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1
Hopkins, Nick. "Peer group processes and adolescent health-related behaviour: More than ‘peer group pressure’?" Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology 4, no. 5 (December 1994): 329–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/casp.2450040503.
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Cullingford, Cedric, and Jenny Morrison. "Peer Group Pressure Within and Outside School." British Educational Research Journal 23, no. 1 (February 1997): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0141192970230106.
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Mukminah, Mukminah. "HUBUNGAN MONITORING PARENTAL DAN KEBIASAAN PEER GROUP DENGAN PERILAKU MEROKOK REMAJA SLTP DI KOTA MATARAM." JURNAL BIOSAINS 3, no. 3 (December 21, 2017): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jbio.v3i3.8150.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between peer and parental control factors and smoking behaviour of adolecents among junior high school students in Mataram. Observational study was used to collect data from 108 students aged 12 to 17 on their own smoking status and parental controls. The result showed secondary students who smoke are subjected to peer group pressures and they have fewer parental controls with regard to smoking. More pressures on smoking within the peer groups were associated with a greater likelihood of smoking behaviour (p>0.05; p=0.642). However, parental controls on smoking have also been found to have influence to decreasing the likelihood of smoking behaviour among 7th and 8th students (p>0.05; p=0.440). In general, peers has stronger effects on initiation of adolecents smoking behavior than parental control influences. This findings suggest that more extensive controls on smoking at home may reduce adolecents smoking behaviour. Thus, smoking prevention for adolecents might be focused on social context such as, resisting to peer pressure and enhacing parental communication. Keywords: adolescent; smoking behavior; parental control; peer
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Kudek Mirošević, Jasna, Mirjana Radetić-Paić, and Ivan Prskalo. "STUDENTS’ MENTAL HEALTH RISKS REGARDING SUSCEPTIBILITY TO PEER PRESSURE." Acta kinesiologica, N1 2021 (2021): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.1.7.
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Given that adolescents and young people spend most of their time in the educational system, advancements in neurodevelopmental research emphasize the important and complex role of peers’ influence on adolescents’ behaviour, suggesting that supportive programmes led by peers have a strong potential benefit (King, & Fazel, 2019). In many cases peers are the most important source of social support, and are therefore an important target group to investigate the factors of risk, signs of poor mental health and ways to assess their health behaviour and awareness of the care which should be taken regarding their mental health, as well as the resources and prevention models. The wish is to study whether there are differences regarding the mental behaviour in certain characteristics of susceptibility to peer pressure as a risk for the mental health of students of the Faculty of Educational Sciences of the Juraj Dobrila University of Pula and students of the Faculty of Teacher Education of the University of Zagreb, Division of Petrinja (N=440). The set hypothesis states that there is a statistically significant difference among students of the faculty in Pula and those in Petrinja in their assessment of certain features of peer pressure susceptibility as a possible risk for mental health. The results obtained at the x2-test showed a statistically significant difference between certain peer pressure features among students regarding their study environment linked to hanging out with peers who consume drugs and being tempted to try them, getting involved in risky behaviours if their peers ask them to, and betting or gambling because their friends also do that. The results indicate that in smaller communities social control and conformity in the students’ behaviour is more present due to their wish to fit in a peer group as well as possible, suggesting the need for strengthening the positive health behaviour of young people during their whole education in order to secure a healthy and productive adult population.
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Reyniers, Diane, and Richa Bhalla. "Reluctant altruism and peer pressure in charitable giving." Judgment and Decision Making 8, no. 1 (January 2013): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500004447.
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AbstractSubjects donate individually (control group) or in pairs (treatment group). Those in pairs reveal their donation decision to each other. Average donations in the treatment group are significantly higher than in the control group. Paired subjects have the opportunity to revise their donation decision after discussion. Pair members shift toward each others’ initial decisions. Subjects are happier with their decision when their donations are larger, but those in pairs are less happy, controlling for amount donated. These findings suggest reluctant altruism due to peer pressure in charitable giving.
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Kelly, Brian C., Mike Vuolo, and Alexandra C. Marin. "Multiple Dimensions of Peer Effects and Deviance: The Case of Prescription Drug Misuse among Young Adults." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 3 (January 1, 2017): 237802311770681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023117706819.
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Sociological research has demonstrated that peers play a role in patterns of deviance. Yet, examinations of competing mechanisms in continued patterns of deviance are less well developed. We simultaneously examine multiple peer mechanisms of action on prescription drug misuse. Results identify drug sources, peer group norms, and a desire to enhance social experiences as important factors in the frequency of misuse, non-oral administration, and dependence, whereas peer pressure had no effect net of other peer factors. The results emphasize the importance of considering multiple peer mechanisms in shaping deviance, and as such, future scholarly examinations should focus on multiple dimensions of peer effects to fully understand patterns of continuing deviance.
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Blöte, Anke W., Anne C. Miers, and P. Michiel Westenberg. "Adolescent Social Anxiety and Substance Use: The Role of Susceptibility to Peer Pressure." Child Development Research 2016 (September 15, 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9468972.
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The aim of this study was to further our understanding of the link between social anxiety and substance use in adolescents, in particular the role susceptibility to peer pressure plays in this link. The relation between social anxiety and susceptibility to peer pressure was studied in two community samples (n=534 and n=117) each consisting of two age groups (12-13 and 15–17 years). The relation of these two variables with substance use was evaluated in the second sample using regression analysis. Social anxiety was related to susceptibility to peer pressure in both groups and not related to substance use in the younger group and negatively related to substance use in the older group. Susceptibility to peer pressure acted as a suppressor in the relation between social anxiety and substance use. Results suggest that socially anxious adolescents basically avoid substance use but, if susceptible, may yield to peer pressure and start using substances. Parents, teachers, and therapists should be aware of this susceptibility to possibly negative peer pressure of socially anxious adolescents.
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May, Carl. "Resistance to peer group pressure: an inadequate basis for alcohol education." Health Education Research 8, no. 2 (1993): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/8.2.159.
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Borse, Kalpana, and karesh Prasad. "Assessment of Parental Pressure and Peer Factors Affecting the Performance of Undergraduate Nursing Students Studying in Selected Nursing Colleges of Maharashtra." Nursing Journal of India CX, no. 01 (2019): 03–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.48029/nji.2019.cx101.
