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1
Wollmann, Letícia, Cássia da Luz Goulart, Kamila Mohammad Kamal Mansour, Taís Marques Cerentini, Lisiane Lisboa Carvalho, and Ana Cristina Sudbrack. "Influence of amateur futsal practice on pelvic floor muscle strength." Revista Pesquisa em Fisioterapia 8, no. 3 (September 17, 2018): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17267/2238-2704rpf.v8i3.1981.
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INTRODUCTION: In futsal athletes there is few information about the impact of intense ball training on pelvic floor muscles’ biomechanics. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the influence of amateur futsal practice on pelvic floor muscle strength. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Cross-sectional, descriptive observational study of a quantitative nature with 10 amateur futsal athletes. A questionnaire on gynecological history and sports practice was applied. Physical examination with a perineometer demonstrated muscle contraction through the Sauer Scale. RESULTS: Average adult age of 27.0 ± 4.1 years, body mass index 23.9±3.3 kg/cm2, the athletes had regular pelvic floor function (n =8, 80%), contraction time of the pelvic floor muscles 9.2 ± 1.6s, playing time 18.4±4.9. We found a moderate association between the pelvic floor muscles’ contraction time vs. playing time (r = -0.653; p = 0.040) and this finding was ratified by a simple linear regression analysis, where there is a 36% influence of the futsal practice on pelvic floor muscles’ strength. CONCLUSION: There is a direct influence of amateur futsal practice on pelvic floor muscles’ contraction force. It is essential to emphasize pelvic floor muscles’ importance in these athletes, since muscle weakness is a predisposing factor to the presence of urinary loss symptoms.
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Cho, Sung Tae, and Khae Hawn Kim. "Pelvic floor muscle exercise and training for coping with urinary incontinence." Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation 17, no. 6 (December 27, 2021): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12965/jer.2142666.333.
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The pelvic floor consists of levator ani muscles including puborectalis, pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus muscles, and coccygeus muscles. Pelvic floor muscle exercise (PFME) is defined as exercise to improve pelvic floor muscle strength, power, endurance, relaxation, or a combination of these parameters. PFME strengthens the pelvic floor muscles to provide urethral support to prevent urine leakage and suppress urgency. This exercise has been recommended for urinary incontinence since first described by Kegel. When treating urinary incontinence, particularly stress urinary incontinence, PFME has been recommended as first-line treatment. This article provides clinical application of PFME as a behavioral therapy for urinary incontinence. Clinicians and physical therapist should understand pelvic floor muscle anatomy, evaluation, regimen, and instruct patients how to train the muscles properly.
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Castelán, Francisco, Estela Cuevas-Romero, and Margarita Martínez-Gómez. "The Expression of Hormone Receptors as a Gateway toward Understanding Endocrine Actions in Female Pelvic Floor Muscles." Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets 20, no. 3 (March 24, 2020): 305–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530319666191009154751.
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Objective: To provide an overview of the hormone actions and receptors expressed in the female pelvic floor muscles, relevant for understanding the pelvic floor disorders. Methods: We performed a literature review focused on the expression of hormone receptors mainly in the pelvic floor muscles of women and female rats and rabbits. Results: The impairment of the pelvic floor muscles can lead to the onset of pelvic floor dysfunctions, including stress urinary incontinence in women. Hormone milieu is associated with the structure and function alterations of pelvic floor muscles, a notion supported by the fact that these muscles express different hormone receptors. Nuclear receptors, such as steroid receptors, are up till now the most investigated. The present review accounts for the limited studies conducted to elucidate the expression of hormone receptors in pelvic floor muscles in females. Conclusion: Hormone receptor expression is the cornerstone in some hormone-based therapies, which require further detailed studies on the distribution of receptors in particular pelvic floor muscles, as well as their association with muscle effectors, involved in the alterations relevant for understanding pelvic floor disorders.
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Wang, Xiaolan, Fan Yang, Wenjuan Chen, and Xiaohong Yuan. "Ultrasonic Diagnosis and Analysis of the Effect of Labor Analgesia on Early Pelvic Floor Function and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 11, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 1903–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2021.3585.
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Pelvic floor dysfunction disease (PFD) is a common pelvic organ dysfunction disease in the clinic of obstetrics and gynecology. Its cause is mainly the damage, defects and dysfunction of the pelvic floor support structure. Not only is the pathogenesis complicated, but also various symptoms coexist, which seriously affects the physical and mental health of female patients. Mechanical injury of the pelvic floor fascia tissue and levator ani muscles is the anatomical basis of PFD after birth; early postpartum pelvic floor examination and treatment can prevent and control the occurrence or development of PFD. Spinal canal anesthesia has good analgesic effect during labor and delivery, has little effect on mothers and infants, and is widely used. However, there are few domestic and foreign reports on the effect of labor analgesia on the pelvic floor. Labor analgesia relaxes the pelvic floor muscles, unblocks the birth canal, and the influence on the pelvic floor muscles is worth exploring. Based on the pelvic floor muscle strength screening to understand the changes in the function of the pelvic floor muscles, combined with the three-dimensional pelvic floor ultrasound examination, the pelvic floor structure and the levator ani muscle are clearly imaged, and the pelvic floor muscle structure is evaluated in the natural state and the analgesic muscle relaxation state. This study used a combination of the two to evaluate the effect of labor analgesia on pelvic floor function of primiparous women; provide individualized intervention treatment for high-risk groups screened; provide clinical basis for the prevention and treatment of PFD.
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Caagbay, Delena-Mae, Kirsten Black, Ganesh Dangal, and Camille Rayes-Greenow. "Can a Leaflet with Brief Verbal Instruction Teach Nepali Women How to Correctly Contract Their Pelvic Floor Muscles?" Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 15, no. 2 (September 15, 2017): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhrc.v15i2.18160.
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Background: Pelvic organ prolapse is a common disorder for women in Nepal causing symptoms and reduced quality of life. Pelvic floor muscle exercise is a conservative treatment option for pelvic organ prolapse but the effective way to teach women in Nepal is not known. The objective of this pilot study was to determine if an illustrative leaflet with brief verbal instruction could teach Nepali women to correctly contract their pelvic floor muscles.Methods: Fifteen parous women attending two outpatient gynecology clinics in Kathmandu Valley were interviewed to assess their knowledge of pelvic organ prolapse and pelvic floor muscles exercise. Following verbal instruction and an illustrative leaflet on how to contract their pelvic floor muscles, the transabdominal real time ultrasound was applied to assess the muscle contraction. Results: The median age of 15 participants was 45 years (range 18-75 years) and 10 women had pelvic organ prolapse. Some of the participants (9/15) knew about pelvic organ prolapse but none were aware of the pelvic floor muscles. After being taught how to contract their pelvic floor muscle, only 4 of 14 correctly contracted the pelvic floor muscle. Conclusions: This study highlighted the low knowledge of the pelvic floor muscle, and brief verbal instruction with an illustrative leaflet is also not sufficient in teaching Nepali women how to correctly contract their pelvic floor muscle. Further research is needed to determine how to teach a correct pelvic floor muscle contraction for women with low literacy in resource poor settings.
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Pischedda, Antonella, Ferdinando Fusco, Andrea Curreli, Giovanni Grimaldi, and Furio Pirozzi Farina. "Pelvic floor and sexual male dysfunction." Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia 85, no. 1 (April 19, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2013.1.1.
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The pelvic floor is a complex multifunctional structure that corresponds to the genito- urinary-anal area and consists of muscle and connective tissue. It supports the urinary, fecal, sexual and reproductive functions and pelvic statics. The symptoms caused by pelvic floor dysfunction often affect the quality of life of those who are afflicted, worsening significantly more aspects of daily life. In fact, in addition to providing support to the pelvic organs, the deep floor muscles support urinary continence and intestinal emptying whereas the superficial floor muscles are involved in the mechanism of erection and ejaculation. So, conditions of muscle hypotonia or hypertonicity may affect the efficiency of the pelvic floor, altering both the functionality of the deep and superficial floor muscles. In this evolution of knowledge it is possible imagine how the rehabilitation techniques of pelvic floor muscles, if altered and able to support a voiding or evacuative or sexual dysfunction, may have a role in improving the health and the quality of life.
