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Journal articles on the topic 'Pelleting line'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Tang, Yong Jun, Chun Mu Chen, and Guan Wang. "Temperature On-Line Measured in Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Pelleting Cellulosic Biomass." Applied Mechanics and Materials 151 (January 2012): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.151.245.

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Cellulosic biofuels have been proposed to replace part of traditional liquid transportation fuels. Cellulosic biomass is the feedstock in cellulosic biofuel manufacturing. Costs associated with collection and transportation of cellulosic biomass account for more than 80 percent of the feedstock cost. By processing cellulosic biomass into pellets, density and handling efficiencies of cellulosic feedstock can be improved, resulting in reduction of transportation and handling costs. The pellet temperature is one of the most important parameter in Ultrasonic Vibration (UV-A) pelleting. There is very few literature on the pellet temperature of UV-A pelleting. This paper mainly studied how to on-line measure the pelleting temperature, also, the detailed temperature characteristics of the pellet was obtained. The results are valuable for selecting suitable pelleting parameters and controlling the quality of pellet in UV-A pelleting. Also, the accurate measurement of the pellet temperature is helpful to understand pelleting mechanism, charring, and durability issues.
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2

Petrovets, V. R., D. A. Mikheyeu, and V. P. Gnilozub. "Efficiency of pelleting of sugar beet seeds in centrifugal pelleting machine." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series 58, no. 3 (August 4, 2020): 364–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2020-58-3-364-372.

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Seed pelleting is an efficient way to improve the sowing quality of seeds. Diverse positive effect of pelleting is mostly noticeable for beet seeds. Increased size and spherical shape of seeds with shell allows to use precision seeding technology, as well as fertilizers and protective agents being part of the shell, increase their sowing potential and finally increase yields. To obtain pelleted seeds, it is required to use a specialized line with a seed pelleting machine being the main equipment. An improved design of centrifugal batch-operated seed pelleting machine has been developed and manufactured in Belarusian State Agricultural Academy. To activate the process of rolling the shell in the mixing chamber of the pelleting machine, it was proposed to use separately installed blades. Based on theoretical and experimental studies, the main structural and technological parameters of the pelleting machine has been determined to ensure the highest quality of pelleted seeds. Seeds of sugar beet of the domestic variety “Polybel” obtained in a favorable climate were selected for experimental studies. Finished mixture based on bentonite clay was selected as a filler of the seed coat. After the coat formation, the insect-fungicidal dressing agent Prestige was applied to the seeds. The seeds of sugar beet of the domestic variety “Polybel” obtained on experimental pelleting machine showed high results in germination and yield. They are comparable to imported sugar beet hybrids. Pelleting of seeds of domestic varieties of sugar beet on the territory of the Republic of Belarus can become a good alternative to imported pelleted seeds, especially considering their cost, which significantly exceeds the cost of untreated seeds.
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de Blank, Henriëtte, Eligius Hendrix, Michael Litjens, and Hans van Maaren. "On-Line Control and Optimisation of the Pelleting Process of Animal Feed." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 74, no. 1 (May 1997): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0010(199705)74:1<13::aid-jsfa755>3.0.co;2-b.

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4

Kubeyev, E. I., and B. S. Antropov. "Decomposition of Technological Processes for Evaluating the Performance of Production Line for Pre Sowing Treatment of Seeds." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 12, no. 3 (July 26, 2018): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2018-12-3-22-27.

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An important step in improving the efficiency of crop production is the development of scientifically valid technologies and technical means of pre­sowing preparation and treatment of seeds. Among the various methods that have a positive impact on crop growth, early maturity and resistance to adverse conditions, one of the most promising is seed pelleting. (Research purpose) The reasonability of the use of pelleted seeds (dragees) was shown the shell composition of which includes the substances necessary for active growth and increase resistance to adverse effects, and, in addition, it provides a more accurate seeding. We substantiate the need for improvements to existing technologies and agricultural equipment (for example, seed pelleting machine). due to the significant lack of high­tech means of mechanization of seed pre­sowing preparation at domestic agricultural enterprises. (Materials and methods) Experimental studies have been carried out with the use of computer mathematical modeling. Results of experiments were processed by methods of mathematical statistics, statistical analysis and data processing package, research application package, filtering, analysis and modeling of technological processes. Physical and mechanical properties and quality indicators of seeds and fillers have been determined in accordance with the applicable state standards. (Results and discussion) Use has been made of a program that includes obtaining information about the processes to solve the problems of experimental studies carried out by machines for pre­-sowing treatment of seeds in accordance with the developed models of their functioning; the choice of the most effective means of measuring, recording and processing information about the operation of machines and equipment in normal operating conditions; as well as checking the effectiveness of the developed methods and tools to ensure the quality of the process in case of accidental disturbances. (Conclusions) The authors have studied main parameters and operating modes of a seed pelleting installation. An average values of the process parameters of the pre­sowing treatment of seeds have been calculated under the conditions of normal functioning of machinery and equipment taking into account the validity and reliability of the obtained characteristics. The authors have developed the technological fundamentals of the artificial coating of seed surface. The study results can be used as practical recommendations for the organization of pre­sowing treatment of seeds in order to increase seed germination and crop yields.
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5

Xia, Liangzhi, Dandan Dong, Hongchun Zhang, Zewu Wang, and Caiyuan Yu. "Experimental investigation of two-phase closed thermosyphon used in heavy duty extrusion pelleting line." International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 88 (November 2017): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2017.08.007.

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6

Xia, Liangzhi, Dandan Dong, Hongchun Zhang, and Caiyuan Yu. "Numerical simulation of wickless gravity-assisted two-phase cooling system used in heavy duty extrusion pelleting line." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 111 (August 2017): 540–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.04.034.

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7

Ballard, Ross A., and David M. Peck. "Sensitivity of the messina (Melilotus siculus)–Sinorhizobium medicae symbiosis to low pH." Crop and Pasture Science 72, no. 9 (2021): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp20292.

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Messina (Melilotus siculus) is a new annual pasture legume with better combined waterlogging and salt tolerance than other annual legumes. Messina cv. Neptune and a new salt-tolerant rhizobial symbiont (Sinorhizobium medicae SRDI-554) were made available to Australian growers in 2017. Messina is related to the annual medics (Medicago spp.) that are nodulated by the same genus of rhizobia and regarded as sensitive to soil acidity. Because some saltland soils are acidic, it is important to understand the sensitivity of messina to soil acidity in order to avoid failures during early adoption. Acidity tolerance of the messina–Sinorhizobium symbiosis was investigated in a hydroponic experiment (inoculation with SRDI-554, or the salt-intolerant strain WSM-1115 recommended for medics), and in three acidic soils (pHCa 4.3–5.5) (inoculation with SRDI-554 ± lime pelleting of seed), in the greenhouse. In the hydroponic experiment, the percentage of messina plants (with SRDI-554) that formed nodules declined at pH levels between 5.7 (43%) and 5.5 (4%). Strain SRDI-554 was slightly more sensitive to acidity than strain WSM-1115. In the acidic soils, more plants formed nodules than in the hydroponic experiment at similar pH levels; however, without lime pelleting, nodule number was inadequate at soil pHCa &lt;5.5. Addition of lime to seed was beneficial to messina nodulation. Nodule number per plant increased from 4.0 to 9.6 with the addition of lime. The messina–Sinorhizobium symbiosis was confirmed as sensitive to low pH. At pHCa 5.5, which is the level recommended as the lower limit for growing messina, nodule number was constrained in both hydroponics and soil. The risk of suboptimal nodulation would be reduced if the recommended lower soil pH limit for growing messina is increased to pHCa 5.8, in line with most annual medics. Efforts to improve the acidity tolerance of the messina symbiosis would be best focused on the rhizobial symbiont, rather than the plant.
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8

Zhu, Qiurui, Liangzhi Xia, Dandan Dong, Haonan Wang, and Wenqing Mei. "Numerical simulation and structure improvement of gravity-assisted phase transition cooling system used in heavy duty extrusion pelleting line." International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 116 (July 2020): 104604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2020.104604.