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Parents put pressure on children for better performance due to their concern for the welfare of their children and for getting employment. Peer pressure is the influence exerted by a peer group in encouraging a person to change his or her attitudes, values and behaviour in order to conform to the group norms. The aim of the study was to evaluate the parent pressure and peer-related factors affecting the performance of undergraduate nursing students of selected nursing colleges of Maharashtra. In this study conducted in 2017, descriptive and inferential analysis was used; 50 undergraduate nursing students were selected by stratified random sampling. The findings show that the majority 16 (32%) of nursing students percentage in first year BSc nursing was less than 50 and majority 29 (58%) nursing students percentages in 12th standard was between 40% - 60%. Significant difference was observed between parental pressure-related factors and peer factors. The parental pressure factors had a higher impact (median score=3.65) than peer factors impact (median score=3.30) on nursing students’ performance. There was significant difference between parental pressure factors and gender (p=0.044). The girls experienced more parental pressure (mean rank=30.78) than boys (mean rank=22.53).
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Denscombe, Martyn. "Peer Group Pressure, Young People and Smoking: new developments and policy implications." Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy 8, no. 1 (January 2001): 7–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09687630124121.
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Woelandari, Agreecia Seddy. "Pengaruh peer pressure terhadap motivasi berhenti merokok pada remaja." Cognicia 8, no. 1 (September 21, 2020): 142–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/cognicia.v8i1.10293.
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ABSTRACTPeer pressure is pressure on individuals in adjusting and following the rules of the peer group. Motivation to stop smoking is a necessity from within individual to stop smoking behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of peer pressure on motivation to stop smoking in adolescents. The research method used is a quantitative method with research subjects adolescents in Malang with 150 adolescents. Data collection techniques using accidental sampling and the data is processed using SPSS version 21. Data analysis techniques using simple linear regression analysis. The results showed that there was peer pressure on the motivation to stop smoking in adolescents with a significance value of 0.010 <0.05 indicating that peer pressure had a significant effect on quitting smoking motivation. After that, it can be seen r square of 0.044 which means that the peer pressure variable contributes 4.4% to the motivation to stop smoking.
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Radetić-Paić, Mirjana. "PEER PRESSURE AND THE USE OF DRUGS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 3 (June 22, 2020): 1220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.83124.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the correlation between certain peer pressure characteristics and drug consumption in adolescents. Peer relationships have a key role in the adolescent period. In a negative context, peer pressure can be done in various ways that benefit from the characteristics of growing adolescents, who are often insecure and need a sense of acceptance and belonging.
Methodology: This study adopted a survey method and data was collected from 234 students from the Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Croatia, on peer pressure questionnaires. For analysing the data SPSS was used.
Main Findings: The findings of this study verify the existence of a statistically significant correlation between certain peer pressure characteristics and drug consumption aiming at experiencing the feeling which the rest of the peer group already has.
Implications/ Applications: The value of the results, besides obtaining valuable new indicators based on scientific research methods, is that they offer guidelines for prevention and intervention in cases of various peer problems and problems with the abuse of addictive substances.
The novelty of the Study: Drug consumption has become one of the prevailing problems in adults in the current era. This study is enhancing the literature by investigating the role that peer pressure plays in drug consumption.
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Song, Minjune. "Adolescent Drug Use in Connecticut Private High Schools: Zero Tolerance, Contextual Peer Influence, and Deterrence Effectiveness." Journal of Education and Learning 9, no. 5 (September 27, 2020): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jel.v9n5p256.
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After the 1994 Gun-Free School Act, schools expanded the use of zero-tolerance policies with all Connecticut private high schools implementing punitive drug and alcohol policies. Based on the criminological theory of deterrence, zero-tolerance policies deliver severe and certain punishments designed to deter rational actors from engaging in problem behaviors. Existing research suggests that adolescents perceive rewards more strongly around peers and lack impulse control, raising the possibility that peer pressure may override rational deterrence in an adolescents’ decision-making process. An “immune group” of adolescents predisposed to ignore punitive deterrents may play a sizable role in inducing peer drug use. If peer influence supersedes deterrence in a significant number of cases, adolescents who are affected both by deterrents and peer pressure may be at a higher risk of following the example of the “immune group.” This study raises the question of whether Connecticut private high school students’ drug use is correlated with perceptions of punishment mandated by school policy and contextual peer influences. A questionnaire that measured students’ drug use on a scale of 1 to 4, perceived severity and likelihood of punishment from 0 to 10, and interaction with drug using peers from 0 to 10, was completed by 50 respondents. The study found no correlations between student drug use and perception of punishment likelihood and severity but found contextual peer influences to be positively associated with expected student drug use in the future. While the results of this study are limited to Connecticut private high school students, the observed tendency in students to disregard risks and pursue peer-involved drug use may be generalized in adolescents. Even in places where school discipline is not a wide issue, the impact of contextual factors like peer influence must be reconceptualized in thinking about school drug policies.
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Jongen, Hortense. "Peer review and compliance with international anti-corruption norms: Insights from the OECD Working Group on Bribery." Review of International Studies 47, no. 3 (March 16, 2021): 331–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210521000097.
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AbstractHow can we make sure that states do not only sign international anti-corruption conventions, but also comply with them once the ink has dried? Peer review among states offers one answer to this question. This article develops a theoretical framework to study the different processes and mechanisms through which peer reviews can contribute to state compliance. It focuses on three processes: transparency, pressure, and learning. The article subsequently applies this framework to the OECD Working Group on Bribery (WGB) in order to identify how far participants in this peer review perceive the WGB as capable of organising these processes, and to what extent they consider these processes relevant for promoting state compliance. Data come from an online survey (74 observations) and 17 in-depth interviews. The findings reveal that this peer review exercise is perceived as effective in creating transparency about state behaviour, mobilising pressure, and stimulating learning. However, the extent to which these processes can promote compliance is more limited. For these processes to work, political will is crucial.
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MUKHERJEE, SASWATEE. "SEQUENTIAL GROUP LENDING WITH AND WITHOUT GROUP LIABILITY; GRAMEEN I VERSUS GRAMEEN II." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 25, no. 03 (September 2020): 2050017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s108494672050017x.
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The paper shows that in absence of any physical collateral, sequential group lending with joint-liability fails to guarantee loan repayment by borrowers because of the coordination problem among the borrowers. The model finds that under certain conditions, profits can be higher under joint-liability group lending if one can ensure peer pressure is adequate to guarantee there is no strategic default, i.e., repayment when the borrower has earned enough to be able to repay. From the lender’s point of view, the individual lending contract may turn out to be a better option than joint-liability group lending under certain circumstances.
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Adeyinka, Olalekan Lawrence, Joshua Emmanuel Temiloluwa, and Aham Anastasia Chioma. "Individual Parental Involvement versus Peer Relationships Influences on Student Academic Achievement in Biology." Research and Analysis Journal 5, no. 9 (September 6, 2022): 06–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/raj.v5i9.336.
