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1
Blache, Yoann, Maarten Bobbert, Sebastien Argaud, Benoit Pairot de Fontenay, and Karine M. Monteil. "Measurement of Pelvic Motion Is a Prerequisite for Accurate Estimation of Hip Joint Work in Maximum Height Squat Jumping." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 29, no. 4 (August 2013): 428–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.29.4.428.
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In experiments investigating vertical squat jumping, the HAT segment is typically defined as a line drawn from the hip to some point proximally on the upper body (eg, the neck, the acromion), and the hip joint as the angle between this line and the upper legs (θUL-HAT). In reality, the hip joint is the angle between the pelvis and the upper legs (θUL-pelvis). This study aimed to estimate to what extent hip joint definition affects hip joint work in maximal squat jumping. Moreover, the initial pelvic tilt was manipulated to maximize the difference in hip joint work as a function of hip joint definition. Twenty-two male athletes performed maximum effort squat jumps in three different initial pelvic tilt conditions: backward (pelvisB), neutral (pelvisN), and forward (pelvisF). Hip joint work was calculated by integrating the hip net joint torque with respect to θUL-HAT(WUL-HAT) or with respect to θUL-pelvis(WUL-pelvis). θUL-HATwas greater than θUL-pelvisin all conditions. WUL-HAToverestimated WUL-pelvisby 33%, 39%, and 49% in conditions pelvisF, pelvisN, and pelvisB, respectively. It was concluded that θUL-pelvisshould be measured when the mechanical output of hip extensor muscles is estimated.
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Mittal, Rajni, Gayatri Rath, R. N. Sahai, and Mahima Aggarwal. "Understanding pelvic floor in women." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 10 (September 25, 2020): 4329. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20204337.
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Change from quadruped to erect posture has resulted in changes in the human pelvis. This has resulted in pelvis supporting the abdominal viscera. The bony pelvis is deficient on inferior aspect. Muscles covered by fascia on superior and inferior aspect. A good knowledge of pelvic floor is very basic and mandatory for any gynecologist as pelvic floor is crucial to support the pelvic organs and is required to maintain urinary and fecal continence.
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Farmer, C. G., and D. R. Carrier. "Pelvic aspiration in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)." Journal of Experimental Biology 203, no. 11 (June 1, 2000): 1679–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.203.11.1679.
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The pelvis of crocodilians is highly derived in that the pubic bones are isolated from the acetabulum and are attached to the ischia via moveable joints. We examined the possible role of this unusual morphology in lung ventilation by measuring ventilation, abdominal pressure and the electrical activity of several abdominal and pelvic muscles in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). We found that the activity of two pelvic muscles, the ischiopubis and ischiotruncus muscles, was correlated with inspiration; these muscles rotate the pubes ventrally and thereby increase abdominal volume. During expiration, contraction of the rectus abdominis and transversus abdominis rotates the pubes dorsally. We suggest that this mechanism facilitates diaphragmatic breathing by creating space for caudal displacement of the viscera during inspiration. Because birds also use a dorso-ventral movement of the pelvis to effect ventilation, some form of pelvic aspiration may be plesiomorphic for archosaurs.
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Cruz, Aline de Castro, Sérgio Teixeira Fonseca, Vanessa Lara Araújo, Diego da Silva Carvalho, Leonardo Drumond Barsante, Valéria Andrade Pinto, and Thales Rezende Souza. "Pelvic Drop Changes due to Proximal Muscle Strengthening Depend on Foot-Ankle Varus Alignment." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2019 (May 12, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2018059.
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Background. Strengthening of hip and trunk muscles can modify pelvis and hip movements. However, the varus alignment of the foot-ankle complex (FAC) may influence the effects of muscle strengthening, due to the relationship of FAC alignment with pelvic and hip kinematics. This study evaluated the effects of hip and trunk muscle strengthening on pelvis and hip kinematics during walking, in subgroups with larger and smaller values of FAC varus alignment. In addition, this study evaluated the effects of hip and trunk muscle strengthening on hip passive and active properties, in the same subgroups. Methods. Fifty-three women, who were divided into intervention and control groups, participated in this nonrandomized controlled trial. Each group was split into two subgroups with larger and smaller values of FAC varus alignment. Hip and trunk muscle strengthening was performed three times a week for two months, with a load of 70% to 80% of one repetition maximum. Before and after strengthening, we evaluated (1) pelvis and hip excursions in the frontal and transverse planes during walking, (2) isokinetic hip passive external rotator torque, and (3) isokinetic concentric and eccentric peak torques of the hip external rotator muscles. Mixed analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were carried out for each dependent variable related to walking kinematics and isokinetic measurements (α=0.05). Results. The subgroup with smaller varus alignment, of the intervention group, presented a reduction in pelvic drop after strengthening (P=0.03). The subgroup with larger varus alignment increased pelvic drop after strengthening, with a marginal significance (P=0.06). The other kinematic excursions did not change (pelvic anterior rotation P=0.30, hip internal rotation P=0.54, and hip adduction P=0.43). The intervention group showed increases in passive torque (P=0.002), peak concentric torque (P<0.001), and peak eccentric torque (P<0.001), independently of FAC alignment. These results suggest that FAC varus alignment influences the effects of strengthening and should be considered when hip and trunk muscle strengthening is used to reduce pelvic drop during walking.
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Iijima, Masaya, and Yoshitsugu Kobayashi. "Convergences and Trends in the Evolution of the Archosaur Pelvis." Paleobiology 40, no. 4 (2014): 608–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/13053.
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The pelvic structure in non-avian archosaurs plays a key role in understanding the evolution of terrestrial locomotor patterns because the pelvis contains major attachment sites for proximal hind limb musculature. In order to investigate patterns of pelvic evolution in archosaurs, this study compiled three pelvic indices, as well as femoral head orientation, for 92 archosaur taxa. With the metrics and a reconstructed supertree, we examined the correlated evolution of the pelvis and femur, the correlation among pelvic components, and temporal trends in the evolution of the pelvis. The result shows that archosaurs with medially directed femoral heads have more cranially shifted iliac centroids and more posteriorly rotated pubes than taxa with anteromedially directed femoral heads. The craniad shift of the iliac centroid might be correlated to the posterior rotation of pubis. The pelvic structures of pterosaurs, ornithischians, sauropods, and avetheropods occupy a different morphospace from basal archosaurs, pseudosuchians, basal dinosauromorphs, basal theropods, and basal sauropodomorphs in having more cranially expanded ilia, more posteriorly rotated pubes, and medially deflected femoral heads. This may imply that pterosaurs and those derived dinosaurs independently underwent similar shifts in thigh muscles and locomotion. The evolutionary model fitting supports the early-burst model for iliac and pubic metrics in more inclusive archosaur clades, indicating that larger changes of archosaur pelves occurred in early times of the clade's history.
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Baumel, J. J., J. A. Wilson, and D. R. Bergren. "The ventilatory movements of the avian pelvis and tail: function of the muscles of the tail region of the pigeon (Columba livia)." Journal of Experimental Biology 151, no. 1 (July 1, 1990): 263–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.151.1.263.
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We have observed that birds of several different taxa move their tails in conjunction with sound production. These observations suggested to use that tail movements might also be associated with ventilation. Since we hypothesized that rhythmic movements of the tail and pelvis will ventilate the lungs, the activities of tail, epaxial and cloacal muscles of the pigeon were examined. Electromyograms (EMGs) were recorded from these muscles while ventilation was monitored. A muscle was considered to have ventilatory activity when the EMG activity had an obvious correlation to either inspiration or expiration. To obtain further information about the correlation between muscular activity and ventilation, we induced hyperpnea by administering 5% CO2. We report that the tail muscles that function as expiratory muscles are the M. caudofemoralis, the M. pubocaudalis internus and the M. pubocaudalis externus. We refer to these as the suprapubic abdominal muscles to distinguish them from the infrapubic (ventral) abdominal muscles. These muscles depress the pelvis and the uropygium and compress the thoracoabdominal cavity. M. transversus cloacae functions as an expiratory muscle by protracting the cloaca or by reducing its compliance. Of the suprapubic muscles we studied, the only inspiratory muscle is the axial muscle, M. longissimus dorsi. M. longissimus dorsi acts at the notarial-synsacral junction to elevate the pelvis. The rocking movements of the notarial-synsacral joint appear to be important for ventilation during conditions in which the sternum is ‘fixed’, such as when the bird is resting on its breast. We suggest that a division of labor may exist between the infra- and suprapubic abdominal muscles during ventilation such as panting or vocalization.
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Wakaiki, Tomohiro, Takayuki Tanaka, Koji Shimatani, Yuichi Kurita, and Tadayuki Iida. "Individualization of Musculoskeletal Model for Analyzing Pelvic Floor Muscles Activity Based on Gait Motion Features." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 30, no. 6 (December 20, 2018): 991–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2018.p0991.