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9

De Jong, Jon A., Joel M. DeRouchey, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jason C. Woodworth, Steve S. Dritz, Charles R. Stark, et al. "Formation of Pellet Fines during the Feed Manufacturing Process, Transportation and Feed Line Delivery, and their Nutrient Composition." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 33, no. 6 (2017): 921–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12304.

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Abstract. Maintaining quality pellets with a low percentage of fines is essential to achieve growth performance benefits from pelleting diets for swine and poultry. Therefore, we investigated the formation of fines during the pelleted feed manufacturing process, transportation, and feed line delivery at the farm. A second objective was to determine the chemical composition of the pellets and fines. Results indicated that pellet durability index (PDI) was increased from the pellet mill to the fat coater, but decreased between the fat coater and load-out. Correspondingly, percentage fines were similar from the pellet mill to the cooler, but then increased at the fat coater and at load-out. Dry matter, ether extract, and acid detergent fiber were greater in fines compared to pellets, whereas crude protein was decreased in fines. The percentage of fines formed during truck unloading was not influenced by unloading speed but tended to increase from the front to the rear compartment. There was no effect of feed line location (6, 35, and 76 m from the bin) on pellet PDI, percentage fines, or the nutrient profile of pellets or fines. Across locations, fines had decreased crude protein and phosphorus, but increased acid detergent fiber, crude fiber, calcium, ether extract, and starch compared to the composition of pellets. Understanding the steps in the feed manufacturing and delivery process may allow for alternative methods to reduce the formation of fines in pelleted feeds. Keywords: Feed line, Feed mill, Feed truck, Fines, Pellet durability index, Pellets.
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10

Waluyo, Setiyo Hadi. "Significance of Pelleting The Seed with Phosphate and Lime on The Cultivation of Soybean in Acid Soils in Sitiung, West Sumatera." Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2005): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitl.7.2.58-65.

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Several experiments containing 2 field, 2 pot and I rhizotron were conducted to develop a low input agricultural practice(pelleting seed) for production of soybean plant (cv. Tidar) on heavily acid soils of Sitiung, West Sumatra. The field and polexperiments were conducted in Sitiung and in the greenhouse at the Agriculture Division, Center for the Application ofIsotopes and Radiation Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Jakarta, respectively, in 1990 - 1992. The rhizotronexperiment was conducted in 1994 at the Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences.Wageningen University. Wageningen, The Netherlands. Lime-pel/eting seeds with the equivalent of 50 kg lime ha·1 increased nodulation, growth and yield both in unlimed and limed soils. Considerable increases in nodulatio, growth and yield were obtained when a small amount of P fertiliser (J 0 kg TSP ha·l ) was incorporated in the lime-pellet. The beneficial effects of both lime-pelleting and [lime+TSPj-pelleting were more pronounced on nodulation than on growth and yield. and greater in umimed soils than in limed soils. Large effects were obtained in nodulation, growth and yield of soybean in field experi1ltl!nts by pelleting seeds with lime or with lime + TSP. However, the pel/eted soybean plants grown in unlimed soils remained small and yields were negligible. To sustain growth and production of soybean in these acid soils, adequate quantities of lime and of P fertiliser would be necessary. In the present study, a combination of broadcast lime at 2.0 t ha-I with [lime+TSPj-pelleting of inoculated seeds was found superior to the application of 7.0 t ha-I of lime with inoculated seeds only. A I toxicity and P deficiency were the main problems in these acid soils. For the low-input production of soybeans considerations shOllld be directed to the correction of these factors.
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11

Fusi, Alessandra, Jacopo Bacenetti, Andrea R. Proto, Doriana E. A. Tedesco, Domenico Pessina, and Davide Facchinetti. "Pellet Production from Miscanthus: Energy and Environmental Assessment." Energies 14, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010073.

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The production of wood pellets has grown considerably in the last decades. Besides woody biomass, other feedstocks can be used for pellet production. Among these, miscanthus presents some advantages because, even if specifically cultivated, it requires low inputs such as fertilisers and pesticides and shows high biomass yield (up to 28 tons of dry matter ha−1 in Europe). Even if in the last years some studies evaluated the environmental impact of woody pellet production, there is no information about the environmental performances of miscanthus pellet production. In this study, the environmental impact of miscanthus pellet was evaluated using the Life Cycle Assessment approach with a cradle-to plant gate perspective. Primary data were collected in a small-medium size pelletizing plant located in Northern Italy where miscanthus is cultivated to be directly processed. The results highlight how the miscanthus pellet shows lower environmental impact compared to woody pellet, mainly due to the lower energy consumption during pelletizing. The possibility to pelletize the miscanthus biomass without any drying offsets the environmental impact related to the miscanthus cultivation for all the evaluated impact categories (except for Marine eutrophication). In detail, for global warming potential, 1 ton of miscanthus pellet shows an impact of 121.6 kg CO2 eq. (about 8% lower respect to woody pellet) while for the other evaluated impact categories the impact reduction ranges from 4 to 59%. Harvesting, which unlike the other field operations is carried out every year, is by far the main contributor to the impacts of the cultivation phase while electricity is the main contributor to the pelletizing phase.
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12

Evans, J., C. Wallace, N. Dobrowolski, I. Pritchard, and B. Sullivan. "Requirement of field pea for inoculation with Rhizobium and lime pelleting in soils of Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 6 (1993): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930767.

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The requirement of field pea (Pisum sativum) for seed inoculation with Rhizobium and for lime pelleting of inoculated seed was investigated in field experiments in the south-west of Western Australia, especially at locations where inoculated field pea had been grown 2 years previously. At most sites with previous pea cropping, the nodulation, total dry matter and nitrogen, and grain yield of pea were not improved by seed inoculation or lime pelleting. At these sites soil populations of R. leguminosarum by. viciae at sowing were >103/g soil. Responses to inoculation were measured at sites where the soil was very acidic [pH(CaCl2) <4.5], or mildly acidic (to pH 4.9) and of light texture (>90% sand + gravel), or where pea had not grown previously. There were fewer rhizobia at sowing at these locations. Lime pelleting was not generally required to maximise field pea growth or yield, but yield was affected by the inoculant Rhizobium strain.
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Kylili, Angeliki, Elias Christoforou, and Paris A. Fokaides. "Environmental evaluation of biomass pelleting using life cycle assessment." Biomass and Bioenergy 84 (January 2016): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.11.018.

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14

Jones, HR. "Effect of different phosphatic fertilisers applied at sowing on the survival of inoculated Rhizobium trifolii and on the nodulation of clover." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 26, no. 4 (1986): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9860437.

