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Clasen, Donna Rae, and B. Bradford Brown. "The multidimensionality of peer pressure in adolescence." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 14, no. 6 (March 1985): 451–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02139520.
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Verrier, Diarmuid, Sabrina Halton, and Matthew Robinson. "Autistic traits, adolescence, and anti-social peer pressure." Current Issues in Personality Psychology 8, no. 2 (2020): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/cipp.2020.94317.
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Soponaru, Camelia. "Body image, stress and coping strategies in adolescence." Global Journal of Guidance and Counseling in Schools: Current Perspectives 10, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjgc.v10i2.5313.
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The purpose of the study is to identify the level of stress among adolescents regarding body image and the strategies that they use to cope with it. 282 adolescents in 10th and 11th grade answered three questionnaires: the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire, the Body Image Coping Strategies Inventory and the Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults. In the order of results, factors generating stress in adolescents are money pressure, uncertain future, school/leisure conflicts, school performance, assuming adult responsibilities, school attendance, romantic relationships, home life, interactions with teachers and peer pressure. Girls are more stressed by home life, peer pressure, an uncertain future, money pressure and adult responsibilities, while boys by school attendance. The most frequently used coping mechanism is positive rational acceptance. The level of stress among adolescents correlates with the level of satisfaction regarding the body image.
Keywords: Body image, coping mechanisms, stress, adolescence, boys, girls.
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Pérez-Fuentes, María del Carmen, María del Mar Molero Jurado, José Jesús Gázquez Linares, África Martos Martínez, Isabel Mercader Rubio, and Mahia Saracostti. "Individual Variables Involved in Perceived Pressure for Adolescent Drinking." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 18, 2020): 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062012.
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Adolescence is a stage when individuals are especially vulnerable to the influence of their peer group, which could lead to the development of problematic behavior, such as drinking alcohol, due to perceived pressure. The objective of this study was to analyze the role of self-esteem, impulsivity, anxiety sensitivity and expectations for use under perceived pressure to drink alcohol among young people. Methods: The sample was made up of 1287 high school students aged 14 to 18, with a mean age of 15.11. The Bayes factor and mediation models were estimated to evaluate the data. Results: The results showed the existence of a positive relationship of impulsivity, anxiety sensitivity and expectations for use with perceived pressure. However, this relationship was negative with self-esteem and perception of pressure to drink alcohol. Furthermore, the model results showed that self-esteem mediates the relationship between physical, cognitive and social anxiety sensitivity and positive expectations with perceived pressure to drink alcohol in adolescence. Conclusions: Given the strong need for affiliation during youth, it is hard to control grouping and peer influence on drinking behavior. However, knowledge of the role of individual variables, such as those described here, in perceived pressure could improve the prevention and intervention of such behaviors.
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Ralte, Rinpari, and C. Lalrochami. "Stress, Self-Esteem and Peer Pressure among Mizo Adolescents." Senhri Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 4, no. 2 (December 28, 2019): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36110/sjms.2019.04.02.003.
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Adolescence is a period when numerous developmental changes as well as personal and social challenges are experienced. This generates the need to understand some of the crucial factors that may lead to inadequate development. The present study attempts to assess stress, self-esteem and peer pressure among Mizo adolescents. Seventy- eight (78) Mizo adolescents (39 males and 39 females) within the age range of 15-18years, belonging to Aizawl city, served as subjects for the study. A significant negative correlation (r = -0.40; p<0.01) was found between stress and self-esteem indicating high levels of stress that corresponds with low self-esteem. A negative correlation (r= -0.18; p>0.01) and a positive correlation (r=0.14, p> 0.01) is also found between peer pressure and self-esteem, peer pressure and stress respectively but is non-significant. Findings also indicated significant gender differences in stress (F=14.42; p <0.01) and self-esteem (F=33.96; p <0.01) with males (M= 77.46) having higher level of self-esteem than females (M= 64.84), and females (M= 24.67) having higher stress levels than males (M= 19.67).
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Jankowiak, Barbara, and Agata Matysiak-Błaszczyk. "Ryzyko i ochrona w środowisku rówieśniczym. Czyli o znaczeniu relacji koleżeńskich w życiu nastolatków." Studia Edukacyjne, no. 53 (June 15, 2019): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/se.2019.53.4.
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This article is devoted to the issue of peer relations, which are an important developmental factor and affect the welfare of adolescent boys and girls. According to many authors, relationships with peers during adolescence carry not only risk as a consequence of peer pressure to undertake unfavourable behaviors, but may also potentially contribute to well-being and life success. The analysis of available research results helped to distinguish two main risk factors resulting from peer relations, which include: mutual influence and modelling of disadaptive behaviours and rejection by peers. The protective factors, in turn, included: mutual influence and modelling of adaptive behaviours, a sense of happiness resulting from peer relations and compensating for other difficulties through peer relations.
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ASELTINE, ROBERT H., SUSAN GORE, and MARY ELLEN COLTEN. "The co-occurrence of depression and substance abuse in late adolescence." Development and Psychopathology 10, no. 3 (September 1998): 549–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579498001746.
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This article examines the role of adolescent social relationships in fostering the occurrence and co-occurrence of depression and substance abuse, using two waves of data from a community sample of adolescents (N = 900). Multinomial logistic response models were estimated to identify the extent to which risk and protective features of youths' family and peer relations were differentially linked with depressive symptoms, substance abuse, and their co-occurrence. Taking a within-person, configurational approach to adolescent adaptation, contrasts involved four subgroups of adolescents: those high on both depressed mood and substance abuse, those who experience neither problem, those evidencing high levels of depressive symptoms only, and those high on substance abuse only. Risk for depressive symptoms was differentiated by its association with conflict and lack of support in the friendship domain. Substance abuse was associated with negative peer pressure, but these youth were otherwise little different from youths with no problems. Whereas co-occurrence of depression and substance use was associated with more difficulties in both the family and peer environments, the most distinctive risk was that of low family support. Discussion centers on the developmental antecedents of co-occurring problems and family relations during adolescence.
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Racionero-Plaza, Sandra, Elena Duque, Maria Padrós, and Silvia Molina Roldán. "“Your Friends Do Matter”: Peer Group Talk in Adolescence and Gender Violence Victimization." Children 8, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8020065.
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Research on gender violence has identified as one main component leading to gender violence a dominant socialization process which associates attractiveness to men who show violent behaviors and attitudes, while egalitarian and non-violent men are emptied of attractiveness. This is known as coercive dominant discourse. Starting from the evidence that the peer group is a main context of socialization in adolescence, quantitative data were collected from six classes of secondary education (14–15-year-old adolescents) to explore whether the coercive dominant discourse is displayed in social interactions in the peer group and, if so, how it influences attractiveness patterns and sexual-affective behavior in adolescence. The analyses reveal that the coercive dominant discourse is often reproduced in the peer group interactions, creating group pressure, and pushing some girls to violent relationships. Alternative ways of interaction are also reported, which allow a socialization leading to more freedom, less coercion, and more healthy relationships.
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Helfert, Susanne, and Petra Warschburger. "The face of appearance-related social pressure: gender, age and body mass variations in peer and parental pressure during adolescence." Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health 7, no. 1 (2013): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1753-2000-7-16.
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Jinez, Lourdes Jordán, José Roberto Molina de Souza, and Sandra Cristina Pillon. "Drug use and risk factors among secondary students." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 17, no. 2 (April 2009): 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692009000200017.
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Adolescence is a phase of exposure to several risk behaviors, especially the experimental use of drugs and its associated problems. The study aims to identify risk factors and drug use among secondary students in Comonfort, Guanajuato, Mexico. This is a cross-sectional study, using a version of the Drug User Screening Inventory (DUSI) adapted from Portuguese to Spanish. The sample was composed of 695 (42.9%) students, 52.8% women. Drug use was present in 20.3%, predominantly alcohol and tobacco. Risk factors are related to the male gender, older than 13 years, second and third grades, living with relatives, poor relationships, curiosity, family conflicts, peer pressure and solidarity. CONCLUSION: alcohol and tobacco are the most used drugs and are associated to curiosity and peer pressure.