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Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a typical quality of life disease in women. The strengthening of the pelvic floor muscle (PFM) is considered effective to prevent this. Specifically, PFM activity is affected by individual pelvic shape and posture. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze muscle activity by considering the individual differences. In this study, individual pelvic alignment was estimated from the feature values of natural gait via multiple regression analysis. In addition, individual pelvic feature points were derived from X-ray images and used to deform the standard model to obtain individual pelvic shapes. Results indicate that the residual averages of the estimated feature angles were less than 2° in most cases. Subsequently, measurements of the pelvis were obtained via MRI to evaluate the estimated pelvis shape. The results indicate that individual adaptation leads to muscle attachment positions, which are important in the muscle activity analysis, and closer to the true MRI value when compared to that of the standard pelvic model.
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Khramtsov, Petr I. "FUNCTIONAL TESTING OF THE MUSCLES IN THE HYGIENIC EVALUATION OF THE PREVENTIVE EFFICACY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOL." Hygiene and sanitation 97, no. 9 (September 15, 2018): 848–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2018-97-9-848-853.
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The possibility of using the results of functional muscle testing in the evaluation of the preventive efficacy of the physical education of children in primary school is discussed. The results of the evaluation of the functional state of the pectoral muscles and muscles of the shoulder girdle, muscles of the pelvis and lower extremities in 59 first grade pupils in the dynamics of 2 years of the learning of the physical education differentiated according to the gender (the grade of girls and the grade of boys). The elective part of the educational program of physical education consisted of separate units focused on the development of mainly flexibility and coordination in girls, strength, and endurance - in boys. It is established that most often the decreasing of muscles elasticity was characteristic of pectoralis muscles and shoulder girdle muscles compared to the muscles of the pelvis and lower extremities. Peculiarities of the distribution of the enslavement of muscles and the dynamics of their functional state in children of different genders in the learning process are established. The conclusion about the expediency of functional muscle testing for hygienic evaluation of the preventive efficacy of physical education in primary school was made.
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Nurimanov, R. Z., A. E. Strizhkov, and V. N. Nikolenko. "Features of the structure of the muscles acting on the hip joint of the human fetus." Sechenov Medical Journal 10, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47093/22187332.2019.1.47-51.
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Aim - to identify the features of the anatomical structure of the muscles acting on the hip joint in the fetal period of prenatal ontogenesis. Material and methods. The study was carried out on corpses of 200 fetuses aged from 12th to 38th weeks. Anatomical and morphometric research methods were used. Results. As a result of the study, it was established that the muscles of the pelvis and thigh of the fetus are different from the definitive ones: more heads are noted, a different direction of force action vector, functional indicators of the extensor and rotator muscles prevail. There are critical periods of organogenesis of functional muscle groups. Conclusions. The main trend of organogenesis of the muscles of the pelvis and thigh is the fusion of small muscle insertions into larger organs. A feature of the fetal muscles acting on the hip joint is the morpho - functional predominance of the insteps and adductor muscles that create the necessary conditions for the hip joint morphogenesis. The 20th-22th and 28th-30th weeks of intrauterine development are critical periods in human hip joint morphogenesis.
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Vagin, Malysheva, and Samofalova. "DISTRIBUTION OF TRICHINELLA LARVAE IN DIFFERENT GROUPS OF MUSCLES IN SPONTANEOUSLY INFECTED RACCOON DOGS (NYCTEREUTES PROCYONOIDES)." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 21 (May 29, 2020): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-9902341-5-4.2020.21.67-71.
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The problem of distribution of Trichinella larvae in transversus stripe skeletal muscles of animals is quite relevant. Literature sources present a lot of contradictory information on this issue. According to a number of authors, carnivores’, including canines’, shoulder muscles and muscles of the forelimbs, pelvis and hind limbs are the most intensely affected. Other researchers provide evidence that the highest numbers of Trichinella larvae are recorded in the muscles of the truncus and head. Furthermore, information about intensely affected muscles is of great importance for the diagnosis of trichinosis. The results of our studies showed that the highest rates of infection intensity in spontaneously infected raccoon dogs were noted in the diaphragm. Less affected were the large masseter muscle, intercostal muscles and muscles of the tongue root. Trichinella larvae were practically not found in the shoulder muscles and muscles of the forelimbs, pelvis and hind limbs. Thus, the highest number of Trichinella larvae was recorded in the muscles of the truncus and head of the spontaneously infected raccoon dogs that we studied.
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Soares, Nayane Peixoto, Vanessa de Souza Vieira, Dayane Kelly S. Pereira, Fabiano Campos Lima, Eugênio Gonçalves Araújo, and Kleber Fernando Pereira. "Comparative anatomy of the gluteal muscles of Sapajus libidinosus 1." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36, no. 11 (November 2016): 1127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2016001100012.
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ABSTRACT: New World primates Sapajus sp. unexpectedly display cognitive aspects, tool use, social behavior, memory and anatomical aspects similar to Old World primates, such as chimpanzees and baboons. Convergent evolutionary aspects must have occurred between Sapajus and Old World primates and should be verified not only in terms of behavior analysis, but also of anatomical structure. The pelvic region can provide data for evolutionary verification trends, since taking standing position is one of the characteristics associated to the use of tools by early humans and pongids. We used eight specimens of Sapajus libidinosus to describe the deep muscular structure of the pelvis. Unlike humans, the gluteus medius muscle in S. libidinosus is completely covered by the gluteus maximus and elongated as compared to humans and chimpanzees, putatively by the elongated pelvis of S. libidinosus. Considering origin and insertion, the gluteus maximus muscle resembles more its counterpart in baboons than in humans and chimpanzees, since this muscle in baboons is associated to semibiped posture and to the tail. Gluteus minimum, piriformis, superior gemellus, internal shutter, gemellus and lower square muscles are positioned in this order in relation to the cranial-caudal axis, with all of its tendons converging for a common insertion in the greater trochanter. The muscles of the gluteal region of S. libidinosus are similar to the baboon, especially regarding the gluteus maximus, which points to the evolutionary kinship of these animals.
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Mirilas, Petros, and John E. Skandalakis. "Surgical Anatomy of the Retroperitoneal Spaces Part II: The Architecture of the Retroperitoneal Space." American Surgeon 76, no. 1 (January 2010): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481007600108.
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The extraperitoneal space extends between peritoneum and investing fascia of muscles of anterior, lateral and posterior abdominal and pelvic walls, and circumferentially surrounds the abdominal cavity. The retroperitoneum, which is confined to the posterior and lateral abdominal and pelvic wall, may be divided into three surgicoanatomic zones: centromedial, lateral (right and left), and pelvic. The preperitoneal space is confined to the anterior abdominal wall and the subperitoneal extraperitoneal space to the pelvis. In the extraperitoneal tissue, condensation fascias delineate peri- and parasplanchnic spaces. The former are between organs and condensation fasciae, the latter between this fascia and investing fascia of neighboring muscles of the wall. Thus, perirenal space is encircled by renal fascia, and pararenal is exterior to renal fascia. Similarly for the urinary bladder, paravesical space is between the umbilical prevesical fascia and fascia of the pelvic wall muscles—the prevesical space is its anterior part, between transversalis and umbilical prevesical fascia. For the rectum, the “mesorectum” describes the extraperitoneal tissue bound by the mesorectal condensation fascia, and the pararectal space is between the latter and the muscles of the pelvic wall. Perisplanchnic spaces are closed, except for neurovascular pedicles. Prevesical and pararectal (presacral) and posterior pararenal spaces are in the same anatomical level and communicate. Anterior to the anterior layer of the renal fascia, the anterior interfascial plane (superimposed and fused mesenteries of pancreas, duodenum, and colon) permits communication across the midline. Thus parasplanchnic extraperitoneal spaces of abdomen and pelvis communicate with each other and across the midline.
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Oleksy, Łukasz, Anna Mika, Renata Kielnar, Joanna Grzegorczyk, Anna Marchewka, and Artur Stolarczyk. "The influence of pelvis reposition exercises on pelvic floor muscles asymmetry." Medicine 98, no. 2 (January 2019): e13988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000013988.
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Halski, Tomasz, Lucyna Słupska, Robert Dymarek, Janusz Bartnicki, Urszula Halska, Agata Król, Małgorzata Paprocka-Borowicz, Janusz Dembowski, Romuald Zdrojowy, and Kuba Ptaszkowski. "Evaluation of Bioelectrical Activity of Pelvic Floor Muscles and Synergistic Muscles Depending on Orientation of Pelvis in Menopausal Women with Symptoms of Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Preliminary Observational Study." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/274938.
