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Journal articles on the topic 'Pellagra Niacin Vitamin B3 Deficiency Anorexia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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1

Dr., G. Sri Manjula, D.V. Ramanjaneyulu, E. Muralinath, et al. "Etiology, Pathophysiology, Histpathophysiology of Niacin Deficiency and Risk Factors for Developing Niacin Deficiency." Journal of Research and Reviews in Dental Sciences 1, no. 2 (2024): 25–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13822652.

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<em>Niacin (vitamin B3) deficiency results in a condition known as pellagra. Pellagra includes the triad of dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea and can result in death. In addition, niacin deficiency can occur through genetic disorders, malabsorptive conditions, and interaction with certain medications. Today, niacin deficiencies are uncommon in industrialized nations primarily due to sufficient dietary intake; however, specific populations remain at risk of this mostly eradicated condition. Today, niacin deficiencies are uncommon in industrialized nations primarily due to sufficient dietary in

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Rushiti Mehmeti, Kujtime, Ivana Dimoska, Nevenka Adjievska, Nora Pollozhani, Natasha Icokaeva Jakovljevikj, and Katerina Damevska. "PELLAGRA-LIKE DERMATITIS - A CASE REPORT." Academic Medical Journal 5, no. 1 (2025): 181–86. https://doi.org/10.53582/amj2551181rm.

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Pellagra-like dermatitis refers to a skin condition resembling the dermatologic manifestations of pellagra, which is a systemic disease resulting from niacin (vitamin B3) deficiency. Vitamin B3 is needed for several metabolic processes, cell signaling and DNA repair. This condition is characterized by a photosensitive rash that typically affects sun-exposed areas. The classic skin changes include symptoms known as the 4Ds: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia and death. The main causes of pellagra are: nutritional deficiency of niacin, restrictive diets, chronic alcoholism, gastrointestinal malabsor

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3

Prousky, Jonathan, Christine G. Millman, and James B. Kirkland. "Pharmacologic Use of Niacin." Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine 16, no. 2 (2011): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156587211399579.

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Niacin is required for a host of critical redox and adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation reactions in metabolism. Niacin deficiency leads to the distinctive signs and symptoms of pellagra, but these can happen in an unpredictable progression and can be altered in patients with polymorphisms in any of the hundreds of niacin-dependent enzymes. The symptomatology of niacin deficiency is becoming a forgotten knowledge base, and niacin deficiency is likely underdiagnosed. Additionally, high levels of niacin and niacinamide have pharmacological effects distinct from their role as sources of vitamin B3

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4

George, Neethu Mary, and Amruthavalli Potlapati. "Dyssebacea: a feature that points to an underlying pellagra." International Journal of Research in Dermatology 7, no. 1 (2020): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20205611.

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<p>Niacin (vitamin B3) is a B complex vitamin whose deficiency leads to pellagra, a condition with characteristic cutaneous, gastrointestinal and neurological features. In the western world, it is almost eradicated due to fortification of flour with niacin. In developing countries, it is commonly seen in low socioeconomic group of population or in areas where corn or maize is a staple diet and it generally affect adults. The role of niacin has also been detected in various non dermatological conditions like hypertension apart from its dermatological uses. Its deficiency can easily be mis

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5

Nyangu, Sarah, MARY KAGUJJE, PATRICK LUNGU, KELVIN ZIMBA, LOPHINA CHILUKUTU, and MONDE MUYOYETA. "The use of Neurobion® Forte in the Treatment of Pellagra in an adult on anti-TB treatment: A case report from Lusaka, Zambia." Medical Journal of Zambia 48, no. 1 (2021): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.48.1.757.

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Abstract The deficiency of Niacin and/or its precursor amino acid, Tryptophan can result in a disease called Pellagra. Isoniazid (INH), a key drug used in tuberculosis (TB) treatment has been associated with pellagra particularly in developing nations where poor nutritional status is highly prevalent among its people.We report a case of pellagra with classical dermatological manifestations (hyperpigmented skin lesions around the neck), on the face, and external surfaces of the upper limbs) in a black African HIV negative adult female, on TB treatment for 11 weeks managed with a combo of

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Nyangu, Sarah, Mary Kagujje, Patrick Lungu, Kevin M. Zimba, Lophina Chilukutu, and Monde Muyoyeta. "The use of Neurobion Forte in the Treatment of Pellagra in an adult on anti-TB treatment: A case report from Lusaka, Zambia." Medical Journal of Zambia 48, no. 1 (2021): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.48.1.57.