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Cundiff, Jenny M., and Karen A. Matthews. "Friends With Health Benefits: The Long-Term Benefits of Early Peer Social Integration for Blood Pressure and Obesity in Midlife." Psychological Science 29, no. 5 (March 13, 2018): 814–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797617746510.
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In adults, greater social integration is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, including hypertension. Social integration earlier in life may be similarly associated with cardiovascular risk. Using a longitudinal sample of 267 Black and White men, we examined whether greater social integration with peers during childhood and adolescence, assessed by parent report, prospectively predicts lower blood pressure and body mass index two decades later in adulthood and whether these effects differ by race, given well-documented racial disparities in hypertension. Boys who were reported by their parents to be more socially integrated with peers evidenced lower blood pressure and body mass index in adulthood, and this effect was not accounted for by body mass index in childhood, childhood socioeconomic status, childhood hostility, childhood physical health, extraversion measured in adolescence, or concurrent adult self-reports of social integration. Results did not differ by race, but analyses were not powered to detect interactions of small effect size.
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Yuksel, Dilara, Devin Prouty, Orsolya Kiss, Laila Volpe, Nicole Arra, Teji Dulai, Ingrid Durley, Todd Obilor, Fiona Baker, and Massimiliano de Zambotti. "576 Clinical characterization of insomnia disorder in adolescence." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.574.
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Abstract Introduction Insomnia is common in adolescence, particularly in older girls, with an overall prevalence comparable to major depression. Despite being associated with adverse outcomes such as an increased risk for substance dependence and suicidality, insomnia in adolescence is still under-recognized, under-diagnosed, and under-treated, and poorly described in the literature. This study aims to investigate the clinical features of insomnia in adolescence, in both boys and girls. Methods Eighty-five post-pubertal adolescents (16–18 years) with (N=39, 26 girls) and without (N=46, 28 girls) DSM-5 insomnia symptoms underwent a detailed clinical evaluation, including a clinical interview with a trained clinician and an extensive questionnaire battery investigating sleep behaviors, stress, coping skills, emotion regulation, mood, and personality traits. Results Adolescents with insomnia symptoms exhibit poorer sleep and sleep-related behaviors, such as higher insomnia severity scores, lower sleep hygiene, higher dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep, and higher pre-sleep negative thought content compared with controls (p<0.05). They also indicated higher stress levels associated with school performance and peer pressure, higher susceptibility to work overload and greater depressive symptoms than controls (p<0.05). Insomnia girls reported a lower perceived sleep quality, higher perceived stress levels, and a higher sleep vulnerability to stress than insomnia boys (p<0.05). Exploratory network analyses unveiled profound group differences in the extent of multi-symptoms’ interconnection, with network complexity being lower in adolescents with insomnia symptoms and showing distinct symptoms’ centrality and clustering. Conclusion Insomnia in adolescence needs to be considered in the context of both classical insomnia-related features, as well as adolescence-specific factors, such as school and peer stress. Network analysis may be a promising approach to unveil hidden relationships and patterns among insomnia symptoms and behaviors, and to better characterize insomnia, possibly advancing early recognition and treatment of the disorder. Support (if any) National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) R01HL139652 (to MdZ)
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Chadee, Derek, Stacia Ali, and Ariel Burke. "Effects of punishment, social norms, and peer pressure on delinquency: Spare the rod and spoil the child?" Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 36, no. 9 (September 13, 2018): 2714–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407518798137.
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Parental behavior regulation and delinquency is well established in the literature. While the precise direction of the relationship seems elusive, delinquency remains a recurring behavioral outcome of punitive forms of discipline. Opponents of punishment propose that it leads to a greater likelihood of conduct issues in adolescence and adulthood. The present study assessed the influence of punishment, social norms, and age on delinquency while examining peer pressure as a mediator. Further, gender and ethnicity were controlled. A random sample of 2011 participants from a southern Caribbean island responded to a questionnaire administered by field interviewers. Data were analyzed using path analysis, multiple group analysis, and one-way analysis of variance. Results showed that all independent variables were significant in predicting delinquency while peer pressure mediated these relationships. Further, gender and ethnic differences were observed with males and African-Trinidadians rating highest on delinquency. Findings are discussed within the theoretical frameworks of social bond theory, PARTheory, and in relation to previous research. Limitations and future research are also highlighted.
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Fawcett, Lillian, Alison F. Garton, and Justine Dandy. "Influences of Parents and Peers in Adolescent Leisure Activities." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 25, no. 1 (June 1, 2008): 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/aedp.25.1.32.
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AbstractThe current study investigated the associations between the influence of parent and peer characteristics and adolescent involvement in different types of out-of-school leisure activities using a structured versus unstructured activity dichotomy. Questionnaires completed by 1280, 12- to 17-year-old, Western Australian metropolitan, high-school students were analysed. It was found that perceived parent strictness, connectedness to adolescents, and parenting style were positively associated with adolescent participation in structured leisure activities, but negatively associated with time spent in unstructured activities. Hours of involvement in structured and unstructured leisure activities were negatively associated with perceived susceptibility to peer pressure. Peer connectedness was positively associated with hours spent in unstructured activities, but there was no significant interaction with participation in structured leisure activities. These findings suggest that peer influence is not always a dominant force in all aspects of adolescents' lives and also endorse the continued influence of parents as per Individuation and Relatedness theory in which it is argued that individuals' transition through adolescence is optimised if they remain connected to parents while concurrently developing their autonomy.
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Andayani, Friska Tri, and Endang Ekowarni. "Peran Relasi Orang Tua-Anak dan Tekanan Teman Sebaya terhadap Kecenderungan Perilaku Pengambilan Risiko." Gadjah Mada Journal of Psychology (GamaJoP) 2, no. 2 (February 6, 2018): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/gamajop.33097.
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Gilmour, Alice, Steve Gill, and Gareth Loudon. "Young adolescents’ experiences and views on eating and food." Young Consumers 21, no. 4 (August 31, 2020): 389–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/yc-06-2020-1161.
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Purpose Poor eating habits established during adolescence are likely to lead to negative long-term health consequences. The childhood obesity epidemic is a growing public health concern, largely attributed to obesogenic environments. This study aims to explore the multiple factors contributing positively or negatively to young consumers’ attitudes towards their food consumption. Design/methodology/approach In total, 42 11- to 13-years-old (24 men and 18 women) from three secondary schools in Wales participated in five focus group discussions. The process of thematic analysis resulted in several identified themes that influenced young consumers’ eating habits. Findings Extrapersonal factors compromised: education, peer pressure, parenting, availability and social media; and intrapersonal factors included: health consciousness, taste preferences, convenience and price consciousness. Contrary to previous research, the adolescent participants perceived their parents as more influential than their peer group, even during decision-making in the school canteen. Practical implications These research findings are beneficial for policy-makers working to develop an age-appropriate multi-factorial approach to promote healthful dietary practices amongst young consumers. For instance, increasing easily accessible food-to-go choices that are not only convenient to purchase and consume but also healthful could improve dietary intake. Originality/value A novel connection between peer pressure and convenience was discovered. Multiple factors contribute to young consumers’ attitudes towards food and their dietary habits.
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Shah, Sanjaya Kumar, Shree Laxmi Duwal, Richa Shah, Ramesh Bhatta, Rajesh Karki, and Anil Chaudhary. "Health risk behaviour among adolescent students in higher secondary school of Kathmandu metropolitan city, Nepal." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 6 (May 25, 2021): 2637. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20211963.
