Relevant bibliographies by topics / PEM catalyst support

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers
  5. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'PEM catalyst support'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "PEM catalyst support"

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Ye, Siyu, Miho Hall, and Ping He. "PEM Fuel Cell Catalysts: The Importance of Catalyst Support." ECS Transactions 16, no. 2 (December 18, 2019): 2101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2982050.

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Lo, Chih-Ping, Amod Kumar, and V. Ramani. "RuxTi1-xO2 as Catalyst Support for PEM Fuel Cell." ECS Transactions 33, no. 1 (December 17, 2019): 493–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3484547.

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Gupta, Chanchal, Priyanka H. Maheshwari, Divya Sachdev, A. K. Sahu, and S. R. Dhakate. "Highly purified CNTs: an exceedingly efficient catalyst support for PEM fuel cell." RSC Advances 6, no. 38 (2016): 32258–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra28029j.

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Ambrosio, E. P., M. A. Dumitrescu, C. Francia, C. Gerbaldi, and P. Spinelli. "Ordered Mesoporous Carbons as Catalyst Support for PEM Fuel Cells." Fuel Cells 9, no. 3 (June 2009): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fuce.200800082.

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Negro, E., M. A. De Vries, R. Latsuzbaia, and G. J. M. Koper. "Networked Graphitic Structures as Durable Catalyst Support for PEM Electrodes." Fuel Cells 14, no. 3 (February 13, 2014): 350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fuce.201300175.

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Lo, Chih-Ping, Guanxiong Wang, Amod Kumar, and Vijay Ramani. "RuO2•xH2O-TiO2 as Catalyst Support for PEM Fuel Cells." ECS Transactions 41, no. 1 (December 16, 2019): 1249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3635656.

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Guha, Abhishek, Weijie Lu, Thomas A. Zawodzinski, and David A. Schiraldi. "Surface-modified carbons as platinum catalyst support for PEM fuel cells." Carbon 45, no. 7 (June 2007): 1506–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2007.03.023.

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Mazúr, Petr, Jakub Polonský, Martin Paidar, and Karel Bouzek. "Non-conductive TiO2 as the anode catalyst support for PEM water electrolysis." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 37, no. 17 (September 2012): 12081–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.05.129.

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Pashaie, Pouya, Mohsen Shakeri, and Reza Miremadeddin. "A Kw-Scale Integrated System for On-Demand Hydrogen Generation Using NaBH4 Solution and a Low-Cost Catalyst." Advanced Materials Research 664 (February 2013): 795–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.664.795.

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Among several hydrogen storage methods for application in fuel cells, on-board hydrogen generation using sodium borohydride (NaBH4; a chemical hydride) for application in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells can be considered as a low-weight method for portable applications. In this paper, an integrated continuous-flow system for on-demand hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis reaction of the NaBH4 solution in the presence of a low-cost catalyst is proposed. By using the prepared non-noble Co(NO3)2 on porous alpha-alumina support, as catalyst, the cost of the catalyst has cut down considerably. Up to 15 SLPM high-purity hydrogen gas is expected to be generated by this system to supply to a 1 kW-scale proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack (H2-air, 40% efficiency).
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Long, Donghui, Wei Li, Wenming Qiao, Jin Miyawaki, Seong-Ho Yoon, Isao Mochida, and Licheng Ling. "Partially unzipped carbon nanotubes as a superior catalyst support for PEM fuel cells." Chemical Communications 47, no. 33 (2011): 9429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1cc13488d.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PEM catalyst support"

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von, Kraemer Sophie. "Membrane Electrode Assemblies Based on Hydrocarbon Ionomers and New Catalyst Supports for PEM Fuel Cells." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tillämpad elektrokemi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9208.