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This paper attempts to review the impacts of single parenting, it’s factors versus peer groups and its factors on students’ academic performance in Biology, the paper research objectives such as investigating the differences in academic achievement between kids raised by co-parents and those by single parents, investigating the academic performance gaps between single-parent students who are male and female, determining how much a student's peer group affects their academic achievement, determining if children of single parents are more susceptible to peer pressure than children of co-parents. The paper reviewed several previous works from scholars on different concepts revolving around the research study including; Single Parenting, Peer Group, Concept of Academic achievements, Concept of Parenting and Academic achievements and Concept of Peer group and Academic achievement.
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Bleize, Daniëlle N. M., Doeschka J. Anschütz, Martin Tanis, and Moniek Buijzen. "Testing a first online intervention to reduce conformity to cyber aggression in messaging apps." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 9, 2022): e0272615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272615.
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Early adolescents frequently use mobile messaging apps to communicate with peers. The popularity of such messaging apps has a critical drawback because it increases conformity to cyber aggression. Cyber aggression includes aggressive peer behaviors such as nasty comments, nonconsensual image sharing, and social exclusion, to which adolescents subsequently conform. Recent empirical research points to peer group norms and reduced accountability as two essential determinants of conformity to cyber aggression. Therefore, the current study aimed to counteract these two determinants in a 2 (peer group norms counteracted: yes, no) x 2 (reduced accountability counteracted: yes, no) design. We created four intervention conditions that addressed adolescents’ deficits in information, motivation, and behavioral skills. Depending on the condition (peer group norms, reduced accountability, combination, or control), we first informed participants about the influence of the relevant determinant (e.g., peer group norms). Subsequently, participants performed a self-persuasion task and formulated implementation-intentions to increase their motivation and behavioral skills not to conform to cyber aggression. Effectiveness was tested with a messaging app paradigm and self-report among a sample of 377 adolescents (Mage = 12.99, SDage = 0.84; 53.6% boys). Factorial ANCOVAs revealed that none of the intervention conditions reduced conformity to cyber aggression. Moreover, individual differences in susceptibility to peer pressure or inhibitory control among adolescents did not moderate the expected relations. Therefore, there is no evidence that our intervention effectively reduces conformity to cyber aggression. The findings from this first intervention effort point to the complex relationship between theory and practice. Our findings warrant future research to develop potential intervention tools that could effectively reduce conformity to cyber aggression.
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Singh, Shaili, and Mahua Guha. "Peer Effect on Corporate Social Responsibility." International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences 10, no. 3 (July 2019): 114–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsds.2019070107.
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This study explores a firm's response to institutional pressure from industry peers on their Social community spending. Social community spending is symbolic of the fulfillment of a firm's corporate social responsibility (CSR). The authors hypothesize that mimetic isomorphism occurs among firms in an industry and organizational characteristics, i.e., business group affiliation, ownership status (state-owned versus private), and firm size strengthen or weaken the influence of industry peers. The authors test the propositions on a pooled time-series cross-sectional data of firms in India, with 3,307 observations from 2009-2017 using Generalized Least Squares (GLS) random-effects model. The findings suggest industry peers have a positive influence on a firm's SCS, and this effect is stronger for state-owned enterprises and large firms and weaker for a business group affiliated firms which further aggravates with group size. This article establishes the positive role of the industry association in driving its member firm's SCS and offers an understanding of the contingencies in the above relationship.
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Vollmer, Anna-Lisa, Robin Read, Dries Trippas, and Tony Belpaeme. "Children conform, adults resist: A robot group induced peer pressure on normative social conformity." Science Robotics 3, no. 21 (August 15, 2018): eaat7111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aat7111.
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Racionero-Plaza, Sandra, Elena Duque, Maria Padrós, and Silvia Molina Roldán. "“Your Friends Do Matter”: Peer Group Talk in Adolescence and Gender Violence Victimization." Children 8, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8020065.
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Research on gender violence has identified as one main component leading to gender violence a dominant socialization process which associates attractiveness to men who show violent behaviors and attitudes, while egalitarian and non-violent men are emptied of attractiveness. This is known as coercive dominant discourse. Starting from the evidence that the peer group is a main context of socialization in adolescence, quantitative data were collected from six classes of secondary education (14–15-year-old adolescents) to explore whether the coercive dominant discourse is displayed in social interactions in the peer group and, if so, how it influences attractiveness patterns and sexual-affective behavior in adolescence. The analyses reveal that the coercive dominant discourse is often reproduced in the peer group interactions, creating group pressure, and pushing some girls to violent relationships. Alternative ways of interaction are also reported, which allow a socialization leading to more freedom, less coercion, and more healthy relationships.
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Merle, Raymond, Christophe Pison, Sophie Logerot, Chrystèle Deschaux, Nathalie Arnol, Matthieu Roustit, Renaud Tamisier, Jean Louis Pépin, and Jean Christian Borel. "Peer-driven intervention to help patients resume CPAP therapy following discontinuation: a multicentre, randomised clinical trial with patient involvement." BMJ Open 11, no. 10 (October 2021): e053996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053996.
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IntroductionObstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is one of the most common chronic diseases. It may be associated with symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness and neurocognitive and cardiovascular complications. First line therapy for OSAS involves home continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), however, nearly half of patients do not adhere with this treatment over the long term. Cognitive-behavioural interventions that include health professionals and patient and public involvement are increasingly advocated in the fields of education and research. We hypothesise that a peer-driven intervention could help patients with OSAS to resume CPAP use after discontinuation.Methods and analysisWe have designed a prospective, multicentre randomised, controlled trial that will be coconducted by health professionals, a home provider of CPAP and patients as experts or peers or participants. The primary aim is to evaluate the impact of a 6-month, peer-driven intervention to promote the resumption of CPAP after discontinuation. We anticipate that 20% of patients in the intervention group will reuse CPAP as compared with 6% in control group, thus, 104 patients must be included in each group. The secondary aims are (1) to evaluate the impact of the peer-driven intervention on adherence to CPAP compared with the control group (mean adherence and percentage of nights with at least 4 hours’ use/night for 70% of nights); (2) to determine factors associated with resumption of CPAP; (3) to assess patient satisfaction with the peer-driven intervention at 6 months; (4) to evaluate the feasibility and the execution of the peer-driven intervention and peer satisfaction. Adult outpatients with an established diagnosis of severe OSA (Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index >30 events/hour) that have stopped using CPAP within 4–12 months after initiation will be recruited. The peers who will perform the intervention will be patients with OSAS treated with CPAP with good adherence (at least 4 hours/night, 70% of nights) and trained in motivational enhancement and cognitive-behavioural therapies. Trained peers will conduct three interviews within 6 months with participants.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the French Regional Ethics Committee CPP Ouest II-Angers, (IRB 21.02.25.68606 (2021/2025)). All participants will sign written informed consent. The results will be presented at conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals as well as public media.Trial registration numberNCT04538274
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Vanden Abeele, Mariek, Scott W. Campbell, Steven Eggermont, and Keith Roe. "Sexting, Mobile Porn Use, and Peer Group Dynamics: Boys' and Girls' Self-Perceived Popularity, Need for Popularity, and Perceived Peer Pressure." Media Psychology 17, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 6–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2013.801725.
