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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pedogog'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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1

Bristol, Laurette Maria Stacy. "Mouth open 'Tory jumpout! Subverting the Colonial legacy of plantation pedogogy in Trinidad and Tobago." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489363.

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Drawing upon the resources of postcolonial perspectives, for both its theoretical and methodological framework, this thesis engages in a critique of teaching in a postcolonial setting. Building upon Best's (1968b) and Levitt's (2005) criticisms of plantation economies the thesis draws on a relationship between education and economy to construct the conceptual framework for understanding plantation pedagogy. The thesis constructs plantation pedagogy as a form of pedagogy which perpetuates the continuation of colonial assumptions through ideological positions that have become endemic to the culture of education in Trinidad and Tobago. Against this understanding. Part One of the thesis sets the methodological, historical and theoretical foundation for the argument that in order for teachers, in Trinidad and Tobago, to transcend the limitations of their inherited understandings of teaching and education, teaching needs to become a more subversive activity.

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2

Ellis, Larry R. "Subaqueous pedology expanding soil science to near-shore subtropical marine habitats /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0011640.

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3

Oneal, Bradley R. "Quaternary stratigraphy and pedology of Clear Creek watershed in Iowa County, Iowa." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1473241.

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4

Johnson, Brian Edward. "Pedagogical methodology & architectural facilitation." Thesis, Montana State University, 2010. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2010/johnson/JohnsonB0510.pdf.

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Pedagogical methodology has rarely been considered as a driving force in educational facilities planning and design. Because of constantly changing learning modalities, state standardization of learning and incredibly diverse educational demographic, designing learning spaces that support various pedagogies is paramount if our students are to succeed in the knowledge-based economy. From its beginnings as the rural one-room school house to the contemporary single volume, teaching and learning methodologies are continually changing and adapting to contemporary necessity. Little emphasis has been placed over the qualitative aspects of facilities planning, and how children may benefit from varying spatial environments. No practical and consistent concept of open-space learning has ever been established when considering open-concept education. This is the fundamental tenet to this master's thesis. This thesis will analyze contemporary learning methodologies with particular emphasis on physical learning and the transition to digital learning. Through the analysis of varying pedagogies specific qualitative themes, modalities, and hierarchical mechanisms will be made known and the architectural design strategies will draw upon these themes. The thesis presents information necessary to designing within a neighborhood sensitive to history and place. The rich significance of place in the Mississippi/Yazoo Delta will be a driving force in the design of a K-6 Elementary school to replace the existing school. The thesis will additionally draw upon the analysis of various precedents, demographic studies, site analyses, and code analyses to establish an architecture rich in character and performative qualities necessary for growing minds.

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5

Hardie, Alasdair Macdonald. "The effect of soil hydrology, pedology and land use on manganese mobilisation in upland catchments." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13996.

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Instrumentation to monitor soil water chemistry and soil hydrology was installed within a sub-catchment of Loch Bradan water supply reservoir in SW Scotland. Following the dry summer of 1995, raw water samples from this reservoir contained Mn concentrations far greater than the EC standard. This increase in reservoir water Mn concentration is believed to have resulted from processes associated with the rewetting of exceptionally dry catchment soils. For this study, six field sites were chosen to allow comparison of the effect that major soil types (peat, peaty gley, peaty podzol) and land uses (Sitka spruce plantation, moorland) within the catchment had on Mn mobilisation upon rewetting following a dry period. Soil water and stream water samples were collected over an 18-month period from April 1999 to October 2000. Additional data were also collected concerning Mn concentration in soil, stream sediment, precipitation and vegetation samples in order to characterise potential Mn sources within the catchment. Results from the field monitoring programme indicate that land use did not influence soil water Mn concentrations and that there was no seasonal peak in soil water Mn concentration from any of the instrumented soil horizons. However, the absence of extended drying conditions during the monitoring period may explain this lack of anticipated seasonal Mn mobilisation, as it is possible that soils did not dry out to the extent where Mn mobilisation would occur. Laboratory experiments were undertaken to examine the potential of catchment soils to release Mn following prolonged drying conditions not encountered during the field monitoring programme. Soil cores were collected from the same major soil horizons and land uses that were instrumented during the field monitoring programme and allowed to dry under controlled conditions before rewetting. Soil water chemistry data from these experiments indicates that Mn mobilisation occurred within specific horizons, containing both mineral and organic matter, rather than from all soil horizons.