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Background: Health-risk behaviours are those activities that contribute to the leading causes of mortality, morbidity, disability, and social problems among youth and adults, often are established during childhood and adolescence, extend into adulthood, and are interrelated. The objective of the study was to assess health risk behaviours and their influencing factors among adolescent students in higher secondary school of Kathmandu metropolitan city.Methods: The study was a school based cross-sectional quantitative type. The study was conducted in three government schools of Kathmandu metropolitan city, Nepal. The purposive sampling technique was applied to select total 250 respondents from grade 11 and 12. The self-administered questionnaire was used for the data collection.Results: Study shows that majority of respondents were between aged 17-20 years, 62.4% were female and 76.8% from Hindu religion. Out of the total respondents, 6.4% smoked cigarettes, 18.4% drank alcohol and 6.8% used drugs. Regarding Initiation risk behaviour, 25% first smoked, 32.6% first drank alcohol and 11.76% first used drug at age <14 years (pre-adolescence). The major influencing factor for involving health risk behaviours are peer pressure (70.58%) followed by their curiosity (29.42). Likewise, this study revealed highly association between risk behaviours of respondents and peer pressure.Conclusions: Despite the widespread of knowledge about negative effect of health risk behaviours, the prevalence is of smoking, drinking alcohol and drug use is higher. There is urge need of initiation and activities regarding health risk behaviour targeting to preadolescents and adolescents’ students.
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Stroud, Laura R., Elizabeth Foster, George D. Papandonatos, Kathryn Handwerger, Douglas A. Granger, Katie T. Kivlighan, and Raymond Niaura. "Stress response and the adolescent transition: Performance versus peer rejection stressors." Development and Psychopathology 21, no. 1 (January 2009): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579409000042.
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AbstractLittle is known about normative variation in stress response over the adolescent transition. This study examined neuroendocrine and cardiovascular responses to performance and peer rejection stressors over the adolescent transition in a normative sample. Participants were 82 healthy children (ages 7–12 years, n = 39, 22 females) and adolescents (ages 13–17, n = 43, 20 females) recruited through community postings. Following a habituation session, participants completed a performance (public speaking, mental arithmetic, mirror tracing) or peer rejection (exclusion challenges) stress session. Salivary cortisol, salivary alpha amylase (sAA), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), and heart rate were measured throughout. Adolescents showed significantly greater cortisol, sAA, SBP, and DBP stress response relative to children. Developmental differences were most pronounced in the performance stress session for cortisol and DBP and in the peer rejection session for sAA and SBP. Heightened physiological stress responses in typical adolescents may facilitate adaptation to new challenges of adolescence and adulthood. In high-risk adolescents, this normative shift may tip the balance toward stress response dysregulation associated with depression and other psychopathology. Specificity of physiological response by stressor type highlights the importance of a multisystem approach to the psychobiology of stress and may also have implications for understanding trajectories to psychopathology.
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Idrus, Faizah, Nik Suryani Nik Abdul Rahman, Suhailah Hussein, and Haniza Rais. "Adolescents Develop Their Identities Amidst Adversities." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 504–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.81.9653.
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Adolescence is a somewhat turbulent phase of life to many. This paper explores the challenges of 6 Malaysian adolescents aged between 13 and 17 from low socioeconomic background in developing their identities. In depth semi-structured interviews were carried out. Family problems, peer pressure, and learning difficulties were among the main issues encountered. This study revealed that although the respondents’ families’ socio-economic status had affected them, it is not the determinant to their success nor failure. This study also suggests that a sound identity development and academic outcome could be achieved with relatively good parental involvement, well perceived expectations, fitting in with group of friends as well as a healthy surrounding
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Cascio, Christopher N., Joshua Carp, Matthew Brook O'Donnell, Francis J. Tinney, C. Raymond Bingham, Jean T. Shope, Marie Claude Ouimet, Anuj K. Pradhan, Bruce G. Simons-Morton, and Emily B. Falk. "Buffering Social Influence: Neural Correlates of Response Inhibition Predict Driving Safety in the Presence of a Peer." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 27, no. 1 (January 2015): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00693.
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Adolescence is a period characterized by increased sensitivity to social cues, as well as increased risk-taking in the presence of peers. For example, automobile crashes are the leading cause of death for adolescents, and driving with peers increases the risk of a fatal crash. Growing evidence points to an interaction between neural systems implicated in cognitive control and social and emotional context in predicting adolescent risk. We tested such a relationship in recently licensed teen drivers. Participants completed an fMRI session in which neural activity was measured during a response inhibition task, followed by a separate driving simulator session 1 week later. Participants drove alone and with a peer who was randomly assigned to express risk-promoting or risk-averse social norms. The experimentally manipulated social context during the simulated drive moderated the relationship between individual differences in neural activity in the hypothesized cognitive control network (right inferior frontal gyrus, BG) and risk-taking in the driving context a week later. Increased activity in the response inhibition network was not associated with risk-taking in the presence of a risky peer but was significantly predictive of safer driving in the presence of a cautious peer, above and beyond self-reported susceptibility to peer pressure. Individual differences in recruitment of the response inhibition network may allow those with stronger inhibitory control to override risky tendencies when in the presence of cautious peers. This relationship between social context and individual differences in brain function expands our understanding of neural systems involved in top–down cognitive control during adolescent development.
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Maaan, Ashok, Manoj K. Yadav, S. S. Chaudhary, and Manisha . "A study on sexual behaviour practiced by the adolescent and its source of inspiration." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 4 (March 25, 2021): 1911. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20211254.
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Background: Adolescence is a developmental period of rapid physical, psychological, sociocultural, and cognitive changes characterized by efforts to confront and surmount challenges and to establish a sense of identity and autonomy. Objective was to study the sexual behavior practiced by the adolescent and its source of inspiration.Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out in Department of Community Medicine, Santosh Medical College, Ghaziabad and Urban area of district Ghaziabad. 750 Adolescents aged 10 to 19 years studying in the selected schools of urban Ghaziabad were included for the study. The period of study was from November 2011 to October 2012.Results: 26.8% of the students were sexually active. Boys were sexually more active than girls (34.7% vs. 18.9%). Condom use was present in 51.2% of the sexually active students. Nearly half (52.3%) of sexually active males had sex under the influence of pornography, almost one-third (32.3%) had sex merely because of peer pressure and 15.4% did it for curiosity and fun. Among girls who experienced sex 70.4% succumbed to peer pressure and 23.9% under the influence of pornography. In the present study more boys (77.9%) than girls (54.1%) had knowledge about reproductive health issues and this difference between two sexes were found to be statistically significant.Conclusions: The present health status of the study population has the potential possibility of leading to increased health problems for this vulnerable population, in future.
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Heyne, MD, Thomas, Nancy Hernandez, MD, and Lisa Gilbert, MD. "A Catholic Approach to Adolescent Medicine." National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 19, no. 1 (2019): 63–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ncbq20191917.
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Adolescence is an important yet vulnerable period of transition from childhood to adulthood. An increasing number of studies support the traditional Catholic view, which sees teens as prone to making poor decisions when influenced by emotions or peer pressure but capable of thriving when guided by parents and religion. However, newer policies of medical societies undermine the traditional supports of family and faith with a permissive approach toward sexual exploration. To counter this unhealthy trend, which seems to be based more on postmodern ideology than robust science, Catholic physicians should become experts in adolescent behavior and sexual health. Physicians should be sensitive to opposing viewpoints but participate only in treatments which are ethical and beneficial for their patients. Specifically, Catholic physicians must avoid contraceptives, abortion, and “gender-affirming” therapies. By using good science and emulating the models of service, Socratic dialogue, and accompaniment, physicians can guide adolescents toward a virtuous, healthy adulthood.
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Sethi, Rajesh Kumar, Raghava Badabagni, Padmaja Sridevi Pabbineedi, and Radhika Chennupati. "Study of blood pressure in relation with age, sex and BMI in school going children of age group 5-15 years in Amalapuram, Andhra Pradesh, India." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 3 (April 30, 2019): 1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20191438.