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Objectives. Evaluation of resting and functional bioelectrical activity of the pelvic floor muscles (PFM) and the synergistic muscles, depending on the orientation of the pelvis, in anterior (P1) and posterior (P2) pelvic tilt.Design. Preliminary, prospective observational study.Setting. Department and Clinic of Urology, University Hospital in Wroclaw, Poland.Participants. Thirty-two menopausal and postmenopausal women with stress urinary incontinence were recruited. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, sixteen women aged 55 to 70 years were enrolled in the study.Primary Outcome Measures. Evaluation of resting and functional bioelectrical activity of the pelvic floor muscles by electromyography (sEMG) and vaginal probe.Secondary Outcome Measures. Evaluation of activity of the synergistic muscles by sEMG and surface electrodes.Results. No significant differences between orientations P1 and P2 were found in functional and resting sEMG activity of the PFM. During resting and functional PFM activity, higher electrical activity in P2 than in P1 has been recorded in some of the synergistic muscles.Conclusions. This preliminary study does not provide initial evidence that pelvic tilt influences PFM activation. Although different activity of synergistic muscles occurs in various orientations of the pelvic tilt, it does not have to affect the sEMG activity of the PFM.
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Thor, Karl B., and William C. de Groat. "Neural control of the female urethral and anal rhabdosphincters and pelvic floor muscles." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 299, no. 2 (August 2010): R416—R438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00111.2010.
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The urethral rhabdosphincter and pelvic floor muscles are important in maintenance of urinary continence and in preventing descent of pelvic organs [i.e., pelvic organ prolapse (POP)]. Despite its clinical importance and complexity, a comprehensive review of neural control of the rhabdosphincter and pelvic floor muscles is lacking. The present review places historical and recent basic science findings on neural control into the context of functional anatomy of the pelvic muscles and their coordination with visceral function and correlates basic science findings with clinical findings when possible. This review briefly describes the striated muscles of the pelvis and then provides details on the peripheral innervation and, in particular, the contributions of the pudendal and levator ani nerves to the function of the various pelvic muscles. The locations and unique phenotypic characteristics of rhabdosphincter motor neurons located in Onuf's nucleus, and levator ani motor neurons located diffusely in the sacral ventral horn, are provided along with the locations and phenotypes of primary afferent neurons that convey sensory information from these muscles. Spinal and supraspinal pathways mediating excitatory and inhibitory inputs to the motor neurons are described; the relative contributions of the nerves to urethral function and their involvement in POP and incontinence are discussed. Finally, a detailed summary of the neurochemical anatomy of Onuf's nucleus and the pharmacological control of the rhabdosphincter are provided.
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Boggie, Linda. "Zong Jin." Zeitschrift für Ganzheitliche Tiermedizin 24, no. 04 (November 10, 2010): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1250422.
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The primary function of the Zong Jin or Ancestral Sinews is to maintain the integrity of the anatomic and functional relationships of the head, chest and pelvic cavities and allow the circulation of Qi and Blood (Xue) in these cavities. The Ancestral Sinews include the muscles, ligaments, tendons and fascia associated with five paired muscles: the sternocleidomastoideus (SCM) muscles (connects the head to the chest), the diaphragm (connects the chest to the spine), the iliopsoas muscles (connects the spine to the pelvis), the rectus abdominus muscles (connects the chest to the pelvis) and the paravertebral and gluteal muscles which support the spine. The Ancestral Sinews also provide padded areas to absorb physical and emotional shocks and store latent external and internal pathogens to protect the Zang-fu organs. When these sinews become affected by pathology, stiffness, pain and trigger or other Ah-shi points are found when palpated and reduced range of motion can be observed in the affected region. Involvement of the Ancestral Sinews may be associated with chronic pain, lameness, dermatopathies, digestive disorders, respiratory disease and other chronic disorders that do not completely respond to routine acupuncture treatment. To fully resolve these disorders, one or more of the Ancestral Sinews may need to be released. The muscles, ligaments and tendons of the Ancestral Sinews are first addressed with acupuncture of GB-41 and GB-27. Additional treatment requires the use of specific acupoints for each one of the Ancestral Sinews as follows: for SCM GB-12, TH-17 and ST-12, for the diaphragm BL-17 and GV-4, for iliopsoas muscles ST-25 and CV-2, for rectus abdominus muscles treat tight points along the KID and ST Channels and for paravertebral muscles BL-10, BL-17, BL-23 and BL-40.
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Lee, Sang Chul. "Ultrasound-Guided Injection of the Adductor Longus and Pectineus in a Cadaver Model." Pain Physician 6;18, no. 6;11 (November 14, 2015): E1111—E1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2015/18/e1111.
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Background: The close anatomic and functional relationship between the proximal parts of the adductor longus and pectineus muscles produce considerable overlap in symptoms and signs in the inguinal region. To our knowledge, there have been no publications of ultrasound (US)-guided injection techniques into the 2 muscles. Objective: This study sought to describe US-guided injection techniques in the proximal part of the adductor longus and pectineus muscles and to validate whether these techniques deliver injections appropriately to their target muscles in unembalmed cadavers. Study Design: Cadaveric study. Methods: A preliminary trial with 2 unembalmed cadavers provided information on the target sonographic structures of proximal adductor longus and pectineus muscles. Bilateral US-guided intramuscular injections in the proximal adductor longus and pectineus were performed using the remaining 5 unembalmed male cadavers. To avoid confusion of dye location, we did not inject into both the adductor longus and pectineus muscle in the same side. After injections, each specimen was dissected to evaluate the accuracy of injection. Results: Ten injections (5 for the adductor longus muscle and 5 for the pectineus muscle) were performed targeting the proximal parts of muscles in 5 cadaveric specimens. All injections were successful and blue dye was injected accurately at the target area within the adductor longus and the pectineus muscles. No other muscles were injected unintentionally. There were no accidental penetrations and/or injuries at adjacent neurovascular structures as well. Limitation: Despite successful injection of the proximal parts of adductor longus and pectineus, this study did not verify the usefulness of this technique in clinical practice. Conclusions: The results of this study may play a role in the diagnosis and management of patients presenting with chronic pelvic pain syndrome and sports hernia. Key words: Inguinal, injections, ultrasonography, pain, cadaver, pectineus, adductor, pelvis
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Hama, Seiji, Masafumi Ohtsubo, Tsuyoshi Nishiwaki, Ayu Miura, Mie Sanemasu, Noboru Shimada, Yukio Fujimoto, et al. "Effect of post-trochanteric groove support on stance control associated with the pelvic-lumbar system: A preliminary study." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 39, no. 5 (June 12, 2014): 405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364614536763.
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Background: Many stroke and neuromuscular patients with paraplegia or severe hemiparesis cannot control trunk balance. Objective: To support the pelvis/hip of paresis patients, a new pelvic/hip support system was developed bearing a convex pressing member placed over the post-trochanteric groove, a cutaneous landmark sited on the lateral portion of the gluteus maximus muscle and indicating the posterior aspect of the greater trochanter. Study design: Preliminary study. Methods: Stance control differences in two paretic patients (Guillain-Barré syndrome and stroke sequelae) with or without post-trochanteric groove support were examined. The contact pressure on the post-trochanteric groove was examined in eight healthy volunteers using an impact force sensor. The pelvic-lumbar movement was also examined using three-dimensional motion analysis, and the gluteus muscles activity was evaluated using surface electromyography. Results: Without post-trochanteric groove support, total three-dimensional displacement of the sacral marker was longer in the paresis patients than in normal controls, while post-trochanteric groove support decreased this distance. Post-trochanteric groove support provided compression pressure on the post-trochanteric groove, and all subjects showed a more upright trunk position, providing more anterior pelvic tilting. Six of eight subjects showed increased lumbar lordosis. Five of eight subjects showed gluteus maximus and/or gluteus medius muscle activation. Conclusion: The mechanisms of post-trochanteric groove support were suggested to be spino-pelvic coordination and gluteal muscle activation. Clinical relevance The post-trochanteric groove is a cutaneous landmark located behind the pelvis/hip joint. Applying pressure to the post-trochanteric groove from behind pushes the trunk to adopt a more upright position, leading to improved stance control. Underlining mechanisms appear to be spino-pelvic coordination and gluteal muscle activation.
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Vlutters, Mark, Edwin H. F. van Asseldonk, and Herman van der Kooij. "Ankle muscle responses during perturbed walking with blocked ankle joints." Journal of Neurophysiology 121, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): 1711–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00752.2018.
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The ankle joint muscles can contribute to balance during walking by modulating the center of pressure and ground reaction forces through an ankle moment. This is especially effective in the sagittal plane through ankle plantar- or dorsiflexion. If the ankle joints were to be physically blocked to make an ankle strategy ineffective, there would be no functional contribution of these muscles to balance during walking, nor would these muscles generate afferent output regarding ankle joint rotation. Consequently, ankle muscle activation for the purpose of balance control would be expected to disappear. We have performed an experiment in which subjects received anteroposterior pelvis perturbations during walking while their ankle joints could not contribute to the balance recovery. The latter was realized by physically blocking the ankle joints through a pair of modified ankle-foot orthoses. In this article we present the lower limb muscle activity responses in reaction to these perturbations. Of particular interest are the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius medialis muscles, which could not contribute to the balance recovery through the ankle joint or encode muscle length changes caused by ankle joint rotation. Yet, these muscles showed long-latency responses, ~100 ms after perturbation onset. The response amplitudes were dependent on the perturbation magnitude and direction, as well as the state of the leg. The results imply that ankle muscle responses can be evoked without changes in proprioceptive information of those muscles through ankle rotation. This suggest a more centralized regulation of balance control, not strictly related to the ankle joint kinematics. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Walking human subjects received forward-backward perturbations at the pelvis while wearing “pin-shoes,” a pair of modified ankle-foot orthoses that physically blocked ankle joint movement and reduced the base of support of each foot to a single point. The lower leg muscles showed long-latency perturbation-dependent activity changes, despite having no functional contributions to balance control through the ankle joint and not having been subjected to muscle length changes through ankle joint rotation.