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The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a potential electrochemicalpower device for vehicles, auxiliary power units and small-scale power plants. In themembrane electrode assembly (MEA), which is the core of the PEMFC single cell,oxygen in air and hydrogen electrochemically react on separate sides of a membraneand electrical energy is generated. The main challenges of the technology are associatedwith cost and lifetime. To meet these demands, firstly, the component expensesought to be reduced. Secondly, enabling system operation at elevated temperatures,i.e. up to 120 °C, would decrease the complexity of the system and subsequentlyresult in decreased system cost. These aspects and the demand for sufficientlifetime are the strong motives for development of new materials in the field.In this thesis, MEAs based on alternative materials are investigatedwith focus on hydrocarbon proton-conducting polymers, i.e. ionomers, and newcatalyst supports. The materials are evaluated by electrochemical methods, such ascyclic voltammetry, polarisation and impedance measurements; morphological studiesare also undertaken. The choice of ionomers, used in the porous electrodes andmembrane, is crucial in the development of high-performing stable MEAs for dynamicoperating conditions. The MEAs are optimised in terms of electrode compositionand preparation, as these parameters influence the electrode structure andthus the MEA performance. The successfully developed MEAs, based on the hydrocarbonionomer sulfonated polysulfone (sPSU), show promising fuel cell performancein a wide temperature range. Yet, these membranes induce mass-transportlimitations in the electrodes, resulting in deteriorated MEA performance. Further,the structure of the hydrated membranes is examined by nuclear magnetic resonancecryoporometry, revealing a relation between water domain size distributionand mechanical stability of the sPSU membranes. The sPSU electrodes possessproperties similar to those of the Nafion electrode, resulting in high fuel cell performancewhen combined with a high-performing membrane. Also, new catalystsupports are investigated; composite electrodes, in which deposition of platinum(Pt) onto titanium dioxide reduces the direct contact between Pt and carbon, showpromising performance and ex-situ stability. Use of graphitised carbon as catalystsupport improves the electrode stability as revealed by a fuel cell degradation study.The thesis reveals the importance of a precise MEA developmentstrategy, involving a broad methodology for investigating new materials both as integratedMEAs and as separate components. As the MEA components and processesinteract, a holistic approach is required to enable successful design of newMEAs and ultimately development of high-performing low-cost PEMFC systems.
QC 20100922
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Henderson, Kenneth Reed. "Evaluation of the Effect of Microporous Sublayer Design and Fabrication on Performance and Adhesion in PEM Fuel Cell Assemblies." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35348.

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The typical architecture of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) contains a layer called the microporous sublayer (MSL). The MSL is a mixture of carbon black and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), which is typically applied to the gas diffusion layer (GDL). The composition (wt.% PTFE) and loading (mg/cm2) can be varied to optimize the electrochemical performance of the PEMFC and the overall adhesion of the layers within the PEMFC. This research establishes correlations that characterize the performance and adhesion of the layers within the PEMFC based on composition, loading, fabrication pressure, and fabrication time. MSL loading was varied from 1.5-4 mg/cm2, composition was varied from 10-50 wt.% PTFE, fabrication pressure was varied from 3.45-10.34 MPa, and fabrication time was varied from 2-8 minutes. Using these four factors, correlations were created, and optimal solutions for each response were identified. The adhesion correlation identifies a low MSL loading, mid-range MSL composition, high fabrication pressure, and high fabrication time as desirable factors. The performance correlation suggests that the PEMFC performance is enhanced with low MSL loadings, low MSL PTFE content, and a low fabrication pressure and does not find fabrication time to be a significant factor in the correlation.
Master of Science
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Matic, Nikola. "SURFACE SCIENCE ASPECTS OF ELECTROCATALYSIS." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1397794046.

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Louisia, Stéphane. "Synthèse de catalyseurs bimétalliques supportés sur nanotubes de carbone dopés pour pile à combustible PEM." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/17815/7/louisia.pdf.