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Dical-super, a new phosphatic fertiliser, had little or no effect on the survival of rhizobia when the fertiliser was mixed with inoculated seed of subterranean clover. Superphosphate reduced rhizobial survival when the inoculated seed was not protected by a seed coating of lime. When dical-super was sown in rows with inoculated clover seed into very acid soil (pH 4.6, 1:5, soil:water) additional lime (in the form of a lime coating on the seed) was needed to ensure good nodulation of the clover. When sown in a less acid soil (pH 5.3) no lime was needed. When superphosphate was the fertiliser applied at sowing, additional lime, as fertiliser and/or lime pelleting of the seed, was needed to obtain a high number of nodulated plants in the very acid soil. Lime pelleting only was needed in a less acid soil to obtain good crown nodulation.
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15

HARTLEY, E. "Lime pelleting inoculated serradella (Ornithopus spp.) increases nodulation and yield." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 36, no. 8 (August 2004): 1289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.04.010.

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16

Kaķītis, Aivars, Imants Nulle, and Dainis Ancāns. "Belt Feeder for Biomass Mixing." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (August 6, 2015): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2013vol1.810.

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Level of agricultural productivity has been increased and also increased land area not utilized for food production. This area can be used for growing energy crops, including grasses. In addition, there are non-agricultural lands in Latvia suitable only for growing energy crops like Reed canary grass etc. Reed canary grass growing for energy needs could be an additional source of income for Latvian farmers, whom have harvesting technique for hay, for example dairy farming. It could be also a local heat energy source if wood in farm area is not available. Pelletizing or briquetting of dried herbaceous biomass has several advantages such as increasing energy density, improving storability and reducing handling and transport costs, but remains, of the fuel quality negatively affecting things, such as high ash and chlorine content (wheat straw 0.1 – 2.3%). Therefore, to reduce ash content and corrosion of heat transfer surfaces suggestible to make blends with others biomass where those parameters are lower. Briquettes of herbaceous biomass blends with peat are denser, durabler and take less energy for briquetting and pelleting. A new mixing method in this article is described. Experiments of biomass feeding in mixing process with belt feeder were done. The throughput of the belt feeder is increasing nearly linearly at feeder belt velocity from 0.18 to 0.89 m·s-1. The specific throughput of belt feeder was evaluated for Reed canary grass. Noticeable influence of the belt velocity on the specific throughput of belt feeder was not found.
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17

Pandey, Ramsharan, Nurun Nahar, Scott W. Pryor, and Ghasideh Pourhashem. "Cost and Environmental Benefits of Using Pelleted Corn Stover for Bioethanol Production." Energies 14, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 2528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092528.

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While the production costs and logistical benefits of biomass pelleting have been widely discussed in the literature, the downstream economic and environmental benefits of processing pelleted biomass have been largely neglected. To investigate those benefits, we performed a comparative techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment of producing ethanol using loose and pelleted forms of biomass. Analyses of a 2000 metric tons (dry)/d biorefinery showed that using pelleted biomass is more economical than using loose or baled biomass. The lowest minimum ethanol selling price (MESP) for pelleted biomass was USD 0.58/gal less than the lowest MESP for loose biomass. Among all processing conditions analyzed, MESP for ethanol produced with pelleted biomass was always lower than when produced with loose biomass. Shorter pretreatment and hydrolysis times, higher pretreatment solids loadings, lower ammonia requirements, and reduced enzyme loadings were the primary factors contributing to lower MESP with pelleted biomass. Similarly, pelleted biomass also demonstrated a 50% lower life cycle greenhouse gas emission compared to loose biomass. Emissions from higher pelleting energy were offset by downstream advantage in lower chemical needs.
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Nahar, Nurun, Ramsharan Pandey, Ghasideh Pourhashem, David Ripplinger, and Scott W. Pryor. "Life Cycle Perspectives of Using Non-Pelleted vs. Pelleted Corn Stover in a Cellulosic Biorefinery." Energies 14, no. 9 (April 27, 2021): 2518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092518.

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Cellulosic biorefineries have attracted interest due to the growing energy security and environmental concerns related to fossil fuel-based energy and chemicals. Using pelleted biomass as a biorefinery feedstock can reduce their processing inputs while improving biomass handling and transportation. However, it is still questionable whether energy and emission savings from feedstock transportation and processing can justify pelletization. A life cycle assessment approach was used to compare energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from pelleted and non-pelleted corn stover as a biorefinery feedstock. Operations considered were pelleting, transportation, and soaking in aqueous ammonia (SAA) pretreatment. Despite greater GHG emissions (up to 25 times higher than the transportation) generated from the pelleting process, the model showed a significant opportunity to offset and even reduce overall GHG emissions considering the pretreatment process benefits. Our process energy analysis showed that SAA pretreatment of pelleted biomass required significantly lower energy inputs (56%) due to the lower-severity pretreatment’s effectiveness. Higher pretreatment solid loadings are allowed when pelleted biomass is used and this reduces the process chemicals and water requirements by 56% and 49%, respectively. This study demonstrated that the SAA pretreatment of pelleted biomass might be a feasible option as the cellulosic biorefinery feedstock.
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19

Lu, Hongyan, Shicheng Yang, Xiao Huang, Harun El Masri, Paul C. Trampont, Amandeep Salhotra, James G. Farmar, Alexander J. Wendling, and Mary J. Laughlin. "Nuclear Factor of Activated T-Cells (NFAT1): Potential Novel Target in T-Cell Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (T-ALL)." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 4634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.4634.4634.

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Abstract Abstract 4634 Background. T-cell transcription factor NFAT1 (NFATc2) has been reported to regulate cell cycle regulatory proteins including cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and p21. MicroRNA-184 (miR-184) has been noted to have close sequence homology to the 3’ UTR of NFAT1 and to regulate NFAT1 mRNA translation in human adult and umbilical cord blood (UCB) CD3+CD4+ T-cells. In this study, we are characterizing the functional role of NFAT1 in T-ALL cells to determine whether its dysregulation may alter normal cell cycle regulation and thereby may contribute to T-ALL leukemogenesis. Materials/Methods. In this study we used MOLT-4 cell line to investigate the role of NFAT1 in T-ALL, since MOLT-4 represents early stage of human T-ALL (CD4+CD8+ double positive) compared with other T-cell lines including Jurkat. We developed two distinct approaches to explore NFAT1 signalling, either by manipulating the expression level of NFAT1 protein by blocking miR-184, or by overexpressing a constitutively active form of NFAT1 (caNFAT1) holding a HA-tag (Addgene plasmid 11792, A. Rao, PhD, Harvard University). caNFAT1 was introduced into gateway system expression vector pEF-DEST51. MOLT-4 cells were maintained in complete RPMI 1640 medium according to ATCC guidelines. Electroporation transfection was performed on Amaxa Nucleofector I using program C-05. 200 nM of anti-miR-184 miRNA inhibitor (Dharmacon) or 2 μ g of plasmid containing caNFAT1 was transfected into 2×10e6 MOLT-4 cells in each sample. Transfection efficiency was tested using pmaxGFP (Lonza). Proteins were extracted at various time points after transfection using RIPA buffer (PIERCE) with protease inhibitor cocktail and tested for the expression of NFAT1 (BD Biosciences), phosphorylated NFAT1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), HA (Roche), and beta-actin (Sigma-Aldrich). Cell cycle was measured at various time points by pelleting down 0.5–1 X10e6 cells, followed by ethanol fixation, and incubation in propidium iodide (PI) (10 μ g/ml) staining solution and flow cytometric measurement for PI incorporation. Cell apoptosis was measured by PE-conjugated annexin V staining (BD Biosciences) in transfected MOLT-4 cells including empty plasmid controls. Results/Discussion. The over-expression of caNFAT1 in MOLT-4 led to increased proportion of cells in G2 phase than in controls (10.8% vs. 7.3% on day5, and 11.8% vs. 8.1% on day6). In addition to these cell cycle changes in MOLT-4 treated with caNFAT1 plasmid, higher rates of apoptosis were noted on day 2 (28.3% vs. 15.5%), which notably leveled off from day 3 to day 6 potentially attributed to compensatory cellular responses. Previous work by this group has shown higher expression of miR-184 in MOLT-4 by 56 fold compared with normal human CD4/8 double positive T-cells. Here, miR-184 knockdown was also notable for a larger proportion of MOLT-4 cells in G2 cell cycle phase and higher apoptosis, albeit modest changes compared with that exerted by caNFAT1. Conclusion. In MOLT-4 cell line, this preliminary data suggests that increasing active non-phosphorylated NFAT1 is associated with enhanced proportion of cells in G2 phase as well as enhanced resultant apoptosis. Taken together, regulation of NFAT1 may be exploited as potential T-ALL targeted therapy. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Ma, Mingjun, and Kurt A. Rosentrater. "Pellet Quality of Corn-Based DDGS." Journal of Food Research 10, no. 3 (April 20, 2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v10n3p25.