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Barisic, G., Z. Krivokapic, V. Markovic, D. Saranovic, V. Kalezic, and A. Sekulic. "Endorectal ultrasound (ERUS) in pelvic disorders." Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 53, no. 2 (2006): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci0602117b.
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Endorectal ultrasound (ERUS) imaging is a complex process using electronic devices to control ultrasound waves and produce images of anatomic structures. It is a simple, cheep and well-tolerated procedure that provides excellent images of rectal and anal canal wall and pelvic floor muscles together with surrounding organs and tissues. The direct imaging of anal canal and pelvic floor muscles with surrounding tissues allows one to identify sphincter defects, anorectal abscesses and fistulas as well as great variety of benign and malignant pathology of the pelvis. Basically, techniques for ERUS are very similar, but there are some slight modifications regarding equipment, indications, and localization of pathologic process. We describe the technique, indications, results and pitfalls of ERUS with the Bruel & Kjaer type 1850 endosonic probe with 7 and 10 MHz transducers in benign pelvic disorders. .
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Wilk, Iwona. "The use of tensegrity massage in pregnant women: a case study." Medical Science Pulse 13, no. 2 (September 20, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5376.
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Background: In pregnant women, changes in body posture and higher pelvic anteversion and increase lumbar lordosis are observed. Changes in the arrangement of bony elements result in an alteration in the pelvic floor soft tissue tension, increased resting muscles and ligaments tone in the lumbosacral region and sacral bone. The negative consequences of posture changes in pregnant women is lower back pain. The literature describing a lot of physiotherapeutic procedures and various of type massage which can use in pregnant women. In this study, we present applications of tensegrity massage combined with point manipulation of selected muscle attachments. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of tensegrity massage combined with point manipulation of selected muscle attachments in pregnant women. Participants and intervention: Two 30-year-old pregnant women received tensegrity massage. The patients were subjected to a series of nine massage sessions of 45 minutes each, performed three times a week. Research Design: A case study Main Outcomes Measures: Pain levels were assessed in both patients using the VAS Results: The procedure involved normalization of the tone of the system of ligaments, fascia, and muscles in the lumbar spine region, the pelvic girdle, and the lower limbs. The therapy brought pain relief and reduced muscle tone in the lumbosacral region of the spine, as well as in the pelvic girdle and the lower limbs. Conclusion: Tensegrity massage combined with point massage is an effective therapy for pain problems and incorrect resting muscle tone caused by pregnancy-related posture changes within the pelvis and spine.
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Gogola, Anna, M. Matyja, K. Żoczek, and P. Wodzisz. "Analyze of relation between passive stiffness of pelvic girdle muscles and foot architecture in preschool children." Physiotherapy and Health Activity 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pha-2017-0006.
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Abstract Background: The aim of the study is assessment of relation between passive stiffness of chosen pelvic girdle muscles and formation of heel angle (gamma) and medial longitudinal arch (MLA; determined by the Clarke's angle (AC) ). Material/Methods: 124 preschool children underwent observation. The examined group included 46 five years old children and 78 six years old children (girls (n=53); boys (n=71). Passive stiffness of chosen muscles that have insertions within pelvis were assessed in participants and gamma and Clarke's angles were evaluated with use of plantography. Results: Analysis of ANOVA variance showed significant diversification (p<0.01) of iliopsoas muscles stiffness between groups designated in regard to gamma angle (between body sides). Statistically substantial differences of passive stiffness of hamstrings and adductors (P<0.01, respectively) was also obtained in these groups. In case of analyze of passive stiffness of pelvic girdle muscles in the groups appointed in regard to Clarke's angle the only essential effect (P<0.01) was noted within iliopsoas between body sides, but without important interactions.
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Lee, Dae Wook, Chang Hun Lim, Jae Young Han, and Woong Mo Kim. "Chronic pelvic pain arising from dysfunctional stabilizing muscles of the hip joint and pelvis." Korean Journal of Pain 29, no. 4 (2016): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3344/kjp.2016.29.4.274.
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Rhodes, Matthew M., Donald M. Henderson, and Philip J. Currie. "Maniraptoran pelvic musculature highlights evolutionary patterns in theropod locomotion on the line to birds." PeerJ 9 (March 4, 2021): e10855. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10855.
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Locomotion is a fundamental aspect of palaeobiology and often investigated by comparing osteological structures and proportions. Previous studies document a stepwise accumulation of avian-like features in theropod dinosaurs that accelerates in the clade Maniraptora. However, the soft tissues that influenced the skeleton offer another perspective on locomotory adaptations. Examination of the pelvis for osteological correlates of hind limb and tail musculature allowed reconstruction of primary locomotory muscles across theropods and their closest extant relatives. Additionally, the areas of pelvic muscle origins were quantified to measure relative differences within and between taxa, to compare morphological features associated with cursoriality, and offer insight into the evolution of locomotor modules. Locomotory inferences based on myology often corroborate those based on osteology, although they occasionally conflict and indicate greater complexity than previously appreciated. Maniraptoran pelvic musculature underscores previous studies noting the multifaceted nature of cursoriality and suggests that a more punctuated step in caudal decoupling occurred at or near the base of Maniraptora.
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Moltó, Iván Nacher, Juan Pardo Albiach, Juan José Amer-Cuenca, Eva Segura-Ortí, Willig Gabriel, and Javier Martínez-Gramage. "Wearable Sensors Detect Differences between the Sexes in Lower Limb Electromyographic Activity and Pelvis 3D Kinematics during Running." Sensors 20, no. 22 (November 12, 2020): 6478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226478.
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Each year, 50% of runners suffer from injuries. Consequently, more studies are being published about running biomechanics; these studies identify factors that can help prevent injuries. Scientific evidence suggests that recreational runners should use personalized biomechanical training plans, not only to improve their performance, but also to prevent injuries caused by the inability of amateur athletes to tolerate increased loads, and/or because of poor form. This study provides an overview of the different normative patterns of lower limb muscle activation and articular ranges of the pelvis during running, at self-selected speeds, in men and women. Methods: 38 healthy runners aged 18 to 49 years were included in this work. We examined eight muscles by applying two wearable superficial electromyography sensors and an inertial sensor for three-dimensional (3D) pelvis kinematics. Results: the largest differences were obtained for gluteus maximus activation in the first double float phase (p = 0.013) and second stance phase (p = 0.003), as well as in the gluteus medius in the second stance phase (p = 0.028). In both cases, the activation distribution was more homogeneous in men and presented significantly lower values than those obtained for women. In addition, there was a significantly higher percentage of total vastus medialis activation in women throughout the running cycle with the median (25th–75th percentile) for women being 12.50% (9.25–14) and 10% (9–12) for men. Women also had a greater range of pelvis rotation during running at self-selected speeds (p = 0.011). Conclusions: understanding the differences between men and women, in terms of muscle activation and pelvic kinematic values, could be especially useful to allow health professionals detect athletes who may be at risk of injury.
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Budi, MNS, and P. Rubiansyah. "Hip Transposition as a Limb Salvage Procedure Following Resection of Extensive Ewing Sarcoma of The Pelvis and Proximal Femur." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 5_suppl5 (May 1, 2020): 2325967120S0006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00067.
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Pelvic resection in limb salvage surgery always pose a major challenge for orthopedic surgeon, especially in large tumor extension that requires combination of pelvic and femoral resection with sacrificing the hip joint. Complex anatomy and preservation major structure (arteries, veins, nerves, muscle and visceral organs) is a major consideration. Methods: We evaluated the oncologic, functional outcome and complications of a patient 27 years old with Ewing sarcoma involving the left pelvis (ilium, ischium and pubic) and femoral proximal until middle third, who underwent pelvic resection type II, III involving hip joint with femoral resection. The reconstruction that has been done were: hip transposition using cemented scaffold and modified Harrington as framework, proximal femoral megaprosthesis, capsuloplasty using polypropylene mesh and reattachment of muscles around the hip. Results: Follow-up at 3 months showed a good oncological and tolerable function outcome; by means of no local recurrence or distant metastatic with painless partial weight bearing. Active motion of the hip is preserved with muscle power of 4/5 and LLD of 3 cm. The patient were able to ambulate by himself, sitting in normal position with no pain. There were no major complications were found in this patient such as infection, dislocation, loosening implant or visceral complications. Conclusion: The choice of limb salvage in pelvic tumor followed with complex reconstruction of the hip still amenable in patient with malignant tumor of pelvic and femur, regarding the oncological, functional outcome and complication.