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Les recherches menées dans le domaine des piles à combustibles à membrane échangeuse de protons (PEMFCs) depuis le début des années 1980 ont permis de considérablement améliorer leurs performances. Deux principaux verrous persistent néanmoins au niveau des catalyseurs : le coût et la stabilité. En effet, pour obtenir de bonnes performances, il faut que la couche active cathodique soit relativement chargée en métaux nobles, comme le platine, ce qui a un coût important. En plus d’être couteux, les catalyseurs utilisés commercialement sont sujets à différents phénomènes de dégradation, notamment l’oxydation du support carboné. Les travaux décrits dans cette thèse visent à produire des catalyseurs bimétalliques supportés sur des nanotubes de carbones dopés, afin de préparer des structures actives pour la Réaction de Réduction de l’Oxygène (ORR) et résistantes dans les conditions de fonctionnement des PEMFCs. La première étape a été la synthèse de nanotubes de carbone dopés à l’azote (N-CNT) ou au soufre (S-CNT). Différents traitements et fonctionnalisations ont été testés pour faciliter le dépôt et la dispersion de nanoparticules métalliques à la surface des nanotubes, faciliter l’intégration du catalyseur dans la couche active et ralentir le phénomène d’oxydation du carbone. Des nanoparticules bimétalliques PtCo et PtNi ont été préparées en utilisant une méthode de synthèse originale utilisant un liquide ionique comme stabilisant. Tous les catalyseurs ainsi synthétisés ont présenté des surfaces électro-actives (ECSA) élevées et de bonnes activités pour l’ORR. Les plus pertinents ont été étudiés en mono-cellules de 25 cm². Ils présentent de meilleurs résultats aux tests de dégradation accélérés du support carboné, comparés à une référence commercial PtCo supporté sur noir de carbone. Une diminution du chargement en platine de la couche active cathodique de 0,4 mgPt/cm² à 0,2 mgPt/cm² a permis d’améliorer les performances de la mono-cellule en diminuant notamment les limitations dûes au transport de matière dans la couche active.
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Bayrakceken, Ayse. "Platinum And Platinum-ruthenium Based Catalysts On Various Carbon Supports Prepared By Different Methods For Pem Fuel Cell Applications." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609448/index.pdf.

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are one of the most promising hydrogen energy conversion devices for portable, mobile and stationary applications. For wide spread usage to produce electricity platinum loading has to be decreased by using highly active electrocatalysts. Even 10 ppm carbon monoxide or higher than 30% carbon dioxide cause performance losses via deactivation which can be diminished by using binary catalysts. The aim of this thesis is to develop new platinum based electrocatalysts with high catalytic activity and to overcome the problems due to the deactivation. platinum and platinum-ruthenium based catalysts on different carbon supports have been prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide deposition and microwave irradiation methods. By using supercritical carbon dioxide deposition platinum on Vulcan XC72R (VXR), multi wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and Black Pearl 2000 (BP2000) catalysts were prepared and characterized by XRD, TEM and cyclic voltammetry (CV). XRD results showed that in catalysts prepared by using supercritical carbon dioxide deposition method, the particle sizes as low as 1-2 nm can be obtained. From the CV results the electrochemical surface areas obtained were Platinum/VXR>
Platinum/MWCNT>
PlatinumBP2000. By means of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the number of electrons transferred per oxygen molecule was calculated as 3.5, 3.6 and 3.7 for Platinum/BP2000, Platinum/VXR and Platinum/MWCNT, respectively. The microwave irradiation was used to prepare platinum on VX, Regal and BP2000 and platinum-ruthenium on VX. The effects of microwave duration, base concentration, carbon support used and surfactant/precursor ratios were investigated. The particle sizes of the catalysts were ranging between 2-6 nm. The prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD, XPS, and then PEMFC tests were performed. The performance was ordered as Platinum/VX>
Platinum/Regal>
Platinum/BP2000. The power losses arising from carbon dioxide in hydrogen feed were decreased by using prepared platinum-ruthenium based catalysts.
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Subbaraman, Ramachandran. "A MULTI-SCALE HIERARCHICAL APPROACH FOR UNDERSTANDING THE STRUCTURE OF THE POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE FUEL CELL (PEMFC) ELECTRODES - FROM NANOPARTICLES TO COMPOSITES." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1205852564.

