent. After 60 days the study was closed. Comparisons were made using chi-square analysis based on percentages to test for significance. Results: The response rate was 52 % (n = 39). There were no associations between physician knowledge of the treatment of avulsed teeth and whether there was a protocol for treatment, an in-house dental team, or an on-call dentist available. Conclusion: Most of the physicians have some knowledge of the treatment of avulsed teeth; however further training would help ensure appropriate treatment.
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Davis, Rhea DelCastillo. "Infant Oral Health: A Survey of General Dentists, Pediatric Dentists, and Pediatricians in Virginia." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1332.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and experiences related to infant oral health for both dental and medical providers.Methods: A survey of infant oral health care was sent to 300 randomly selected general dentists, 300 randomly selected pediatricians, and all pediatric dentists in Virginia. The survey contained questions regarding the providers' routine infant oral health care regimen. In addition demographic data from the provider was collected. Responses to the questionnaire were tabulated and percent frequency distributions for responses to each item computed. Percents for all items were based on the total number of respondents in each of the three practitioner groups.Results: The response rate of the survey was 48%. While 100% of pediatricians treat the infant population, only 5% refer for the first dental visit by age one. In addition compared to dentists fewer pediatricians examine for dental decay or give oral hygiene instructions. Less than half of general dentists surveyed treat the infant population and only 12% refer for the first dental visit by age one. Compared to pediatricians and pediatric dentists general dentists were less likely to discuss the first dental visit or nutritional counseling. Amongst the three practitioner types, pediatric dentists provide the most thorough dental exam, however only 25% actually treat infants by one year of age. Access to dental care remains a significant factor in early childhood caries.Conclusion: Results from this research suggest that the majority of pediatricians and general dentists are not advising patients to see the dentist by one year of age. Concurrently the majority of dentists are not treating patients at one year of age, resulting in a critical problem with access to care. There is a need for increased infant oral health care education in the medical and dental communities to appropriately handle this infant population.
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Meinerz, Susan A., Harmeet Chiang, Peter C. Moon, Lorin M. Bachmann, Tegwyn Brickhouse, Al M. Best, and Tiffany Williams. "Serum Vitamin D, PTH, and Calcium Levels in Patients with and without Early Childhood Caries." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4128.
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Purpose: The purpose was to determine differences in serum vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcium levels between patients with early childhood caries (ECC) and patients without dental decay.
Materials and Methods: Serum vitamin D, PTH, and calcium levels were obtained from 30 children without dental decay who acted as controls and 60 children with ECC. A questionnaire was filled out by the parent/guardian of each participant consisting of questions regarding medical and dental history, exposure to sources of vitamin D and demographic information.
Results: The difference in the vitamin D levels of the participants was most strongly associated with race. African American participants demonstrated lower levels of vitamin D than non-African Americans. After adjusting for race- related differences there was no significant difference in the Vitamin D levels in the ECC cases and the healthy controls.
Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that vitamin D levels, at least among non-African Americans, are unrelated to caries development. Future research in this area must control for important confounding factors such as skin pigmentation, season of measurement of serum vitamin D, sun exposure, fluoride exposure, water fluoridation status and tooth brushing in order to allow for vitamin D levels to be better tested against caries experience.
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Rogers, Roy H. "Development of a Dental Access Survey Instrument for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders." VCU Scholars Compass, 2003. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/49.