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Smoła, Eliza, Katarzyna Wódka, Marta A. Bibro, and Agnieszka Jankowicz-Szymańska. "Flexibility of the hamstring muscles and the position of thetrunk in boys training football." Health Promotion & Physical Activity 15, no. 2 (June 18, 2021): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.9505.
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<p><b>Introduction: </b>The objective of the study was to assess the flexibility of the hamstring muscles and their relationship with the position of the spine, shoulder and pelvic girdles in individual planes in boys training football. <p><b>Material and methods: </b>The study included 28 boys aged 10-14, training football 3 times a week for at least 2 years. The subjects were divided into two groups: correct bilateral flexibility of the hamstring muscles, bilateral shortening of the hamstring muscles. Body height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated. The three-dimensional position of the trunk was examined using the Zebris pointer ultrasound system. The passive straightleg- raising test was used to assess the flexibility of the hamstring muscles. <p><b>Results: </b>32% of people were diagnosed with the correct length of both hamstring muscles, 57% had shortened muscles in both limbs. Mean values determining the depth of thoracic kyphosis indicated its deepening in each of the groups, however, lower values were recorded in boys with reduced flexibility of the hamstring muscle mass. This group was also characterised by a better balance of the trunk in the sagittal plane. The average depth of lumbar lordosis in both groups was within the normal range. In the frontal plane, in both groups of footballers there was a tendency to lift the left shoulder (more frequent in the group with normal flexibility), the pelvis on the left side and shift the trunk to the right. <p><b>Conclusion: </b>Shortening of the hamstring muscles is common in boys who train football, but no evidence of a relationship between the limited flexibility of these muscles and the position of the trunk was found.
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Stamatiou, Dimitrios, John E. Skandalakis, Lee J. Skandalakis, and Petros Mirilas. "Perineal Hernia: Surgical Anatomy, Embryology, and Technique of Repair." American Surgeon 76, no. 5 (May 2010): 474–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481007600513.
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Perineal hernia is the protrusion into the perineum of intraperitoneal or extraperitoneal contents through a congenital or acquired defect of the pelvic diaphragm. The first case was reported by de Garangeot in 1743. Perineal hernias may occur anteriorly or posteriorly to the superficial transverse perineal muscles. Congenital perineal hernia is a rare entity. Failure of regression of the peritoneal cul de sac of the embryo is considered a predisposing factor for hernia formation. Acquired perineal hernias are primary or secondary. Primarily acquired perineal hernias are caused by factors associated with increased intra-abdominal pressure. They are more common in females as a result of the broader female pelvis and the attenuation of the pelvic floor during pregnancy and childbirth. Secondarily acquired perineal hernias are incisional hernias associated with extensive pelvic operations such as abdominoperineal resection of the anorectum and pelvic exenteration. Pain in the perineal area, intestinal obstruction, topical skin erosion, and difficulty with urination necessitate the surgical repair of a perineal hernia. This can be accomplished through transabdominal, perineal, or combined abdominoperineal approaches. The defect in the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm may be closed either with direct suturing or by using autogenous tissues or synthetic mesh.
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Senos, R., and H. Benedicto. "Gluteal nerves in Crab-eating fox." Journal of Morphological Sciences 31, no. 04 (October 2014): 233–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/jms.078314.
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Abstract Introduction: The Crab-eating fox is a medium-sized South American canid. Although there are several studies regarding this species, especially in epidemiology and parasitology studies, only few data regarding the morphology has been reported. The aim of our study was to describe the gluteal nerves of the Crab-eating fox and compare them with the domestic dogs for homology concerns and surgical application. Materials and Methods: We used four pelvic limbs of Crab-eating foxes fixed with 10% formalin and injected with red neoprene latex. Muscles, arteries and nerves were anatomically dissected. Results: The Cranial gluteal nerve supplied the Middle gluteal, Deep gluteal and Tensor Fasciae Latae muscles, while the Caudal gluteal nerve supplied the Middle Gluteal, Superficial Gluteal, Pirirformis, Gemilli and Coccygeus muscles. Conclusions: Our results presented a variable relation between muscles and nerve supplies between the Crab-eating fox and the domestic dogs. The indings also suggested morphological differentiation in lumbosacral plexus during canids species evolution. Finally, for surgical approaches to hip joint and pelvis, the domestic dog can be used as model for the Crab-eating fox.
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Гайворонский, Иван Васильевич, А. А. Родионов, Геннадий Иванович Ничипорук, Инга Александровна Горячева, and Мария Георгиевна Гайворонская. "HUMAN PELVIS BUTTRESS SYSTEM AND THE ROLE OF SKELETAL MUSCLES IN ITS FORMATION (REVIEW ARTICLE)." Морфология, no. 4-5 (September 30, 2020): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.34922/ae.2020.158.4.014.
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В связи с вертикальным положением тела на таз человека действуют такие механические силы, как масса тела, внутренностей, внутрибрюшное давление, тяга мышц, связочного аппарата. Под воздействием этих сил происходит моделирование костных структур - внутренних пластинок губчатого вещества и замыкательных пластинок компактного вещества, наибольшая концентрация которых происходит в местах воздействия сил сжатия и растяжении. Указанные места повышенной плотности костной ткани в составе костного таза являются его контрфорсами. Связующим фундаментом контрфорсной системы таза является крестец, воспринимающий воздействия механических сил и передающих их на тазовые кости. Авторами выделены следующие костные контрфорсы: 1 - пояснично-крестцово-подвздошно-бедренный; 2 - пояснично-крестцово-подвздошно-седалищный; 3 - крестцово-седалищный; 4 - крестцово-бедренный; 5 - крестцово-подвздошнолобковый. Рассматривать контрфорсы таза необходимо с позиций арочных конструкций с обязательным взаимодействием контралатеральных сторон. Арочные конструкции, образованные пояснично-крестцово-подвздошно-бедренным, крестцовобедренным и крестцово-подвздошно-лобковыми контрфорсами, функционируют при вертикальном положении тела, а пояснично-крестцово-подвздошно-седалищные и крестцово-седалищные контрфорсы - при сидячем положении тела. Важнейшую роль в формировании и поддержании костных контрфорсов также играют скелетные мышцы, прикрепляющиеся к костям таза. Они не только изменяют его костную структуру, но и передают напряжение при своем сокращении на другие кости, формируя мышечные контрфорсные системы. В работе доказано наличие следующих костно-мышечных контрфорсов: 1 - наружного и внутреннего подвздошно-бедренного; 2 - наружного и внутреннего запирательнобедренного; 3 - лобково-седалищно-бедренно-большеберцового; 4 - седалищно-большеберцово-малоберцового контрфорсов. Показано, что таз является важнейшей частью опорно-двигательного аппарата человека и стабилизационным кольцом для свободной нижней конечности. In connection with the vertical position of the body, such mechanical forces as body weight, viscera, intra-abdominal pressure, traction of muscles, tendons and ligament apparatus act on the human pelvis. The bone structures - the internal plates of the spongy substance and the end plates of the compact substance, the highest concentration of which occurs at the sites of compression and tension - are modeled under the influence of these forces. The aforementioned places of increased bone density in the composition of the bone pelvis are its buttresses. The connecting foundation of the buttress system of the pelvis is the sacrum, perceiving the effects of mechanical forces and transmitting them to the pelvic bones. The authors distinguished the following bone buttresses: 1 - lumbo-sacral-iliac-femoral; 2 - lumbo-sacral-iliac-sciatic; 3 - sacro-sciatic; 4 - sacro-femoral; 5 - sacro-iliac-pubical. It is necessary to consider buttresses of the pelvis from the position of arched structures, with the obligatory interaction of the contralateral sides. Arched structures formed by the lumbo-sacral-iliac-femoral, sacro-femoral and sacro-iliac-pubic buttresses function when the body is in vertical position, and the lumbo-sacral-iliac-sciatic and sacroiliac buttresses when the body is in seated position. Skeletal muscles attached to the bones of the pelvis also play an important role in the formation and maintenance of bone buttresses. They not only change its bone structure, but during their contraction also transmit tension to other bones, forming muscle buttress systems. In the work, the presence of the following musculoskeletal buttresses is proved: 1 - the external and internal ileo-femoral; 2 - external and internal obturator-femoral; 3 - pubic-sciaticfemoral-tibial; 4 - sciatic-tibial-fibular buttresses. It is shown that the pelvis is the most important part of the human musculoskeletal system and the stabilization ring for the free lower limb.
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Catelli, Danilo S., Erik Kowalski, Paul E. Beaulé, and Mario Lamontagne. "Increased pelvic mobility and altered hip muscles contraction patterns: two-year follow-up cam-FAIS corrective surgery." Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery 6, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhps/hnz019.