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The deficiency of Niacin and/or its precursor amino acid, Tryptophan can result in a disease called Pellagra. Isoniazid (INH), a key drug used in tuberculosis (TB) treatment has been associated with pellagra particularly in developing nations where poor nutritional status is highly prevalent among its people.We report a case of pellagra with classical dermatological manifestations (hyperpigmented skin lesions around the neck), on the face, and external surfaces of the upper limbs) in a black African HIV negative adult female, on TB treatment for 11 weeks managed with a combo of Vitamin B1 - 10

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7

Aoki, Hanako, Toshiki Uchihara, and Yoshinori Ito. "Possible Coexistence of Pellagra in a Malnourished Patient with Seizure and Multiple Cerebrovascular Foci: A Case Report." Reports 8, no. 2 (2025): 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/reports8020062.

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Background and Clinical Significance: Pellagra is caused by a chronic deficiency of niacin (vitamin B3 or nicotinic acid): it is rare in developed countries, where the major risk factors are chronic alcoholism and intestinal malabsorption. Although it typically presents three main symptoms, dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia, some cases do not show these classic symptoms. Case Presentation: We report a case of a malnourished patient with seizure and multiple cerebrovascular foci, in whom a postmortem autopsy revealed the findings of pellagra. The patient had atypical symptoms of seizure as pel

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8

Rivadeneira, Ana, Patricia Moyer, and Justin D. Salciccioli. "Pellagra in the USA: unusual manifestations of a rare entity." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 9 (2019): e230972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-230972.

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The case involves a 62-year-old female native of the USA with a history of bipolar disorder and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who presented with intractable diarrhoea. Prior to the index admission, she was admitted to the intensive care unit and required pericardiocentesis for an idiopathic pericardial effusion with tamponade physiology. Following discharge, she suffered intractable diarrhoea and represented for medical evaluation. She had a painful, swollen tongue as well as persistent hypoglycaemia and required glucose infusions. She had adrenal function testing which revealed adrena

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9

Sallabi, Sundus M., Aishah Alhmoudi, Manal Alshekaili, and Iltaf Shah. "Determination of Vitamin B3 Vitamer (Nicotinamide) and Vitamin B6 Vitamers in Human Hair Using LC-MS/MS." Molecules 26, no. 15 (2021): 4487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154487.

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Water-soluble B vitamins participate in numerous crucial metabolic reactions and are critical for maintaining our health. Vitamin B deficiencies cause many different types of diseases, such as dementia, anaemia, cardiovascular disease, neural tube defects, Crohn’s disease, celiac disease, and HIV. Vitamin B3 deficiency is linked to pellagra and cancer, while niacin (or nicotinic acid) lowers low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides in the blood and increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL). A highly sensitive and robust liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectroscopy (LC/MS-MS) method was

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10

Parikh, Disha, and Smita Panse. "Pellagra induced psychosis: a rare presentation." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 4 (2019): 1364. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20191353.

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Pellagra is a nutritional deficiency disease associated with low levels of niacin (vitamin B3). Neuropsychiatric symptoms are rare and are difficult to be diagnosed by clinicians in a timely manner. A 35 years old male was brought with complaints of generalized weakness, decreased appetite and work impairment since past 4 years. Scaly and itching skin rashes have also been present since 3 months followed by hearing voices, suspiciousness and agitated behaviour since one month. On examination, he had pruritic skin rashes over hands which extended over face and neck. His diet comprised mainly of

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11

Boo, Yong Chool. "Mechanistic Basis and Clinical Evidence for the Applications of Nicotinamide (Niacinamide) to Control Skin Aging and Pigmentation." Antioxidants 10, no. 8 (2021): 1315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081315.

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Vitamin B3 (nicotinic acid, niacin) deficiency causes the systemic disease pellagra, which leads to dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and possibly death depending on its severity and duration. Vitamin B3 is used in the synthesis of the NAD+ family of coenzymes, contributing to cellular energy metabolism and defense systems. Although nicotinamide (niacinamide) is primarily used as a nutritional supplement for vitamin B3, its pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical uses have been extensively explored. In this review, we discuss the biological activities and cosmeceutical properties of nicotinamide in con

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12

Sadarat, Fnu, Tehseen Haider, and Hilary I. Hertan. "S2851 Pellagra (Niacin – Vitamin B3 Deficiency) as a Cause of Chronic Diarrhea in a Patient With Soap Ingestion." American Journal of Gastroenterology 115, no. 1 (2020): S1492. http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/01.ajg.0000713452.70446.59.

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13

Wawrzyńczak, Agata, Izabela Nowak, and Agnieszka Feliczak-Guzik. "SBA-15- and SBA-16-Functionalized Silicas as New Carriers of Niacinamide." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 24 (2023): 17567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417567.