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Toraman, Cetin, and Burak Aycicek. "An Investigation of the Relationships Between Attachment Levels to School and the Variables of the Perception of School Life Quality and Peer Pressure Among High School Students." Journal of Education and Training Studies 7, no. 1 (December 11, 2018): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v7i1.3720.
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The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between attachment levels to school and the variables of the perception of school life quality and peer pressure among high school students and whether school life quality and peer pressure predict students’ attachment levels to school significantly. The relational screening model was used in the research. The sample group for the research comprised a total sum of 1533 high school students from 12 different high schools in six counties in Hatay province in Turkey. Sample of the study was selected using purposive and easily accessible sampling. “School Attachment Scale Among Children and Adolescents (High School Form) (SASACA)”, “The Quality of Life in High Schools Scale (QLHSS)” and “Peer Pressure Scale (PPS)” were used as tools of data collection. A Pearson Correlation analysis was performed to determine whether there was a significant relationship between the scores of the scales used in the study. Considering the findings of the study it was found out that there was a significant and positive relationship between the levels of students' attachment to school and school life quality. In addition, a high level, negative and significant relationship was found between the level of students' attachment to school and peer pressure. Peer pressure and school life quality are significant explanations of the level of attachment to school.
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Busch, Christine, Tobias Koch, Julia Clasen, Eva Winkler, and Julia Vowinkel. "Evaluation of an organizational health intervention for low-skilled workers and immigrants." Human Relations 70, no. 8 (January 25, 2017): 994–1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726716682308.
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We conducted this realist evaluation study of an organizational health intervention involving 421 low-skilled workers (50% female), half of whom were immigrants, in three companies over six months. Non-profit agencies implemented peer-mentoring and taught peer-mentors and line managers how to enhance social support in order to improve workers’ work situation in a participative way. We formulated five mechanisms of change: the company management encouragement mechanism, the role model mechanism, the peer-mentor support mechanism, the line manager support mechanism, and the participative work improvement mechanism. We combined realist evaluation with a quasi-experimental design and process evaluation in a multi-methods approach. Results of multiple group latent change models and qualitative research showed that intervention-group workers perceived increases in peer-mentor support but not in line manager support. Peer-mentors managed to initiate high-quality improvements at work. Intervention-group workers showed significant reductions in blood pressure. Control-group workers experienced more psychosomatic complaints over time in significant contrast to intervention-group workers. Our results suggest that peer-mentoring offers an effective way for low-skilled workers and immigrants to achieve better health. To improve such health effects, a greater focus on line managers’ work situations is needed to help them provide support.
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Hu, Kewei, Yugui Hao, and Dan Yu. "Intra-industry peer effect in corporate environmental information disclosure: Evidence from China." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 22, 2022): e0274787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274787.
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Corporate environmental information disclosure is an important way for stakeholders to understand the performance of corporate environmental responsibilities. To explore the group relevance of corporate environmental information disclosure, this paper empirically tests the intra-industry peer effect of corporate environmental information disclosure using a panel fixed-effects model based on data of Chinese heavily polluted listed companies from 2015 to 2019 and studies its formation mechanism and impact path. The results show that there is an intra-industry peer effect in corporate environmental information disclosure; this effect exists in corporations of different ownership; social learning mechanism and environmental pressure mechanism are the channels to form the intra-industry peer effect of corporate environmental information disclosure; there are both intra-group imitation and inter-group imitation in the intra-industry peer effect of corporate environmental information disclosure. Based on the research results, the government can select corporations in various industries with excellent quality of environmental information disclosure as benchmarks to provide learning templates for corporations with inferior information. At the same time, the government can impose appropriate environmental protection pressure to promote learning and imitation among corporations. It is important to note that when selecting benchmarking companies, priority should be given to large and high-performing corporations.
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Morsali, Seyedeh Fatemeh, Gholamreza Movasseghi, Mehrdad Mesbah Kiaee, Masood Ghorbanloo, Mahmood Reza Mohaghegh, Ali Morsali, and Mona Morsali. "Clonidine versus Tramadol for postanesthetic shivering: a randomized clinical trial study." Biomedical Research and Therapy 4, no. 10 (October 29, 2017): 1716. http://dx.doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v4i10.377.
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Introduction: To compare the effects of oral clonidine and tramadol on shivering caused by spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing transurethral lithotripsy (TUL).
Methods: The present study is a triple-blind clinical trial conducted on 80 elective urologic surgical candidates during 2016-2017 at Tehran Hasheminejad Hospital in Iran. Using the Balanced Block Randomization method, the patients were randomly assigned into two groups (40 patients per group) 90 minutes before performing spinal anesthesia. The first group (group C) received 150 µg of oral clonidine and the second group (group T) received 50 mg of oral tramadol. Body temperature, core body temperature, heart rate, diastolic blood pressure and shivering were recorded for the patients at different time periods, and entered in the SPSS22 software program. The above variables were then statistically analyzed using independent sample T-tests chi-squared tests and Repeated Measure ANOVA.
Results: The results of this study indicated that there was a significant statistical difference (P<0.05) between the clonidine and tramadol treatment groups with regards to some variables, such as average body temperature and average core temperature, at different time periods. However, for other variables, such as heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and shivering, there were no significant statistical differences between the two treatment groups (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Clonidine and tramadol treatment groups were only significantly different in terms of body temperature and core temperature. Therefore, it is recommended that other precise randomized clinical trials be performed to ensure the accuracy of the results of this study.
Peer Review Details
Peer review method: Single-Blind (Peer-reviewers: 02) Peer-review policy
Plagiarism software screening?: Yes
Date of Original Submission: 04 September 2017
Date accepted: 30 September 2017
Peer reviewers approved by: Dr. Lili Hami
Editor who approved publication: Dr. Phuc Van Pham
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Fikriana, Riza, and Al Afik. "The Influence of Peer Health Education Toward the Decreasing Risk of Heart Disease." Jurnal Ners 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jn.v13i1.5765.