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AbstractFemoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) surgery can produce improvements in function and patient satisfaction; however, data on muscle assessment and kinematics of high mobility tasks of post-operative patients is limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate kinematics and muscle activity during a deep squat task, as well as muscle strength in a 2-year follow-up FAIS corrective surgery. Eleven cam morphology patients underwent motion and electromyography capture while performing a squat task prior and 2-years after osteochondroplasty and were BMI-, age- and sex-matched to 11 healthy control (CTRL) participants. Isometric muscle strength, flexibility and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were also evaluated. Post-operative FAIS was significantly weaker during hip flexion (23%) and hip flexion-with-abduction (25%) movements when compared with CTRL, no improvements in squat depth were observed. However, post-operative FAIS increased the pelvic range of motion during the squat descent (P = 0.016) and ascent (P = 0.047). They had greater peak activity for the semitendinosus and total muscle activity for the gluteus medius, but decreased peak activity for the glutei and rectus femoris during squat descent; greater total muscle activity for the tensor fascia latae was observed during squat ascent (P = 0.005). Although not improving squat depth, post-operative patients increased pelvic ROM and showed positive PROMs. The muscle weakness associated with hip flexion and flexion-with-abduction observed at the follow-up can be associated with the alterations in the muscle activity and neuromuscular patterns. Rehabilitation programs should focus on increasing pelvis and hip muscles flexibility and strength.
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JUNG, JI-YONG, and JUNG-JA KIM. "INFLUENCE OF CUSTOMIZED FOOT ORTHOTICS ON GAIT BALANCE FOR PELVIC ASYMMETRY PATIENTS." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 19, no. 05 (August 2019): 1950039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519419500398.
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Gait is one of the most common and important factor of human movements in daily life. Pelvis is closely connected with the gait due to it allows maintain stable posture by supporting the spine and lower extremities against the gravity. Therefore, pelvic asymmetry, which is caused by biomechanical stress and muscle imbalance, has been associated with postural imbalance and abnormal walking pattern. The purpose of this study was to manufacture customized foot orthotics for improving gait balance and evaluate the effectiveness of customized foot orthotics during walking by measuring lower extremity muscle activity and plantar pressure distribution. All subjects with pelvic asymmetry were asked to walk on a treadmill under three conditions: walking without foot orthotics, walking with customized foot orthotics and walking with non-customized foot orthotics. Root mean square (RMS) value of the electromyography signals, force and peak pressure of the plantar pressure distribution was analyzed based on the gait cycle. The results showed that excessive tension of the muscles and high pressure of the foot that was induced by pelvic asymmetry were more reduced when walking with custom-made foot orthotics than walking without foot orthotics and walking with non-customized foot orthotics. This paper suggest that custom-made orthotics for patients with pelvic asymmetry could be helpful to relieve the excessive loading of the foot and maintain balanced gait pattern.
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Becker, Luis, Katharina Ziegeler, Torsten Diekhoff, Yannick Palmowski, Matthias Pumberger, and Friederike Schömig. "Musculature adaption in patients with lumbosacral transitional vertebrae: a matched-pair analysis of 46 patients." Skeletal Radiology 50, no. 8 (February 3, 2021): 1697–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00256-021-03722-x.
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Abstract Objective Even though lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) are one of the most common congenital anomalies of the spine, their effect on surrounding soft tissues is not well-studied. We therefore aimed at analyzing the association between LSTV and changes in volume, mass, symmetry, and degeneration of lumbar and trunk muscles. Materials and methods Abdomen–pelvis CT scans were analyzed in patients with LSTV and a matched control group. LSTV were classified according to the Castellvi classification. Muscles were segmented from the remaining soft tissue and their cross-sectional area and volume were examined at five defined levels. Threshold segmentation was used to differentiate between muscle fibers and fat tissue. Matched pairs were compared using Wilcoxon rank sum tests. For comparison of categorical data, chi-squared tests were performed and for associations between the degree of fusion and muscle size and degeneration, Spearman’s correlation coefficients were calculated. Inter- and intrarater reliabilities were evaluated by computing intraclass correlation coefficients. Results Forty-six patients with LSTV and 46 controls were included. Muscle volume of the paraspinal and trunk muscles was significantly lower (707.0 cm3 vs. 809.7 cm3, p < 0.001) and fatty muscle changes were significantly increased in all but the caudal paravertebral muscles of LSTV patients (M. psoas p < 0.04, M. quadratus lumborum p < 0.001, paravertebral muscles p = 0.011, M. rectus abdominis p < 0.001, M. obliquus abdominis p < 0.001). Correlations between the degree of Castellvi classification and muscle volume were significant (p = 0.001). Conclusion LSTV are associated with a reduction in muscle volume and an increase in muscle degeneration of both lumbar and trunk muscles.
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Kamatchi, K., B. Arun, G. Tharani, G. Yuvarani, G. Vaishnavi, S. Srilakshmi, and N. Kaviraja. "Effects of Swiss ball exercise and Pilates exercise on core muscle strengthening in college cricketers." Biomedicine 40, no. 3 (November 9, 2020): 377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v40i3.31.
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Introduction and Aim: Cricket is one of the most popular game in India played by men and women of all ages. Core stability is defined as the ability to control the position and movement of the trunk over the pelvis to allow optimum production, transfer and control of force and movement to the terminal segment. Major muscles involved are pelvic floor muscles, Transverse abdominis, multifidus, internal and external obliques, and rectus abdominis. Core is used to stabilize the thorax and the pelvis during dynamic movement. The study helps to compare the effectiveness of Swiss ball exercise and Pilates exercise on gaining core muscle strength. The aim of the study is to compare the effect of Swiss ball exercise and Pilates exercise on core muscle strengthening in college cricketers.
Materials and Methods: The design of the study is comparative type. The study was carried out in faculty of Physiotherapy, Dr.M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute. The study sample of 30 male college cricketers between the age group of 18 to 25 years are included in the study. Individuals with associated neuromuscular conditions, any injuries to lower limbs and any spinal injuries have been excluded in the study. Swiss ball and Pilates mat are the materials used. Sphygmomanometer is the outcome measure.30 male individuals between the age group of 18 to 25 years were divided into two groups, group A and group B. Individuals in the group A (n=15) received the Swiss ball exercise and group B (n=15) received Pilates exercise for 4 session/ week for 6 weeks.
Results: On comparing the mean values of group A and group B on double leg lowering test (DLLT), it shows significant decrease in the post test mean values but (group B- Pilates exercise) shows (30.60) which has the lower mean value is more effective than (group A- Swiss ball exercise) (46.80) at P ? 0.001. Hence, null hypothesis is rejected.
Conclusion: The study concluded that both the group was effective but while comparing Pilates exercise showed the potential treatment option than swiss ball exercise. Hence, Pilates exercise was effective on core muscle strengthening in college cricketers.
Keywords: Swiss ball; Pilates mat; core muscle; sphygmomanometer.
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Guan, Xinyu, Shengzheng Kuai, Liang Song, Weifeng Liu, Yali Liu, Linhong Ji, and Rencheng Wang. "Effects of Ankle Joint Motion on Pelvis-Hip Biomechanics and Muscle Activity Patterns of Healthy Individuals in Knee Immobilization Gait." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2019 (October 15, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3812407.
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The purpose of the study was to investigate the pelvis-hip biomechanics and trunk and lower limb muscle activity patterns between healthy people walking in two gaits and evaluate the effects of ankle joint motion on these two gaits. The two gaits included walking with combined knee and ankle immobilization and with individual knee immobilization. Ten healthy participants were recruited and asked to walk along a 10 m walk away at their comfortable speeds in the two gaits. Kinematic data, ground reaction force, and electromyography waveforms of trunk and lower limb muscles on the right side were collected synchronously. Compared to individual knee immobilization gait, people walking in the combined knee and ankle immobilization gait increased the range and average angle of the anterior pelvic tilt during the first double support and the single support phase, respectively. The combined knee and ankle immobilization gait also increased the range of hip abduction during the second double support phase. These kinematic alternations caused changes in trunk and lower limb muscle activity patterns. The ankle immobilization increased the range of gluteus maximus activation in the first double support phase, the range of rectus abdominis activation, the average amplitude of rectus femoris activation in the single support phase, and the range of rectus femoris activation in swing phase and decreased the range of and tibialis anterior activation in the first double support phase. The ankle immobilization also increased the average values of proximodistal component in AKI gait during the single support phase. This study revealed significant differences in pelvis-hip biomechanics and trunk and lower limb muscle activity patterns between the two gaits.
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Aboufazeli, Mahnaz, Mohammad Akbari, Ali Ashraf Jamshidi, and Mohammad Saleh Jafarpisheh. "Comparison of Selective Local and Global Muscle Thicknesses in Females with and without Chronic Low Back Pain." Ortopedia Traumatologia Rehabilitacja 20, no. 3 (June 27, 2018): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.1473.