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6

Johnson, Kristofer Dee. "The Application of Pedology, Stable Carbon Isotope Analyses and Geographic Information Systems to Ancient Soil Resource Investigations at Piedras Negras, Guatemala." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2004. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/549.

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The ancient inhabitants of the Maya Lowlands enjoyed a long and fruitful period of growth which climaxed at around AD 800. At that time, millions of people successfully subsisted in a challenging environment that today only supports a population a fraction of that size. These facts, and the subsequent "Maya Collapse", are the impetus of many recent studies that utilize environmental data, in addition to conventional archaeology, to investigate this Maya mystery. Pedological studies and stable carbon isotope analysis of soil organic matter, combined with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are three tools that can be used to answer crucial questions as to how the Maya managed their soil resources. GIS maps that indicated areas of best agricultural potential based on slope and soil type were used as a guide to opportunistically sample soils in an area south of Piedras Negras Guatemala – an area that was densely vegetated and unexplored. Soils that represented the different soil resources of the area were sampled with a bucket auger at 15 cm intervals. The samples were then tested in a laboratory for physical and chemical characteristics and δ-13C values were determined for soil organic matter. Soil taxonomical descriptions indicated that overall the soil resources of the area were very good as almost all the soils were classified as Mollisols - the most fertile of all the soil orders. The suite of great groups found was Haprendolls, Argiudolls, Argiaquolls and Udorthents. The characteristics which distinguish these great groups were used to further investigate relative agricultural productivity from an ancient soil resources point of view. Haprendolls were better drained and probably made for good agricultural soils given soil depth and rainfall were adequate. The Argiudolls and especially the Argiaquolls were probably less favored because of very high clay contents that made them more difficult to work with and poor drainage. Stable carbon isotope analyses revealed strong evidence for maize agriculture in some environments of the study area. δ-13C values as high as -16.6‰ (76% C4—Carbon) were observed in areas of significant soil accumulation in well drained and moderately drained soils. Minimal evidence of maize agriculture was found in more marginal environments such as those with little soil accumulation or poorly drained areas. Also, the pattern of the graph of δ-13C values versus depth indicated that ancient agriculture occurred continuously in some areas, but in other areas as distinguishable events. Finally, when the strength of the C4 signal was represented graphically and overlaid with a modified GIS agricultural potential map, a visual representation of the extent and degree of ancient agriculture was achieved. Our findings suggest that upland agriculture was favored by the ancient Maya of Piedras Negras and that the region between Piedras Negras and Yaxchilan was an agriculturally important breadbasket. The methods and results of this study provide foundational information for the investigation of ancient Maya agriculture. In future studies, it may be possible to more systematically map ancient agricultural fields and estimate the carrying capacity of a region based on its soil resources.

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7

McClain, Mark Stephen. "The forest composition and the pedology of the undisturbed soils in an old-growth virgin beech-maple forest in east-central Indiana." Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/426369.

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The edaphic and pedologic factors of forest soils and their influence on the naturally occurring climax vegetation in an old-growht forest in east-central Indiana were examined. The northern portion of this woods is a virgin remnant of the presettlement forest that Braun (1950) described as the BeechMaple Forest Region. This remnant is best classified as a sugar maple-American beech-slippery elm association. The undisturbed soils found were the moderately well drained Glynwood soils (Aquic Hapludalfs, fine, illitic, mesic), the somewhat poorly drained Blount soils (Aeric Ochraqualfs, fine, illitic, mesic), the poorly drained Lenawee Variant soils (Typic Haplaquepts, fine, nonacid, mixed,mesic), and the very poorly drained Lenawee (taxajunct) soils (Mollic Haplaquepts, fine-loamy, nonacid, mixed, mesic). The seasonal high water table and internal soil drainage of the soils appear to influence the survival and importance of the dominant tree species. There were 25 tree species sampled.The three most important tree species were sugar maple (Acer saccharum, Marsh.), American beech (Fagus qrandifolia Ehrh.), and slippery elm (Ulmus rubra Muhl.)on the Blount, Glynwood, and Lenawee Variant soils. The fourth most important tree species was silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) which was restricted to the lowland-depressional forest type (Lindsey and Schmelz, 1970) inclusion represented by the Lenawee (taxajunct) soils. The distribution of tree species occurring on each of the four soils was statistically examined at the 0.05 level of significance. Sugar maple had a significantly higher mean average basal area on the Glynwood soils; American beech had a significantly higher average number of trees on the Blount soils; and slippery elm had a significantly higher proportion of trees on the Glynwood soils.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