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Background: The measurement of blood pressure is an important component of routine Pediatric physical examination. Children with higher levels of blood pressure tend to maintain higher blood pressure levels in adulthood in comparison to their peer group. The aims and objectives of this study were to define the normal pattern of blood pressure and prevalence of hypertension in urban school children between the age group of 5-15 years and to evaluate relationship of blood pressure with variables such as age, sex, height, weight and BMI in Amalapuram, Andhra Pradesh.Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional observational study conducted from July 2016 to December 2018 in Department of Pediatrics, KIMS Amalapuram.Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension in the present study was 3.2%. Of these 16 children 11 were males amounting to 4.41% of total number of males and 5 were females amounting to 1.99% of total number of females. The prevalence of hypertension was more in the males. It was observed that there is not much increase in mean blood pressure up to 130 cms (both in males and females) and increased significantly and gradually in children above 130 cms of height. Blood pressure increases gradually and in a proportionate manner with increase in weight and BMI.Conclusions: Blood pressure is an important vital sign which reflects the integrity of the cardiovascular system, renal, endocrinal system and other systems in the body. Blood pressure of an individual varies with age, sex, height, weight and BMI. It also has a strong correlation with family history of hypertension. Thus, concluded that hypertension has its roots in childhood and early adolescence.
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Ustilaitė, Stasė, Alina Petrauskienė, and Jūratė Česnavičienė. "Self-Assessment and Expectations of Mothers’ Communication With Adolescents on Sexuality Issues." Pedagogika 140, no. 4 (January 31, 2021): 116–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2020.140.7.
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This article reviews survey data obtained through anonymous questionnaires of 779 mothers on the website apklausa.lt. on their perceptions, emotional well-being, and expectations of communication with adolescents on sexuality issues. The majority of the survey participants think that they can talk openly with their daughters and sons on various topics of sexuality(about emotional changes in adolescence, friendship and love to a person of a different gender, violence, abuse recognition and help, family importance to the individual and society, gender equality, equality of roles of men and women, etc.). Mothers, who have higher education degrees, are more likely to interact with their children about sexual orientation and gender stereotypes created by the media, mass culture, and advertising regarding body appearance and their impact on a person’s self-perception. The survey results showed that almost all mothers who participated in the survey (93.6%) perceived conversations with their children on sexuality / sexual relations topics as their responsibility i.e. associated with responsible motherhood, but 64.1% of mothers indicated that they felt uncomfortable, 51.8% of them felt disturbed and 65.9% – ashamed. Mothers hope that interviews with adolescents can help protect adolescents from risky sexual behaviour (63.4% of mothers expect that their daughter / son will not have sex in adolescence; 76.6% expect that adolescents are less likely to become pregnant and 72.5% mothers note that the child will be more resistant to peer pressure to have sex).
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García-Carpintero-Muñoz, María Ángeles, Lorena Tarriño-Concejero, and Rocío de Diego-Cordero. "Consumption of Substances in Nightlife Settings: A Qualitative Approach in Young Andalusians (Spain)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16 (August 5, 2020): 5646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165646.
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Adolescence and youth are stages of exploration and experimentation, when the consumption of psychoactive substances for recreational or experimental purposes often begins. The general objective of this study was to explore youth consumption habits in nightlife settings and associated factors in Andalusia (Spain). To this end, we took into account young people’s perceptions about patterns of drug polyconsumption in nightlife settings and the perceptions and actions of health and teaching professionals towards this issue. We carried out a qualitative methodology with 24 in-depth interviews and 3 discussion groups with Andalusian girls and boys aged between 16 and 22 (n = 45) and 13 in-depth interviews with social agents (health and teaching professionals). We performed narrative discourse analysis and triangulation of identified categories and measured the units of analysis. The results show information relating to gender, age of initiation, most commonly consumed substances, motivation and effects, peer group pressure and how they obtained the substances, and the perceptions held and main activities carried out in the educational institutions and health centers.
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Pikó, Bettina, and Szabolcs Varga. "What motivates smoking and alcohol drinking of young people? A behavioural epidemiologic study." Orvosi Hetilap 155, no. 3 (January 2014): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2014.29805.
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Introduction: Adolescence is a life period of trying harmful habits. It is helpful for prevention to map youth’s motivations. Aim: The main goal of the present study was to investigate high school students’ motivations related to alcohol and cigarette use. Method: A questionnaire survey was performed in Debrecen including students from four high schools (n = 501; age range, between 14 and 22 years; mean age, 16.4 years; 34% boys and 66% girls). Beyond descriptive statistics, logistic regression analysis was used to detect odds ratios explaining relationships between substance use and motivations. Results: Besides a slight difference in gender, there were significant differences by substance user status in the structure of motivations. In case of alcohol use, social motivation proved to be a predictor. In case of cigarette smoking, besides social motivation, boredom relief and affect regulation (coping) were also significant. Conclusions: These data suggest that young people start to smoke cigarette and drink alcohol in social situations due to peer pressure. Therefore, prevention strategies should be built on social skills training. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(3), 100–105.
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Valarmathi V, Thirunavukarasu M, and Kanniammal C. "Impact of Unhealthy Psycho Social Environment on Adolescent Mental Health Causes Emotional and Behavioural Problems." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 3 (July 6, 2020): 3009–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2397.
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Adolescence is a most crucial period in a person’s life because rapid changes occur in physical, psychological and emotional spheres. Due to the immaturity and emotional turmoil the adolescent undergoes in this period a safe, nurturing environment is essential for the adolescents to grow up in to a well adjusted person. The aim of this study to assess the influence of psychosocial stressors on emotional and behavioral problems of school adolescents. The study conducted at Govt. Higher secondary school for boys and girls at Guduvancheri in Kanchipuram District, Chennai. A mixed method research design was used for collecting data from 8th to 12th standard students’ age between 13-17 years. The stratified random sampling technique was used to collect data from 100 samples with help of the standard tool child behaviour check list (CBCL)YSR 11-18year. The result revealed that in comparing the CBCL score between the male and female adolescents having significant difference in rule breaking behaviour p<0.003 and thought problems p<0.001. Out of 100 samples 10 Adolescents were selected who had emotional and behavioural problems and were sharing their problems and express their stressors. By this personal discussion found out the root stressors such as poor parental relationship (alcoholic father), insecure home environment, peer pressure, inadequate economical support and academic pressure lead them for loneliness, inferiority, hopelessness, anxiety, involvement of immoral behaviors.
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Knox, Rebecca. "Development of an adolescent biofeedback service to manage bowel dysfunction in younger patients." Gastrointestinal Nursing 18, Sup4 (May 1, 2020): S18—S22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/gasn.2020.18.sup4.s18.
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Bowel dysfunction, including constipation and faecal incontinence, is common, debilitating and associated with psychological problems, exacerbated by social stigma. It can usually be managed effectively with thorough symptom assessment, followed by a personalised treatment plan of conservative, evidence-based and non-invasive interventions, including biofeedback therapy. St Mark's Hospital in Northwest London provides a dedicated biofeedback service with a multidisciplinary, multimodal and behavioural approach. Bowel dysfunction is common in paediatric patients, including adolescents, who were an increasing proportion of St Mark's patients. Adolescence is a period of intense physical, psychological and social development, as young people are faced with hormonal, emotional and sexual pressures. St Mark's established an adolescent biofeedback service to provide dedicated treatment, education and support. This considered the impact of peer pressure, eating disorders and school life, as well as encouraging long-term co-ordinated transition to adult care. Clinicians used comfortable and comprehensible language, with new adolescent-friendly literature based on stages of development. Parental involvement was carefully considered and encouraged where appropriate. This clinic should improve bowel function and quality of life in younger patients, as well as reduce relapse in later life.
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Gupta, R., J. Derevensky, A. Tsanos, C. Klein, A. Bennett, and L. Kanevsky. "A Comparison of Adolescents' Fears from Montreal and Vancouver." Canadian Journal of School Psychology 11, no. 1 (December 1995): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/082957359501100103.