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Introduction: Heart disease is the number one cause of death in Indonesia. Promotional efforts through the provision of health education and counselling through Peer Health Education is one of the primary prevention strategies that can be undertaken to prevent the occurrence of heart disease. The purpose of this study is to prove the influence of Peer Health Education in reducing the risk of heart disease.Methods: The research method used in this study was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test non-equivalent control group design. The samples were taken from 56 people using the purposive sampling technique. The first group of 28 people was the experimental group and the second group of 28 people was the control group. Before and after treatment, both groups were measured concerning their knowledge, lifestyle behaviour, blood pressure, blood glucose levels, blood cholesterol levels and risk assessment of heart disease. Data analysis was done by using the Friedman Test with a 95% significance level.Results: The results showed that Peer Health Education was able to improve the respondents' knowledge about having a healthy lifestyle, changing the behaviour of the respondents, i.e. behaviour of consuming sweet foods, controlling blood pressure and decreasing the risk of heart disease.Conclusion: Based on the result, health promotion efforts through a Peer Health Educator can continue to be done as one method to improve heart health in the community. Thus, the expectation of morbidity and mortality due to heart disease can be lowered.
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Menon, Meenakshi, and Katie Hannah-Fisher. "Felt gender typicality and psychosocial adjustment in Indian early adolescents." International Journal of Behavioral Development 43, no. 4 (April 2, 2019): 334–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025418820669.
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The association between felt gender typicality (self-perceived similarity to the same-gender peer group) and psychosocial adjustment (self-esteem, peer social competence, depression, victimization, and aggression) was examined in a sample of early adolescents in New Delhi, India ( N = 296, 130 girls, mean age = 12.73 years). We also explored whether adolescents’ gender-differentiating cognitions (felt pressure for gender conformity, work sexism, and entity beliefs) affect their adjustment, alone and in interaction with felt typicality. Results indicated that felt typicality was associated with higher self-esteem in girls and in older adolescents, with lower depression in older adolescents, and with higher peer social competence. Gender-differentiating beliefs were especially detrimental to girls’ and younger adolescents’ psychosocial adjustment, with mixed results for boys’ adjustment. Gender beliefs also moderated the influence of felt typicality on adjustment. Felt atypicality was associated with greater depression and aggression when adolescents also reported strongly sexist beliefs; and with greater victimization for older adolescents who had high felt pressure or work sexism. Further, boys with strong entity beliefs failed to derive peer social competence from felt typicality. Results indicate that gender self-discrepancy—a disconnect between how one sees oneself in relation to the same-gender peer group and how one feels one’s gender should be—is problematic.
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김겸미 and Park sunghyeok. "The Influence of the Classroom Group-Cohesiveness on the Peer Pressure at the Teen Court." Journal of Law-Related Education 10, no. 1 (April 2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29175/klrea.10.1.201504.1.
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Nkwocha, Obinna Udodiri, Javed Hussain, Hatem El-Gohary, David J. Edwards, and Ernest Ovia. "Dynamics of Group Lending Mechanism and the Role of Group Leaders in Developing Countries." International Journal of Customer Relationship Marketing and Management 10, no. 3 (July 2019): 54–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcrmm.2019070104.
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Group lending mechanisms have increasingly become popular among microfinance providers in recent years. This is largely due to its ability to leverage joint liability to increase loan repayments whilst promoting an entrepreneurial spirit among borrowers. Meanwhile, a group-lending mechanism is also very important in promoting women's empowerment through cooperative engagements of all group members. However, the effectiveness of the group lending methodology in the delivery of microfinance within a developing country context is largely under-researched. Using data from extensive focus groups interviews of women borrowers held in Nigeria among participants from 150 different groups, this article analyses the dynamics of group lending mechanism (group formation, peer monitoring, pressure and support). The article widens the current narrow literature on group leaders by providing a detailed empirical account of the activities of group leaders in a microfinance intervention. The findings showed that because group leaders are primarily held liable for loan delinquency of group members, they are more highly motivated than other members to monitor and pressure members. The results also suggest that while group leaders were found to perform vital roles, some of these group leaders abused their positions in ways that undermine group cohesion and microfinance sustainability. Lastly, the article introduces the “multiple card phenomenon” in group-based microfinance intervention.
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Jan Alam, Syed Muhammad Aamir, and Dr. Saqib Shahzad. "Continuous Professional Development of Secondary School Teachers through Peer Observation: Implications for Policy & Practice." Research Journal of Social Sciences and Economics Review (RJSSER) 1, no. 1 (April 17, 2020): 56–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/rjsser-vol1-iss1-2020(56-75).
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This qualitative action research study aimed to examine teachers’ perceptions about peer observation as an instrument for their Continuous Professional Development (CPD). For this purpose, the experiences of 12 purposefully selected secondary school teachers were captured through peer observation tool followed by focus group interviews to answers two research questions i.e. do teachers perceive peer observation as an effective instrument for their continuous professional development; and what are the merits and demerits in seeking sound professional development through peer observations? The conclusion reveals that peer observation was viewed by teachers as a valuable tool for their professional growth. Teachers reported that peer observation allowed them less anxiety, hesitation and pressure during teaching making the process more reliable and authentic. However, participants also reported time factor and less experience in observation on the part of teachers as obstacles to peer observation. The study includes some suggested recommendations for a more improved peer observation program.
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Obiunu, Jude J., and Ozuri Rachael. "Home Background, Peer Group Pressure and Truancy among Secondary School Adolescent Students in Edo State, Nigeria." International Journal of Emerging Trends in Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (2018): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20448/2001.31.46.51.
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Hall, Kimberly R., Jeri Lynn Rushing, and Ayesha Khurshid. "Using the Solving Problems Together Psychoeducational Group Counseling Model as an Intervention for Negative Peer Pressure." Journal for Specialists in Group Work 36, no. 2 (April 15, 2011): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01933922.2011.562344.
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Vlachopoulou, Elli, and Christina Boutsouki. "Facebook usage among teenagers - the effect of personality and peer group pressure; an exploratory study in Greece." International Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising 8, no. 4 (2014): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijima.2014.067661.
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Sessanna, Loralee. "Incorporating Florence Nightingale’s theory of nursing into teaching a group of preadolescent children about negative peer pressure." Journal of Pediatric Nursing 19, no. 3 (June 2004): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2004.02.002.