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Background. Chronic low back pain (LBP) leads to long-term physical and psychological problems and may result in acute deterioration of the pain. It is hypothesized that size changes in selected limb and pelvis muscles during contracting movements are different between healthy individuals and LBP patients. Materials and methods. A case-control study including two groups of 30 female participants with and without LBP symptoms was designed. Participants were 20-45 years old (36.7±6.7, healthy subjects; 34.6±6.2 LBP subjects). Ultrasonography was used to estimate the thicknesses of the quadratus lumborum (QL), gluteus medius (GMed), transversus abdominis (TrA) and lumbar multifidus (MF). Thickness changes of the muscles in a submaximal contracting position compared to the rest position were measured. Statistical analysis included an independent t-test to determine the significance of differences, and the Kolmogrov-Smirnov two-sample test to evaluate the normality and reliability. Results. All muscles increased their thickness during contractions. The average increase in LBP subjects was lower than in the healthy subjects. The smaller increase in the muscle thickness of GMed in the LBP group may suggest a weakness because of imbalance in the GMed muscle of LBP patients. Conclusions. 1. Ultrasonography of local and global muscles is an appropriate device for clinical diagnosis of LBP. 2. Strengthening TrA, MF, and GMed muscles for pain prevention is effective in the prevention and treatment of LBP.
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Mysorekar, V. R., and A. N. Nandedkar. "A Possible Morphological Sexual Dimorphism in the Human Gastrocnemius Muscle." Medicine, Science and the Law 27, no. 1 (January 1987): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580248702700104.
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In the literature, there is no information about sexual dimorphism in human muscles. The present work attempts to establish sexual dimorphism in the human gastrocnemius muscle. In the females, the femora are more oblique at the lower end due to a broader pelvis. To counteract this obliquity, presumably, at the knee joint a stronger muscle mass would be needed on the medial side. To test this assumption the gastrocnemius muscle was studied in 26 male and 25 female cadavers. In each case, the two heads of the muscle were detached from their origins and the length of each head was measured. The study showed that in the female, on the right side, the medial head of the muscle was significantly longer.
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Mo, Fuhao, Fan Li, Michel Behr, Zhi Xiao, Guanjun Zhang, and Xianping Du. "A Lower Limb-Pelvis Finite Element Model with 3D Active Muscles." Annals of Biomedical Engineering 46, no. 1 (October 16, 2017): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-017-1942-1.
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Sartin, E. A., G. A. Herrera, L. P. Wilkins, and D. F. Wolfe. "Metastatic Multicentric Neurofibrosarcoma of the Lumbosacral Plexus in a Cow." Veterinary Pathology 33, no. 3 (May 1996): 362–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589603300319.
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A metastatic multicentric neurofibrosarcoma of the lumbosacral plexus in an adult cow is described. The left lumbosacral plexus was obliterated by a mass which extended through the intervertebral foramen into the spinal canal and between the dorsal arches of the fifth and sixth lumbar vertebrae. A closely associated (possibly contiguous) mass extended into and separated the left sacroiliac joint. Multiple similar masses involved peripheral nerves and skeletal muscles of the pelvis, pelvic limbs, and abdominal wall. Metastatic lesions were scattered throughout the lungs. The lumbosacral lesion and all other masses consisted of interwoven bundles of loosely cohesive, elongated cells separated by variable collagenous matrix. Many neoplastic cells were positive for S-100 protein. Ultrastructurally, fibroblastic cells were mixed with scattered cells possessing schwannian characteristics.
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Mohammad, Walaa S., and Walaa M. Elsais. "ABDOMINAL/ADDUCTOR STRENGTH IMBALANCE IN SOCCER PLAYERS WITH OSTEITIS PUBIS." Journal of Men's Health 14, no. 3 (June 18, 2018): e33-e40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22374/1875-6859.14.3.5.
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Background and Objective
The muscle imbalance between abdominal and hip adductor muscles as an etiology for osteitis pubis is not well understood. The concept of a relationship between eccentric/concentric ratios at the pelvis and osteitis pubis in athletes is limited. This study aimed to compare the eccentric/concentric ratios for abdominal/adductor, abdominal/back, and hip adductor muscles as well as eccentric abdominal/eccentric adductor muscles in soccer players suffering from osteitis pubis with those in healthy athletes.
Material and Methods
Twenty male soccer athletes with osteitis pubis were recruited to participate and 20 healthy male soccer athletes were recruited to participate. Peak torque/body weight (PT/BW) for the hip adductor, abdominal, and back muscles during isokinetic concentric and eccentric contraction modes at a speed of 180°/s was recorded for healthy players and soccer athletes with osteitis pubis. Eccentric/concentric ratios for the abdominal/adductor, abdominal/back, and hip adductor muscles and the eccentric abdominal/eccentric adductor muscles were measured for both groups.
Results
There was a significant decrease in the eccentric abdominal/concentric hip adductor muscles ratio (p = 0.000) and in the eccentric/concentric hip adductor muscles ratio (p = 0.016) between the osteitis pubis and the healthy control groups.
Conclusion
Soccer players with osteitis pubis present with strength imbalance. The osteitis pubis group displayed eccentric weakness of the abdominal and adductor muscles, resulting in imbalances in the normal eccentric abdominal/concentric adductor and eccentric/concentric adductor ratios. Therefore, exercises that increase the eccentric strength of abdominal and hip adductor muscles may be beneficial to include in rehabilitation programmes of patients with osteitis pubis.
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Ptaszkowski, Kuba, Romuald Zdrojowy, Lucyna Ptaszkowska, Janusz Bartnicki, Jakub Taradaj, and Malgorzata Paprocka-Borowicz. "Electromyographic evaluation of synergist muscles of the pelvic floor muscle depending on the pelvis setting in menopausal women: A prospective observational study." Gait & Posture 71 (June 2019): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.04.024.
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Małecki, Jacek, Mirosław Kokosz, Edward Saulicz, and Izabela Świat-Borowczyk. "The effectiveness of stability training of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex in ballroom dancers with low back pain." Physiotherapy and Health Activity 23, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pha-2015-0010.
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Abstract Background: Low back pain is a common problem in ballroom dancers. In the United States of America about 23% of all injuries in dancers is low back pain. Low back pain in dancers can be related to the extended position of the spine during dancing. The activity of the abdominal muscles, such as transverse abdominis and multifidus muscles can play significant role in the pathomechanics of the problem. These muscles are important for stability of the pelvis and the lumbar spine. The purpose of the study was to estimate the effectiveness of stability exercises of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex in reducing low back pain among ballroom dancers. Material/Methods: 30 professional dancers (mean age of 19 years) both males and females participated in the research. Subjects were randomised into two groups. Dancers from the first group continued normal dance training with extra stability training (the experimental group). Participants from the second group continued normal dance training only, without any modifications (the control group). The pain rate was measured by the Numerical Pain Rating Scale. The stability muscles activity was estimated with the biofeedback pressure unit in supine and prone position. Results: After 6 weeks of stability trainings in dancers from experimental group low back pain significantly decreased and the stability muscles activity improved (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Results of the study show that stability exercises can be effective in reducing low back pain in ballroom dancers. However, prolonged observations and research comparing different training regimens (e.g. general exercises or Pilates) are needed.
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Seki, N., and H. Suzuki. "Electrical properties of smooth muscle cell membrane in renal pelvis of rabbits." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 259, no. 6 (December 1, 1990): F888—F894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1990.259.6.f888.
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Intracellular recordings were made to study the electrical properties of smooth muscle cells in the rabbit renal pelvis. The muscle cells exhibited spontaneous oscillation in the membrane potential (slow wave). The slow waves were regular and were resistant to tetrodotoxin and sympathomimetic or parasympathomimetic antagonists, findings indicative of myogenic activity. The membrane was depolarized by an increase in extracellular concentration of K+ ([K+]o), decrease in [Na+]o, inhibition of the electrogenic Na(+)-K+ pump by ouabain or K(+)-free solution, and the application of norepinephrine (NE, greater than 10(-6) M). The maximum slope of the membrane depolarization produced by a 10-fold increase in [K+]o was approximately 48 mV. Reductions in [Ca2+]o inhibited the generation of slow waves with no marked change in the membrane potential. Depolarizations produced by any given method increased the frequency and decreased the amplitude of the slow wave, and NE had the most potent accelerating action on the frequency. Hyperpolarization of the membrane by 1-5 mV with extracellularly applied current stimuli reduced the frequency, and a strong hyperpolarization (greater than 5 mV) blocked the generation of slow waves. Electrophysiological properties of the slow waves obtained with tissues of the renal pelvis and intestinal smooth muscles were compared.
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Roch, Mélanie, Nathaly Gaudreault, Marie-Pierre Cyr, Gabriel Venne, Nathalie J. Bureau, and Mélanie Morin. "The Female Pelvic Floor Fascia Anatomy: A Systematic Search and Review." Life 11, no. 9 (August 30, 2021): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11090900.