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Adolescence is a developmental period often filled with uncertainty, conflict, and major life changes. Fear, a powerful human emotion, represents a normal response to active or perceived threat experienced by all individuals at all stages of life. Adolescents were found to experience fears relevant to their stage in life. Issues of acceptance by peers, the formulation of one's identity, discovering intimate relationships, and the uncertainty of their future are all typical adolescent concerns. Substantial interindividual variability was found to exist in the manifestation, acquisition, and persistence of fears. Findings revealed that as a whole the three most commonly reported fears concern their future, issues related to the environment, and AIDS. With respect to location, adolescents in Vancouver report significantly more fears, especially fears of violence and pain and death, than do those from Montreal. Montrealers most frequently expressed fears of the future, AIDS, and political instability. Developmental trends revealed an increase in fears of the future, the environment, and political instability, and a decrease in fears of violence and peer pressure as they get older. Females in general were found to express more fears than their male counterparts in most categories. The results are discussed with respect to situational and demographic factors, developmental changes, and gender differences.
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Arfan, Iskandar, Suharyo Hadisaputro, and Anies. "RISK FACTORS OF HIV AND AIDS EVENTS IN ADOLESCENTS 14-24 YEARS." JURNAL BORNEO AKCAYA 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.51266/borneoakcaya.v2i1.82.
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Abstract. Adolescents are associated with risky activities so as to be a group at risk for HIV infection. Associated with the course of HIV infection, can be understood if the infection usually begins when adolescence. The purpose of this study was to prove the influence of the host and environmental factors that influence the incidence of HIV and AIDS in adolescents 14-24 years of age. The design was used a case-control design and reinforced with qualitative studies with the number of respondents was 110 respondents, including 55 cases and 55 controls, were selected by purposive sampling attention to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quantitative data were collected by questionare interview, qualitative data were collected by indepth interview. Analysis of bivariate data using a chi-square test and multivariate data using logistic regression. Factor that proved to affect the incidence of infection HIV and AIDS in adolescents 14-24 years is risky behavior (unprotected sex) (OR = 12.41 and 95% CI = 3.37-45.71), the communication of parents (OR = 11 , 66 and 95% CI = 4.24- 32.07). The analysis also shows that if adolescents experience both of the above, then the chances of being infected with HIV and AIDS is equal to (86%). Factors that are not proven effect is education, residency status, risky behaviors (drug injection), the use of media television/handphone (see porn picture or video), the use of the Internet media (see porn picture or video), the condition of the parents (parents of adolescents in the context complete and not divorce or dead), parental supervision, relationship with parents, peer pressure (sex) and pressure peer (injectable drugs). Risk factors for the incidence of HIV and AIDS among adolescents 14-24 years is risky behavior (unprotected sex) high and communications poor parents, Adolescent expected to always understand about (HIV and AIDS, reproductive health, n drug) to avoid unsafe sex and fill leisure time with sports and positive behaviour. Parents / families are also expected to have knowledge about (HIV and AIDS, reproductive health, n drug) establish communication, attention, rules and open to discuss problems of children.
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Pamelia, Icha. "PERILAKU KONSUMSI MAKANAN CEPAT SAJI PADA REMAJA DAN DAMPAKNYA BAGI KESEHATAN." IKESMA 14, no. 2 (September 17, 2018): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ikesma.v14i2.10459.
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Adolescent nutritional needs need to be considered because in adolescence there is rapid growth and development. Unhealthy eating habits will affect adolescent nutrition. Unhealthy foods such as fast food are consumed by teenagers. At a time when everything is modern like now, teenagers want everything to be fast, including in choosing food. Fast food is also known to the public as junk food. Junk food is defined as food waste or food that does not have nutrients for the body. Eating junk food is not only in vain, but can also damage health. Fast food comes from western countries which generally have high fat and calorie content. Many factors influence teenagers eating fast food. These factors are discussed based on research articles and book references. Factors that influence consumption of fast food include taste, price, a comfortable place, and peer influence. Fast food can increase the risk of several diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and disorders of blood fat or dyslipidemia. Obesity or obesity is experienced by many children, adolescents, and adults. Obesity occurs because of a changing lifestyle, including eating patterns that often consume fast food. Eating fast food too often does not only cause obesity. However, from obesity experienced by someone, it will increase a person's risk factors for other degenerative diseases, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, cancer, heart disease, and stroke.
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Ma, Grace X., Steven E. Shive, Jamil Toubbeh, Yin Tan, and Shanyang Zhao. "Social Influences and Smoking Behaviors among Four Asian American Subgroups." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 1, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v1i3.2109.
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This study sought to identify the predictive power of social influences on smoking behavior among Asian American adults. A cross-sectional self-report survey method and stratified-cluster proportional sampling technique was used. The survey was conducted at the 26 randomly selected Asian American community organization locations in the Delaware Valley region. A sample of 1374 was recruited from 26 selected organizations and 1174 completed the survey with an average response rate of 83%. Social influences were measured by examining the predictive power of parental, other important family members’ and friends’ tobacco use prevalence on smoking behavior, and the perception of the number of people who smoke in the U.S. A Chi-Square test and logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. Current smoking father/brother, number of smoking friends, and gender were positively associated with current tobacco use. Asians who had an ever and current smoking father/brother and those who had current smoking friends were more likely to be current smokers. The youngest age group were more likely to be influenced by an ever and current smoking father/brother, by having close friends who smoke, and perceived the highest amount of peer pressure. The smoking rate was highest among the 22-45 age group. Successful smoking prevention and cessation programs designed for Asian Americans must take into consideration male parental tobacco use because it represents the primary source of learned behavior and this influence continues beyond adolescence
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Ma, Grace X., Steven E. Shive, Jamil Toubbeh, Yin Tan, and Shanyang Zhao. "Social Influences and Smoking Behaviors among Four Asian American Subgroups." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 1, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v1i3.523.
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This study sought to identify the predictive power of social influences on smoking behavior among Asian American adults. A cross-sectional self-report survey method and stratified-cluster proportional sampling technique was used. The survey was conducted at the 26 randomly selected Asian American community organization locations in the Delaware Valley region. A sample of 1374 was recruited from 26 selected organizations and 1174 completed the survey with an average response rate of 83%. Social influences were measured by examining the predictive power of parental, other important family members’ and friends’ tobacco use prevalence on smoking behavior, and the perception of the number of people who smoke in the U.S. A Chi-Square test and logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. Current smoking father/brother, number of smoking friends, and gender were positively associated with current tobacco use. Asians who had an ever and current smoking father/brother and those who had current smoking friends were more likely to be current smokers. The youngest age group were more likely to be influenced by an ever and current smoking father/brother, by having close friends who smoke, and perceived the highest amount of peer pressure. The smoking rate was highest among the 22-45 age group. Successful smoking prevention and cessation programs designed for Asian Americans must take into consideration male parental tobacco use because it represents the primary source of learned behavior and this influence continues beyond adolescence
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Acharya, Shrikala, and Mandar V. Chandrachood. "Substance use and its determinants among students of industrial training institute in tribal area of Thane district, Maharashtra." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 3 (February 27, 2020): 928. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20200943.
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Background: Substance use is a major public health challenge because it is engulfing the younger generation with serious health, social and economic concern. Unhealthy behaviors such as smoking, drinking and illicit drug use often begin during adolescence. The study was undertaken with objectives of assessing the prevalence of substance use and its determinants among students of Industrial Training Institute (ITI).Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in all students of the institute to find out prevalence of substance use and its determinants. Data was collected in a predesigned and pretested proforma by oral questionnaire method and was analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics and appropriate statistical tests of significance.Results: Prevalence of substance use was 18%. There was no significant association of substance use with age, education, caste or residence of the student but it was significantly associated with type of family (p=0.02) and literacy of mother and father (p=0.04 and p=0.01). Tobacco was most commonly used substance and most common factor determining substance use was addiction in family members. All the participants were aware about cancer as a health hazard of substance use but awareness about other health hazards was low.Conclusions: Several factors can act as determinants of substance use including type of family, education of parents, peer pressure and addiction in family members. Role of family and society should be identified and practiced for prevention and control of this substance use.
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Nalukwago, Judith, Rik Crutzen, Bart van den Borne, Paul Mukisa Bukuluki, Leonard Bufumbo, Richard Batamwita, Amos Zikusooka, Rachel Lenzi, Gretchen Thompson, and Jane Alaii. "Adolescents Discussing Sexual Behaviors With Key Influencing Audiences." Global Journal of Health Science 10, no. 8 (July 23, 2018): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v10n8p91.