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Zając, Bartosz, Iwona Sulowska-Daszyk, Anna Mika, Artur Stolarczyk, Ewelina Rosłoniec, Aleksandra Królikowska, Marian Rzepko, and Łukasz Oleksy. "Reliability of Pelvic Floor Muscle Assessment with Transabdominal Ultrasound in Young Nulliparous Women." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 15 (August 3, 2021): 3449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10153449.
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The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of pelvic floor muscles evaluation via transabdominal ultrasonography in young nulliparous women and to present the methodology for quantitative assessment of the ultrasound image of the pelvic floor muscles visible as displacement of the posterior wall of the bladder, caused by action of the pelvic floor muscles. The study comprised 30 young, Caucasian, nulliparous women (age 22–27; 168.6 ± 5.1 cm; 57.1 ± 11.8 kg) without pelvic floor muscle dysfunctions. The intra-rater, test-retest and inter-rater reliability of pelvic floor muscles evaluation was performed using transabdominal ultrasound at rest and during voluntary contraction. The reliability was assessed at three points of the image (at the middle, on the right and left side). The reliability of the three-point measurement of the pelvic floor muscles transabdominal ultrasound is excellent in the case of intra-rater assessments, both at rest (ICC = 0.98–0.99) and during contraction (ICC = 0.97–0.98); moderate at rest (ICC = 0.54–0.62) and poor during contraction (ICC = 0.22–0.50) in the case of test–retest assessment; excellent at rest (ICC = 0.95–0.96), and good during contraction (ICC = 0.81–0.87) in the case of inter-rater assessment. Transabdominal ultrasound is a reliable method of pelvic floor muscle evaluation. The three-points of assessment used in our study allowed for broader and more comprehensive imaging of the pelvic floor muscle, e.g., for quantitative detection contractility imbalances between the left and right side Due to the fact that understanding mechanisms of pelvic floor muscle functioning is crucial in the therapy of pelvic floor dysfunctions, therefore, reliable, valid tests and instruments are important.
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Mittal, Rajni, Gayatri Rath, R. N. Sahai, and Mahima Aggarwal. "Understanding pelvic floor in women." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 10 (September 25, 2020): 4329. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20204337.
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Change from quadruped to erect posture has resulted in changes in the human pelvis. This has resulted in pelvis supporting the abdominal viscera. The bony pelvis is deficient on inferior aspect. Muscles covered by fascia on superior and inferior aspect. A good knowledge of pelvic floor is very basic and mandatory for any gynecologist as pelvic floor is crucial to support the pelvic organs and is required to maintain urinary and fecal continence.
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Suriyut, Janyaruk, Satoru Muro, Phichaya Baramee, Masayo Harada, and Keiichi Akita. "Various significant connections of the male pelvic floor muscles with special reference to the anal and urethral sphincter muscles." Anatomical Science International 95, no. 3 (December 23, 2019): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12565-019-00521-2.
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AbstractThe male pelvic floor is a complex structure formed by several muscles. The levator ani muscle and the perineal muscles are important components of the pelvic floor. The perineal muscles comprise the external anal sphincter, bulbospongiosus, superficial transverse perineal muscles, and ischiocavernosus. Although the connections of the muscles of the pelvic floor have been reported recently, the anatomical details of each muscle remain unclear. In this study, we examined the male pelvic floor to clarify the connection between the muscles related to function. Fifteen male pelvises were used for microscopic dissection, and three male pelvises were used for histological examination. On the lateral aspect, the perineal muscles were connected to each other. Bundles of the levator ani muscle extended to connect to the perineal muscles. In addition, the extended muscle bundle from the levator ani muscle and the perineal muscles surround the external urethral sphincter. On the medial aspect, the levator ani muscle and the external anal sphincter form the anterior and posterior muscular slings of the anal canal. The connection between the perineal muscles and levator ani muscle indicates a possible close relationship between the functions of the urethra and anus.
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Ferla, Lia, Caroline Darski, Luciana Laureano Paiva, Graciele Sbruzzi, and Adriane Vieira. "Synergism between abdominal and pelvic floor muscles in healthy women: a systematic review of observational studies." Fisioterapia em Movimento 29, no. 2 (June 2016): 399–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-5150.029.002.ao19.
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Abstract Introduction: The training of the pelvic floor muscles is widely used for treating pelvic floor dysfunctions, like urinary incontinence. During the training, abdominal contractions are avoided; however several studies support the use of the synergy between these muscle groups. Objective: Carrying out a systematic review of studies that seek to identify the presence of synergy between the muscles of the abdomen and the pelvic floor and its functionality in women without pelvic floor dysfunction. Methodology: To conduct the review, we have followed the recommendations proposed by the Cochrane Collaboration for systematic reviews. The literature search included the databases SCIELO, PEDro, MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL and EMBASE, and manual research, the starting date of the databases until August 2013. We included cross observational studies with healthy women who were assessed to find the presence of synergy between the abdominal muscles and the pelvic floor. Results: We included 10 articles and they all showed the existence of synergy between the abdominal and pelvic floor muscles in healthy women in the supine, sitting and standing positions. Conclusion: Thus, we can conclude that there is synergy between the muscles of the abdomen and the pelvic floor in healthy women. Better understanding the behavior of these muscles and synergy may favor the development of strategies for the prevention and treatment of disorders of the female pelvic floor muscles.
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Sapsford, R. "2. VAGINISMUS, VULVODYNIA AND PELVIC FLOOR MUSCLE ACTIVITY." Sexual Health 4, no. 4 (2007): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/shv4n4ab2.
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The pelvic floor muscles form the base of the abdominal cylinder and work in synergy with other muscles around the cylinder - the abdominal muscles and the diaphragm. Activity in each muscle group affects the others. Coordinated recruitment of these muscle groups is necessary for generation and maintenance of intra-abdominal pressure, postural support of the trunk, and during functional tasks such as lifting, coughing and nose blowing. Coordinated release of these groups is required for micturition, while defaecation may need activity in some muscles and release in others. Vaginismus and vulvodynia both have a component of over activity of the pelvic floor muscles which impairs normal function, though this over activity may only occur at the time of attempted penetration. Some of the physiological factors that contribute to this overactivity come from outside the pelvic floor muscle complex itself and can be ameliorated by understanding and management of these muscle synergies. An EMG study of muscle activity of the abdominal and pelvic floor muscles during a simulated body posturing for female sexual arousal will help to explain how the pelvic floor muscle over activity in vaginismus arises. Treatment programmes that have been used to successfully address these problems will be explained.
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Borkar, Sudini S. Sinai, and Binal Dave. "Rehabilitation of hypotonus pelvic floor muscles with a telerehab approach- Case report." Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research 8, no. 4 (November 15, 2021): 564–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijogr.2021.115.
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Pelvic floor muscle is a group of muscles which acts as a Sling to Support, Assist and Aid the functions of Bladder, Bowel and Sexual activities. Hypotonus Pelvic floor muscle Dysfunction is a common condition suffered by Postmenopausal women where the strength of the Pelvic muscles reduces. Mostly reported is the incidence of Urinary incontinence and Pelvic organ prolapse. There are Various Proven Exercises, Equipments and Interventions which can be administered for the Hypotonus rehabilitation however due to the Covid- 19 Pandemic lockdown and with Social distancing there was a dearth felt by the Pelvic floor therapist for the rehabilitation of the Pelvic floor concern. This case report discusses the Telerehab approach and Progression Intervention for the Hypotonic Pelvic floor rehabilitation by Improving the Strength and the Quality of life of the women during such times when reaching the Pelvic floor therapist is difficult.
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Callif, Debbie. "Biofeedback for Pelvic Muscle Dysfunction." Biofeedback 44, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5298/1081-5937-44.2.02.