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The rapid growth of corn-based dry grind ethanol plants over the past decade in the US has resulted in a great increase in production of the coproduct DDGS (distillers dried grains with solubles). Since some physical properties like low bulk density and poor flowability can impact the market potential of DDGS, pelleting of DDGS can be one of the easiest ways to improve this situation. Pellet quality is the focus of this project. The pelleting process was conducted with three initial DDGS moisture contents and two different dies; a total of six runs were completed to produce DDGS pellets. The physical qualities of pelleted DDGS were determined by measuring durability, bulk density, angle of repose, and color of the pellets. The results showed that the durability ranged from 42% to 89%, the highest pellet durability occurred when the moisture content was 20% db and the die diameter was 1/8 in. The bulk density increased when the DDGS moisture content decreased, and the highest bulk density was observed when the moisture content was 10% db and the die diameter was 1/8 in.
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Ronga, Domenico, Paolo Mantovi, Maria Teresa Pacchioli, Andrea Pulvirenti, Francesco Bigi, Giulio Allesina, Simone Pedrazzi, Aldo Tava, and Aldo Dal Prà. "Combined Effects of Dewatering, Composting and Pelleting to Valorize and Delocalize Livestock Manure, Improving Agricultural Sustainability." Agronomy 10, no. 5 (May 8, 2020): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050661.

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An agronomic strategy to mitigate climate change impact can be the build-up of soil organic carbon. Among agronomic management approaches, the administration of organic fertilizers like livestock manure represents an effective strategy to increase soil organic carbon. However, livestock manure usually contains a high amount of water, reducing its sustainable delocalization and impacting on greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient leaching. Furthermore, the possible presence of weed seeds and harmful microorganisms could reduce the agronomic value of the manure. To overcome these issues, the combined effects of dewatering, composting and pelleting were investigated on livestock manure to produce sustainable organic fertilizers. Our results showed that composting and pelleting can represent a feasible and sustainable solution to reduce the potential risks related to the presence of weed seeds and harmful bacteria, concentrating nutrients and allowing a sustainable valorization and delocalization of the livestock manure. In addition, the processed manures were assessed as fertilizers in the growing medium (GM), displaying an increase in water retention and nutrient availability and a decrease of GM temperature and weed seed emergences. However, further study is needed to validate, both in open field and greenhouse productions, the effects of the proposed fertilizers in real cropping systems.
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Ma, Fengjiao, A. Egrinya Eneji, and Yanbin Wu. "An Evaluation of Input–Output Value for Sustainability in a Chinese Steel Production System Based on Emergy Analysis." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (December 12, 2018): 4749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124749.

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: The social investment, natural resource consumption, and pollutant emissions involved in steel production can be evaluated comprehensively using the emergy analysis. We explored the sustainability of the steel production system from four aspects: input index, output index, input–output index, and sustainability index. The results showed that the maximum inputs were the intermediate product/recyclable materials produced within the production line; energy sources were mainly non-renewable and the emergy value of pollutants discharged was rather low. The environmental load rate of the pelletizing and sintering processes were the highest and the proportion of recycled materials for puddling and steel-making were the highest. The emergy investment rate of rolling was the highest; the emergy value of the pollutants discharged in each process was very small, and the emergy yield ratio was highest in the rolling process. Pelletizing, sintering, and steel-making were input consuming processes, but the sustainability index of puddling and rolling processes was sound. The whole process line can be sustainable, considering the useful intermediate and recyclable products.
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Shentsova, E. S., L. I. Lytkina, A. S. Muraviev, and A. A. Torshina. "Optimization of the process of compound feed pelleting for fur animals." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 83, no. 1 (June 3, 2021): 240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2021-1-240-247.

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Currently, fur farming products are becoming more and more in demand. With the increase in the number of fur-bearing animals, it is necessary to produce compound feeds that provide high quality furs with minimal feed costs. Compound feed recipes with a fat content of 20% and higher were developed for fur animals. Feeding fodder in the form of granules produced by the technology, one of the stages of which is the process of granulating compound fodders with a high fat content with reasonable operating parameters of the granulator press, is expedient. Process studies using the method of statistical planning of a multivariate experiment were carried out to determine the optimal granulation parameters. The following factors influencing the process under consideration were chosen: the amount of added fat, the steam consumption, the gap between the roll and the press die. Specific energy consumption and crumbling served as criteria for assessing the influence of the selected parameters, which make it possible to assess adequately the efficiency of the process. The data obtained showed that the process of pelleting compound feed at optimal parameters makes it possible to obtain pellets, the quality of which meets the requirements of the standard. All the data obtained were within the calculated confidence intervals of the optimization parameters. The change in the quality indicators of the obtained granulated compound feed during storage was also investigated in the work. Changes in the quality of granulated compound feed during storage testified that the values of total acidity and acid number of fat increased significantly after two months of storage due to hydrolysis of fat in conditions of free oxygen access. The value of the peroxide number of fat, which reflects the depth of oxidative changes in the compound feed, increased sharply after two months of storage. The content of vitamins A and E during the storage of compound feed for 45 days in summer was 12.3% and 10.5% of the initial values, respectively. The recommended shelf life of granulated feed with a high fat content in winter-spring period is 60 days, in summer - 45 days.
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Angriany, A. Muthiah Nur, Georgina Maria Tinungki, and Raupong Raupong. "Estimasi Komponen Variansi pada Rancangan Faktorial Acak Lengkap Menggunakan Metode Generalized Least Squares." Jurnal Matematika Statistika dan Komputasi 15, no. 2 (December 20, 2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jmsk.v15i2.5714.