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The female pelvis is a complex anatomical region comprising the pelvic organs, muscles, neurovascular supplies, and fasciae. The anatomy of the pelvic floor and its fascial components are currently poorly described and misunderstood. This systematic search and review aimed to explore and summarize the current state of knowledge on the fascial anatomy of the pelvic floor in women. Methods: A systematic search was performed using Medline and Scopus databases. A synthesis of the findings with a critical appraisal was subsequently carried out. The risk of bias was assessed with the Anatomical Quality Assurance Tool. Results: A total of 39 articles, involving 1192 women, were included in the review. Although the perineal membrane, tendinous arch of pelvic fascia, pubourethral ligaments, rectovaginal fascia, and perineal body were the most frequently described structures, uncertainties were identified in micro- and macro-anatomy. The risk of bias was scored as low in 16 studies (41%), unclear in 3 studies (8%), and high in 20 studies (51%). Conclusions: This review provides the best available evidence on the female anatomy of the pelvic floor fasciae. Future studies should be conducted to clarify the discrepancies highlighted and accurately describe the pelvic floor fasciae.
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Mohammadpour, Navid, Iman Rezaie, and Mohammad Hadadi. "The Relationship between Core Muscles Dysfunction and Chronic Ankle Instability: A Review." Journal of Sport Biomechanics 5, no. 2 (September 1, 2019): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/biomechanics.5.2.4.
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Objective The aim of this study is investigate the core muscles dysfunctions and their consequences in patients with chronic ankle instability. Methods In this review study, search was conducted in three online databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Google scholar based on Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (PICO) strategy, and using keywords related to the role and function of core muscles, their electromyography, kinematic patterns of proximal segments, and postural stability in individuals with chronic ankle instability. Results Seven studies were finally selected for the review based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results indicated that individuals with chronic ankle instability in comparison with healthy peers have different electromyography and kinematic patterns of proximal segments (trunk, abdomen and pelvis). Conclusion Muscle activity and kinematic patterns of proximal segments in individuals with chronic ankle instability are different to those of healthy ones. These differences are compensatory strategies for postural stability. These strategies may not provide the body’s need to maintain and control the poster in new environments or during complex activities. Further studies are needed to investigate effects of the correction of core muscle function on the postural control in individuals with chronic ankle instability.
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Tosun, Ozgur, Muhabbet D. Koralp, Aliye Tosun, Levent Celebi, and Nail Bulakbaşi. "Avulsion Fracture and Myositis Ossificans in a Professional Teenage Dancer: A Case Report." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 30, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2015.2019.
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Fractures of the transverse processes in the lumbar vertebrae occur as the result of major forces such as direct blunt trauma, violent lateral flexion-extension forces, avulsion of the psoas muscle, or Malgaigne fractures of the pelvis. Dancers make repeated and forceful hyperextension and flexions of the spine, which may cause fractures of the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae. Repeated trauma of muscles in dancers may cause avulsion fractures and myositis ossificans. Herein, we report MRI and CT findings of an avulsion from the right transverse process of the L2 and L3 vertebrae in a 16-year-old professional teenage dancer, who responded to conservative treatment.
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Gurfinkel, Victor, Timothy W. Cacciatore, Paul Cordo, Fay Horak, John Nutt, and Rachel Skoss. "Postural Muscle Tone in the Body Axis of Healthy Humans." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 5 (November 2006): 2678–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00406.2006.
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Across the entire human body, postural tone might play its most critical role in the body's axis because the axis joins the four limbs and head into a single functioning unit during complex motor tasks as well as in static postures. Although postural tone is commonly viewed as low-level, tonic motor activity, we hypothesized that postural tone is both tonically and dynamically regulated in the human axis even during quiet stance. Our results describe the vertical distribution of postural muscle tone in the neck, trunk, and hips of standing human adults. Each subject stood blindfolded on a platform that axially rotated the neck, trunk, or pelvis at 1°/s and ±10° relative to the neutral position (i.e., facing forward). The measured resistance to axial rotation was highest in the trunk and lowest in the neck and was characterized by several nonlinear features including short-range stiffness and hysteresis. In half of the subjects, axial muscle activity was relatively constant during axial rotation, and in the other half, muscle activity was modulated by lengthening and shortening reactions, i.e., decreasing activity in lengthening muscles and increasing activity in shortening muscles, respectively. Axial resistance to rotation was reduced in subjects whose muscle activity was modulated. The results indicate that axial tone is modulated sensitively and dynamically, this control originates, at least in part, from tonic lengthening and shortening reactions, and a similar type of control appears to exist for postural tone in the proximal muscles of the arm.
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Singh, Goutam, Sevda Aslan, Beatrice Ugiliweneza, and Andrea Behrman. "Contribution of Trunk Muscles to Upright Sitting with Segmental Support in Children with Spinal Cord Injury." Children 7, no. 12 (December 8, 2020): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children7120278.
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To investigate and compare trunk control and muscle activation during uncompensated sitting in children with and without spinal cord injury (SCI). Static sitting trunk control in ten typically developing (TD) children (5 females, 5 males, mean (SD) age of 6 (2)y) and 26 children with SCI (9 females, 17 males, 5(2)y) was assessed and compared using the Segmental Assessment of Trunk Control (SATCo) test while recording surface electromyography (EMG) from trunk muscles. The SCI group scored significantly lower on the SATCo compared to the TD group. The SCI group produced significantly higher thoracic-paraspinal activation at the lower-ribs, and, below-ribs support levels, and rectus-abdominus activation at below-ribs, pelvis, and no-support levels than the TD group. The SCI group produced significantly higher lumbar-paraspinal activation at inferior-scapula and no-support levels. Children with SCI demonstrated impaired trunk control with the ability to activate trunk muscles above and below the injury level.
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Linder-Ganz, E., and A. Gefen. "Mechanical compression-induced pressure sores in rat hindlimb: muscle stiffness, histology, and computational models." Journal of Applied Physiology 96, no. 6 (June 2004): 2034–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00888.2003.
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Pressure sores affecting muscles are severe injuries associated with ischemia, impaired metabolic activity, excessive tissue deformation, and insufficient lymph drainage caused by prolonged and intensive mechanical loads. We hypothesize that mechanical properties of muscle tissue change as a result of exposure to prolonged and intensive loads. Such changes may affect the distribution of stresses in soft tissues under bony prominences and potentially expose additional uninjured regions of muscle tissue to intensified stresses. In this study, we characterized changes in tangent elastic moduli and strain energy densities of rat gracilis muscles exposed to pressure in vivo (11.5, 35, or 70 kPa for 2, 4, or 6 h) and incorporated the abnormal properties that were measured in finite element models of the head, shoulders, pelvis, and heels of a recumbent patient. Using in vitro uniaxial tension testing, we found that tangent elastic moduli of muscles exposed to 35 and 70 kPa were 1.6-fold those of controls ( P < 0.05, for strains ≤5%) and strain energy densities were 1.4-fold those of controls ( P < 0.05, for strains ≥5%). Histological (phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin) evaluation showed that this stiffening accompanied extensive necrotic damage. Incorporating these effects into the finite element models, we were able to show that the increased muscle stiffness in widening regions results in elevated tissue stresses that exacerbate the potential for tissue necrosis. Interfacial pressures could not predict deep muscle (e.g., longissimus or gluteus) stresses and injuring conditions. We conclude that information on internal muscle stresses is required to establish new criteria for pressure sore prevention.
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Stranix, John T., Neil M. Vranis, Gretl Lam, Timothy Rapp, and Pierre B. Saadeh. "Posterior “Open Book” approach for type 1 internal hemipelvectomy." HIP International 29, no. 3 (November 22, 2018): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120700018812415.
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Introduction: Internal limb-sparing hemipelvectomy is currently the preferred surgical option for resection of pelvic tumours. Obtaining an acceptable functional outcome through the standard ilioinguinal or iliofemoral incisions, only compounds the already challenging dissection, resection and reconstruction of these extensive en-bloc extirpative oncologic operations. Surgical technique: We describe a novel surgical approach to the lateral pelvis that minimises injury to the gluteal muscles, spares the gluteal vessels and provides a broad yet shallow operative field conducive to microsurgery with sizeable vasculature in close proximity to facilitate any microsurgical reconstruction. Access to the ilium and sacrum for Enneking Type 1 and Type 4 resections respectively is obtained by reflecting a skin and soft tissue flap anteriorly while the gluteal muscles are reflected posteriorly and inferiorly. This technique minimises the amount of tissue reflected in any particular direction, therefore, providing a broad and shallow operative field which benefits the orthopaedic oncologic surgeon and the plastic reconstructive surgeon. Conclusion: The “posterior open-book” approach offers a promising alternative to the standard ilioinguinal or iliofemoral incisions for internal limb-sparing Type 1 hemipelvectomies while also optimising the exposure for subsequent reconstructive procedures.