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Biofeedback for pelvic floor muscle dysfunction provides a practical and effective intervention for elimination disorders. Dysfunction in the pelvic floor muscles can affect bladder and bowel function and can cause pelvic pain. According to the National Association of Continence, there are 25 million Americans affected by bladder or bowel incontinence. Surface electromyographic (sEMG) sensors monitor the electrical activity of the pelvic floor muscles. Additional muscle co-contractions of the obturator internus, hip adductors, and transverse abdominis can facilitate improvements in symptoms affected by pelvic floor dysfunction. Pelvic floor therapy incorporates urge reduction techniques and functional control strategies. Dietary and lifestyle recommendations are also provided. The Biofeedback Certification International Alliance (BCIA) is the primary certifying body in the fields of biofeedback and neurofeedback. BCIA has a Blueprint of Knowledge specific for certification in pelvic muscle dysfunction biofeedback (PMDB). The Blueprint outlines the fundamental science, history, and theory of sEMG biofeedback as used for elimination disorders and chronic pelvic pain. You can find more information on PMDB at www.bcia.org.
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Utama, Bobby Indra, Hasni Kemala Sari, and Hafni Bachtiar. "PERBEDAAN LEVEL RERATA KEKUATAN OTOT DASAR PANGGUL SEBELUM DAN SETELAH PERSALINAN SPONTAN PADA KELOMPOK INKONTINENSIA URIN DAN KELOMPOK NORMAL." JOURNAL OBGIN EMAS 1, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/aoj.1.1.7-14.2017.
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Trauma to the pelvic floor during delivery is now recognized as a major etiological factor against PFM disorders such as urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse and fecal incontinence. This study was conducted to analyze the differences in mean levels of differences of pelvic muscle strength before and after spontanous labor between stress urinary inconti-nence group and normal group. This research was done using analytic method with cross sectional design in 13 women with stress urinary incontinence, and 17 women with normal group. Subjects were collected in hospitals of Pariaman, Padang from May to December 2014. Examination of the pelvic floor muscle strength was performed with a perineometer. Differences between the mean difference in the strength of the pelvic floor muscles before and after spontaneous delivery between the two groups were analyzed using independent t test. The mean difference between the strength of the pelvic floor muscles before and after spontaneous labor in stress urinary incontinence group was larger than normal group (3.85 + 1.281 cmH2O vs 2,00 + 1.173 cmH2O, p = 0.000). The mean difference between the strength of the pelvic floor muscles before and after spontaneous labor in stress urinary incontinence group was significantly greater than the normal group.Keywords: Pelvic Floor Muscle, Urinary Incontinence, Spontaneous Labor
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Parezanovic-Ilic, Katarina, Branislav Jeremic, Ljiljana Mladenovic-Segedi, Slobodan Arsenijevic, and Milorad Jevtic. "Physical therapy in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 139, no. 9-10 (2011): 638–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1110638p.
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Introduction. Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is an involuntary release of urine through the urethra during the increase of abdominal pressure in the absence of m. detrusor contraction. The exercise of pelvic floor muscles is recommended as the first line of cure. It is the least invasive and the only method without any undesirable side effects, which leads to either improvement or complete cure of SUI in 80-85% of cases. Objective. The aim of this study was to establish whether the strengthening of pelvic floor muscles using proprioceptive neural facilitation (PNF) spiral dynamic technique was more efficient in comparison to classical Kegel exercise. Methods. The research was carried out at the Centre for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Clinical Centre Kragujevac. Sixty-six female patients with the symptoms of SUI were monitored in the period of two years. Thirty-four patients did pelvic floor muscle exercises twice a day, in the morning and in the evening, with 15-20 contractions. Thirty-two patients used PNF spiral dynamic technique for strengthening pelvic floor muscles. The patients who used the spiral dynamic technique also did some exercises from the program; they exercised twice a day, in the morning and in the evening, following the prescribed schedule. Treatment outcome was assessed by measuring the pelvic floor muscles by a vaginal dynamometer. Results. The values of the pelvic floor muscle force that were measured using the vaginal dynamometer in both examined groups (PNF spiral dynamic technique or Kegel exercise) were statistically significantly higher after the implemented exercise program (t-test; p=0.000). No statistically significant difference in pelvic floor muscle values was found between the patients who applied PNF spiral dynamic technique and those who did Kegel exercise either before or after the exercise (two-factor analysis of variance with repeated measurements, factor of exercise type; p=0.899). Conclusion. Strengthening of pelvic floor muscles by exercises results in a significant increase of pelvic floor muscle strength and reduction of SUI symptoms, regardless of the used exercise program, PNF spiral dynamic technique or Kegel exercise program.
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Barros, Fernanda Cabegi de, Patricia Driusso, Fernanda Roberto, Mariana Vieira Batistão, Mikaela Corrêa, and Tatiana de Oliveira Sato. "Activation of pelvic floor, lumbar and abdominal musculature during a simulated manual material handling task: a cross-sectional study." Fisioterapia e Pesquisa 27, no. 3 (July 2020): 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-2950/20005727032020.
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ABSTRACT Pelvic floor muscles act synergistically with the abdominal and lumbar muscles contributing to spine and pelvic control. These muscles are activated during activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure, such as manual material handling. The aim of our study was to assess the electrical activity of the lumbar, abdominal and pelvic floor muscles during manual material handling with different loads. This is a cross-sectional study with sixteen nulliparous continent women aged between 18 and 35 years. An electromyographic system was used to evaluate the activation of the multifidus, erector spinal (iliocostal) and abdominal rectus muscles bilaterally (Trigno Wireless®, DelSys®, Boston, USA) and another for the pelvic floor muscles (Thought Technology Ltd, Canadá). Electromyographic data were collected during manual handling of three loads: light (1.5 kg), medium (4.5 kg) and heavy (11.3 kg). Repeated measures ANOVA was applied to compare the activation among loads at a 5% level of significance (α = 0.05). There was a significant increase in the activation of the lumbar and abdominal musculature as the load increases. No difference among loads was found for the pelvic floor muscle activation. Pelvic floor muscles did not increase their activation in function of the load, as occur for the lumbar and abdominal muscles in nulliparous continent women. These findings need to be confirmed for incontinent woman, since it could have clinical implications for designing both occupational tasks and pelvic floor rehabilitation.
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Allon, Eleanor F. "The role of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in the rehabilitation of the pelvic floor muscles." British Journal of Nursing 28, no. 15 (August 8, 2019): 968–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2019.28.15.968.
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Pelvic floor dysfunction is a common problem, particularly for women. A weakness in the pelvic floor muscles can lead to one or more disorders developing, such as urinary incontinence or a pelvic organ prolapse. To combat this, it is advised that the pelvic floor muscles are exercised to strengthen them and help them become more supportive. However, more than 30% of women are unable to detect their pelvic floor muscles to produce an effective contraction. The introduction of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in pelvic healthcare poses a significant benefit in the rehabilitation of the pelvic floor muscles.
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Bezhenar, Vitaly F., Elena V. Frederiks, Margarita D. Leonova, and Anastasia D. Zharuk. "Anatomical and functional conditions of the pelvic floor muscles after assisted vaginal delivery." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 71, no. 5 (December 18, 2022): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd110888.
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BACKGROUND: The main function of the muscles of the perineum is to preserve the syntopy and topography of the organs of the abdominal cavity and small pelvis. Clinically, various groups of complaints that significantly worsen the patients quality of life manifest pelvic floor muscle failure. Currently, one of the most commonly discussed causes of pelvic organ prolapse is still considered obstetric trauma.
AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the anatomical and functional conditions of the pelvic floor muscles after normal physiologic childbirth and childbirth with the use of obstetric forceps.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in Maternity Hospital No. 13 (Saint Petersburg, Russia) in 20202021, which involved 137 patients who delivered through the natural birth canal with the use of obstetric forceps (main group, n = 47) or without the use of delivery instruments (control group, n = 90) six months after delivery. A comprehensive assessment of the condition of the pelvic floor muscles was carried out using the validated PFDI-20 questionnaire and ultrasound examination of the pelvic floor structures at rest. A functional assessment of the condition was carried out using the Pneumatic Pelvic Muscle Trainer XFT-0010.