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There is an increasing concern on early initiation of sexual activity among adolescents, increasing sexually transmitted infections, and teenage pregnancy in Uganda. Adolescents perceptions of these sexual behaviors might be the result of discussing sexual and reproductive health issues with key influencing audiences. This study qualitatively explored the effect of sexuality discussions with key influencing audiences by means of in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with adolescents (N=83). Findings indicate that adolescence stage comes with changes of intense sexual desires, often presumed difficult to control thus leading adolescents to engage in sexual activities. Adolescents indicated that they were aware of the sexual behaviors such as condom use, contraception use, and multiple concurrent partnerships, but intertwined with persistent myths and misconceptions. Although discussing sexuality issues with someone was found to be instrumental, adolescent highlighted challenges that hinder discussion with key influencers. Challenges include, parents lack of time to talk to their children; some religious affiliations perceived to discourage use of contraception; limited skills of community health workers to address adolescent information needs; meetings held in groups not followed up with age-focused or one-on-one discussions; negative health workers’ attitudes and use of technical language; and peer pressure. These findings suggest the need to provide adequate and updated information to clear any misconceptions and strengthening of key influencers’ communication skills to gain confidence in addressing adolescent sexual and reproductive health needs.
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Banwat, ME, LA Lar, PO Odunze, and C. Ogbonna. "Assessment of Sexual Knowledge, Perception and Practices among Secondary School Adolescents in Rural Community, Nigeria." Journal of Epidemiological Society of Nigeria 1 (February 28, 2017): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/jeson.9.
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Background: Adolescence is characterized by experimentation into sexual activities. When adolescents leave home to reside in boarding secondary schools, peer pressure can result in voluntary and involuntary sexual activity even when they don't know about its immediate and long term health practices of adolescents in boarding secondary schools in a rural community, in Plateau State. effects. This survey aimed at assessing background sexuality knowledge, perception and
Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1019 secondary school students sampled using proportionate sampling technique from three rural schools in Plateau State. Data obtained from them using self-administered questionnaires, were analyzed using EPI INFO version 3.5.3 and STATA 13. Chi square test and Multiple Logistic Regression were the statistical tests used and the p-value was set at p < 0.05.
Results: Majority of the students (57.7%) had good sexuality knowledge although 89.1% of them felt confident to refuse a sexual advance. There was a significant relationship between their sex and level of confidence. A high proportion of respondents (40.5%) were sexually active and there was an association between their sex and age of onset, and whether first sexual act was voluntary or not. The odds of an adolescent being sexually active are six times as likely if aged between 19-21years; and seven times as likely, if lacking self-confidence.
Conclusion: A high proportion of the students had good sexuality knowledge and was sexually active. There is need for proper sexuality education and life skills trainings from reliable sources for school-aged adolescents.
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Baniya, Sujeeta, and Arati Timilsina. "Knowledge and Practice of Road Safety Rules and Regulations among Secondary School Students." Prithvi Academic Journal 1, no. 1 (May 31, 2018): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/paj.v1i1.25897.
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Road traffic accidents are increasing in alarming ways. During adolescence period driving for curiosity, careless driving, and peer pressure are most common resulting high road traffic accidents. The main objective of the study was to explore the knowledge and practice of road safety rules and regulations. A descriptive cross sectional study design was used to conduct the study. Non-probability quota sampling technique was used to select 240 respondents from 800 students of class 11 and 12 from Pokhara Secondary School. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the information from respondents. The obtained data was entered on SPSS 16 version program and analyzed and interpreted by using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that more than half (59.2%) of the respondents had moderately adequate knowledge. Nearly three-forth (70.4%) of the respondents had average practice as a pedestrian and 75.7 percent of the respondents as a driver had average practice. Only 7.5 percent of the respondents were exposed to road traffic accident and high speed was the main cause of accident. More than three quarter (75.7%) had always driven vehicles without license. There was significant association (p=0.034) between the faculty of respondents (science and management) and level of knowledge of respondents on road safety rules and regulations. The study concluded that there was moderate level of knowledge and average level of practice of both drivers and pedestrians on road safety rules and regulations among secondary school students. It therefore suggests awareness programs on road safety rules and regulations are significant or school students to promote safety.
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Orsini, Muhsin Michael, David L. Wyrick, William B. Hansen, Rita G. O’Sullivan, Denise Hallfors, Allan B. Steckler, and Ty A. Ridenour. "Evaluation of an infused alcohol and drug prevention programme." Health Education 119, no. 3 (April 1, 2019): 230–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/he-07-2018-0035.
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Purpose Alcohol, tobacco, marijuana and other drugs use typically increases in prevalence and frequency during middle and late adolescence. School health instruction often focusses on providing facts and rarely provides tools for addressing the psychosocial risk factors needed to prevent substance use. The purpose of this paper is to report about the effectiveness of a prevention programme delivered in US high school health classes. The intervention augments typical instruction by providing teachers with activities that can be infused in their daily teaching. Design/methodology/approach In total, 26 schools were randomly assigned to receive the intervention or serve as controls. Pupils were pretested near the beginning of the school year, posttest near the end of the school year and administered a final test near the beginning of the following school year. Teachers in treatment schools were provided with activities designed to target psychosocial variables known to mediate substance use onset and self-initiated cessation. These include normative beliefs, intentionality, lifestyle incongruence, beliefs about consequences of use, peer pressure resistance skills, decision-making skills, goal setting skills and stress management skills. Findings Hierarchical modelling analytic strategies revealed the intervention to have definable positive impacts on alcohol and cigarette use. Moreover, the intervention had strongest effects on alcohol and cigarette use among pupils who were identified at pretest as being lower-than-average risk. Originality/value This research provides support for providing teachers with a strategy for preventing alcohol, tobacco and other drugs that can be used in a flexible manner to augment the instruction they are already mandated to provide.
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Favieri, Francesca, Andrea Marini, and Maria Casagrande. "Emotional Regulation and Overeating Behaviors in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review." Behavioral Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs11010011.
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The worldwide prevalence of obesity has dramatically increased, mostly in children and adolescents. The Emotional Eating theoretical model has proposed that the failure in emotional regulation could represent a risk factor for establishing maladaptive overeating behavior that represents an inadequate response to negative emotions and allows increasing body-weight. This systematic review investigates the relationship between overeating and both emotional regulation and emotional intelligence in childhood and adolescence, considering both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Moreover, another goal of the review is evaluating whether emotional regulation and emotional intelligence can cause overeating behaviors. The systematic search was conducted according to the PRISMA-statement in the databases Medline, PsychArtcles, PsychInfo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences, and allows 484 records to be extracted. Twenty-six studies were selected according to inclusion (e.g., studies focused on children and adolescents without clinical conditions; groups of participants overweight or with obesity) and exclusion (e.g., studies that adopted qualitative assessment or cognitive-affective tasks to measure emotional variables; reviews, commentary, or brief reports) criteria detailed in the methods. Cross-sectional studies showed a negative association between emotional regulation and overeating behavior that was confirmed by longitudinal studies. These findings highlighted the role of maladaptive emotion regulation on overeating and being overweight. The relationship between these constructs in children and adolescents was consistent. The results indicated the complexity of this association, which would be influenced by many physiological, psychological, and social factors. These findings underline the need for further studies focused on emotion regulation in the development of overeating. They should analyze the mediation role of other variables (e.g., attachment style, peer pressure) and identify interventions to prevent and reduce worldwide overweight prevalence.
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Krishnaveni, GV, Kalyanaraman Kumaran, Murali Krishna, Sirazul Sahariah, Giriraj Chandak, Sarah Kehoe, Alexander Jones, et al. "Life course programming of stress responses in adolescents and young adults in India: Protocol of the Stress Responses in Adolescence and Vulnerability to Adult Non-communicable disease (SRAVANA) Study." Wellcome Open Research 3 (May 10, 2018): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14583.1.