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8

Baghernejad, Majid. "A micromorphological study of the results of vertical and lateral movements of calcium carbonate through soils : an experimental morphogenetic approach to pedology." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316185.

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9

Lee, Say Yong. "Centrifuge modelling of cone penetration testing in cohesionless soils." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/250983.

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10

Maccarini, Marciano. "Laboratory studies for a weakly bonded artificial soil." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8129.

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11

Atkinson, Susan Lesley. "Evaluation of composted sewage sludge/straw for the reclamation of derelict land." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8676.

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12

Lemos, Luis Joaquim Leal. "The effect of rate on residual strength of soil." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7643.

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13

Menkiti, Ogugua Christopher. "Behaviour of clay and clayey-sand, with particular reference to principal stress rotation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8035.

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14

Kelly, Joseph Patrick. "Influence of geology and anthropogenic activity on the geochemistry of urban cells." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8806.

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15

Sherratt, David Joseph. "Regional soil moisture modelling." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8230.

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16

Anyi, Janan Toma. "Residual strength of clay at low normal stresses." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1990. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/28319.

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17

Hart, Timothy David. "Diffusion of ions and water through microbial polysaccharides in the rhizosphere." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1997. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842747/.

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It is proposed that microbial polysaccharides behave anion-exclusively, permitting the transport of cations, but excluding the diffusion of anions. This hypothesis has been investigated in the context of polysaccharides produced by microorganisms in the rhizosphere. The anion-exclusive behaviour of exopolysaccharides, extracted from broth cultures of a range of rhizosphere microorganisms together with several commercial polysaccharides (i.e., xanthan, scleroglucan, dextran, guar gum) was investigated by measuring the electrochemical potential which developed as a result of the diffusion of KC1 across a polymer layer. Considering xanthan as a 'model' microbial polysaccharide, polymer concentration, layer thickness and the presence of either O-acetyl or pyruvyl groups were found to positively affect the degree of anion exclusion. The anion-exclusive behaviour of xanthan was verified by direct ion analysis of solutions either side of the polymer layer. It was found that in a range of ionic environments, the diffusion of anions was reduced by ~70% by the presence of a 3% w/w xanthan layer. The influence of xanthan on the diffusion of cations was studied using magnetic resonance imaging. In contrast to the proposed theory of anion exclusion, the rate of cation (Mn2+) diffusion through a 3% w/w xanthan layer was found not to be greater than that through free aqueous solution. The possible occurrence of anion exclusion and consequences thereof in the rhizosphere were assessed by studying the effect of substitution of the water films in soil with a layer of 3% xanthan on the growth of wheat seedlings. The phosphate, but not potassium content of those plants grown in soil with xanthan was ~20% lower than in the control plants. Those plants grown in xanthan-amended soil produced ~30% more biomass by dry weight. The anion-exclusive properties of polysaccharides produced naturally in bulk soil, the rhizosphere and root surface of pea was studied by the measurement of diffusion potentials. All three were found to show a high level of anion exclusion. The influence of O-acetyl groups in xanthan on the rate of water transport and degree of water binding was studied using stray field NMR methods. It was found that removal of O-acetyl groups reduces the rate of water transport and increases the rate of water binding at any given xanthan concentration. It is proposed that microoganisms produce anion-exclusive polysaccharides in the rhizosphere to protect themselves against the potentially lethal effects of water stress.

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18

Cook, Simon Ernest. "Amendment of agricultural peat soils with pulverised fuel ash." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317763.

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19

Harris, Frances. "Nutrient dynamics of the farming system of the Kano close-settled zone Nigeria." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242994.