RESULTS: Evaluating complaints using the PFDI-20 scale revealed that the median was 6.00 1.77 points in the main group and 5.50 1.29 points in the control group, the differences being not significant (p = 0.8). The ultrasound examination showed no significant difference in decreases in the thickness of the tendon center of the perineum and m. bulbocavernosus between the study groups; m. puborectalis thickness in the main group did not differ significantly from the norm either. The assessment of the functional condition of the pelvic floor muscles revealed no significant differences between the patients of the study groups.
CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained demonstrate the safety of the use of obstetric forceps for the anatomical and functional viabilities of the pelvic floor muscles and do not have significant differences compared to childbirth performed without the use of delivery instruments. However, the use of obstetric forceps in the practice of obstetricians and gynecologists can be a reliable tool that does not affect the quality of life of patients in the long term.
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Graf, Eveline, Barbara Borner, and Jessica Pehlke. "Pelvic floor muscles after birth: Do unstable shoes have an effect on pelvic floor activity and can this be measured reliably? – A feasibility study / Der Beckenboden nach der Geburt: Verändern instabile Schuhe die Aktivität und kann diese reliabel gemessen werden? – Eine Machbarkeitsstudie." International Journal of Health Professions 6, no. 1 (November 6, 2019): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijhp-2019-0013.
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Abstract Background Women often suffer from urinary incontinence after childbirth. Pelvic floor muscle training is an evidenced-based intervention to prevent urinary incontinence and improve its symptoms Aim The primary purpose of this study was to determine if there is a change in the activation of the pelvic floor muscles with different extrinsic parameters (barefoot versus unstable shoe). Second, we wanted to define variables that can be measured reliably and correlated with pelvic floor activity. Methods Data of 15 women who were 8 weeks to 6 months postpartum were analyzed. Two conditions (“barefoot” and “kyBoot”) were tested, with each participant performing three different tasks: walking, standing with an active pelvic floor, and standing with a passive pelvic floor. Three-dimensional kinematics of the body were recorded. Activity of the abdominal, back, and gluteal muscles was measured using surface electromyography (EMG). The activity of the pelvic floor was recorded using a vaginal electrode. Maximum pelvic floor activity was compared for each condition, and correlations among pelvic floor activity, kinematic variables, and skeletal muscle activity were determined. Results The maximum activity of the pelvic floor while walking was significantly higher when participants were barefoot than when they were wearing kyBoot shoes. For the standing trials, no significant differences between the conditions were detected. No surrogate marker was found to measure the pelvic floor activity. Conclusion With regard to the pelvic floor musculature, no recommendation is possible in favor of or against wearing unstable shoes. Technical developments are necessary to provide solutions to reliably measure the pelvic floor activity.
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Hartin, Louise. "We Can Do More For The Pelvic Floor." Practising midwife 25, no. 11 (December 1, 2022): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.55975/hbky1356.
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Age, pregnancy, childbirth and an increased body mass index are all risk factors for urinary incontinence. Pregnancy alone will cause increased stretch and stress on the pelvic floor muscles. Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is the first line invention to help reduce pelvic floor dysfunction. However, with information overload during the antenatal period and an overworked maternity service, women may receive little to no information regarding pelvic floor health.
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Savchuk, R. V., F. I. Kostyev, S. V. Golovko, Y. M. Dekhtiar, and K. A. Zalyva. "Electromyographic features of the perineum and pelvic floor in patients with an artificial bladder." Medicni perspektivi (Medical perspectives) 26, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26641/2307-0404.2021.3.241930.
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Aim – to assess the electromyographic features of the pelvic floor muscles and the sphincter apparatus in patients who underwent radical cystprostatectomy with the formation of an artificial bladder.The main study group consisted of 57 patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer who underwent a standard radical cystprostatectomy with ileocystoplasty. The study of the pelvic floor muscular bioelectric activity with computed electromyography (EMG) of the sphincter apparatus of the pelvic organs was carried out on a 2-channel computer electromyograph "NeuroTrac ™ MyoPlus4". The obtained results of the study of the bioelectric activity of the pelvic floor muscles showed a decrease in the amplitude of contractions in the Work Average mode by 42.1% (p≤0.001) for the perineal electrode, and by 35.7% (p≤0.05) for the rectal electrode, compared with the control group, which indicates a low contractility of the muscular diaphragm of the pelvis and may cause incontinence in patients with an artificial bladder. The average deviation over the entire duration of the session in Work mode in the group of patients with neobladder in channels A and B was 2.3 (p≤0.05) and 1.9 (p≤0.05) times higher, respectively, compared with control group. These data indicate an imbalance in the muscle tone of the pelvic floor in patients after extensive reconstructive intervention on the pelvic organs and can potentiate urodynamic disorders in the study group of patients. The average amplitude (Rest Average) of the activity of biopotentials in the resting state of the pelvic floor muscles along channels A and B is higher by 42.4% and 47.6% (p≤0.05), in comparison with the control group, which indicates insufficient relaxation and rest of striated muscles and sphincter. Despite the change in bioelectric potentials from the rectal electrode in the study group of patients, there were no signs of functional insufficiency of the anal sphincter, in contrast to the severity of urinary incontinence, which correlated and corresponded to the results of bioelectrical changes obtained through channels A and B, up to oscillations and loss of complete control. The EMG analysis of the pelvic floor muscles revealed characteristic changes in the biopotentials of the pelvic sphincters and indicated their relationship with the clinical features of the rehabilitation of this group of patients and the prospect of including the biofeedback method. It is a derivative form of the electromyographic signal in the treatment of incontinence in patients with neobladder.
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田中, 喜代次, and 勝正 後藤. "Exercise for pelvic floor muscles." Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine 71, no. 3 (June 1, 2022): 253–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.71.253.
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Stankiewicz, Aleksandra, and Nelesh N. Jeyadevan. "Fibromatosis involving pelvic floor muscles." BJR|case reports 2, no. 3 (August 2016): 20150239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjrcr.20150239.
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Enck, Paul, and David B. Vodušek. "Electromyography of pelvic floor muscles." Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 16, no. 6 (December 2006): 568–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2006.08.007.
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Apolikhina, Inna A., Valerii V. Rodionov, Anna S. Seialova, Aina S. Saidova, and Irina A. Gukasian. "Pelvic floor muscle training in women with a history of breast cancer." Gynecology 21, no. 1 (February 15, 2019): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/20795696.2019.1.190229.
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Relevance. The issue of pelvic floor muscle dysfunction (PFMD) is common in female population. It causes severe moral suffering and reduces both social activity and a quality of patient’s life. In this regard PFMD management with modern methods for training of pelvic floor muscles using devices is the "first line" method. Aim. To study treatment effectiveness and a quality of life in women with PFMD followed radical treatment for breast cancer (BC). Outcomes and methods. A prospective clinical study on clinical efficacy of a biofeedback method in combination with electrical stimulation of pelvic floor muscles using a device “Urostim” in patients with mild PFMD followed combined treatment fpr BC was carried out at Department of Aesthetic Gynecology of V.I.Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology. The study included 15 postmenopausal women. Results. It was established that 10 sessions of pelvic floor muscles training in a mode of biofeedback result in beneficial effects on for all clinical indicators. Conclusion. PFMD treatment by training of pelvic floor muscles using devices is one of the most promising ways to reduce surgical interventions number in urogynecology and to provide a rehabilitation of women who had surgery for BC.
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Dikke, G. B., Yu G. Kucheryavaya, A. A. Sukhanov, I. I. Kukarskaya, and E. Yu Scherbatykh. "Modern methods of assessing function and strength ofpelvic muscles in women." Medical alphabet 1, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2019-1-1(376)-80-85.