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DEVELOPMENT OF A DENTAL ACCESS SURVEY INSTRUMENT FOR CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERSBy Roy H. Rogers, B.A., B.S., D.D.S.A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University.Virginia Commonwealth University, June 2003Thesis Director: Frank H. Farrington, D.D.S., M.S.Department of Pediatric DentistryPurpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a survey instrument or questionnaire to evaluate access to dental care for children with autism spectrum disorders.Methods: The research methods of this study were conducted in a 16-step process. Survey questions were evaluated based on analysis of response frequencies and item non-response (missing data), the content of open-ended responses on the questionnaire, the researcher's judgment regarding how well the question worked within the questionnaire design construct, redundancy across questions, and whether or not the question met the project's proposed analytical goal (purpose): to evaluate access to dental care for children with autism spectrum disorders. Judgment-based evaluation of each question was tabulated using Excel spreadsheet format.Results: The overall response rate for the pilot test mailing was 46.8% (22/47). The overall sample size was reduced from n=50 to n=47 due to one undeliverable survey instrument/questionnaire and two survey instrument/questionnaires returned because neither respondent had any children with autism spectrum disorders. The mean age of children sampled was 7.1 years with a standard deviation of 3.6 years. 68.2% (15/22) of the children were male and 31. 8% (7/22) were female. 22.7% (5/22) found it difficult to locate a dentist to treat their child. 54.5% (12/22) of children were treated by a pediatric dentist. 52.9% (9/17) required the use of restraints when being treated by a dentist. 52.4% (11/22) described their child's behavior as uncooperative requiring either nitrous oxide, oral sedatives, or general anesthesia in order to be treated. 81.8% (18/22) of respondents indicated that their child had some form of dental/medical health care coverage including but not limited to private health insurance. Survey questions 9, 10, 14, 15, 20, 25, and 51 were revised, questions 2, 4, 5, 28, and 38 were omitted, and one question was added (question number 4) in the final survey instrument.
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Roberts, Kathryn Martinez. "Children's Oral Health Quality of Life in a Community Setting." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/73.
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The purpose of this study was to assess the baseline oral health quality of life of high-risk children and examine differences in oral health quality of life according to the child's treatment needs at an oral screening exam. We hypothesized that a child's oral health related Quality of Life (QOL) would be correlated with dental treatment needs. This study was a cross-sectional design with subjects who were 8-14 year old patients of Virginia Commonwealth University and/or members of the Boys and Girls Club of Metro Richmond. The oral health quality of life was measured using the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ). It is a multidimensional scale that includes items concerning functional aspects including oral pain and discomfort, but also includes psychological and social aspects. The four domains tested are: oral symptoms, functional limitations, emotional well-being and social well-being. The children were asked to report on these domains as they related to their oral health in the past 3 months. The dental treatment needs of the children were categorized as (0) no future needs, or (1) restorative or orthodontic needs. Those with no future needs were scheduled for a 6 months periodic exam and prophylaxis (cleaning). The children in need of restorative treatment were scheduled for such (restorations, stainless steel crowns, extractions), and those in need of orthodontics were referred for consult to an orthodontist. The final sample population consisted of 107 children, predominately African American (84%). The intra-oral screenings revealed 75% of children required future dental treatment, specifically 84% restorative and 12% orthodontic work and 25% in need of preventative recall (cleaning and exam at 6 months). Overall, children reported high levels of oral health quality of life. When asked about the overall health of their teeth, lips, jaws and mouth, 39 % (n=42) reported excellent or very good, 50% (n=53) reported good, and 9% (n=10) reported fair or poor. When asked how "overall life" was affected by oral health, 72% (n=77) reported very little or not at all, 13% (n=14) reported some, and 15% (n=16) reported a lot or very much. There were no significant correlations between the oral health quality of life domains and the children's dental treatment needs.
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Hall, Holly Christel. "Oral Health Needs of Virginia Schoolchildren by HMO Regions." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1499.