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20

Stone, Kevin John Lindsay. "Modelling of rupture development in soils." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304434.

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21

Dean, Edward Timothy Richard. "An isotropic transformations soil constitutive model with induced anisotropy in axial deformation events." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293200.

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22

Powrie, W. "The behaviour of diaphragm walls in clay." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372634.

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23

Gui, Meen-Wah. "Centrifuge and numerical modelling of pile and penetrometer in sand." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361612.

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24

Townsend, Geoffrey Stephen. "Rate processes in aluminium mobilization from soils to surface waters." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315123.

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25

Penn, Madeleine Lisa Mary. "Electrokinetic soil remediation : effects of pH, temperature and chemical reactions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266331.

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26

Alcock, Ruth Elizabeth. "The role of soils in the global cycling of PCBs." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240505.

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27

Muhammad, Husni J. "The physical and chemical characterisation of Iraqi and Spanish gypsiferous soils, with detailed studies on the chemistry of phosphorus." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314586.

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28

Nicholson, Fiona Annabel. "Anthropogenic influences on cadmium in agricultural soil-plant systems." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309024.

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29

Henry-Poulter, Siobhan. "An investigation of transport properties in natural soils using electrical resistance tomography." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389933.

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30

Haygarth, Philip Matthew. "The role of the atmosphere in the cycling of selenium through soil-plant systems." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284086.

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31

Thomas, Alan Owen. "A multidisciplinary assessment of the use of microbial technology for the reclamation of former gasworks sites." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297255.

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32

Jol, Hamdan Bin. "Saprolite and soil fertility in the humid tropics (Malaysia)." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309365.

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33

Movahedi, Neiini Seved Ali Reza. "Physical and nutritional amendment of topsoil using compost waste." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300253.

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34

Nsiah-Gyabaah, Kwasi. "Environmental degradation and the threat of drought and desertification in the upper west region of Ghana : a search for sustainable development solutions." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271549.

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35

Tabatabaee, Yazdi Sayyed Mohammad. "The assessment and significance of the structural stability of some calcareous and non-calcareous soils." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299481.

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36

Bowyer-Bower, Tanya A. S. "Land surface response to rainfall in semi-arid systems : determinations from experiments using simulated rainfall in the Lowveld of Swaziland." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317725.

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37

Viloria, Jesus Arnaldo. "The inter-relation between soil survey and soil information systems : optimization of the data gathering procedures." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292653.

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38

Ahmad, A. R. "Coupled diffusion and oxidation reactions in soils." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375219.

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39

Staunton, M. B. S. "The diffusion and reaction of ions in naturally aggregated soils." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375294.

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40

Kirsch, B. H. "Solute movement in soil under conditions of evaporating water." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357424.

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41

Haider, Abdul Rahman A. M. "Phosphate and micronutrient behaviour in some calcareous soils of Yemen." Thesis, Bangor University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254036.

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42

Sainak, Ala Naeem. "Three dimensional finite element analysis of slope stability." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320546.

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43

Merel, Andre Philip. "The monitoring of soil surface change using analytical photogrammetry." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.482087.

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44

Yao, Hengkai. "Spatial modelling of soil water drainage rates : a case study validated on a small catchment." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362052.

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Traditionally, soil scientists have ignored the spatial dimension concentrating upon the physics of soil water movement at points/sites. The development of geographic information systems (GIS) provides an opportunity to develop soil-water models taking into account differences (spatially and temporally) in land cover and soil type. This thesis has attempted to integrate traditional soil water modelling within a GIS for estimating soil water drainage rates for a typical water catchment with spatially varied soil type and land cover. The Campbell soil model has been adopted for its simplicity and accuracy for estimating soil water infiltration/distribution. However, Campbell's model fails to take into account sufficiently the role of vegetation ininfiltration/distribution. The Meteorological Office Rainfall and Evaporation Calculation System provides effective ways of deriving potential evapotranspiration under various vegetated surfaces. The integration of these two models has resulted in the development of the Soil Water Drainage Model which is more accurate and capable of incorporating spatial soil and vegetation data. The model was developed and tested for the south-west Reading study area. The model's behaviour under various conditions was examined and its performance evaluated. It has found that a bare soil surface has a significant water drainage difference from a vegetated one and soil type affects soil drainage rate, especially when the soil is bare or abnormal climatic events occur. It has also shown that grassland reduces greatly the quantity of soil water loss as drainage and most drainage occurred in winter months and early spring. The accuracy of the model's prediction for estimating soil water drainage was validated on the small Winterbourne catchment (45km2) near Newbury, based on the catchment water mass equilibrium. The water drainage rates predicted by the model are reliable and consistent with the observed river discharge data. However, the results suggest a number of ways in which the methodology could be improved.