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Patel, S. I., D. Combs, N. Provencio-Dean, S. Mashaqi, S. Bhattacharjee, S. F. Quan, C. J. Morton, C. Wendel, and S. Parthasarathy. "0717 Peer-intervention Can Reduce Health Disparities In Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.713.
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Abstract Introduction In patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is a major problem. Moreover, up to 20% of patients with suspected OSA who are referred to sleep study testing do not adhere to such diagnostic work-up. Although, peer-driven intervention with an interactive voice response system (PDI-IVR) can improve CPAP adherence, whether such an intervention can improve adherence to sleep study testing is unknown. Also, there remain health disparities with greater levels of CPAP nonadherence disproportionately affecting individuals of lower socioeconomic status. We aimed to determine whether PDI-IVR can improve adherence to sleep study testing and CPAP adherence in a lower income population. Methods We performed a prospective, randomized, parallel group, controlled trial wherein patients with suspected OSA were randomly assigned to receive PDI-IVR or provided with educational information regarding OSA and CPAP therapy (attention-control group) while both groups received usual care. The PDI-IVR interactions aimed at promoting adherence to sleep study testing and in patients diagnosed with OSA the peer-intervention was focused on improving CPAP adherence. In the PDI-IVR group, trained peers (peer-buddies) with OSA were paired with randomized patients over a 6-month period combined with an ability to meet in-person, email, text message, or phone an inter-disciplinary team of providers. Results In this pilot study, there were 63 patients (48.4 ± 12.5 years; 30 men) who were randomized to intervention (n=31) and attention-control (n=32) arms. There were 36 peer-buddies who mentored the patients in the intervention group. Intention to treat analysis revealed that failure to undergo sleep study testing was 15.6% of patients in the attention-control arm and 9.7% in the PDI-IVR arm (P=0.7). Per protocol analysis revealed that failure to undergo sleep study testing was 18.4% of patients in the attention-control arm and 4% in the PDI-IVR arm (P=0.13). At 6 months, CPAP adherence was greater in PDI-IVR arm (290 ± 45 min [SE]) than attention-control arm (181 ± 43 min; P=0.01). Conclusion In a lower income population, PDI-IVR improved CPAP adherence with a tendency for better adherence to sleep-study testing. Peer-intervention can reduce sleep health disparities. Support HL138377
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Pérez-Fuentes, María del Carmen, María del Mar Molero Jurado, José Jesús Gázquez Linares, África Martos Martínez, Isabel Mercader Rubio, and Mahia Saracostti. "Individual Variables Involved in Perceived Pressure for Adolescent Drinking." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 18, 2020): 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062012.
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Adolescence is a stage when individuals are especially vulnerable to the influence of their peer group, which could lead to the development of problematic behavior, such as drinking alcohol, due to perceived pressure. The objective of this study was to analyze the role of self-esteem, impulsivity, anxiety sensitivity and expectations for use under perceived pressure to drink alcohol among young people. Methods: The sample was made up of 1287 high school students aged 14 to 18, with a mean age of 15.11. The Bayes factor and mediation models were estimated to evaluate the data. Results: The results showed the existence of a positive relationship of impulsivity, anxiety sensitivity and expectations for use with perceived pressure. However, this relationship was negative with self-esteem and perception of pressure to drink alcohol. Furthermore, the model results showed that self-esteem mediates the relationship between physical, cognitive and social anxiety sensitivity and positive expectations with perceived pressure to drink alcohol in adolescence. Conclusions: Given the strong need for affiliation during youth, it is hard to control grouping and peer influence on drinking behavior. However, knowledge of the role of individual variables, such as those described here, in perceived pressure could improve the prevention and intervention of such behaviors.
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Martín Martín, José María, Juan F. Prados-Castillo, Mónica de Castro-Pardo, and Juan De Dios Jimenez Aguilera. "Exploring conflicts between stakeholders in tourism industry. Citizen attitude toward peer-to-peer accommodation platforms." International Journal of Conflict Management 32, no. 4 (July 9, 2021): 697–721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-12-2020-0201.
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Purpose The expansion of online platforms for renting tourist accommodations has given rise to a great deal of controversy in society. Likewise, the arrival of tourists in residential settings has led to a wide range of positive and negative impacts, resulting in conflicts between different stakeholders. The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether there is variation in the perception of the impacts associated with peer-to-peer accommodation platforms among different stakeholders? Additionally, it also seeks to investigate what kind of impacts generate the highest level of conflict among stakeholders? Design/methodology/approach Given the relative novelty of the problem, this paper proposes an exploratory study that sheds light on some of the main issues with the purpose of supporting further research in the future. The aim is to analyze which impacts are perceived as more positive or negative by each group and to create indexes of conflict for these groups regarding their perception of the impacts. This study is based on fieldwork carried out in April 2020, which consists of 600 online surveys of local residents in the city of Granada. This city, one of Spain’s main tourist spots, suffers the highest tourist pressure in the country. Findings The exploratory study suggests that the greatest consensus is generated in the assessment of economic impacts, either negative or positive. The greatest conflicts are related to the assessment of the effect of this activity on housing preservation. The group comprising accommodation owners of tourist flats is the one that shows a more dissenting opinion from the rest, confronting especially the group formed by citizens whose income depends on tourism. Originality/value There is a lack of studies on the perception of tourism impacts associated with online tourism rental platforms. This is the first study to analyze both, how the main stakeholders associated with this activity assess the different impacts derived from this form of tourist accommodation as a whole and the conflicts derived from such an assessment. An additional innovation is that the analysis investigates the potential fear of disease transmission caused by tourists. It would be interesting to continue this research by applying the same questionnaire in different environments, such as rural areas or societies with different structures from the one analyzed here. Likewise, future in-depth analysis of some of the conflicts is recommended so as to ascertain their origin.
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Gilmour, Alice, Steve Gill, and Gareth Loudon. "Young adolescents’ experiences and views on eating and food." Young Consumers 21, no. 4 (August 31, 2020): 389–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/yc-06-2020-1161.
