Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Peigne de fréquence atomique'
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Millo, Jacques. "Génération de signaux micro-ondes pour la métrologie à partir de références et de peignes de fréquences optiques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00637969.
Full textRuggiero, Jérôme. "Stocker et restituer un photon unique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551521.
Full textCollombon, Mathieu. "Résonance noire à trois photons sur un nuage d'ions calcium confinés." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0017.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis describes the complete experimental set-up and approach to realize three-photon coherent population trapping in a cloud of radiofrequency confined calcium ions. The realization of such a population trapping relies on a stringent conditions of the phase relationship between the three lasers involved in the interrogation process, and also their spectral linewidths. Our experimental approach is based on the optimization of the performance of a frequency-stabilized titanium-sapphirelaser at 411 THz (729nm) at the 10⁻¹⁴ level, in term of relative frequency uncertainties. This laser’s fre-quency stability is subsequently transfered to a optical frequency comb by means of a phase-locked loop. Then the two other lasers involved (866 nm and 794 nm) are phase-locked to the optical frequency combwith the same technique. This work describes the transfer method along with its measured performances. With all the three lasers sharing the same ultra-stable frequency reference we have been able to experi-mentally observe for the first time a 3-photon dark resonance in the fluorescence spectra of the 40 Ca⁺, signature of a coherent population trapping in a 3-photon scheme. The dependence of this resonance at experimental parameters, such as laser powers, laser detunings and local magnetic field, have been studied and are presented in this work. The preliminary results have allowed to explain the behaviour of the dark resonance and explored conditions for the use of the 3-photon dark line as a THz frequency standard
Le, Coq Yann. "Peignes de fréquences et mesures de frequences optiques." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00989992.
Full textLarouche, Steeve. "Autocorrection en interférométrie à double peigne avec deux lasers à fibres indépendants." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66337.
Full textRenaudat, Saint-Jean Margaux. "Laser à cascade quantique dans un guide micro-onde pour la réalisation d'un peigne de fréquence." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC094.
Full textQuantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are unipolar compact devices based on optical transitions in quantum wells between the quantized states of the conduction band. Their emission wavelength, easily tailored thanks to quantum engineering, can cover the entire range of the mid-infrared spectrum. The work presented in this thesis deals with the design and the study of new cavity architectures for the realization of a frequency comb. Aim of the work is to improve the stability and the control of the intermode frequency spacing of Fabry-Perot QCL emitting at 9 ktm. By merging microwave and semiconductor laser technologies, we demonstrate the generation of a stable frequency comb, integrating a microstrip line in the QCL cavity. A comparative study of the new architecture and standard design has been carried out. The stability of the spacing between the modes has been characterized by measuring the microwave component of the optical signal at the round-trip frequency of photons in the cavity (13. 7 GHz). Full width at half maximum of this signal is seventeen times lower than that measured for a standard QCL with similar optical power, evidence of improved stability in the optical cavity. Through the injection of a stable microwave signal at the round-trip frequency, we control and stabilize the frequency comb over a range of the order of MHz with an injected power of 10 mW. The performance of direct modulation of the devices has been also investigated : the measured bandpass of the microstrip laser is three times higher than the standard laser at 10 GHz
Yu, Wenhui. "Mesure de distance absolue utilisant l'interférométrie à balayage de longueur d'onde étalonnée par un peigne de fréquences." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAD005/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we implemented a high-precision absolute distance measurement (ADM) system using frequency sweeping interferometry (FSI). The FSI technique requires the frequency tuning range of the swept laser to be measured with high accuracy and precision, which is challenging due to the lack of an easy way to measure the high frequency of a laser in real time. In this thesis, a frequency comb has been used as the light frequency ruler for measuring the frequency tuning range of the sweeping laser. A frequency comb formed by a femtosecond laser consists millions of evenly spaced comb lines so that can be regarded as a light frequency ruler. The frequency calibration was realized by filtering the heterodyne signal between the sweeping laser and the comb lines using a narrow bandpass filter. This approach allows us to detect the