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Amorphous silica as a food additive (E 551) is used in food materials (e.g., sweeteners, dairy products) for its anti-caking properties. The physicochemical properties of SiO2 also make it suitable to serve as a carrier of active substances in functional foods, dietary supplements, and drugs. Deficiency of niacinamide (vitamin B3, niacin) leads to several pathologies in the nervous system and causes one of the nutritional diseases called pellagra. The present study focuses on the use of hybrid ordered mesoporous silicas (SBA-15/SBA-16) functionalized with amino groups introduced through grafti

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14

Najoua, Ammar Ikram Amira, and Meziane and Karima Senouci Mariame. "PELLAGRA: A RARE COMPLICATION OF ANOREXIANERVOSA." September 28, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7229233.

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Althoughpellagraappears to be a rare entitynow, itcanstilldevelop. It is important to recognize how the diseasemanifests to ensureproper and prompt treatment.Wepresenta case of pellagrasecondary to anorexianervosa in a 25-year-old woman.  

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15

Munagama, Chathuri Lakna, and Shehan Silva. "Atypical presentation of pellagra with black urine: A clinical conundrum." SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 12 (January 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050313x241266558.

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Niacin (Vitamin B3) plays a crucial role as a vitamin in cellular energy production, metabolism, and DNA repair. A severe deficiency of this vitamin can lead to pellagra, which is characterized by dermatitis, dementia, diarrhoea and eventually death if untreated. A 68-year-old woman with a poor socioeconomic background presented with photosensitive dermatitis, fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhoea. Her urine changed to port wine colour following sun exposure. Porphyria cutanea tarda was excluded in the absence of demonstrable urine spectrophotometry. A diagnosis of pellagra was made, and timely

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16

Viljoen, Margaretha, Priyesh Bipath, and Cheryl Tosh. "Pellagra in South Africa from 1897 to 2019: a scoping review." Public Health Nutrition, March 26, 2021, 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980021001336.

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Abstract Objective: Pellagra is a nutritional deficiency disease associated with niacin (vitamin B3) deficiency. The history of pellagra is well documented for Europe and the USA, but less is known about the prevalence in sub-Saharan African countries. This study documents the history of pellagra in South Africa, as diagnosed based on dermatological symptoms. Design: Scoping review of information from scientific databases, library archives, other archives and record services and from Statistics South Africa. Setting: South Africa, 1897–2019. Participants: South African. Results: Pellagra was f

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17

Nabity, Scott A., Kelvin Mponda, Steve Gutreuter, et al. "Protocol for a Case-Control Study to Investigate the Association of Pellagra With Isoniazid Exposure During Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment Scale-Up in Malawi." Frontiers in Public Health 8 (November 26, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.551308.

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Background: Pellagra is caused by niacin (vitamin B3) deficiency and manifested by a distinctive dermatitis. Isoniazid is critical for treating tuberculosis globally and is a component of most regimens to prevent tuberculosis. Isoniazid may contribute to pellagra by disrupting intracellular niacin synthesis. In 2017, Malawian clinicians recognized a high incidence of pellagra-like rashes after scale-up of isoniazid preventive treatment (IPT) to people living with HIV (PLHIV). This increase in pellagra incidence among PLHIV coincided with a seasonal period of sustained food insecurity in the re

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18

Balamurugesan, Kandan, Rajangam Ponprabha, and Prem Davis. "Common nutritional deficiency with unusual site of presentation." Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 33, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s43162-020-00031-y.

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Abstract Background Pellagra is a nutritional disorder due to deficiency of vitamin B3 (niacin) which is characterized by dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, and death. The most common site of dermatitis in pellagra is the Casal necklace; however, in this case, the presentation of dermatitis is in unusual sites. Therefore, mucocutaneous signs play a major role in diagnosing the condition. The clinical features of pellagra begin with gastrointestinal symptoms followed by neurological symptoms which are subtle and non-specific. But if misdiagnosed and untreated, it can progress to death from multior

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19

Carrara, Nicola, Gregorio Dal Sasso, Anna Addis, et al. "Evidence of Pellagra on 19th Century Human Crania From Northern Italy by Combining Stable Isotope and Paleopathological Analyses." International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, March 5, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3400.

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ABSTRACTPellagra is a disease caused by a nutritional deficiency, with fatal outcome due to multiple‐organ failure, that affected European rural areas until the early decades of the 20th century, especially Veneto region (Italy). At the skeletal level, previous studies pointed out that pathological signs left by the disease are generic and typical of many forms of avitaminosis, not useful to recognize the deaths by pellagra in archaeological contests. Here, a detailed paleopathological study was conducted on skulls of individuals dating to the late 19th‐early 20th century, for which the health

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