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Purpose: This study examined differences in oral health status and dental treatment needs by HMO regions in Virginia. Methods: The Division of Dental Health (DDH), Virginia Department of Health (VDH), completed the 1999 Virginia Oral Health Needs Assessment (VSOHNA) with the cooperation of the Virginia Department of Education. The survey used a probability proportional to size (PPS) sample design in selecting school children from public schools in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Surface (DMFS/dfs) and tooth-level (DMFT/dft) data were collected as indicators of dental disease on all children. Child-level data was also recorded for each student consisting of age, race, gender, enrollment in a free and reduced lunch program, medical insurance status, dental insurance status, and history of dental visits. A descriptive and regression analysis was completed to examine the relationship between HMO regions and oral health status indicators. Results: The survey included more than 5,000 children in 200 schools and 52 school districts. The mean DMFT/dft levels were 1.47 (.33) and 1.7 (.03), respectively. The mean level of untreated decay (dt) for all schoolchildren was 0.66 (0.01). First graders had the highest levels of untreated disease at 0.71, while third graders had a mean of 0.66. The Central region of the state appeared to have the highest level of untreated decay. Conclusion: There were no significant differences in the percentage of "caries-free" children between the HMO regions. Untreated dental disease of Virginia schoolchildren varied according to the region in which they lived.
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Zima, Andrew. "THE EFFECTS OF MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING IN PREGNANCY ON KNOWLEDGE AND RETENTION OF INFANT ORAL HEALTH INFORMATION." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2048.
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THE EFFECTS OF MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING IN PREGNANCY ON KNOWLEDGE AND RETENTION OF INFANT ORAL HEALTH INFORMATION By Andrew D. Zima, Jr., B.S., M.S., D.D.S. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Dentistry at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2010 Major Director: Tegwyn H. Brickhouse, D.D.S., Ph.D Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry Purpose: The purpose was to examine the effect of motivational counseling in pregnancy with readiness and acceptance of infant oral health information. Methods: The study used a prospective cohort design to examine the effect of prenatal education and motivational counseling with expectant mothers about infant oral health care readiness. Participants were all enrolled in a prenatal care program called Centering Pregnancy offered by VCU’s Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. They all completed a pre-survey questionnaire, followed by a motivational counseling intervention, and then completed a post-survey questionnaire. A third survey was sent out 1 year post-partum. The participants were evaluated for their willingness to accept v vi information, their knowledge about infant oral health, and the retention and implementation of infant oral health information. Results: A sample of 87 pregnant women completed the pre- and post-survey and 11 of these participants completed and mailed back the 1 year post-partum survey. Based on the analysis of the readiness (RAPIDD scale) responses, the participants showed statistically significant overall improvements in their pre versus post survey openness to health information (p < .0039) and value for dental health (p < .001). The results for the knowledge portion of the survey demonstrated an increase in their infant oral health education, showing a significant change across time (p < .0001) from the pre survey to both the post and 1 year post partum surveys. The results to the last portion of the pre, post, and 1 year survey illustrated that the participants learned at what age to establish a dental home for their infant. Conclusion: This study has shown that with the proper educational tools parents are able to accept and improve their knowledge related to infant oral health and the prevention of early childhood caries. Data suggests that parents are implementing routine home infant oral health measures, but fewer have established a dental home by age 1.
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Dugoni, Meredith L. "Role of the Pediatric Dental Provider in Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Education." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4733.
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Purpose: This study investigates knowledge about HPV and examines if pediatric dental providers should include HPV education for guardians of patients 10-18 years.
Methods: Legal guardians of 10-18 year-old patients of the Virginia Commonwealth University Pediatric Dental Clinic were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. Participants completed a baseline survey, were provided HPV education, completed an initial follow-up survey, and then completed a 6-month follow-up survey.
Results: A total of 54 participants completed the baseline and initial follow-up surveys and 17 completed the 6-month follow-up survey. The average number of correct responses was 3.4 of 6 knowledge questions, which significantly improved to 5.4 at follow-up (P<.0001). The greatest increase in the percent responding correctly was regarding HPV and oropharyngeal cancer from 22% baseline to 91% at initial follow-up (P<.0001). Regarding Stage of Change, 14 (23%) of those not initially in the Action group had improved at least 1 stage. At the 6-month follow-up, 3 (43%) guardians reported completing the HPV vaccine series.