calibration signal when the frequency of the sweeping laser is in the vicinity of a comb line. As the frequency interval between the comb lines space can be precisely measured or actively phase-locked against a stable radio-frequency (RF) oscillator, the tuning range of the sweeping laser could be measured with high accuracy. Especially, each two calibration peaks can be used in the calculation of distance, which we call sub-measurements in a single sweeping. Combined with the large number of the comb lines, averaging of the sub-measurements improves greatly the measurement precision without multiple sweeping. In the thesis, the condition of detecting and the characteristics of the heterodyne signal between the sweeping laser and the comb line are presented. A filter design for filtering the heterodyne signal is performed. A modeling work concerning the effect of the phase noise of lasers on the envelope distortion of the calibration peak has been presented. Experimental works based on the measurement concepts have been carried out. It shows that using the proposed measurement scheme can greatly improve the distance measurement precision. In one of the measurements, a precision of 30 nm for a distance around 0.8 m, corresponding to 37 ppb (part-per-billion) relative uncertainty has been achieved. The result was obtained based on a fringe counting signal processing method. The high precision was obtained thanks to the large number of sub-measurements and the stability of the evenly spaced comb lines. We have found that vibration measurement of the target can be also performed taking the advantage of the dense comb lines. A high sensitivity, limited by 1.7 nm noise RMS, of vibration measurement has been achieved. This result allows us to monitor the vibration of the target, which is an important issue of FSI technique
Walter, Benjamin. "Fabrication de micro-résonateurs haute fréquence pour la microscopie à force atomique sur des objets biologiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10168/document.
Full textHigh speed Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and its potential applications in nanobiotechnology need to increase the resonance frequency of the probes limited in the case of the usual cantilever to a few megahertz. The first chapter describes the state of the art of the AFM and focus on the potential of MEMS in this area. The second chapter treats of the conception of a sensor taking advantage of the high resonance frequency of a silicon bulk mode resonator integrating a nanotip fabricated in batch process. We describe in the next chapter the realization of MEMS-based AFM Nanoprobes with integrated in-plane nanotip and 80nm self-aligned capacitive transduction gaps. The probes are fabricated using a photolithographic process and deep reactive ion etching. Small gaps being critical to maximize the capacitive transduction, the self-aligned 80nm capacitive gaps are obtained by thermal oxidation of the resonator side walls and polysilicon refilling. A chemical wet etching defines the in-plane nanotip thanks to the selectivity between the silicon planes. The radius of the tip apex obtained is about 10-20nm.One probe, working at 11MHz and showing a Q factor of 1300 is optically and electrically fully characterized. The probe holder of a Multimode Veeco microscope is replaced by a dedicated circuit board supporting the MEMS probe. The sample is constituted by DNA origami which is bimolecular self-assembled structure programmed to form various geometric shapes. In this case, 50nm side and 2nm height squares of DNA deposited on mica surface are used. For this probe, the minimal detectable force is estimated at 5pN.Hz-1/2
Yang, Chun. "Développement d'un spectromètre térahertz haute résolution : application à la caractérisation de polluants atmosphériques." Littoral, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DUNK0283.
Full textThe work undertaken in this thesis is to develop a wide-band continuous-wave terahertz spectrometer able to cover 100% of the region extending from 0. 3 to 3. 3 THz. Two extended cavity laser diodes have been frequency stabilized, one to a saturated absorption feature of Rubidium and one to a low contrast Fabry-Perot etalon. This solution yielded a spectral purity of 2 MHz for a 10 ms gate time and an absolute frequency accuracy of 100 MHz. The collisional broadening coefficients of hydrogen cyanide with oxygen and nitrogen were measured. The resulting air-broadening coefficients have been included in the latest version of the HITRAN database. Subsequently a frequency metrology system was developed using a frequency comb and demonstrated an improved source spectral purity evaluated to be 200 kHz for a sweep time of 1 s. The estimated accuracy of absolute frequency is 100 kHz. The measurement of the frequencies of carbonyl sulfide has shown an improvement in the rotational molecular parameters. Several novel photomixer devices fabricated by the IEMN were also characterized in this work with encouraging results. Particularly the novel vertical design combined with a horn antenna showed excellent performance especially at high frequencies
Danet, Jean-Marie. "Horloge atomique à piégeage cohérent de population du césium en cellule : limitations à la stabilité de fréquence." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066192/document.