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Objective: to provide an overview of modern methods for assessing the function and strength of the pelvic floor muscles in women available for clinical practice. The main provisions. Foreign and domestic sources found in free access Internet databases were analyzed. Visual observation, palpation, perineometry, electromyography, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging measure various aspects of the function and strength of the pelvic floor muscles. Perineometry allows you to accurately measure the force of contractions of the pelvic floor muscles and is an easy and affordable way. Oxford vaginal palpation technologies, biofeedback devices, and ultrasound can be important clinical tools in the practice of a physician to quantify dysfunction of the pelvic floor. Conclusion. The obtained data on methods for assessing the function and strength of the pelvic floor muscles indicate the need for perineometry in clinical practice for the timely diagnosis of pelvic floor insufficiency, which will allow choosing the right rehabilitation method for women of different age groups.
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Sethi, Jasobanta. "Effect of habitual lumbar curvature on electromyographic activity of trunk muscle and intravaginal pressure during still standing and dynamic task among non-osteoporotic post-menopausal women." Journal of medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences 11, no. 6 (December 31, 2022): 5434–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.55522/jmpas.v11i6.4673.
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The pelvic floor muscles support vital organs like the bladder, colon, and internal reproductive systems. These muscles synergistically function with the abdominal muscle to control continence. Pelvic floor muscle insufficiency results in poor control over continence during various activities. The efficient control of abdominal muscles to support the pelvic floor function require stabilization of the spine which in turn gets affected by the change in the mechanics due to the altered lumbar spine angle. In the present study, we intended to find the effect of lumbar spine angle on trunk muscle tonic activity, and pelvic floor function. A total of seventy-eight non-osteoporotic menopausal continent women were recruited and based on their lumbar lordotic angle, they were allocated to three groups (Hyper, hypo, and normal lordosis). The electromyographic tonic activity of erector spinae (ES), rectus abdominis (RA), and vaginal pressure was recorded during standing still (SS), maximal coughing (MC), and Valsalva maneuver (VM). The data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance and the Tukey post hoc test. The confidence level was kept at 95%, i.e., p<0.05. We found the trunk muscle tonic activity and vaginal pressure reduced as the lumbar lordotic angle changed to a hyper and hypo lordotic spine.
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Swash, M., M. M. Henry, and S. J. Snooks. "Unifying Concept of Pelvic Floor Disorders and Incontinence." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 78, no. 11 (November 1985): 906–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107688507801105.
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Denervation of pelvic floor sphincter muscles is a feature of pelvic floor disorders. When severe, it may be accompanied by stress incontinence of faeces, or of urine. The extent of chronic partial denervation of these pelvic floor muscles can be quantified by electromyography (EMG), and its cause identified by electrophysiological studies of the motor innervation of these striated muscles. Damage to this innervation is often initiated by childbirth, but appears to progress during a period of many years so that the functional disorder usually presents in middle life. Incontinence develops in some patients, but not in others. This can be predicted by the severity of the abnormalities found in EMG studies of the pelvic sphincter musculature and motor latency studies of its innervation. The results of such investigations in the six common types of pelvic floor disorder are presented. Recognition of the causative factors leading to damage to the innervation of the pelvic sphincter muscles implies new approaches to treatment and to prevention of pelvic floor disorders and incontinence.
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Yusita, Intan, Jusuf Effendi, and Achadiyani. "Effect Of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training On Uterus Involution In Spontane Postpartum Mother." Health Media 1, no. 2 (June 22, 2020): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.55756/hm.v1i2.31.
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Childbirth is a natural occurrence experienced by every pregnant woman. Postpartum mothers have problems with uterine involution. One activity that is recommended for mothers after childbirth is the puerperal exercises Pelvic Floor Muscle Treatment (PFMT) or exercises specifically performed for pelvic floor muscles. The research method uses quasy experiment with one group post test design with control. The total sample is 36 people. Sampling technique is done by consecutive sampling with random permutation block. The instrument of data collection that is observational sheet is doing direct observation to the object of research to look closely at the activities carried out. Observation sheet which includes Pelvic floor muscle training. Pelvic Floor Muscle Training exercises affect the acceleration of decreased uterine fundus height (TFU) in Postpartum mothers compared to not doing gymnastics. Health workers should try to provide counseling and counseling about the importance of Pelvic floor muscle training.
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Li, Yiwei, Yun Shi, Ju Qin, and Ting Wang. "Application of a new biological material in obstetric nursing." Materials Express 12, no. 7 (July 1, 2022): 963–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2022.2235.
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Female postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction disease|(PFD) is a series of diseases caused by pelvic floor injury, defects, and dysfunction. The disease mainly includes pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Although PFD is not fatal, it can seriously affect the quality of life of patients. For this reason, women need to repair the pelvic floor muscles after childbirth. In this study, we used a new polypropylene mesh biomaterial implanted into the vagina and then repaired the pelvic floor and observed its repair effect. Pathological tests proved that the new biological material caused certain acute inflammatory reactions after implantation in the vagina, which increased the number of collagen cells in the pelvic floor muscle and restored its function.
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Cerruto, M. A., and F. Zattoni. "Anatomy and nerve supply of the pelvic floor." Urologia Journal 75, no. 4 (October 2008): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039156030807500405.
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In order to guarantee urinary and fecal continence as well as correct pelvic statics, the perfect neuroanatomical integrity of the pelvic floor muscles is mandatory. As Dickinson stated: “There is no considerable muscle in the body whose form and function are more difficult to understand than those of the levator ani, and about which such nebulous impressions prevail”. Clinical implications of pelvic floor anatomy and nerve supply are evident: a denervation of this muscle group and the consequent muscle dysfunction could result in urinary and/or fecal incontinence, as well as pelvic organ prolapse.
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Hagen, Suzanne, Carol Bugge, Sarah G. Dean, Andrew Elders, Jean Hay-Smith, Mary Kilonzo, Doreen McClurg, et al. "Basic versus biofeedback-mediated intensive pelvic floor muscle training for women with urinary incontinence: the OPAL RCT." Health Technology Assessment 24, no. 70 (December 2020): 1–144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta24700.