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45

Cousen, S. M. L. "The assessment of soil aggregate stability to raindrop impact for some tropical soils material, with particular reference to iron." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375487.

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Soil aggregate stability to raindrop impact is df fundamental importance to many aspects of the soil system, in particular rainsplash erosion. This stability has been measured by use of single drop rainfall simulators, the characteristics and operation of which have, in the past, shown considerable variation. The drop sizes, impact frequency, drop fall height, chemistry of drop-forming liquid, aggregate pretreatment, and definition of breakdown affect the way in which the the apparatus can be used to define stability. In this thesis an apparatus is developed that is believed to give results with increased consistency and replicability. An index of stability (F) is evolved from data collected using the raindrop simulator which is then used to characterise a set of iron rich, tropical soils from Kenya and Mo~ambique. Information about the iron, textural, chemical and magnetic status of each soil sample is also collected and used to try to predict the stability index through a process of statistical modelling. Models for highly stable and poorly stable soils are developed and finally a definitive model that can be used for all the soils. The last section of this investigation attempts to try and explain the results in terms of the processes that might be operating in the soil. Specific reference is made to the iron content of the soils because of its natural abundance in the samples considered. The possible contributions of total iron, crystalline iron, amorphous iron and organic iron to aggregate stability are discussed.

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46

Cook, H. F. "Assessment of drought resistance in soils." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374255.

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47

Cleall, Peter John. "An investigation of the thermo/hydraulic/mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils, including expansive clays." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389795.

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48

McEvoy, John Michael. "Simulation of the coupled thermal, hydraulic and mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soil using a non-linear elastic constitutive relationship." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389833.

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49

Ramesh, Anuradha Dharmavaram. "Modelling the thermo/hydraulic/mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soil using an elasto-plastic constitutive relationship." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336542.

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50

Edgerton, Deborah L. "An investigation of the interrelationship between the microbial community and soil structure in soils disturbed by opencast mining." Thesis, University of East London, 1997. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3643/.

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The study aimed to determine the interrelationship between aggregate stability and microbial biomass in restored soils, and to investigate if the development of the two parameters in soils disturbed by opencast mining could be influenced by the application of slow release organic amendments. These objectives were tested using two microbiological methods; determination of adenosine triphosphate and dehydrogenase activity, and three structural measurements; determination of aggregate stability by wet-sieving, shear vane and bulk density. Soil carbon and nitrogen were also determined. The first part of the study involved a survey of 16 field areas located in Britain, 12 disturbed and four not disturbed by opencast coal mining. The areas were all grasslands which varied in the time since restoration, which was between 0-16 years. A log linear relationship between the soil biomass and stable aggregates > 2 mm was found for all field areas (y = 38 In x - 69, r = 0.51). The variation in both properties was also affected by the restoration practices at the individual sites. A cluster analysis of the measured soil properties separated the restored areas into "good" restorations, involving progressive restoration, topsoil replacement and early underdrainage, and "poor" restorations, restored without topsoil or with soil forming material. The second part of the study reported on the first 16 months of a field trial set up on a recently restored opencast coal site situated near Denby in Derbyshire in 1991. A 3 x 4 factorial design involved two organic amendments (straw and wood), and four vegetation covers. The treatment effects were obscured by natural fluctuations in the soil properties over the period studied. However, the presence of the organic amendments alleviated some of the physical problems of the soil, such as waterlogging and frost damage, which drastically affected the results in 1992. The soil properties generally improved in the order straw>wood>no amendment for the majority of soil parameters (structure, C and N), the notable exception being the soil microbiological parameters which varied substantially throughout the experiment. Differences between the vegetation covers (a MAFF, a ruderal and a species rich seed mixture) were small.

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