Full textThis report refers to the frequency stability study of a compact clock using coherent population trapping. The frame of such a study is firstly to deal in depth with the understanding of the systematic effects affecting the frequency of a coherent population trapping resonance. A second goal is to build a state-of-the-art compact atomic clock. Because of a pulsed interrogation and laser beams linearly and orthogonally polarized, our prototype would present a fractional frequency stability distinctly below 10^-13 at 1 s integration if it was shot-noise limited. Further to a setup description, the first part of this report is devoted to study the noise sources which limit the short-term stability of the clock. A special attention has been paid to model, experiment and reduce the transfer of local oscillator frequency noise and of laser intensity noise to microwave frequency noise. It led to measure an interesting stability measurement at the level of 3.2x10^-13 at 1 s. An experimental and theoretical study of the frequency shift due to laser intensity fluctuation is then presented. Beyond the influence on this shift of dark resonance overlapping that has been enlighted, this study gives the basics to understand the insensibilization method of the frequency to power fluctuations presented in the last chapter
Abgrall, Michel. "Evaluation des performances de la fontaine atomique PHARAO : participation à l'étude de l'horloge spatiale PHARAO." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003079.
Full textCai, Yin. "Quantum coherent control with an optical frequency comb." Thesis, Paris, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSU0030/document.
Full textMultimode squeezing plays an essential role in quantum informationprocessing and quantum metrology. Using optical frequency combs,we generate multi-temporal-mode state from a synchronouslypumped optical parametric oscillator (SPOPO). An on-demandquantum network simulator is developed using the SPOPO andultrafast pulse shaping; up-to-twelve-node cluster states and asix-partite quantum secret sharing protocol are experimentallyemulated with this simulator. Furthermore, frequency resolvedmultipixel detectors are employed, and used to realize aline-shape-eight-node cluster state. We also developed a multimodequantum spectrometer, which is able to exceed the standardquantum limit for measuring manifold parameters of ultrafast pulses
Pottie, Paul-Eric. "Etude du refroidissement laser en cellule : contribution au développement d'une horloge atomique miniature A 133 Cs." Paris 6, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006012.
Full textMurillo, Miguel Angel. "Etude et modification du transfert d'énergie dans les plasmas induits par haute-fréquence." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10084.
Full textZhang, Shougang. "Déplacement de fréquence dû au rayonnement du corps noir dans une fontaine atomique à césium et amélioration des performances de l'horloge." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007074.
Full textDucreux, Murielle. "Etude de l'ablation laser comme système d'introduction d'un spectromètre d'émission plasma induit par haute fréquence pour l'analyse des verres." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10254.
Full textCastanié, Fabien. "Approches numérique et théorique du microscope à force atomique : interaction, dynamique et imagerie." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1831/.
Full textThe atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful and versatile tool capable of imaging with a sub-nanoscale resolution, samples as inorganic materials surface with or without adsorbed molecules, and operating in environments ranging from ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) to solid/liquid interface. Among the different existing modes, the frequency-modulation mode of AFM (FM-AFM) provides remarkable results thanks to three control loops that influence self-consistently. In return, the understanding of the machine operation as well as the optimization of its settings appear tedious. Moreover, this difficulty is accentuated by the often complex interpretation related to specific phenomena at the nanoscale. To overcome these difficulties, the present thesis work consisted in the elaboration of a numerical AFM (n-AFM) from a program designed by L. Nony in C language. After a phase of implementation in Fortran 90 to ensure portability and compatibility with other scientific programs, new features have been developed. Among these, a coupling with a code of molecular dynamics (MD) was performed to consider the effects of temperature and relaxation of the imaged system. These n-AFM developments helped implement various regimes and working modes through the study of several systems. First, adsorbed bi- and tri-dimensional molecules helped to test the sensitivity and the stability of the n-AFM simulating a classical cantilever and tuning fork. Second, the surface reconstruction 6H-SiC (3X3) was studied using the MD and then the n-AFM. Experimental images of this reconstruction show an atypical behavior that we tried to understand and explain. Finally, the use of the n-AFM has been extended to other areas than the study of surfaces and molecules. In particular, we modeled and studied the influence of a defect on the walls of a nano-tip oscillating at the air/liquid interface with FM-AFM. Finally, we studied the influence on the behavior of a AFM in amplitude modulation mode (tapping mode) of liquid nano-films on the tip-substrate system surface
Chartier, Frédéric. "Etude et caractérisation du couplage ablation laser-plasma H. F. (I. C. P. ) : application à l'analyse par spectrométrie d'émission atomique." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10102.