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Background Urinary incontinence affects one in three women worldwide. Pelvic floor muscle training is an effective treatment. Electromyography biofeedback (providing visual or auditory feedback of internal muscle movement) is an adjunct that may improve outcomes. Objectives To determine the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of biofeedback-mediated intensive pelvic floor muscle training (biofeedback pelvic floor muscle training) compared with basic pelvic floor muscle training for treating female stress urinary incontinence or mixed urinary incontinence. Design A multicentre, parallel-group randomised controlled trial of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of biofeedback pelvic floor muscle training compared with basic pelvic floor muscle training, with a mixed-methods process evaluation and a longitudinal qualitative case study. Group allocation was by web-based application, with minimisation by urinary incontinence type, centre, age and baseline urinary incontinence severity. Participants, therapy providers and researchers were not blinded to group allocation. Six-month pelvic floor muscle assessments were conducted by a blinded assessor. Setting This trial was set in UK community and outpatient care settings. Participants Women aged ≥ 18 years, with new stress urinary incontinence or mixed urinary incontinence. The following women were excluded: those with urgency urinary incontinence alone, those who had received formal instruction in pelvic floor muscle training in the previous year, those unable to contract their pelvic floor muscles, those pregnant or < 6 months postnatal, those with prolapse greater than stage II, those currently having treatment for pelvic cancer, those with cognitive impairment affecting capacity to give informed consent, those with neurological disease, those with a known nickel allergy or sensitivity and those currently participating in other research relating to their urinary incontinence. Interventions Both groups were offered six appointments over 16 weeks to receive biofeedback pelvic floor muscle training or basic pelvic floor muscle training. Home biofeedback units were provided to the biofeedback pelvic floor muscle training group. Behaviour change techniques were built in to both interventions. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was urinary incontinence severity at 24 months (measured using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Urinary Incontinence Short Form score, range 0–21, with a higher score indicating greater severity). The secondary outcomes were urinary incontinence cure/improvement, other urinary and pelvic floor symptoms, urinary incontinence-specific quality of life, self-efficacy for pelvic floor muscle training, global impression of improvement in urinary incontinence, adherence to the exercise, uptake of other urinary incontinence treatment and pelvic floor muscle function. The primary health economic outcome was incremental cost per quality-adjusted-life-year gained at 24 months. Results A total of 300 participants were randomised per group. The primary analysis included 225 and 235 participants (biofeedback and basic pelvic floor muscle training, respectively). The mean 24-month International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Urinary Incontinence Short Form score was 8.2 (standard deviation 5.1) for biofeedback pelvic floor muscle training and 8.5 (standard deviation 4.9) for basic pelvic floor muscle training (adjusted mean difference –0.09, 95% confidence interval –0.92 to 0.75; p = 0.84). A total of 48 participants had a non-serious adverse event (34 in the biofeedback pelvic floor muscle training group and 14 in the basic pelvic floor muscle training group), of whom 23 (21 in the biofeedback pelvic floor muscle training group and 2 in the basic pelvic floor muscle training group) had an event related/possibly related to the interventions. In addition, there were eight serious adverse events (six in the biofeedback pelvic floor muscle training group and two in the basic pelvic floor muscle training group), all unrelated to the interventions. At 24 months, biofeedback pelvic floor muscle training was not significantly more expensive than basic pelvic floor muscle training, but neither was it associated with significantly more quality-adjusted life-years. The probability that biofeedback pelvic floor muscle training would be cost-effective was 48% at a £20,000 willingness to pay for a quality-adjusted life-year threshold. The process evaluation confirmed that the biofeedback pelvic floor muscle training group received an intensified intervention and both groups received basic pelvic floor muscle training core components. Women were positive about both interventions, adherence to both interventions was similar and both interventions were facilitated by desire to improve their urinary incontinence and hindered by lack of time. Limitations Women unable to contract their muscles were excluded, as biofeedback is recommended for these women. Conclusions There was no evidence of a difference between biofeedback pelvic floor muscle training and basic pelvic floor muscle training. Future work Research should investigate other ways to intensify pelvic floor muscle training to improve continence outcomes. Trial registration Current Controlled Trial ISRCTN57746448. Funding This project was funded by the NIHR Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 24, No. 70. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Roupakias, Stylianos, and Xenophon Sinopidis. "Pelvic Floor Muscles Contribution in Surgical Outcome of Children with High-type Anorectal Malformations." Prague Medical Report 122, no. 3 (2021): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23362936.2021.16.
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As a consequence of high-type anorectal malformations (ARMs) pathogenesis, the pelvic floor muscles remain severely underdeveloped or hypoplastic, the rectal pouch is located at the level or above the puborectalis sling, and the bowel terminates outside the sphincter muscle complex support. For children with high-type ARMs the ultimate objective of therapy is mainly to grow up having bowel continence function that is compatible with a good quality of life, and the final prognosis depends significantly on the grade of development of pelvic floor muscles and the successful entering of the anorectum fully within the support of the external anal sphincter due to intraoperative conservation of the puborectalis sling. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has recently become the preferred imaging study for prediction of functional outcomes, since it can define the anatomy and evaluate the development of the sphincteric muscles before and after surgical correction. Based on recent literature and our clinical experience, we will discuss the relevance of pelvic floor muscles MRI to the clinical outcome of children with high type ARMs.
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Thor, Karl B., and William C. de Groat. "Neural control of the female urethral and anal rhabdosphincters and pelvic floor muscles." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 299, no. 2 (August 2010): R416—R438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00111.2010.
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The urethral rhabdosphincter and pelvic floor muscles are important in maintenance of urinary continence and in preventing descent of pelvic organs [i.e., pelvic organ prolapse (POP)]. Despite its clinical importance and complexity, a comprehensive review of neural control of the rhabdosphincter and pelvic floor muscles is lacking. The present review places historical and recent basic science findings on neural control into the context of functional anatomy of the pelvic muscles and their coordination with visceral function and correlates basic science findings with clinical findings when possible. This review briefly describes the striated muscles of the pelvis and then provides details on the peripheral innervation and, in particular, the contributions of the pudendal and levator ani nerves to the function of the various pelvic muscles. The locations and unique phenotypic characteristics of rhabdosphincter motor neurons located in Onuf's nucleus, and levator ani motor neurons located diffusely in the sacral ventral horn, are provided along with the locations and phenotypes of primary afferent neurons that convey sensory information from these muscles. Spinal and supraspinal pathways mediating excitatory and inhibitory inputs to the motor neurons are described; the relative contributions of the nerves to urethral function and their involvement in POP and incontinence are discussed. Finally, a detailed summary of the neurochemical anatomy of Onuf's nucleus and the pharmacological control of the rhabdosphincter are provided.
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Halski, Tomasz, Lucyna Słupska, Robert Dymarek, Janusz Bartnicki, Urszula Halska, Agata Król, Małgorzata Paprocka-Borowicz, Janusz Dembowski, Romuald Zdrojowy, and Kuba Ptaszkowski. "Evaluation of Bioelectrical Activity of Pelvic Floor Muscles and Synergistic Muscles Depending on Orientation of Pelvis in Menopausal Women with Symptoms of Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Preliminary Observational Study." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/274938.
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Objectives. Evaluation of resting and functional bioelectrical activity of the pelvic floor muscles (PFM) and the synergistic muscles, depending on the orientation of the pelvis, in anterior (P1) and posterior (P2) pelvic tilt.Design. Preliminary, prospective observational study.Setting. Department and Clinic of Urology, University Hospital in Wroclaw, Poland.Participants. Thirty-two menopausal and postmenopausal women with stress urinary incontinence were recruited. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, sixteen women aged 55 to 70 years were enrolled in the study.Primary Outcome Measures. Evaluation of resting and functional bioelectrical activity of the pelvic floor muscles by electromyography (sEMG) and vaginal probe.Secondary Outcome Measures. Evaluation of activity of the synergistic muscles by sEMG and surface electrodes.Results. No significant differences between orientations P1 and P2 were found in functional and resting sEMG activity of the PFM. During resting and functional PFM activity, higher electrical activity in P2 than in P1 has been recorded in some of the synergistic muscles.Conclusions. This preliminary study does not provide initial evidence that pelvic tilt influences PFM activation. Although different activity of synergistic muscles occurs in various orientations of the pelvic tilt, it does not have to affect the sEMG activity of the PFM.
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Marzouk, Tyseer, and Hanan Nabil. "Effectiveness of pelvic floor muscles training on females’ sexual function throughout pregnancy and postpartum." Clinical Nursing Studies 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/cns.v8n2p21.
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Objective: This study aimed to evaluate effectiveness of pelvic floor muscles training on females’ sexual function throughout pregnancy and postpartum.Methods: A quasi experimental research design was applied at the antenatal clinic of Mansoura University hospital, Egypt. A purposive sample of 72 nulliparous singleton pregnant client free from any connotation affect sexual practice was studied. The subjects were allocated into two groups; control group received conventional antenatal and postnatal care, while the intervention group received the same care besides performing pelvic floor muscle exercise at 20 weeks pregnancy until 10-12 weeks postpartum. Female sexual function, sexual quality of life, and strength of the pelvic floor muscle contraction were evaluated at baseline, at 28-30 weeks gestation, and at 10-12 weeks postpartum, by using the female sexual function index scale, sexual quality of life-female, and the Oxford grading scale.Results: The total female sexual quality of life index scores in the intervention group were higher than those of the control group at the pregnancy and postpartum follow ups (22.3 ± 6.9 vs. 15.9 ± 6.8 & 26.0 ± 6.7 vs. 13.5 ± 6.3 respectively; p < .001). The sexual quality of life-female scores were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group at the pregnancy follow up evaluation (54.2 ± 15.9 vs. 36.9 ± 9.7 respectively, p < .001) and at the postpartum follow up evaluation (59.8 ± 13.5 vs. 30.3 ± 7.0 respectively, p < .001). The pelvic floor muscles strength was significantly better in the intervention group than in the control group at the pregnancy follow up evaluation and at the postpartum follow up evaluation.Conclusions: Pelvic floor muscle training during early gestation weeks was an effective tool for improvement of the female sexual function, sexual quality of life-female, and pelvic floor muscles strength during pregnancy and postpartum. Thus, it should be encouraged for pregnant mothers at early weeks and continued till postpartum.