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Background: Early life nutrition may affect individuals’ susceptibility to adult non-communicable diseases (NCD). Psychological stress is a well-recognised NCD risk factor. Recent evidence suggests that impaired foetal nutrition alters neuro-endocrine pathways, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis feedback systems, resulting in abnormal stress responses, and NCD risk. This study aims to examine adolescent cortisol and cardiovascular stress responses in relation to maternal nutrition and contemporaneous NCD risk markers. Methods: The study sample will be drawn from three well-established birth cohorts in India; the Parthenon cohort, Mysore (N=550, age~20y), the SARAS KIDS prenatal intervention cohort, Mumbai (N=300, age~10-12y) and the Pune Rural Intervention in Young Adults/ PRIYA cohort, Pune (N=100, age~22y). We will perform the ‘Trier Social Stress Test (TSST)’, a well-accepted stress-test module which involves participants performing 5-minutes each of public speaking and mental arithmetic tasks in front of unfamiliar ‘judges’ (stressor). Repeated measures of salivary cortisol and autonomic cardiovascular outcomes relative to the stressor will be assessed. Measures of psychological stress, cognitive function, blood pressure, glucose-insulin metabolism and depression will be carried out. Mechanistic studies including DNA methylation in gluco-corticoid receptor (NR3C1) and 11β-HSD2 gene loci and neuroimaging will be carried out in a subsample. Qualitative interviews and focus group discussions in a subsample of the Parthenon cohort will explore the perception of stress and stressors among the youth. We will convert repeated measures into time-weighted averages before analysis. We will carry out multivariable regression analysis to test the associations. We will further refine the analyses using the mixed-model regression and conditional analyses for the association with repeated measures. Ethics and dissemination: This study has been approved by the research ethics committee of CSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore. The findings will be disseminated locally and at international meetings, and reports will be submitted to open access peer reviewed journals.
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Vishesh Yadav, Shalini Ray, Priyanka Sachdeva, and Ankur Bhagat. "Tobacco Use and Oral Health Status among Adolescents in an Urban Slum, Gurugram." International Healthcare Research Journal 2, no. 4 (July 10, 2018): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.26440/ihrj/02_04/184.
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INTRODUCTION: Tobacco use is one of the main risk factors for number of chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer and oral cancer. Tobacco epidemic is one of the public health threats killing nearly six million people yearly. Tobacco use also contributes to poor oral health causing staining, bad breath and tooth decay. Different studies in India are suggestive of upward trend in use of tobacco even in adolescents.OBJECTIVES: To find the prevalence of tobacco use among adolescents in an urban slum and to assess the oral health status among them.METHODOLOGY: This cross sectional study was done as a part of oral health assessment camp conducted in an urban slum. All adolescents attending the camp were recruited in the study after due informed consent, the final sample size being 130.RESULTS: The overall tobacco use among adolescents was found to be 95.8% adolescent boys and 27.6% among adolescent girls. The most common reasons cited for tobacco use were peer pressure followed by parent’s influence. Smokeless tobacco (dry tobacco, lime, guthka) was consumed by 39.13% boys and 19% girls. Smoking was prevalent among 16.7% boys and 8.6% girls. However 41.7 % adolescent boys consumed both forms of tobacco. Prevalence of dental caries was high in both boys (77.7%) and girls (55.2%). The presence of tartar was found in 47.3% boys and 22.4% girls. Bleeding gums was found in more no. of girls (29.3%) as compared to boys (25%). The other morbidities found on examination were ulcer (16.7% boys and 3.5% girls), Oral submucous fibrosis was seen in 27.8% boys and 3.5% girls.CONCLUSION: Appropriate intervention is required as adolescence is a tender period where these risk factors like tobacco consumption and oral hygiene could be modified by awareness and counselling.
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Patil, Suvarna, Netaji Patil, Charudatta Joglekar, Arvind Yadav, Anup Nilawar, Ulka Banavali, Rohit Bhat, et al. "aDolescent and prEconception health peRspectiVe of Adult Non-communicable diseases (DERVAN): protocol for rural prospective adolescent girls cohort study in Ratnagiri district of Konkan region of India (DERVAN-1)." BMJ Open 10, no. 9 (September 2020): e035926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035926.
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IntroductionPrecise impact of nutritional insufficiencies in adolescence as a risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCD) in later life as adults remains largely unknown.We are conducting research into the effects of nutrition on adolescent girls of Ratnagiri district by a prospective cohort study (aDolescent and prEconception health peRspectiVe of Adult Non-communicable diseases cohort). Our study focuses on the physical health, nutritional parameters and cognitive profiles of adolescent girls, during the prenatal and postnatal period and we aim to follow this cohort and their offspring for 20 years.Methods and analysisCohort recruitment began in June 2019. Our aim is to recruit more than 1500 adolescent girls, age 16–18 years, over a period of 3 years. The recruit’s cognition, diet and physical activity will be recorded. The following investigations will be performed: body composition by anthropometry and bioimpedence, and blood pressure, fasting blood sample to measure glucose, insulin, lipids, micronutrients and hormones, abdominal ultrasonography to measure liver, pancreas and kidneys.A biorepository has been created for long-term storage of blood, urine and saliva samples for future analysis. By this longitudinal study, we aim to identify the effects of malnutrition on the behavioural and biological measures in adolescent subjects and evaluate if these are associated with the onset of NCDs in adulthood.Ethics and disseminationInstitutional Ethic Committee (IEC) of BKL Walawalkar Rural Medical College and Hospital has granted the permission to carry out the study. IEC is registered with Government of India. Its registration code is EC/755/INST/MH/2015/RR-18. It is not a clinical trial but as required we have also registered the study on Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI). The registration code is CTRI/2019/04/018453.Appropriate written informed consent and assent are obtained from the parents and the adolescent girls, respectively. We plan to publish our results in peer-reviewed journals.
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Anjali, Anjali, and Manisha Sabharwal. "Perceived Barriers of Young Adults for Participation in Physical Activity." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 6, no. 2 (August 25, 2018): 437–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.6.2.18.
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This study aimed to explore the perceived barriers to physical activity among college students Study Design: Qualitative research design Eight focus group discussions on 67 college students aged 18-24 years (48 females, 19 males) was conducted on College premises. Data were analysed using inductive approach. Participants identified a number of obstacles to physical activity. Perceived barriers emerged from the analysis of the data addressed the different dimensions of the socio-ecological framework. The result indicated that the young adults perceived substantial amount of personal, social and environmental factors as barriers such as time constraint, tiredness, stress, family control, safety issues and much more. Understanding the barriers and overcoming the barriers at this stage will be valuable. Health professionals and researchers can use this information to design and implement interventions, strategies and policies to promote the participation in physical activity. This further can help the students to deal with those barriers and can help to instil the habit of regular physical activity in the later adult years.
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Knežević Florić, Olivera, Aleksandra Pavlović, and Stefan Ninković. "PEER PRESSURE AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AS PREDICTORS OF ADOLESCENT RISK BEHAVIORS." TEME, February 8, 2021, 1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/teme200712076k.
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Understanding the factors associated with adolescent risk behaviors is an important research topic in Serbia. The aim of this study was to examine whether peer pressure and academic achievement predict adolescent risk behaviours such as cigarette smoking, drinking alcohol, marijuana use and unprotected sex. The data was collected from 181 (68% female) second-grade students of two secondary schools. The questionnaire for assessing peer pressure, risk behaviors, as well as socio-demographic variables was applied. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the perceived peer pressure and academic achievement both predict various types of risky behaviors among adolescents. The findings of this study can have implications for improving the prevention of risk-taking behaviors in adolescence.
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Bhattacharyya, Trisita, Debasmita Roy, Sunetra Chatterjee, Sharwat A. Querashi, and Tinni Dutta. "A Correlational Analysis of the Relationship between Perceived Peer Pressure and Decision Making in Adolescents." International Journal Of Scientific Advances 1, no. 3 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.51542/ijscia.v1i3.11.