Full textMakdissi, Alaa. "Traitement de Signal Appliqué aux Etalons Primaires de Fréquence : Amélioration de leur Exactitude et de leur Stabilité." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011625.
Full textL'obtention de ces bons résultats est liée à la maîtrise des fuites micro-ondes grâce à la conception et à la réalisation d'une cavité de Ramsey. La bonne exactitude est due aux nouvelles techniques de traitement du signal (problèmes inverses, régularisation. analyse cepstrale, ...) que nous avons introduites pour mieux évaluer les effets perturbateurs. La bonne stabilité profite de l'étude détaillée du système d'asservissement dans une horloge ainsi que de la réalisation matérielle et logicielle d'une boucle d'asservissement numérique de haute qualité.
Chalopin, Benoît. "Optique quantique multimode : des images aux impulsions." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00431648.
Full textGaltier, Sandrine. "Spectroscopie haute précision de la transition 1S-3S de l'atome d'hydrogène en vue d'une détermination du rayon du proton." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066554/document.
Full textThe uncertainty of the Quantum Electrodynamics calculations for hydrogen atom is currently limited by the knowledge of the Rydberg constant and the proton charge radius. Those two quantities can be extracted from the comparison between the theoretical predictions and two different frequency measurements on hydrogen.The 1S-2S transition frequency is one measured with the highest resolution with a relative uncertainty of 10-15. The aim of this thesis is to improve the determination of the 1S-3S transition, which can be used as the second precise measurement. The 1S-3S two-photon transition is excited at 205 nm. This UV light beam is generated by frequency mixing in a non-linear crystal. An 894 nm light delivered by a Ti:Sa laser is mixed with a 266 nm light beam generated by a quadrupled Nd:YVO4 laser. A reliable 15 mW continuous radiation at 205 nm is then produced. The frequencies of both lasers are measured simultaneously using an optical frequency comb referenced to a cesium clock. To evaluate the second-order Doppler effect, the velocity distribution of the atomic beam is determined thanks to a motional Stark effect. This effect is realized with a static magnetic field which induces a velocity-dependent quadratic frequency shift. Finally, the frequency of the 1S-3S transition is determined with a relative uncertainty of 10-12 which is accurate enough to contribute to the “proton size puzzle”. However, depending on the velocity distribution used in the analysis, the obtained value agrees or not with the present recommended CODATA value
Coget, Grégoire. "Horloge atomique Cs à piégeage cohérent de population avec protocole d’interrogation Auto-Balanced Ramsey." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCD064/document.
Full textThis thesis reports a high-performance Cs vapor cell atomic based on coherent population trapping (CPT). This clock combines a DFB diode laser (895 nm, Cs D1 line), a fibred electro-optical modulator, an acousto-optical modulator, a Michelson system, FPGA-based low noise electronics and a N2-Ar buffer gas filled Cs vapor cell. The clock is based on an optimized CPT pumping scheme, named push-pull optical pumping (PPOP), allowing the detection of high-contrast CPT resonances.The clock uses a novel pulsed interrogation protocol named Auto-Balanced Ramsey (ABR). This method is based on the extraction of two error signals derived from two successive Ramsey sequences with different dark periods. The ABR-CPT protocol, improved further with symmetrization (SABR-CPT), allows a drastic reduction of light-shifts effects, yielding in particular to reduce the sensitivity of the clock frequency to laser power variations by a factor 80, in comparison with a standard Ramsey-CPT interrogation. This clock CPT demonstrates a fractional frequency stability of 2 10-13 τ -1/2, reaching the record level (for this kind of clock) of 2.5 10-15 at 10 000 s. Annex laser spectroscopy studies in Cs microfabricated cells were performed in this thesis. We shall note the preliminary demonstration of a laser frequency-stabilized using dual-frequency sub-Doppler spectroscopy in a Cs microcell, exhibiting a fractional frequency stability better than 2 10-12 at 1 s. These performances are 10 times better than those of microwave CPT-based chip-scale atomic clocks
Diaz, De Rodriguez Olga. "Détermination des interférences spectrales en spectrométrie d'émission atomique de plasma induit par haute fréquence en vue de l'analyse des éléments traces et mineurs en présence de majeurs." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10125.