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Starzec-Proserpio, Małgorzata, Montserrat Rejano-Campo, Agata Szymańska, Jacek Szymański, and Barbara Baranowska. "The Association between Postpartum Pelvic Girdle Pain and Pelvic Floor Muscle Function, Diastasis Recti and Psychological Factors—A Matched Case-Control Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10 (May 20, 2022): 6236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106236.
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There is uncertainty regarding the association between abdominal morphology, pelvic floor function, and psychological factors in women with postpartum pelvic girdle pain (PGP). The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate the differences between women with and without persistent PGP regarding pelvic floor function, diastasis recti, and psychological factors 6–24 weeks postpartum. Pelvic floor manometry, palpation examination of abdominal muscles, the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form, The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale—21, and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale were used. The PGP group presented with lower vaginal resting pressure (p < 0.001), more tenderness (p = 0.018) and impaired voluntary activation of pelvic floor muscles (p ≤ 0.001). Women with pain also had more distortion on the level of the anterior abdominal wall (p = 0.001) and more severe diastasis recti (p = 0.046) when compared to pain-free controls. Lower vaginal resting pressure was the strongest factor explaining PGP (OR 0.702, 95%CI 0.502–0.981). There were no differences in terms of the pelvic floor strength, endurance, severity of urinary incontinence and reported distress between the groups. Women with PGP 6–24 weeks postpartum differ in pelvic floor and abdominal muscle function from the pain-free controls. Vaginal resting pressure may be an important factor in pelvic girdle pain shortly postpartum. Further studies are needed to see a trend in changes over time.
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Diniz, Marklana Da Frota, Thiago Brasileiro De Vasconcelos, Juliana Lerche Vieira Rocha Pires, Marineide Meireles Nogueira, and Giselle Notini Arcanjo. "Assessment of the strength of the pelvic floor musculature in women who practice Mat Pilates." Manual Therapy, Posturology & Rehabilitation Journal 12 (May 13, 2014): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.17784/mtprehabjournal.2014.12.178.
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Introduction: The Pilates Method is a program of physical and mental training that works the body as a whole, aiming to gain muscle strength, mainly at the central region formed by the abdominal muscles, spine and pelvic floor, and to promote stretching and flexibility. Objective: To investigate the effects of this technique in the pelvic floor muscle activity, noting the type of fiber was more work during the practice of this activities in soil (Mat Pilates). Method: It was a character study of interventional, observational, descriptive, conducted during the months from March to May 2011, in which six women aged between 35 and 65 years, who underwent Mat Pilates classes twice a week, was rated the strength of pelvic floor, by Perina®perineometer pressure before and after the eight classes. Results: It was observed that all the volunteers had gained in strength in both types of muscle fibers, and 84% (p < 0.05) had greater gain in type 2 fibers. Conclusion: The Mat Pilates to increase the influence of the pelvic floor muscle strength it and can be used to prevent dysfunctions dysfunction of these muscles.
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WALL, L. LEWIS. "The Muscles of the Pelvic Floor." Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 36, no. 4 (December 1993): 910–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003081-199312000-00016.
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Wallner, Christian, Cornelis P. Maas, Noshir F. Dabhoiwala, Wouter H. Lamers, and Marco C. DeRuiter. "Innervation of the Pelvic Floor Muscles." Obstetrics & Gynecology 108, no. 3, Part 1 (September 2006): 529–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aog.0000228510.08019.77.
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Dubrovsky, B., M. Martinez-Gomez, and P. Pacheco. "Spinal control of pelvic floor muscles." Experimental Neurology 88, no. 2 (May 1985): 277–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-4886(85)90191-8.
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Vinarov, A. Z., L. M. Rapoport, G. E. Krupinov, Yu L. Demidko, D. G. Tsarichenko, E. A. Bezrukov, M. E. Enikeev, and V. A. Tereshchenko. "Biofeedback-assisted pelvic floor muscle training in patients with urinary incontinence after laparoscopic and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy." Cancer Urology 14, no. 2 (July 7, 2018): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2018-14-2-102-108.
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Background. Pelvic floor muscle exercises are used as a first-line treatment for urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy. Their efficacy is still being investigated. The use of biofeedback when teaching pelvic floor muscle exercises to patients increases the effectiveness of therapy.Objective: to assess the efficacy of biofeedback-assisted pelvic floor muscle training in patients with urinary incontinence after laparoscopic and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy and to compare the results of teaching.Materials and methods. A total of 64 patients with urinary incontinence after nerve sparing prostatectomy underwent biofeedback-assisted pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation. Radical laparoscopic surgery was performed in 48 (75 %) patients, whereas robot-assisted surgery was performed in 16 (25 %) patients. The patients started their training 2 months postoperatively. We used two-channel electromyography with the Neurotrack ETS system (United Kingdom) to teach the patients isolated pelvic floor muscle contractions. After achieving a minimum activity of abdominal muscles during pelvic floor muscle contractions, the patients started exercises.Results. There was no significant difference in age between patients who underwent laparoscopic and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (р = 0.79). Fifty-five patients (85.9%) acquired the skill of isolated pelvic floor muscle contractions and could perform training on their own. The remaining 9 patients (14.1 %) required regular support from healthcare professionals at an outpatient unit (1–2 biofeedback-assisted trainings per month). Thus, the type of surgery did not affect the process of training. The type of radical prostatectomy had no impact on the acquisition of the pelvic floor muscle contraction skill.Conclusion. The time for restoration of urinary continence by biofeedback-assisted pelvic floor muscle training did not vary between patients after laparoscopic and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.
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Szymański, Jacek K., Małgorzata Starzec-Proserpio, Aneta Słabuszewska-Jóźwiak, and Grzegorz Jakiel. "Is PREHAB in Pelvic Floor Surgery Needed? A Topical Review." Medicina 56, no. 11 (November 6, 2020): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56110593.
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Pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence affect approximately 6–11% and 6–40% of women, respectively. These pathologies could result from a weakness of pelvic floor muscles (PFM) caused by previous deliveries, aging or surgery. It seems reasonable that improving PFM efficacy should positively impact both pelvic floor therapy and surgical outcomes. Nonetheless, the existing data are inconclusive and do not clearly support the positive impact of preoperative pelvic floor muscle training on the improvement of surgical results. The restoration of deteriorated PFM function still constitutes a challenge. Thus, further well-designed prospective studies are warranted to answer the question of whether preoperative PFM training could optimize surgical outcomes and if therapeutic actions should focus on building muscle strength or rather on enhancing muscle performance.
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Barisic, G., Z. Krivokapic, V. Markovic, D. Saranovic, V. Kalezic, and A. Sekulic. "Endorectal ultrasound (ERUS) in pelvic disorders." Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 53, no. 2 (2006): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci0602117b.
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Endorectal ultrasound (ERUS) imaging is a complex process using electronic devices to control ultrasound waves and produce images of anatomic structures. It is a simple, cheep and well-tolerated procedure that provides excellent images of rectal and anal canal wall and pelvic floor muscles together with surrounding organs and tissues. The direct imaging of anal canal and pelvic floor muscles with surrounding tissues allows one to identify sphincter defects, anorectal abscesses and fistulas as well as great variety of benign and malignant pathology of the pelvis. Basically, techniques for ERUS are very similar, but there are some slight modifications regarding equipment, indications, and localization of pathologic process. We describe the technique, indications, results and pitfalls of ERUS with the Bruel & Kjaer type 1850 endosonic probe with 7 and 10 MHz transducers in benign pelvic disorders. .
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Silva, Ana, Mary Montenegro, Maria Gurian, Andreia Mitidieri, Lucia Lara, Omero Poli-Neto, and Julio Rosa e Silva. "Perineal Massage Improves the Dyspareunia Caused by Tenderness of the Pelvic Floor Muscles." Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics 39, no. 01 (December 27, 2016): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1597651.