Conclusions: These results demonstrate limited knowledge about HPV and highlight the pediatric dental provider’s ability to educate. Since the greatest knowledge gap pertained to HPV and oropharyngeal cancer, it is important for pediatric dental providers to increase their role in HPV education. As oral cancers are the purview of dentists, practitioners should be involved with their patients’ consideration of the HPV vaccine.
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Staines, Cole A. DDS. "Perception of Patient Cooperation Among Dentist, Guardian, and Child." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5783.
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Purpose: Evaluate behavior assessment and agreement among dentist, guardian, and child. Evaluate child behavior by appointment type.
Methods: Patients recruited from the pediatric dental department at Virginia Commonwealth University for this convenience sample. Inclusion criteria: patients presenting for clinical exams and/or restorative treatment without the use of advanced behavior guidance between August 29, 2018, and March 7, 2019; ages 4-12-years-old; and scheduled with a single clinician. Appointments were stratified by difficulty. Behavior was assessed by dentist and caregiver using the Frankl Scale. Patient self-assessed cooperation using an age-appropriate modified Frankl Scale, developed for this study. Agreement assessed among the 3 scores at each appointment using descriptive statistics and Cohen’s Kappa. Behavior trends across appointment type assessed using Kruskal-Wallis test. SAS software (2013, Cary, NC). P-value < 0.05.
Results: Forty-one patient-guardian dyads enrolled in the study. Five dyads experienced multiple encounters. Demographics for the patients enrolled: 59% male; 44% Caucasian, 29% African American, 5% Asian, 2% Hispanic, 20% other/multiracial. Average patient age: 7.6 (range: 4- 12). Most patients had 1 encounter (n=36, 88%). Frankl Score agreement for provider/guardian was 79% (k=0.335), provider/child was 70% (k=0.248), and guardian/child was 81% (k=0.314). In disagreements, guardians rated behavior better than provider. Disagreement was split for provider/child and guardian/child, with the child tending to rate themselves higher, and the guardian tending to rate the child higher respectively. Marginal evidence that hard appointments resulted in poorer behaviors.
Conclusion: There is fair agreement between child, guardian, and provider. In disagreements, guardians tend to rate the child’s behavior better compared to the provider and child self-assessment. Dental providers tend to be more critical of patient behavior. Marginal evidence to support harder appointments result in poorer behaviors.
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Kim, Gail. "Impact of Sensory Adapted Dental Environment on Children with Developmental Disabilities." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5295.
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Purpose: This was a pilot study assessing the impact of a sensory adapted dental environment (SADE) on children with developmental disabilities (DD) receiving routine dental care.
Methods: A crossover study of 22 children with DD, aged 6 through 21, was conducted at Virginia Commonwealth University Pediatric Dental clinic. Each participant was randomized to a sequence of two dental cleanings, one regular dental environment (RDE) and one SADE with a 3-4-month recall. Outcomes included physiological measures (heart rate and oxygen saturation) and cooperation (Frankl scores).
Results: Study subjects completed a total of 36 visits. None of the physiological measures differed at either time point between the two treatment settings. The Frankl scores were significantly higher with SADE setting than RDE (p =0.0368). Forty-six percent of parents strongly agreed that they would prefer the SADE for their child’s next visit.
Conclusion: SADE may be associated with improved behavior in children with DD.