Full textChapelet, Frédéric. "Fontaine atomique double de césium et de rubidium avec une exactitude de quelques 1E-16 et applications." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112094.
Full textAtomic fountains are the most accomplished development of atomic clocks based on the cesium atom whose hyperfine resonance defines the SI second since 1967. Today these systems are among those which realize the second with the best accuracy. We present the last developments of the cold cesium and rubidium atom dual fountain experiment at LNE-SYRTE. This unique dual setup would allow obtaining an outstanding resolution in fundamental physics tests based on atomic transition frequency comparisons. In order to enable operation with both atomic species simultaneously, we have designed, tested and implemented on the fountain new collimators which combine the laser lights corresponding to each atom. By comparing our rubidium fountain to another cesium fountain over a decade, we performed a test of the stability of the fine structure constant at the level of 5E-16 per year. We carried on the work on the clock accuracy and we focused on the phase gradients effects in the interrogation cavity and on the microwave leakage. The fountain accuracy has been evaluated to 4E-16 for the cesium clock and to 5E-16 for the refurbished rubidium clock. As a powerful instrument of metrology, our fountain was implicated in many clock comparisons and contributed many times to calibrate the International Atomic Time. Furthermore, we used the fountain to perform a new test of Lorentz local invariance
Hermann, Virgile. "Conception et réalisation d'une horloge atomique à jet de césium compacte et simplifiée pour des applications de télécommunication et de navigation par satellites." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066442.
Full textChassagne, Luc. "Amélioration de l'exactitude d'une horloge atomique compacte à jet de césium pompé optiquement." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001358.
Full textDans ce but nous avons étudié et réalisé une horloge compacte à deux jets de césium. Dans la première partie du mémoire sont présentés le résonateur atomique de faible encombrement, et la cavité de Ramsey courte qui en est le c?ur. La cavité de Ramsey est une cavité micro-onde à deux zones d'interaction, rigoureusement réglée à 9,192 GHz. L'importance de ses propriétés est précisée, notamment l'influence du déphasage résiduel entre les deux zones d'interaction.
Puis l'étude théorique de ce déphasage et de ses conséquences sur les signaux délivrés par l'horloge - la frange de Ramsey et la fréquence d'horloge - est effectuée. Plusieurs méthodes de mesure de ce déphasage sont alors déduites de cette analyse.
La présentation des mesures du déphasage effectuées une fois le résonateur assemblé fait l'objet de la seconde moitié du manuscrit. La méthode traditionnelle appliquée à tous les étalons primaires de fréquence est la méthode par renversement de jet ; elle demeure dans notre résonateur compact la plus précise et la plus fiable. La seconde méthode utilisant des mesures de la fréquence d'horloge dans différentes conditions de fonctionnement s'avère délicate à appliquer sur une horloge compacte et ses limites sont analysées.
Finalement, les différents déplacements de fréquence significatifs sur ce type d'horloge font l'objet d'une étude expérimentale systématique. Un bilan de fréquence complet pour ce type d'horloge en est déduit. Le déplacement de fréquence dû au déphasage de la cavité reste l'effet limitatif pour l'exactitude en fréquence. On montre cependant que la seconde méthode de mesure permet d'obtenir une exactitude en fréquence inférieure à 10-12.
Pottie, Paul-Eric. "Etude du refroidissement laser en cellule : contribution au développement d´une horloge atomique miniature à Cs133." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006012.
Full textChanteau, Bruno. "Transfert à très haute résolution d'une référence de fréquence ultra-stable par lien optique et application à la stabilisation d'un laser moyen infra-rouge." Thesis, Paris 13, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA132054.