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Adolescence is a stage of human development during which individuals are known to crave independence from authority figures and demonstrate an inclination to take their own decisions and solve their own problems. Since, research has shown that adolescents spend twice as much time with their peers than they do with their parents or other adults; we anticipated that a relationship is present between the peer pressure experienced by adolescents and their emerging decision making styles. Thus, this study was conducted, to explore the correlation between the decision making styles and perceived peer pressure of adolescents using a sample of 30 adolescents (17 males, 13 females), with ages varying from 14 to 17 years (m = 16.43). Data was collected using the ‘Adolescent Decision Making Questionnaire’, the ‘Perceived Peer Pressure Scale’ and a personal information form. It was observed that a significant positive correlation exists between the perceived peer pressure scores and the scores for panic, evasiveness and complacency patterns of decision making; implying that greater the peer pressure on a decision maker, greater is their inclination to resort to panic, evasive and complacent decision making styles.
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Dr Rejani T.G. "A Review on Teen Drug Use: Risks and Protective Factors." International Journal of Indian Psychology 2, no. 2 (March 25, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.25215/0202.027.
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Drug use and abuse among adolescence is a major issue in a society. Studies have tried to determine the origins and pathways of drug abuse and addiction—how the problem starts and how it progresses. . Many factors have been identified that help differentiate those more likely to abuse drugs from those less vulnerable to drug abuse. Factors associated with greater potential for drug abuse are called “risk” factors, while those associated with reduced potential for abuse are called “protective” factors (NIDA, 1997).Studies have reported various risk factors associated with drug use among adolescents such as early aggressive behavior, disinhibition, peer pressure, drug availability, poverty, substance abuse, lack of parental supervision, attitude towards drug use and intentions to use drugs, negative family atmosphere, school difficulties and psychopathology (Wong, Tang and Schwarzer,1996 ; Rumpold et al , 2011). Protective factors such as parental monitoring and peer support were found to be associated with less drug abuse (Vitaro, Tremblay and Zoccolillo, 1999; Eggert and Herting, 1991).
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Hsieh, Hsing-Fang, Justin E. Heinze, Elise Caruso, Briana A. Scott, Brady T. West, Ritesh Mistry, Andria B. Eisman, Shervin Assari, Anne Buu, and Marc A. Zimmerman. "The Protective Effects of Social Support on Hypertension Among African American Adolescents Exposed to Violence." Journal of Interpersonal Violence, October 27, 2020, 088626052096939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260520969390.
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African Americans develop hypertension earlier in life than Whites and the racial/ethnic disparities in blood pressure level can appear as early as adolescence. Violence victimization, a prevalent environmental stressor among inner-city youth, may play a role in such disparities. In a sample of inner-city youth in the United States, the current study examines the relationship between violence victimization and hypertension while investigating the role of social support in moderating that relationship. We analyzed eight waves of data from a longitudinal study of African American youth ( n = 353, 56.7% female) from mid-adolescence (9th grade, mean age = 14.9 years old) to emerging adulthood (mean age = 23.1 years old) using probit regression. Higher levels of self-reported violence victimization during ages 14–18 was associated with more reports of hypertension during ages 20–23, after adjusting for sex, socioeconomic status, substance use, and mental distress. The relationship of violence victimization with hypertension was moderated by friends’ support, but not parental support. The association between victimization and hypertension was weaker and non-significant among individuals with more peer support compared to those with less support. Researchers have reported many instances of associations of early violence exposure to later risk for hypertension; however, most have focused on childhood maltreatment or intimate partner violence. We extend these findings to violence victimization in an African American sample of youth from adolescence to early adulthood, while examining social support modifiers. The disparity in African American hypertension rates relative to Whites may partly be explained by differential exposure to violence. Our findings also suggest that having supportive friends when faced with violence can be beneficial for young adulthood health outcomes.
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Girmay, Alem, and Teklewoini Mariye. "Risky sexual behavior practice and associated factors among secondary and preparatory school students of Aksum town, northern Ethiopia, 2018." BMC Research Notes 12, no. 1 (October 26, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4714-1.
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Abstract Objective As adolescence is a stage in which human beings face once throughout a lifetime and it is the experimental period for this reason risky sexual behavior is common among young people, and it has several sexual and reproductive health consequences. But it doesn’t get enough attention the status of risky sexual behavior practice and factors’ contributing to it, so this study aimed to identify the prevalence of risky sexual behavior and factors associated with it. Results From the total respondents 115 (23.7%) had history of sexual intercourse and the mean age for sexual initiation is 15.48 ± 1.99 year. From whom 110 (98.2%) had sexual contact below the age of 18 and only 68 (60.8%) initiate first sex by their own willing. Overall 97 (19.6%) had practiced risky sexual behaviors. Students not facing peer pressure were 0.36 times less likely to develop risk sexual behavior (AOR = 0.357, 95% CI 0.172, 0.744).
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Siti Rara Oyi Pinasti. "Pengaruh Media Sosial Instagram Dalam Mengiklankan Makanan Cepat Saji dan Dampak Bagi Kesehatan Pada Remaja." INFOTECH journal, May 11, 2021, 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31949/infotech.v7i1.1064.
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Adolescent nutritional needs need to be considered because in adolescence there is rapid growth and development. Unhealthy eating habits affect adolescent nutritional intake, such as fast food consumed by teenagers. At a time when everything is modern, teenagers want everything to be fast, including in choosing food, namely fast food known to the public as junk food. Junk food is defined as junk food or food that does not have nutrients for the body. Junk food is not only wasteful, it can also be detrimental to health. Fast food comes from western countries which have high fat and calorie content. Many factors influence adolescents to eat fast food, discussed based on research articles and book references, including taste, price, a comfortable place, and peer influence. Fast food can increase the risk of several diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and blood lipid disorders or dyslipidemia. Obesity or overweight is experienced by children, adolescents, and adults. However, from obesity experienced by a person, it will increase a person's risk factors for suffering from other degenerative diseases, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, cancer, heart disease, and stroke.
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Adeolu, Josephine, Eme Owoaje, and Adesola Olumide. "Association between exposure to sexually explicit content in the electronic media and sexual intentions of in-school adolescents in Southwest Nigeria." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 30, no. 3 (October 14, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2016-0056.
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Abstract Background: Many adolescents are exposed to a significant amount of sexual content in the media. This has far-reaching effects on their sexual practices as this exposure is occurring at a period when most adolescents are often not sure of the choices to make, and the choices they make during adolescence affect their health when they become adults. The aim of this study was to assess the association between exposure of in-school adolescents to sexual content in the electronic media and their sexual intentions. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, information was obtained from 750 senior secondary school students in private and public schools using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Sexual media content in the movies, music video and Internet was assessed using a modified version of the sexual media diet tool. The dependent variable was sexual intention; the main independent variable was exposure to sexually explicit content in the media and confounders that were controlled for selected individual (age, sex, religiosity, self-esteem and attachment to parents), family (parents’ marital status, parents’ type of marriage, hands-on parenting and parent-adolescent communication on sex) and environmental factors (school connectedness and influence from peers) which were previously reported to be associated with sexual intentions of adolescents. Chi-square test was used to determine associations between sexual content of the electronic media and adolescents’ sexual intentions, and confounders were controlled for using logistic regression analysis. Results: Thirty-six percent of respondents were exposed to overtly explicit sexual content from all forms of media in the 3 months prior to this study. Twenty-four percent of the adolescents indicated their intention to have sex within 12 months following the study. Predictors of sexual intention were as follows: moderate [odds ratio, OR=2.21 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.22–3.99)] and high exposure to sexual content in the media [OR=3.02 (95% CI: 1.69–5.43]; attending a public school [OR=2.19 (95% CI: 1.26–3.83)]; moderate peer pressure [OR=2.36 (95% CI: 1.41–3.95)] and high peer pressure [OR=10.32 (95% CI: 2.94–36.31)]; and previous history of sexual intercourse [OR=3.89 (95% CI: 2.25–6.76)]. Conclusion: Many adolescents were exposed to sexually explicit content in the media and this had a strong association with sexual intention. Interventions to censor sexually explicit content in the media are required to protect adolescents from the consequences of early exposure to sex.