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Aim To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of perineal Thiele massage in the treatment of women with dyspareunia caused by tenderness of the pelvic floor muscles. Methods A total of 18 women with diagnoses of dyspareunia caused by tenderness of the pelvic floor muscles were included in the study. The women were divided in two groups: the dyspareunia (D) group – 8 women with dyspareunia caused by tenderness of the pelvic floor muscles; and the chronic pelvic pain group (CPP) group – 10 women with dyspareunia caused by tenderness of the pelvic floor muscles associated with CPP. Each patient filled out the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the McGill Pain Index, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). After an evaluation, the women underwent transvaginal massage using the Thiele technique over a period of 5 minutes, once a week for 4 weeks. Results All women had significant improvements in their dyspareunia according the VAS and the McGill Pain Index (p < 0,001), but the HADS scores did not show significant differences. Regarding sexual function, the D group showed improvements on all aspects of sexual function, while the CPP group showed differences only in the pain domain. Conclusion Thiele massage is effective in the treatment of dyspareunia caused by tenderness of the pelvic floor muscles with a long-term pain relief.
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Rocca Rossetti, Salvatore. "Functional anatomy of pelvic floor." Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia 88, no. 1 (March 31, 2016): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2016.1.28.
Full textAbstract:
Generally, descriptions of the pelvic floor are discordant, since its complex structures and the complexity of pathological disorders of such structures; commonly the descriptions are sectorial, concerning muscles, fascial developments, ligaments and so on. On the contrary to understand completely nature and function of the pelvic floor it is necessary to study it in the most unitary view and in the most global aspect, considering embriology, philogenesy, anthropologic development and its multiple activities others than urological, gynaecological and intestinal ones. Recent acquirements succeeded in clarifying many aspects of pelvic floor activity, whose musculature has been investigated through electromyography, sonography, magnetic resonance, histology, histochemistry, molecular research. Utilizing recent research concerning not only urinary and gynecologic aspects but also those regarding statics and dynamics of pelvis and its floor, it is now possible to study this important body part as a unit; that means to consider it in the whole body economy to which maintaining upright position, walking and behavior or physical conduct do not share less than urinary, genital, and intestinal functions. It is today possible to consider the pelvic floor as a musclefascial unit with synergic and antagonistic activity of muscular bundles, among them more or less interlaced, with multiple functions and not only the function of pelvic cup closure.
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Wakaiki, Tomohiro, Takayuki Tanaka, Koji Shimatani, Yuichi Kurita, and Tadayuki Iida. "Individualization of Musculoskeletal Model for Analyzing Pelvic Floor Muscles Activity Based on Gait Motion Features." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 30, no. 6 (December 20, 2018): 991–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2018.p0991.
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Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a typical quality of life disease in women. The strengthening of the pelvic floor muscle (PFM) is considered effective to prevent this. Specifically, PFM activity is affected by individual pelvic shape and posture. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze muscle activity by considering the individual differences. In this study, individual pelvic alignment was estimated from the feature values of natural gait via multiple regression analysis. In addition, individual pelvic feature points were derived from X-ray images and used to deform the standard model to obtain individual pelvic shapes. Results indicate that the residual averages of the estimated feature angles were less than 2° in most cases. Subsequently, measurements of the pelvis were obtained via MRI to evaluate the estimated pelvis shape. The results indicate that individual adaptation leads to muscle attachment positions, which are important in the muscle activity analysis, and closer to the true MRI value when compared to that of the standard pelvic model.
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Santana, Emanuela Izania dos Reis, Larissa Maria da Silva Borgéa, Muriel Miranda de Freitas, Laiane Santos Eufrásio, Lysnara Rodrigues Barros Lial, Nara Calaça Ribeiro, Mona Indianara da Costa Aragão, and Sávia Francisca Lopes Dias. "Evaluation of pelvic floor muscles and sexual function in pregnant women: cross-sectional research." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 14 (November 2, 2021): e297101421637. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i14.21637.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate pelvic floor functionality and sexual function in pregnant women. The study was characterized as a descriptive and transversal research. The population consisted of 19 pregnant women, living in Parnaíba/PI. The women's assessment instruments were the evaluation and identification form that contained sociodemographic data, clinical history, obstetric and urogynecological data; the NEW PERFECT scheme was used to assess the functionality of the pelvic floor muscles and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) to assess sexual function. Mean age was 25.95 (± 3.54) years, mean pelvic floor muscle strength was 2.47 (± 1.28); resistance was 4.31 (± 2.99) seconds; the number of repetitions of the contractions maintained was 2.63 (± 1.6) times; and rapid contractions were 5.05 (± 2.87) contractions. Sexual function according to the FSFI totaled a score of 25.61. In this study, it was possible to infer important deficiencies and limitations regarding strength, coordination, control and activation of the pelvic floor muscles. As in the sexual function domain, the FSFI result indicates possible dysfunctions with an emphasis on the hypoactivity of sexual desire.
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Shafaq, Sadia. "PELVIC FLOOR REHABILITATION IN MALES…. AN IGNORED DOMAIN." Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation 6, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.36283/pjr.zu.6.2/002.
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y writing in Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation, I would like to draw attention of the readers toward the ignorance on the need of physical therapy in pelvic floor rehabilitation among males. Urinary incontinence is prevalent by 1.8-30.5% in Europe, 1.7-36.4% in USA and is 1.5-15.2% in Asian population due to pelvic floor muscle dysfunction. By recent studies, it has been observed that urinary incontinence in males has less emphasis when compared with females. Urinary incontinence among males is possibly an outcome of prostatitis, trauma, chronic infection, obesity, heavy lifting, benign prostate hyperplasia, prostatectomy4, and many other age-related diseases. Globally, pelvic pain and dysfunction influence millions of males worldwide and till date little evidence is present regarding pelvic floor rehabilitation among males. A major concern is the lack of awareness in male patients regarding pelvic floor dysfunction. Moreover, other issues include unfamiliarity with physical therapy, hesitation to discuss genital issues, referral issues by physicians and less number of available pelvic floor physiotherapist. Pelvic floor rehabilitation utilizes the concept of physical therapy to contribute in an organized program for strengthening pelvic floor muscles
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La Pera, Giuseppe. "Awareness and timing of pelvic floor muscle contraction, pelvic exercises and rehabilitation of pelvic floor in lifelong premature ejaculation: 5 years experience." Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia 86, no. 2 (June 30, 2014): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2014.2.123.
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Objectives: To assess the cure rate of patients with premature ejaculation who underwent a treatment involving: 1) awareness of the pelvic floor muscles 2) learning the timing of execution and maintenance of contraction of the pelvic floor muscles during the sensation of the pre-orgasmic phase 3) pelvic floor rehabilitation (bio feed back, pelvic exercises and electrostimulation). Materials and methods: We recruited 78 patients with lifelong premature ejaculation who completed the training. The patients were informed of the role of the pelvic floor. They were taught to carry out the execution and maintenance of contraction of the pelvic floor muscles during the sensation of the pre-orgasmic phase to control the ejaculatory reflex. In order to improve the awareness, the tone and the endurance of the pelvic floor muscles, patients were treated with the rehabilitation of pelvic floor (RPF) consisting mainly in biofeedback, pelvic exercises and in some cases also in electro-stimulation (ES). The training was carried out for a period of about 2-6 months with an average of 2-5 visits per cycle. Results: 54% of patients who completed the training were cured of premature ejaculation and learned over time to be able to postpone the ejaculation reflex. In a subgroup of 26 patients was also measured the IELT which on the average increased from < 2 minutes to >10 minutes. The best results occurred mainly in patients aged less than 35 where the cure rate was 65%. There were no side effects. Conclusions: In this study, approximately half of patients with premature ejaculation were cured after applying the above treatment.This therapy, necessitates a fairly long period of time (2-6 months) and a great commitment on the part of the patient, nevertheless it can be a valid and effective treatment for patients with premature ejaculation. This treatment makes the patient independent in that he is not bound to specific times for taking medication. Furthermore there are no side effects and this therapy is particularly effective in young males.