Full textThis manuscript details the transfer of an ultra-stable optical frequency reference by means of an optical link and its application to the phase-lock of a mid-infared laser. An optical fiber link allows the ultra-stable transfer of a frequency by using a scheme wich compensates the propagation noise. We extended this system to longer links, and transferred the optical frequency reference simultaneously witn internet data. A cascaded link of 300 km and a simple link of 540 km had been demonstrated with a stability of 10⁻ ¹⁹ at 10⁴ s. Such a link as been used to lock a CO² laser at LPL, emitting at 10 µm, to a frequency reference developed at LNE-SRTE, Observatoire de Paris. This reference is an ultra-stable laser, emitting at 1.54 µm, the frequency of wich is measured against the primary standards of LNE-SYRTE by using a femtosecond laser. This reference is tranferred by an optical link to LPL, in order to stabilize the repetition rate of a second femtosecondlaser and to measure or control the frenquency of a CO² laser. When the CO² laser is locked to a molecular reference (OsO₄), the stability is 4.10⁻¹⁴ at 1s. The performances are even better when the CO² laser is locked directly to the optical reference. Then the laser coulb be used for the experiment of observation of the parity violation in chiral molecules, in progress at LPL. This shows the feasability of high resolution molecular spectroscopy experiments in laboratoratories in wich there is no primary standards
Tricot, Francois. "Analyse et réduction des sources d'instabilitè de fréquence dans une horloge CPT compacte." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS037/document.
Full textThis thesis work has been granted by a CIFRE-Défense contract to study the frequency stabilities of an atomic clock based on coherent population trapping. The objective is to demonstrate a frequency stability in the range of 10-13 tau-1/2 up to 10 000 s. A caesium vapour cell is used with a high-contrast excitation scheme using cross linear polarisations and a Ramsey interrogation. The short-term frequency stability is presented with the reduction of the phase and the laser power noise, both limiting clock performance at 1 s integration time. The optimisation of the microwave chain with a new local oscillator, and the implementation of a very low noise power lock loop have improved the frequency stability down to 2,3x10-13 at 1 s integration time. The fluctuations analysis of the operating parameters (laser intensity, magnetic field, temperature, etc.) and the measurement of the clock frequency show that the medium-term frequency instability is mostly limited by laser power and magnetic field fluctuations at the level of 2x10-14 at 2 000 s integration time. These analyses also show that laser power fluctuations, despite servo loop control, are related to polarisation fluctuations through temperature fluctuations inside the experiment isolation box. Finally, the studies of a dual-frequency and dual-polarisation laser for a compact CPT clock are presented, paving the way to industrialisation by reducing the optical bench
Hamel, Alain. "Propriétés d'un résonateur atomique à jet de césium pompé optiquement et à structure de champ longitudinale." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112204.
Full textLn this thesis, we study from the experimental and theoretical point of view, the clock signal characteristics delivered by a single-laser optically pumped cesium beam resonator. Our new resonator CSIII has been designed in order to avoid drawbacks due to Hanle effect which had arisen with our previous resonator CSII. Several parts have been significantly improved in order to get full benefit from optical pumping advantages. Ln the first part we examine some interesting aspects of the operation of cesium beam resonator i-e : - Determination of Hanle effect free experimental conditions; - Very low C-field resonance; - Experimental study of velocity distribution in the atomic beam; - Observance of extra resonances on the Rabi pedestal. Ln the second part, we determine owing to rate equation the theoretical signal to noise ratio assuming that no extra noise is brought by the laser. We take into account the effect of optical collecting efficiency. These theoretical predictions are compared with experiments on our resonator CSIll. Ln the last part we have measured the short term stability. Ln conclusion, this study clearly shows that optical pumping allows an improvement of cesium atomic clock performances using a single conventional laser diode configuration. Optical pumping is performed this way in our resonator and reaches its theoretical limitations for usual atomic fluxes
Carre, Martine. "Etude et amélioration du rapport signal sur bruit d'un spectromètre d'émission atomique à source plasma induit par haute fréquence à des fins d'analyse élémentaire." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10128.
Full textDubuisson, Cendrine. "Etude des performances analytiques d'un plasma à couplage inductif ICP observé axialement en spectrométrie d'émission." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10263.
Full textChomet, Sylvie. "Etude d’interférences liées à la présence d’éléments alcalins dans le plasma H. F. D'analyse." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0069.