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Purpose Poor eating habits established during adolescence are likely to lead to negative long-term health consequences. The childhood obesity epidemic is a growing public health concern, largely attributed to obesogenic environments. This study aims to explore the multiple factors contributing positively or negatively to young consumers’ attitudes towards their food consumption. Design/methodology/approach In total, 42 11- to 13-years-old (24 men and 18 women) from three secondary schools in Wales participated in five focus group discussions. The process of thematic analysis resulted in several identified themes that influenced young consumers’ eating habits. Findings Extrapersonal factors compromised: education, peer pressure, parenting, availability and social media; and intrapersonal factors included: health consciousness, taste preferences, convenience and price consciousness. Contrary to previous research, the adolescent participants perceived their parents as more influential than their peer group, even during decision-making in the school canteen. Practical implications These research findings are beneficial for policy-makers working to develop an age-appropriate multi-factorial approach to promote healthful dietary practices amongst young consumers. For instance, increasing easily accessible food-to-go choices that are not only convenient to purchase and consume but also healthful could improve dietary intake. Originality/value A novel connection between peer pressure and convenience was discovered. Multiple factors contribute to young consumers’ attitudes towards food and their dietary habits.
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Shahruddin, Nor Jumawaton, Mariani Mansor, Zainal Madon, and Hanina Halimatusaadiah Hamsan. "Relationship Between Peer Popularity and Self-Esteem Among Young Pregnant Out of Wedlock." Asian Social Work Journal 2, no. 1 (December 12, 2017): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/aswj.v2i1.10.
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This study examined the relationship between peers popularity and self-esteem within the attitude towards sexual behaviour among young pregnant out of wedlock. A total of 130 teenagers pregnant out of wedlock aged between 14 years and 19 years from 4 welfare institutions in the states of Selangor, Perak, Johor and Kelantan participated in this research. Respondents were selected using stratified random sampling technique. This study utilises the three questionnaires of the Inventory Peer Pressure, Popularity, and Conformity Scale (Santor, Messervey & Kusumakar, 2000), the Rosenberg Self- Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965) and Brief Sexual Attitudes Scale (Hendrick & Reich, 2006). All instruments used had yielded a Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient value ranging from 0.82 to 0.90. Findings revealed that the level of peers popularity is high, level of self esteem also high and respondents indicated a high level of attitude sexual behavior. Results of Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that there were significant relationships between peers popularity and attitudes toward sexual behavior (r= .801, p<.05) and a significant correlation between self esteem and attitude sexual behavior (r = .708, p <.05). Bootstrapping analysis revealed the role of self esteem as a mediator variables of peers popularity and self esteem with sexual attitude behavior. From the theoretical implications, this study describes the role of self esteem as a mechanism that effect the popularity of peer sexual behavior and attitude. In conclusion, peers popularity and self esteem related to sexual attitude and behavior. The study showed that risk factors such as the acceptance by the peer group have a significant direct effect on sexual behavior At the same time, this study also suggests several alternatives in order to curb sexual misconduct among the teenagers today.
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Dumas, Tara M., Wendy E. Ellis, and David A. Wolfe. "Identity development as a buffer of adolescent risk behaviors in the context of peer group pressure and control." Journal of Adolescence 35, no. 4 (August 2012): 917–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.12.012.
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Hlomani-Nyawasha, Thokozani J., Anna Meyer-Weitz, and Catherine O. Egbe. "Factors influencing alcohol use among female in-school adolescents in the Western Cape, South Africa." South African Journal of Psychology 50, no. 4 (August 21, 2020): 574–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081246320946298.
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The increasing levels and more frequent use of alcohol among females, especially those in younger age groups, is a worldwide concern. An in-depth understanding of this phenomenon is, however, limited. This study aimed to explore the factors influencing alcohol use among female adolescent students as guided by the ecological systems theory of Bronfenbrenner. Data were collected from 25 female high school students in Grade 9 in the Western Cape, South Africa, using five individual semi-structured interviews and two focus group discussions with each group comprising 10 students. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The findings of the study indicated that participants begin drinking at an early age and due to low self-esteem, which makes them prone to peer influence. Female adolescents are also influenced by various factors residing within the microsystem (family members and peers), mesosystem (lack of parental attention, weak mother-to-daughter relationship, influence of peers and dating partners), exosystem (media advertisement and lifestyle of celebrities), macrosystem (change in societal roles), and chronosystem (transition to higher education). Interventions are needed in schools to help female adolescents resist peer pressure and cope with the changing environment of high school. Also, parents should be educated on the influence of their drinking behaviour on their children in order for them to be more cautious when drinking at home. Adolescent students will benefit from educational materials on the harmfulness of alcohol use.
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Crome, Ilana, and Roger Bloor. "Older substance misusers still deserve better treatment interventions–an update (Part 3)." Reviews in Clinical Gerontology 16, no. 1 (February 2006): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959259806001948.
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Substance use and misuse are best viewed through the framework of a multifactorial biopsychosocial model, which acknowledges the interplay of genetic, familial, physiological, psychological and social factors. Age, role, gender, social group and peer pressure, the family, community and occupational environment, as well as overall cultural values and controls on substance use, will act upon substance-taking behaviour.
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Roberts, Rosa. "Peer-led medication education in the time of COVID-19." BJPsych Open 7, S1 (June 2021): S153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.429.
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AimsTo set up an online peer-led medical education programme for core psychiatry trainees during the COVID-19 pandemic.To determine trainees’ views regarding the role of peer-led education in psychiatry.MethodA peer-led education programme was set up for psychiatry trainees in their third year of core training, held over an online video-conferencing platform. The weekly sessions were organised and led by trainees. Each week a trainee either presented a journal article or a particular psychiatric topic, with a group discussion afterwards.An online survey was sent to psychiatry trainees that had participated in the programme to determine their views. Close-ended questions were asked as well as open-ended questions for more qualitative responses.ResultThere were 9 peer-led sessions in total, with 11 trainees (out of 18 invited) attending at least one session, and an average of 5 trainees at each session.Five core trainee psychiatrists responded to the survey following the sessions. All of the respondents found the sessions either “very” or “fairly” useful. 80% stated that there should be more peer teaching opportunities as part of normal psychiatry training. All respondents found engaging with online teaching either “easy” or “OK”.Open-ended questions showed that respondents found the sessions were useful for: 1) connecting with peers during a difficult time 2) free discussion due to being around peers 3) wide interest and variety of topics. Improvements that could have been made were: 1) more sessions 2) advance knowledge of journal articles being presented.ConclusionPeer-led sessions are a useful form of medical education for core psychiatry trainees. During the restrictions brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic they are a way to connect with colleagues during an isolating time. They are easy to organise and access; and can take pressure off medical institutions, whilst having the advantages of allowing trainees to feel they can discuss topics in a more open manner and can follow their own interests.
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Manik, Efron. "MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOPERATIF DI BAWAH TEKANAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL PERKULIAHAN DALAM MATA KULIAH PEMOGRAMAN." Jurnal Suluh Pendidikan 7, no. 1 (September 21, 2019): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36655/jsp.v7i1.119.