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AbstractsExperiment design is a test or a row of test by using both statistical description and inference statistical. The aim of this test is to change an input to become an output as a respond of the experiment. In the experiment design, variance of factor A, B , AB error of variance are called as variant component. The aim of this study is to estimate variance component on complete random factorial design for fixed model and mixed model by using Generalized Least Squares (GLS)method, where GLS method as a development of Ordinary Least Square method. It used to be applied on data of complete random factorial design, namely like the influence to density pelleting food which is caused by increasing adhesive material and longtime in storage. The results show that there is no influence of increasing adhesive material to the density of pelleting food. In addition, there exist of diversity of longtime of storage and there exists a diversity interaction between adding adhesive material and long of time of storage to the density of pelleting food Keywords: Generalized Least Squares, variance component, complete random factorial design AbstrakPerancangan percobaan adalah suatu uji atau sederet uji baik itu menggunakan statistika deskripsi maupun statistika inferensi, yang bertujuan untuk mengubah peubah input menjadi suatu output yang merupakan respon dari percobaan tersebut. Dalam perancangan percobaan, variansi dari faktor A, variansi dari faktor B, variansi interaksi faktor AB, dan variansi galat disebut dengan komponen varian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi komponen variansi pada rancangan faktorial acak lengkap model tetap dan model campuran menggunakan metode Generalized Least Squares (GLS), dimana metode GLS adalah pengembangan dari metode Ordinary Least Square yang biasa digunakan untuk mengatasi asumsi homogenitas yang biasa dilanggar dalam perancangan percobaan. Metode tersebut diterapkan pada data rancangan faktorial acak lengkap yaitu pengaruh berat jenis pakan pellet dengan kombinasi perlakuan penambahan bahan perekat dan lama penyimpanan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat pengaruh penambahan bahan perekat terhadap berat jenis pakan pellet. Selain itu, terdapat keragaman faktor lama penyimpan dan terdapat keragaman interaksi antara faktor penambahan perekat dan lama penyimpanan terhadap berat jenis pakan pellet. Kata kunci: Generalized Least Squares, komponen variansi, rancangan faktorial acak lengkap
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Punenborg, Jan W. M., T. A. Lie, and A. J. B. Zehnder. "Nodulation of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) in an acid soil: Effects of inoculum size and lime-pelleting." Plant and Soil 131, no. 1 (February 1991): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00010414.

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26

Bourdin, Gilles, Bertrand Schmitt, Laure Marvin Guy, Jacques-Edouard Germond, Sophie Zuber, Lise Michot, Gloria Reuteler, and Harald Brüssow. "Amplification and Purification of T4-Like Escherichia coli Phages for Phage Therapy: from Laboratory to Pilot Scale." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 4 (December 20, 2013): 1469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03357-13.

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ABSTRACTWe investigated the amplification and purification of phage preparations with respect to titer, contamination level, stability, and technical affordability. Using various production systems (wave bags, stirred-tank reactors, and Erlenmeyer flasks), we obtained peak titers of 109to 1010PFU/ml for T4-like coliphages. Phage lysates could be sterilized through 0.22-μm membrane filters without titer loss. Phages concentrated by differential centrifugation were not contaminated with cellular debris or bacterial proteins, as assessed by electron microscopy and mass spectrometry, respectively. Titer losses occurred by high-speed pelleting of phages but could be decreased by sedimentation through a sucrose cushion. Alternative phage concentration methods are prolonged medium-speed centrifugation, strong anion-exchange chromatography, and ultrafiltration, but the latter still allowed elevated lipopolysaccharide contamination. T4-like phages could not be pasteurized but maintained their infectivity titer in the cold chain. In the presence of 10 mM magnesium ions, phages showed no loss of titer over 1 month at 30°C.
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Laar, H. Van, I. Martínez-Luengas, and J. Martin-Tereso. "Ruminal degradation characteristics of a beef feed produced with different grinding and pelleting sizes incubated in sacco in dry or soaked form." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2007 (April 2007): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200020287.

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Intensively fed ruminants receive highly fermentable diets to maximise production of meat or milk. However, highly fermentable diets increase the risk of acidosis, which can result in serious health and productive consequences. Accurate evaluation of feed fermentability in both rate and extent is therefore important in controlling acidosis. Differences in (rate of) fermentation between original raw materials are fairly well established and used in current feed evaluation systems (Van Laar et al., 2004). However, the effects of technological treatments, like grinding and especially pelleting of a feed on fermentability are less well explored. In this experiment the nylon bag method was used to analyse fermentability characteristics of a feed that was ground and pelleted in different ways. Additionally the effect on fermentability of pre-soaking the pellets prior to nylon bag incubation was investigated.
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28

Wright, D. A., J. Swaminathan, M. Blaser, and T. A. Jackson. "Carrot seed coating with bacteria for seedling protection from grass grub damage." New Zealand Plant Protection 58 (August 1, 2005): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2005.58.4278.

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Carrot seedlings are susceptible to damage from grass grub larvae The biological control bacterium Serratia entomophila was applied to the surface of carrot seeds via pelleting or as a biopolymer seed coating and the activity against grass grubs determined in pot trials Seedling mortality caused by grass grub larvae was significantly reduced (Plt;005) in two trials from 88 and 64 in untreated pots to 26 and 13 in pots containing pelleted seed and 7 and 16 in pots containing biopolymercoated seed Shelf life studies showed formulations were stable at 4C for at least eight weeks and for two weeks at 20C after which cell viability decreased over time Bioassay results showed little difference between the two treatments despite a higher concentration of bacteria on the biopolymercoated than the pelleted seeds The potential of seed coating as a delivery mechanism for biocontrol agents has been demonstrated and future possibilities are discussed
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Wedderburn, M. E. "Effect of applied nitrogen, increased inoculation, broadcast lime, and seed pelleting on establishment ofLotus pedunculatuscv. ‘Grasslands Maku’ in tussock grasslands." New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture 14, no. 1 (January 1986): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03015521.1986.10426121.

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DANSO, S. "Nodulation of soybean in an acid soil: The influence of Bradyrhizobium inoculation and seed pelleting with lime and rock phosphate." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 20, no. 2 (1988): 259–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(88)90048-x.

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Campos Junior, Fernando Luiz Câmara, Sebastiana Luiza Bragança Lana, Paulo Santos Assis, and Benito Barbabela e. Silva. "Pelletizing furnace refractory lining life cycle extension by applying thermography analysis and direct refractory injection." REM - International Engineering Journal 71, no. 3 (July 2018): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0370-44672017710163.

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32

de la Fuente, Teresa, Dan Bergström, Sara González-García, and Sylvia H. Larsson. "Life cycle assessment of decentralized mobile production systems for pelletizing logging residues under Nordic conditions." Journal of Cleaner Production 201 (November 2018): 830–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.030.

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33

BELLO’, CESARE, ENZO COLONNELLI, LEONARDO FORBICIONI, GIUSEPPE OSELLA, and ENRICO RUZZIER. "A new genus and species of anophthalmous Otiorhynchini from Greece, with a new synonymy and new combinations (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Entiminae)." Zootaxa 4938, no. 1 (February 25, 2021): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4938.1.3.

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A new genus of Entiminae, an endogean weevil of the tribe Otiorhynchini, Giavarhynchus Bellò, Osella & Ruzzier, gen. n., and its type species Giavarhynchus amicorum Bellò, Osella & Ruzzier, sp. n. are described. The new taxon is readily distinguished from all other members of the tribe due to the unique combination of lack of eyes, elongate rostrum with a ventral transverse furrow and excised lateral margins located at apical third, punctation of pronotum of two distinct sizes arranged in a distinctive pattern, interval 7 of elytra protruding from base of pronotum and crenulate basally, metafemora bearing a spine-like tooth much larger than that of pro- and mesofemora, female tibiae granulate on inner margin, bisinuous mesotibiae. The following synonymy is proposed: Nematocerus Reiche, 1849 (= Cyrtozemia Pascoe, 1872, syn. n.; = Holcorhinosoma Voss, 1939, syn. n.). New combinations are: Nematocerus cognatus (Marshall, 1916), comb. n.; Nematocerus dispar (Pascoe, 1872), comb. n.; Nematocerus pilipes (Morimoto, 2015), comb. n., all from Cyrtozemia; Nematocerus subtuberculatus (Voss, 1939), comb. n. from Holcorhinosoma. New tribal placement is: Pseudocratopus Hustache, 1921 from Otiorhynchini to Peritelini. New subgeneric placement is that of Otiorhynchus deceptorius Białooki, Germann & Pelletier, 2017 and of Otiorhynchus incisirostris Białooki, Germann & Pelletier, 2017 from Otiorhynchus (Lixorrhynchus) Reitter, 1914 to Otiorhynchus (Aranihus) Reitter, 1912.
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Rioux, Liliane, and Evelyne Fouquereau. "Appropriation spatiale et territoriale de la chambre en maison de retraite." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 19, no. 2 (2000): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980800014021.