Full text[Alkaline elements are known to produce interferences when analysis are realised with an inductively coupled plasma. Their presence in samples can change analyte signals and leads to non negligible errors in analytical results, in atomic emission spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy as well. Authors who studied this problem, do not agree with nature of the matrix effect because observed phenomena appear sometimes inconsistent. Thus, alkaline perturbation is often connected to their quality of easily ionised elements. A comparative study of effects induced by the presence of alkaline elements (Na, Cs and Rb) on a large concentration scale -10exp-4 to 10 exp-1 mol/1- in solutions (of Ca, Mg and Sr, Ba) has been performed in inductively coupled argon plasmas by optical spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy. Perturbations at low alkaline concentrations (10exp-4 mol/1, corresponding to a molar concentration ratio 1 : 1 to the analyte) have been noted. On the other hand, we have underlined that the interference amplitude depends, especially at lower concentrations, on plasma/ generator impedance matching. Observed phenomena, similar for mass and optical detections, show that alkaline element effects occur during sample volatilization/atomization phase i. E. During the thermal step. It appears that the influence of alkaline elements is linked to their great collisional cross sectians, a characteristic associated to an increase of the plasma thermal conductivity. ]
Romero, de Navarro Xiomara. "Possibilités et limitations de l'étalonnage interne en spectrométrie d'émission plasma (ICP)." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10057.
Full textVian, Céline. "Comparaison directe de fontaines atomiquesau niveau de 2X10-16 : tests de la cavité de vol de PHARAO." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066551.
Full textBillault, Vincent. "Dynamique et applications des boucles optiques à décalage de fréquence pour l'optique hyperfréquence et la métrologie." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALY036.
Full textOver the past decades, frequency shifting loops have shown unprecedented performances in the field of microwave photonics. A detailed understanding of the particular architectures represents an essential step in their optimization regarding the targeted applications. The objectives of this thesis are to provide a dynamic description of frequency shifting loops, and to study in depth their use in two concrete cases of applications: the generation of pulses with high repetition rate and low phase noise, and the generation of chirps with large bandwidth.We have studied theoretically and experimentally the formation of the frequency comb in the transient regime of frequency shifting loops, as well as the stability of the pulse train emitted by the loop in the stationary state. Understanding the phenomena and mechanisms involved in the two models developed based respectively on the rate equation of the laser and the noise transfer function of the loop, allow us to propose different solutions to optimize the architecture of frequency shifting loops.Eventually, we have proposed two applications for which we have shown the advantages of frequency shifting loops: optically-assisted sampling of wideband radiofrequency signals, as well as optical metrology such as telemetry or optical sensors
Savalli, Véronique. "Etude à haute résolution de la spécularité d'un miroir atomique à onde évanescente." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006717.
Full textAlmi, Abdenbi. "Etude et optimisation des performances d'un plasma H. F pour la détection en ligne d'aérosols métalliques dans l'air : analyse de l'influence de l'argon sur la détection." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30190.
Full textChapelet, Frédéric. "Fontaine atomique double de césium et de rubidium avec une exactitude de quelques 10^-16 et applications." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00319950.
Full textQuessada-Vial, Audrey. "Développement d'une horloge optique à atomes de strontium piégés : réalisation d'un laser ultra-stable et stabilité de fréquence." Paris 6, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009538.
Full textKozlova, Olga. "Caractérisation d'une horloge à piégeage cohérent de population dans une vapeur thermique de césium. Principaux effets pouvant affecter la stabilité de fréquence à moyen-long terme." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00669784.
Full textCourtillot, Irene. "Première observation de la transition fortement interdite 1S0-3P0 du strontium, pour une horloge optique à atomes piégés." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004039.
Full textGuymont, Olivier. "Mise au point et caractérisation d'une source d'oxygène atomique : application au dépôt de couches minces supraconducteurs à haute température critique obtenues par pulvérisation cathodique." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10317.
Full textDesruelle, Bruno. "Evaporation par radio-fréquence et condensation de bose-Einstein d'un gaz d'alcalins en régime de champ fort." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1999. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00716029.