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Job vacancies often include conditions for being able to work in teams and being able to work under pressure for prospective workers. So the learning model, for the last year students who work according to market demand in the workforce, needs to be introduced. The purpose of this study is to create a cooperative learning model under pressure. The steps of the Cooperative Learning Model Under Pressure are (1) explaining learning objectives, (2) explaining apperception and ways of assessment at the end of learning, (3) forming heterogeneous groups, (4) group discussions with peer tutors by press, (5) ) evaluation with pressure and appreciation, and (6) summarizing. The average value of students for Programming courses taught with the cooperative learning model under pressure is significantly better than that taught in the cooperative learning model without under pressure.
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Rathore, Bhawani Singh. "Social capital: does it matter in a microfinance contract?" International Journal of Social Economics 42, no. 11 (November 2, 2015): 1035–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-03-2014-0057.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the role of social capital in a microfinance contract. Design/methodology/approach – Systematic review of the theoretical and empirical literature on the role of social capital in microfinance. Findings – The theoretical literature has shown using models of peer selection, peer monitoring and peer pressure that group lending with joint liability overcomes both the informational and enforcement failures present in credit markets for poor. However findings from the empirical literature conclude that social capital should not be taken as a single concept but should be considered in light of its different aspects which may be having different effects on the performance. For example, the trust between the borrowers, cultural and social homogeneity has been found to have more significant affect on repayment performance in contrast to the incentives due to peer pressure. The groups formed by family members and relatives are consistently been reported to have weakening influence on repayment. Practical implications – For a same program the effect of social capital on performance can be different for different geographies and different classification of subjects and thus should be studied before initiating a microfinance program in any social setting. Social implications – The borrowers should be encouraged to form groups with others who are more trustworthy and not with those they are just having an acquaintance with. The borrowers should be encouraged to come to aid of those who are victims of negative externalities. The positive experiences will lead to reciprocity of actions in future. The borrowers should be discouraged to form groups with family members and relatives. Originality/value – It analyzes both theoretical and empirical literature by disentangling different aspects of social capital within groups and their effects on group performance.
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Martirano, Melissa. "Bottom of the Pyramid Marketing." International Journal of Marketing Studies 10, no. 4 (November 24, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v10n4p13.
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Throughout the developing world there have been numerous studies of the impact and ethics of marketing to consumers in the lowest socio-economic demographic, known as the Bottom of the Pyramid. These consumers make less than $2 USD per day in many countries, yet will buy expensive items marketing by the media/the Internet, discussed on social media, and to keep up with peers (peer pressure). When such items are of benefit to the purchaser or their region, the result may be positive (computers for schooling, etc.) Yet spending on luxury items can cause such consumers to go deeply into debt or forego necessities, calling into question the ethics of targeting this group. In the United States, the poverty level is higher than in many countries, and access to media/social media/the Internet is ubiquitous. Americans are also susceptible to peer pressure, according to studies. Bottom of the Pyramid research, however, is lacking on American respondents. This proposal would fill that gap, considering such marketing and consumption from a behavioral and perceptive viewpoint. Hypothetical recommendations drawn from survey questions based on research questions developed through theoretical frameworks and scholarly literature review will suggest practical courses for American industry to sell to this population without ethical question. This work may also spur more in-depth analysis involving clearly defined demographic groups for deeper analysis and understanding. The research follows the qualitative method and is to be analyzed thematically using Likert format numbers.
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I, Inayatullah, Ujang Maman, and Iwan Aminudin. "HUBUNGAN DINAMIKA KELOMPOK DENGAN PRODUKTIVITAS PETERNAK DOMBA DI PAGUYUBAN AL-AWWALIYAH, PASIR WANGI, GARUT." AGRIBUSINESS JOURNAL 12, no. 1 (July 15, 2019): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/aj.v12i1.11853.
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This study aims to find out how the group dynamic conditions, the productivity of farmers, and the relationship between group dynamics and productivities of breeders KTN assisted in Al-Awwaliyah Community, Garut, West Java. The Spearman Rank was employed to analyze the data. Rank Spearman statistical test results showed that the purpose of the group, the group structure, the function of the task group, the development and the maintenance of the group, the group atmosphere, and the peer pressure associated with the productivity of breeders. Of the six indicators of group dynamics, group environment indicators occupy the highest ratings in the amount of 95.6 %. Besides, of the three indicators of the productivity of breeders, high confidence indicators occupy the highest ratings in the amount of 84.4 %.
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Khan, Mumraiz. "EXHIBITION OF MASCULINITY AMONG MIGRANT MEN: PREDISPOSING FACTOR OF SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIOR." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 04, no. 04 (December 31, 2022): 860–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i04.898.
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Masculinity has been recognized as a significant influence on risky sexual behavior. The migrant men present various sexual risk behaviors. The present study aims to explore migrant men's perspectives on the construction of masculinity and to understand their experiences and engagement in risky sexual behavior in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. This anthropological study included 14 focus group discussions with migrant men aged 18-45 years in the Commercial Market of Rawalpindi. The data were collected from the informal focus group discussions. The data were analyzed by using thematic inductive analysis presented by Clarke. The research results represent that masculine behavior among migrant men leads to risky sexual behavior. It was found that an autonomous living structure with peer groups and increased avenues of expression of sexual desire due to being away from families enhance the risky sexual behavior of migrant men. Such behaviors lead them to indulge in risky sexual practices with low-paid commercial sex workers or non-commercial partners, mostly without availing any protective measures. Furthermore, the normative behavior of migrant men, including peer pressure, economic independence, opportunity structure, and homogeneous population, were the significant factors that led to risky sexual behavior. The study suggests that such behavior remains an essential practice to conform to social expectations and norms aligned with masculinity in the Pakistani urban male population. Therefore, there is a need to address the gender norms that lead to masculine behavior among the migrant population. Keywords: masculinity, risky sexual behavior, migrant men, peer pressure, real man, hegemonic masculinity.
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Oliva, Sonia. "VIP Tickets Required: Latino High School Students and Limited Access." Practicing Anthropology 24, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.24.3.pp00300x30051600.
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As the Latino population increases, many public school systems throughout the United States are struggling to meet the educational needs of Latino children. Latinos remain the most undereducated segment of the nation's school aged children; they comprise the largest group of highschool dropouts, and high school graduates are much less likely to attain advanced degrees (Zambrana 1995). There are numerous internal and external factors related to the Latinos' relatively low educational attainment including poverty, educators' low expectations, language, low self-esteem and peer group pressure (Reyes et al. 1999).