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AbstractThis exploratory survey aimed at determining the spatial and territorial factors used by elderly people when entering an old people's home and illustrating how these variables could be referred to two spatial and territorial appropriation processes. One hundred and two residents were asked to describe their rooms and to fill in a life satisfaction rating scale adapted by Blais, Vallerand, Pelletier and Brière (1989). The findings highlighted two distinct appropriation processes, that is to say a spatial appropriation-disappropriation process and a territorial disappropriation-reappropriation one. The respective predictors of these two processes are on the one hand the life satisfaction ratio, age and sex; and on the other hand the representation the elderly person has of his/her own autonomy as well as the evaluation of the gap between the elderly person's satisfaction with his/her past and present life.
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35

Çalışlar, Süleyman, and Mesut Karaman. "Dioksinlerin Hayvan Beslemedeki Genel Etkileri." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, no. 6 (July 14, 2017): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i6.687-694.1176.

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Dioxins is one of the chemicals groups that cause liver toxicity, live weight reduction, immune suppression, reproductive impairments, eggshell thinning, birth defects, cancers and death in animals. The 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is the most poisonous environmental chemical and many studies were showed high dosage of TCDD affects all animal group. Also TCDD increase cancer risk in human so this chemical described as carcinogenic by International Agency for Research on Cancer. Dioxins are stored in animal foods such as meat, milk, eggs and fish, because they are soluble in oil and remain in these products for many years. Dioxins can dissolve in fat and high stability therefore it can be infected to meat, milk, egg, and fish and store there for long time as a result people could be contained with dioxin during daily life. Animal feed additives such as organic acids, pH modifiers, starch, sugar, vegetable oil, fat, fruit and by-products of plant, kaolinite, rendering products, pelleting aids cause dioxin contamination. The maximum dioxin content in plant-origin feedstuffs and their by-products is 0.75 ng toxic equivalent/kg body weight. In this rewiew, the effects of dioxins on livestock feeding was examined.
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36

Trybus, K. M., and S. Lowey. "Subunit exchange between smooth muscle myosin filaments." Journal of Cell Biology 105, no. 6 (December 1, 1987): 3021–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.105.6.3021.

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Filaments formed from phosphorylated smooth muscle myosin are stable in the presence of MgATP, whereas dephosphorylated filaments are disassembled to a mixture of folded monomers and dimers. The stability of copolymers of phosphorylated and dephosphorylated myosin was, however, unknown. Gel filtration, sedimentation velocity, and pelleting assays were used to show that MgATP could dissociate dephosphorylated myosin from copolymers containing either rod and myosin or dephosphorylated and phosphorylated myosin. Copolymers were typically formed by dialyzing monomeric mixtures into filament-forming buffer but, unexpectedly, could also be formed within minutes of mixing preformed rod and myosin minifilaments. This result suggested that molecules can rapidly and extensively exchange between filaments, presumably via the monomeric pool of myosin in equilibrium with polymer. An exchange of molecules between filaments was demonstrated directly by electron microscopy using gold-labeled streptavidin or antibody to detect the exchanged species. By this approach it was shown that smooth muscle myosin filaments, like other macromolecular assemblies, are dynamic structures that can readily alter their composition in response to changing solvent conditions. Moreover, because folded monomeric myosin is unable to polymerize, these experiments suggest a mechanism for the disassembly of the filament by MgATP.
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37

Freudenberger, DO, and ID Hume. "Ingestive and Digestive Responses to Dietary Fiber and Nitrogen by 2 Macropodid Marsupials (Macropus-Robustus-Erubescens and M-R-Robustus) and a Ruminant (Capra-Hircus)." Australian Journal of Zoology 40, no. 2 (1992): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9920181.

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It has been hypothesised that large macropodids can maintain greater intakes of increasingly fibrous diets than ruminants of similar body size because of the tubular nature of the macropodid forestomach compared with the sac-like rumen. Responses to changes in levels of dietary fibre (plant cell walls) and nitrogen were examined in captive euros (Macropus robustus erubescens), wallaroos (M. r. robustus) and goats (Capra hircus). When all animals were fed pelleted isonitrogenous diets of 40, 60 and 80% barley straw, the macropodids compensated for decreasing dry matter (DM) digestibility by increasing DM intakes of the 60% and 80% straw diets. In contrast, the goats were unable to fully compensate for falling DM digestibility. Consequently, in the goat, digestible DM intakes tended (P<0.12) to decline from 43 g DM per kg0.75 per day on the 40% straw diet to 35 g DM per kg0.75 per day on the 80% straw diet. In comparison, digestible DM intakes only declined from 28 to 25 g DM per kg0.75 per day in the macropodids. When euros and goats were offered pelleted or chopped 80% straw diets, with and without dietary nitrogen (N) supplementation, pelleting improved DM intakes in both species. N supplementation had no effect on intakes of the chopped diets, but improved intakes of the pelleted diets. When euros, wallaroos and goats were fed chopped 50 and 80% straw diets, with and without N supplementation, DM and digestible DM intakes fell equally among the species on the 80% straw diet compared with the 50% straw diets. N supplementation had no effect on intakes of the 80% straw diet, but improved digestible DM intakes on the 50% straw diet. It was-concluded that the macropodids can maintain relatively greater intakes of increasingly fibrous diets if the constraint of mastication is removed by grinding and/or pelleting the feed on offer. Intakes were equally depressed among the species by increasingly fibrous chopped diets. On the 50% chopped-straw diet, maintenance dietary N requirements were 273, 364 and 413 mg N per kg0.75 per day, and truly digestible N requirements were 160, 251, 250 mg N per kg0.75 per day, in the euro, wallaroo and goat, respectively. These N requirements support the conclusion that the euro has a particularly low requirement for N, and that macropodid N requirements are often lower than those of eutherian grazers.
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Lv, Wei, Zengqing Sun, and Zijian Su. "Life cycle energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of iron pelletizing process in China, a case study." Journal of Cleaner Production 233 (October 2019): 1314–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.180.

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39

Girard, Marion, Frigga Dohme-Meier, Silvia Kragten, Anja Brinkhaus, Yves Arrigo, Ueli Wyss, and Giuseppe Bee. "Modification of the proportion of extractable and bound condensed tannins in birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) and sainfoin (Onobrychis viicifolia) during wilting, ensiling and pelleting processes." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 34, no. 1 (2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1801001g.