Full textLi, Mingdong. "Etude et réalisation de sources stables microondes à base de résonateur BAW pour micro-horloge atomique au Césium." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10006/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study different topologies of low phase noise oscillator as well as a frequency synthesizer at 4.6 GHz for the application of Cs vapor microcell atomic clock. We have studied 7 topologies of low-phase-noise oscillators combined with BAW resonator and 0.25μm SiGe:C BiCMOS Technology from ST Microroelectronics at 2.1 GHz, which present the stat of the art performances. An experimental comparison of these different topologies confirmed the theoretical results. In particular, experimental results showed that the differential topology has better performance in phase noise and is less sensitive to the noise from power supply compared to the single-ended topologies. Finally, a Double-differential-Colpitts topology was proposed, because it was theoretically possible to obtain performance beyond the state of the art in phase noise and in size. Different architectures of frequency synthesizer at 4.6 GHz were studied. We have realized a frequency synthesizer in which a DDS controlled by a FPGA was used. To get good performance in terms of purity of the spectrum, different commercial circuits constituting the frequency synthesis were finely characterized. Finally, the proposed architecture has been used within a completed Cs vapor microcell atomic clock. We got a signal locked with a stability of 2.5 10 – 9 at 1second
Trémine, Stéphane. "Etude du refroidissement laser d'atomes de césium 133 dans un champ de speckle 3D et réalisation d'une horloge atomique compacte." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066133/document.
Full textThe HORACE project consists in the development of a high-performance compact atomic clock based on isotropic laser cooling of 133Cs atoms, targeting the needs for on-board clocks. In order to minimize the clock size, the entire clock sequence is performed inside one interaction zone only, including atomic cooling, preparation, interrogation and detection. This is made possible with a microwave interrogation cavity that is both resonant at the clock transition frequency, and used as an integrating sphere for the cooling light as well. This thesis work is mainly dedicated to the experimental study of the atomic cooling in the 3D speckle field generated inside the cavity. By limiting the cooling sequence to a capture phase, about 3x108 atoms can be cooled to kinetic temperatures lower than 60 microkelvins. Besides, we show that an inhomogeneous optical energy repartition in the cavity leads us to perform the sub-Doppler cooling phase in 2 steps. Despite random polarization change from one speckle grain to another, the atomic cooling dynamics observed in the sub-Doppler regime is similar to the one observed in conventional optical lattices. The last part of this thesis is devoted to the metrological aspect where the entire clock sequence is demonstrated for the first time at the same place. The fractional frequency stability of 2x10-13-1/2 should be reached on Earth
Vanderbruggen, Thomas. "Détection non-destructive pour l'interférométrie atomique et Condensation de Bose-Einstein dans une cavité optique de haute finesse." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00702905.
Full textHemmerlin, Michel. "Etude et développement du couplage ablation laser - spectrométrie plasma (ICP) pour l'analyse élémentaire in situ des additifs dans les matières plastiques." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10147.
Full textQuessada-Vial, Audrey. "Developpement d'une horloge à atomes de strontium piégés : Réalisation d'un laser ultra-stable et stabilité de fréquence." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009538.
Full textBouloc, Jeremy. "Système de contrôle pour microscope à force atomique basé sur une boucle à verrouillage de phase entièrement numérique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4307/document.
Full textAn atomic force microscope (AFM) is used to characterize insulating materials or semiconductors with a resolution up to the atomic length scale. The microscope includes a force sensor linked to a control electronic in order to properly characterize these materials. Among the various modes (static and dynamic), we focus mainly on the dynamic mode and especially on the frequency modulation mode (FM-AFM). In this mode, the force sensor is maintained as a harmonic oscillator by the servo system. The research project ANR Pnano2008 entitled: "metal piezoresistivity silicon carbide cantilever for very high frequency dynamic AFM" aims to significantly increase the performance of a FM-AFM by developing new very high frequency force sensors. The goal is to increase the sensitivity of the sensor and to decrease the time necessary to obtain topography images of the material. The control system of this new sensor must be able to detect frequency variations as small as 100mHz for cantilevers with resonance frequencies up to 50MHz. Since the state-of-the-art systems doe not present these performances, the objective of this thesis was to develop a new control system. It is fully digital and it is implemented on a FPGA based prototyping board. In this report, we present the system overall functioning and its main features which are related to the cantilever resonant frequency detection. This detection is managed by a phase locked loop (PLL) which is the key element of the system