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Hollowell, Robert Louis III. "A Survey on the Usage of Articaine Among General and Pediatric Dentists." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/951.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the impact that the introduction of articaine has had on local anesthetic selection by general and pediatric dentists for use in three different age groups of children.Methods: Using a cross sectional survey design, a questionnaire regarding the use of local anesthetics in children was mailed to a random sample of 500 general dentists from North Carolina, 500 general dentists from Virginia, and all 230 pediatric dentists from North Carolina and Virginia. The 16-item questionnaire included questions regarding the preferred local anesthetic to use in three different age groups, 2-3 years of age, 4-6 years of age, and 7-10 years of age. Furthermore, the questionnaire also included questions specifically on articaine use in the three different age groups and any related side effects. The association between dental practitioner type and anesthetic use was tested using chi-square or Fisher's exact test.Results: A sample of 337 dentists completed the questionnaire. There was no significant difference in preference of articaine except in older patients aged 7-10 years old where general dentists prefer articaine significantly more than do pediatric dentists (28.1% versus 15.9%). Lidocaine with epinephrine was the local anesthetic that was most preferred in all age groups by all practitioners. Pediatric dentists preferred lidocaine more often than general dentists and general dentists preferred lidocaine without epinephrine more often than pediatric dentists. Twenty-one percent of all dentists surveyed have used articaine in children under 4 years of age and 13% list articaine as the preferred local anesthetic for children under 4 years of age.Conclusion: While lidocaine with epinephrine is still the preferred local anesthetic for use in children, the use of articaine in children is very prevalent among general and pediatric dentists. Articaine use becomes more prevalent as the age of the patient increases and many pediatric and general dentists are using articaine in children under four years of age.
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Arteaga, Patricia. "THE EFFECTS OF MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING IN PREGNANCY ON INFANT ORAL HEALTH KNOWLEDGE AND BEHAVIOR." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1707.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine infant oral health knowledge and readiness of expectant mothers to incorporate preventive oral health behaviors for their infants. Methods: The study used a prospective cohort design to examine the effect of prenatal education and motivational counseling with expectant mothers about infant oral health care readiness. Participants were all enrolled in a prenatal care program called Centering Pregnancy offered by VCU’s Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. They all completed a pre-survey questionnaire, followed by a motivational counseling intervention, and then completed a post-survey questionnaire. Results: A sample of 30 pregnant women completed the pre- and post-survey. The participants were predominantly white (60%) who had finished college (67%) with an average age of 28.8 years. Based on the analysis of the readiness (RAPIDD scale) responses, the participants showed an improvement in their value for dental health with a p-value illustrating a significant overall change between the pre and post surveys (p < .02). The results for the knowledge portion of the survey demonstrated an increase in their infant oral health education, showing a significant change across time (p < .0001). The results to the last portion of the pre and post survey illustrated that the participants learned at what age to establish a dental home for their infant. Conclusion: This study has shown that with the proper educational tools parents are able to accept and improve their knowledge related to infant oral health and the prevention of early childhood caries.
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Dixon, Jennifer Mark. "Child's Temperament and Conscious Sedation Outcomes." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/654.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of child temperament and its effect on the outcome of conscious sedation using the following agents: Chloral Hydrate (35mg/kg), Meperidine (2mg/kg), and Hydroxyzine (2mg/kg).The Emotionality, Activity, Sociability (EAS) Temperament Survey for Children was used to measure the child's temperament. The temperament survey measures three realms (Emotionality, Activity, Sociability/Shyness). The sedation outcomes were rated using the modified North Carolina Behavior Rating Scale (NCBRS) from 1-4 (Quiet, Annoyed, Upset, and Wild). The final sample population consisted of 34 children, 24 girls (71%) and 10 boys (29%), ranging in age from 0-9 years old (M=5.6 years old, SD=1.8 years old). The sample population showed moderate emotionality (M=2.56, SD=0.96, p=0.5707), high activity (M=4.15, SD=0.72, p=0.2423), high sociability (M=3.63, SD=0.60, p=0.7853), and moderate shyness (M=2.50, SD=0.86, p=0.9930). Of the critical events, local anesthesia (F=74%, M=1.31, SD=0.58) and rubber dam placement (F=77%, M=1.26, SD=0.51) showed the most disruptive behaviors. Correlation results showed no significant temperament influence on overall effectiveness of sedation for the EAS sub-scales. Individual EAS scores, moderate emotionality, high activity, high sociability, and moderate shyness, did not predict the overall effectiveness of the sedation in this population.