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Condensed tannins (CT) in legume forages vary not only in concentration and structure, but also in the portion of soluble and protein- and fibre-bound fractions. This study aimed to assess the changes in the total CT level as well as relative abundance of the three CT fractions from fresh to wilted, ensiled or pelleted legumes like in birds foot trefoil (two cultivars) and in sainfoin (one cultivar). Each legume underwent three consecutive harvests, of which the first two were wilted. Additionally, wilted legumes were either ensiled (first harvest) or transformed into dehydrated pellets (second harvest). For each harvest, total CT and the percentage of soluble, protein- and fibre-bound CT differed (P < 0.01) among plants. The total CT content was similar after wilting but was lower (P < 0.05) after ensiling. After wilting, ensiling and pelleting the portion of soluble CT was lower in favour of protein-bound CT portion. However, time of harvest affected (P < 0.05) total CT and the percentage of soluble and protein-bound CT. Thus, measuring the bound-fraction should not be ignored in the determination of CT content since this fraction, together with the soluble fraction, might protect protein from ruminal degradation.
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40

Baudoux, Claudine, and Albert Noircent. "Mobilité de sexe et réussite scolaire au collégial." Articles 24, no. 2 (April 30, 2008): 355–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/502016ar.

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Résumé Cet article porte sur la vérification de certaines hypothèses relatives au lien entre sexe, identité de genre et réussite scolaire au collégial. Les chercheurs ont fait passer à tous les nouveaux inscrits au cégep d'Alma le questionnaire de BEM validé par Pelletier pour le Québec. Les résultats, exception faite de ce qui concerne les androgynes, semblent confirmer les hypothèses: ils indiquent que c'est le sexe plus que l'identité de genre qui influence la réussite scolaire au collégial et ce sont les étudiantes qui connaissent une véritable « mobilité de sexe » qui réussissent le mieux. Plus qu'une simple prise de distance du message social (transcendance des rôles sociaux de sexe), cette mobilité se traduit par une transgression de ce message social.
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41

Plotnikov, Konstantin, Anatoly Popov, Igor Plotnikov, Roman Kryuk, and Sergey Rudnev. "Improving the Line of Instant Starch Soft Drinks." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 50, no. 1 (March 27, 2020): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2020-1-96-105.

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Introduction. By 2030, Russia will have abandoned the export-dependent economy and moved on to the innovation-based development, as it is stated in the Long-Term Plan for Social and Economic Development of the Russian Federation issued by the Ministry of Economic Development. Improving the production of products reduces the cost of finished products and increases their biological value. Working population often fails to maintain a balanced diet. Therefore, it is necessary to develop products that contain a large number of biologically active substances, e.g. instant drinks of plant origin. Study objects and methods. The level of integrity of the technological production line for instant starch drinks depends on the level of integrity of each of its subsystems. By comparing the monitored parameters with the given values, one can assess the integrity level of the entire system. The subsystem that is responsible for the semi-finished product causes the greatest perturbation in the stability of the entire system. According to the theory of the technological flow proposed by Dr. V.A. Panfilov, this is subsystem B. The problem is associated with the instability of the granulation process, i.e. unstable particle size distribution in the finished product. The instability may occur due to the principle of operation and design features of dish-shaped granulators. As a result, the quality of the finished product decreases. Results and discussion. The team developed a new hardware design of a machine-hardware scheme for the production of instantiated granular food products (IGPP). They conducted a repeated assessment of the integrity level of the entire technological system. The analysis of the production technology of IHPP employed a systematic approach, which made it possible to determine the level of its organization and increase it. The positive changes took place after the introduction of a new subsystem of the solid-state mechanochemical activation of potato starch. The activation changed the physical and mechanical properties of native starches, thus intensifying the process of structure formation. In addition, the integrity of the entire subsystem could be increased by changing the principle of structure formation of granules. A new granulator and a new operating principle made it possible to perform granulation by pelletizing in controlled segregated flows. Conclusion. The stability of subsystem B increased by 0.31, while the stability of the whole system increased by 0.56. The success was directly related to the new granulation technologies and a change in the technological flow of production of instant starch drinks.
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Everard, Colm D., Colette C. Fagan, and Kevin P. McDonnell. "Visible-Near Infrared Spectral Sensing Coupled with Chemometric Analysis as a Method for on-line Prediction of Milled Biomass Composition Pre-Pelletising." Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 20, no. 3 (January 2012): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.997.

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Zhuk, Yuri. "Nano-Structured Tungsten Carbide Coating Reduces Wear of Tooling for Extrusion and Abrasive Materials Forming." Key Engineering Materials 651-653 (July 2015): 467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.651-653.467.

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This paper presents the applications of advanced CVD Tungsten Carbide coating to extend the life of tooling used for forming abrasive and corrosive materials.Hardide nanostructured Tungsten Carbide coating combines high hardness (70-77Rc) with excellent toughness. Unlike other hard coatings Hardide can produce a conformal coating layer on complex-shaped tools, including internal surfaces of extrusion die cavities and moulds. In ASTM G65 test the Hardide coating abrasion resistance exceeded WC/Co (9%) cemented carbide by a factor of 4X, and D2 tool steel by 10X. Thus the coating can significantly increase the life of D2 steel tooling used for forming abrasive materials and by maintaining better dimensional tolerances and surface finish of the tool it will manufacture better quality products.The Hardide coating has enhanced resistance to corrosion and aggressive media, including acids; this makes the coating especially suitable for the tooling used in forming uPVC, PTFE and other corrosive materials.The Hardide coating has been tested on extrusion and pelletizing dies processing abrasive and corrosive slurries and typically showed a 3X increase in the life of the tooling. Similar results were achieved by the coating of powder compaction punch/die sets for pharmaceuticals tableting.
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Nguyen, Van Hieu, Thanh Nghi Nguyen, Quang Vinh Le, Minh Anh Le, Van Hung Nguyen, and Martin Gummert. "Developing densified products to reduce transportation costs and improve the quality of rice straw feedstocks for cattle feeding." Journal of Vietnamese Environment 10, no. 1 (August 9, 2018): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.13141/jve.vol10.no1.pp11-15.

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Densification of rice straw such as compacting and pelletizing is an important process to increase the density of rice straw resulting in a reduction of transportation cost. Within this research, we conducted a techno-economic investigation of rice straw densification to produce compressed bales and pellets, which are later used for animal feed. In line with the main deliverable of the performance of rice straw compacting and pelletizing processes, we also looked into the quality of the product in terms of uptake and digestibility of the cattle feed which could be improved by adding amendments such as urea during the compacting process. The compacting technology resulted in a 400% increase of bale density (from 94 to 390 kg.m-3). This could reduce transportation costs by about 60% for a 60 km driving distance using trucks. The net profit that resulted from compacted bales was USD 0.0062 kg-1. Although the pelletizing technology increased the cost of the densified product by 40–50%, its density increases by 700%, from 94 to 666 kg.m-3. The enriched-rice straw pellets contained 12.1% protein, 2.8% lipid, 32.7% raw fibre, and 11.2% ash. In addition, a test of this product for cattle feeding illustrated an increase in its eating desirability for cows. Findings from this study contribute to reducing feedstock cost and developing densified rice straw products. These, therefore, provide more alternative options to increase the benefits from rice production and thus, reduce the unsustainable burning of rice straw in the field. Nén ép rơm là quá trình quan trọng và cần thiết để tăng khối lượng thể tích với mục đích giảm chi phí vận chuyển. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đã thực hiện nghiên cứu đánh giá tính khả thi về kỹ thuật và kinh tế đối với nội dung nén ép rơm cuộn và ép viên rơm. Cùng với mục đích chính là tăng dung trọng của sản phẩm từ rơm, chúng tôi cũng đánh giá chất lượng sản phẩm làm thức ăn cho bò giúp cho tăng kích thích quá trình tiêu hóa. Kết quả nén ép cuộn rơm đã làm tăng dung trọng của kiện rơm đến 400% (từ 94 đến 398.7 kg.m-3). Qua đó, đã giảm được chi phí vận chuyển 60% được ước tính cho 60 km khoảng cách vận chuyển. Đối với ép viên rơm, dung trọng tăng đến 700% (từ 94 đến 666 kg.m-3). Hàm lượng dinh dưỡng của viên nén hỗn hợp rơm gồm protein (12,1%), chất béo (2,8%), chất xơ (32,7%), và lượng tro tổng (11,2%). Ngoài ra, kết quả thử nghiệm cho bò ăn sản phẩm viên nén này cho thấy bò có cảm giác thích và ăn hết toàn bộ viên nén. Kết quả của nghiên cứu đã góp phần giảm chi phí khi sản xuất thức ăn cho bò, tăng thu nhập cho người nông dân và từ đó giảm tác động môi trường do việc đốt rơm trên đồng.
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45

Souček, Jiří, and Algirdas Jasinskas. "Assessment of the Use of Potatoes as a Binder in Flax Heating Pellets." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 15, 2020): 10481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410481.

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This article focuses on an examination of the possibility of using potatoes as a binder in the production of heating pellets from flax stalks. This research was carried out in the form of an experimental production, laboratory analyses, and combustion tests of pellets with the Biltstar variety of flax stalks. The production was carried out using an MGL 200 pelletizing line. Adéla potatoes were used as a binder at a dose of 10%. The results were compared to the control variant without the addition of potatoes. Potatoes had a positive effect on the mechanical properties of the pellets as well as on carbon monoxide emissions. A positive effect of the addition of potatoes was recorded by an increase in specific weight (599.2 kg/m3 for the potato-free variant and 1092.3 kg/m3 for the variant with potatoes) and a significant increase in mechanical durability (4.39% for the potato-free variant and 0.71% for the variant with potatoes). The biggest difference was measured in carbon monoxide emissions (13,082 mg/m3N for the potato-free mg/m3N ariant and 5186 mg/m3N for the variant with potatoes). The values were converted to a reference oxygen content of 10%.
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46

Pijnenborg, Jan W. M., and T. A. Lie. "Effect of lime-pelleting on the nodulation of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) in an acid soil: A comparative study carried out in the field, in pots and in rhizotrons." Plant and Soil 121, no. 2 (February 1990): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00012316.

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47

Pijnenborg, Jan W. M., and T. A. Lie. "Effect of lime-pelleting on the nodulation of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) in an acid soil: A comparative study carried out in the field, in pots and in rhizotrons." Plant and Soil 122, no. 2 (March 1990): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02444237.

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48

Bragin, V. V., I. S. Bersenev, G. G. Bardavelidze, A. V. Borodin, N. A. Spirin, and S. A. Zagainov. "Improvement of iron ore pellets metallurgical properties by their fluxing by lime." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 77, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-1-11-19.

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Fluxed iron ore pellets, obtained by application of raw limestone are widely used in the iron ore share of blast furnace charge. Decomposition of the raw limestone in the process of the pellets burning requires considerable energy. The purpose of the work was to study quality variation of raw and burned pellets, as well as metallurgical properties variation, caused by substitution of limestone by burned and slaked lime. Physical simulation of the pelletizing process and pellets burning process was done. In the process of the experiment simulation of total and partial substitution of limestone by lime as well as with partial substitution of limestone by slaked lime was accomplished. Diagrams of plasticity and strength of raw and burned pellets at various shares of limestone, burned and slaked lime presented. It was shown that the strength during reducing RDI-1 (ISO 4696-1) has a tendency to increase when application of lime. Increase of Index RDI+6,3 value accounted for 3.6% (abs.) at application of quicklime and slaked lime correspondently. Index RDI−3,15 value decreased by 1.06% (abs.) and 0.88% (abs.) and that of index RDI−0,5 – by 0.75% (abs.) and 0.8% (abs.) at application of quicklime and slaked lime correspondently. It was assumed that application of slaked lime can contribute to bentonite share decrease and thus to total iron content increase. It was established that application of lime enables to decrease heat consumption for pellets burning. Application of slaked lime instead of limestone in the process of pellets production results in an increase of their strength during reducing and compression strength. This effect enables to reach a higher efficiency in the process of such pellets usage in blast furnace charge or in the process of their metallization, comparing with the usage of pellets fluxed by limestone.
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49

Sivrikaya, Osman, and A. I. Arol. "ALTERNATIVE BINDERS TO BENTONITE FOR IRON ORE PELLETIZING: PART I: EFFECTS ON PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES." HOLOS 3 (July 3, 2014): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15628/holos.2014.1758.

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The use of conventional bentonite binder is favorable in terms of mechanical and metallurgical pellet properties, however, because of its acid constituents bentonite is considered as impurity especially for iron ores with high acidic content. Therefore, alternative binders to bentonite have been tested. Organic binders are the most studied binders and they yield pellets with good wet strength; they fail in terms of preheated and fired pellet strengths. This study was conducted to investigate how insufficient pellet strengths can be improved when organic binders are used as binder. The addition of a low-melting temperature and slag bonding/strength increasing constituent (free in acidic contents) into pellet feed was proposed. Addition of boron compounds such as colemanite, tincal, borax pentahydrate, boric acid together with organic binders such as CMC, starch, dextrin and some organic based binders, into iron oxide pellet was tested. Wet and thermally treated pellet physical-mechanical qualities (balling - moisture content - size - shape - drop number - compressive strengths - porosity - dustiness) were determined. The results showed that good quality wet, dry, preheated and fired pellets can be produced with combined binders (an organic binder plus a boron compound) when compared with bentonite-bonded pellets. While organic binders provided sufficient wet and dry pellet strengths, the boron compounds provided the required preheated and fired pellet strengths at even lower firing temperature. Especially, the contribution of boron compound addition is most pronounced for hematite pellets which do not have strengthening mechanism through oxidation like magnetite pellets during firing. Therefore, addition of boron compound is beneficial to recover the low physical-mechanical qualities of pellets produced with organic binders through slag bonding mechanism. Furthermore, lowering the firing temperature thanks to low-melting boron compounds will be cost-effective for firing part of the pelletizing plants.
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50

Sulewski, G. D., and J. J. Schoenau. "Can the plant availability of elemental sulfur be enhanced through its combination with sewage sludge and hydrated lime?" Canadian Journal of Soil Science 78, no. 3 (August 1, 1998): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s97-101.

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Elemental sulfur (S°) was combined with dried anaerobically digested sewage sludge (DDS) and/or hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2) to create a possible alternative to conventional S° fertilizers. These S° blends were studied in both powdered and pelletized form to discern both the role of DDS as a fertilizer binder and as a potential stimulator of heterotrophic S° oxidation. The S° blends were visually examined to obtain general conclusions regarding surface characteristics and potential plant availability. An incubation lasting 12 wk was used to examine the short-term release of sulfate from fine (mean particle diameter [MPD] = 82 µm) and coarse (MPD = 353 µm) S° blends. Sulfate supply potential and the effects of S° pelletization were studied in the growth chamber with canola as the test crop. An apparent link existed between enhanced S° oxidation rate and a modified surface environment produced by the combination of S° + DDS + Ca(OH)2. Soil amendment with S° blends containing DDS + Ca(OH)2 or Ca(OH)2 showed initial oxidation rates superior to S° alone. Growth chamber observations revealed higher canola yield and sulfate recovery with application of S° blends containing DDS + Ca(OH)2 over S° alone. Attempts at pelletizing the S° blends resulted in improved handling characteristics, but lowered product performance due to poor dispersion in soil. Key words: Elemental sulfur, sewage sludge, oxidation, plant availability
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