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Morizur, Vincent. "Fonctionnalisation de polymères et applications dans les domaines de l’énergie, de la catalyse, de la cosmétique et de la santé." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4102.

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Les polymères sont à l’heure actuelle étudiés dans de nombreux domaines comme la chimie, la biochimie, les nanotechnologies, l'électronique, la médecine ou encore les sciences des matériaux et trouvent des applications dans des domaines comme l’industrie automobile, la chimie fine. L’objectif de cette thèse est de réaliser la fonctionnalisation de polymères et de modifier les propriétés de ces matériaux afin d’envisager des nouvelles applications. Nous nous sommes intéressés à des polymères de la famille des poly(aryle éther) et plus particulièrement au poly(éther éther cétone) (PEEK). Ce polymère est connu pour ses propriétés mécaniques, thermiques, électriques ou encore pour sa résistance aux produits chimiques. Dans le premier chapitre, il est question de la fonctionnalisation des différents polymères de départ par des fonctions chlorures de sulfonyle, acides sulfoniques et sulfonamides. Le second chapitre est consacré à la synthèse et à l’étude électrochimique de nouveaux électrolytes polymériques et à de nouvelles membranes pour d’éventuelles applications dans le domaine des batteries au lithium et au sodium, ainsi que dans le domaine des piles à combustible. Dans un troisième chapitre, la préparation de nouveaux catalyseurs métalliques dérivés d’acides sulfoniques polymériques est discutée. Une étude de l’activité catalytique de ces différents catalyseurs a été réalisée sur la réaction d’acylation de Friedel-Crafts. Le quatrième chapitre est consacré à la préparation de nouveaux matériaux ayant des propriétés optiques intéressantes. Enfin dans un cinquième chapitre, la préparation et l’étude de nouveaux matériaux ayant des propriétés antibactériennes sont exposées
Polymers are now being studied in many fields such as chemistry, biochemistry, nanotechnology, electronics, medicine or material science and have applications in areas such as automotive industry, food industry, fine chemistry. The objective of this thesis is to achieve the functionalization of polymers and modify the properties of these materials in order to consider new applications. We were interested in polymers with the poly(aryl ether) motif, more particularly poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK). This polymer is known for its mechanical, thermal, electrical properties and for its resistance to chemicals. In the first chapter, we present the functionalization of different polymers by sulfonyl chloride, sulfonic acid and sulfonamide functions. The second chapter is devoted to the synthesis and electrochemical study of novel polymeric electrolytes and new membranes for potential applications in the field of lithium and sodium batteries, as well as in the field of fuel cells. In the third chapter, the preparation of new metal catalysts derived from polymeric sulfonic acids is discussed. A study of the catalytic activity of these different polymeric catalysts was carried out on the Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction. The fourth chapter is devoted to the preparation of new materials with interesting optical properties. Finally, in the fifth chapter, the preparation and the study of new materials with antibacterial properties are reported
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Fischer, Mathias [Verfasser]. "Characterization of doping atoms (Ta, Nb) in advanced PEM fuel cell supports and catalysts as well as of the surface-solvent interaction of laser-generated Pt nanoparticles : A XAFS study / Mathias Fischer." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2016. http://d-nb.info/112454030X/34.

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Peramo, Arnaud. "Modification sélective de protéines en milieu biologique par réaction de Suzuki-Miyaura nanocatalysée PLGA-PEG-supported Pd nanoparticles as efficient catalysts for Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions in water Selective modification of a native protein in a patient tissue homogenate using palladium nanoparticles A Self-Assembling Palladium-Loaded Calixarene as a Potent Catalyst for the Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-coupling Reaction in Water." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS600.

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Les nanotechnologies ont ouvert de nouvelles perspectives pour l’administration ciblée des médicaments. Les approches actuelles en nanomédecine sont basées sur l’encapsulation d’un principe actif dans un nano-vecteur. Nous proposons dans ce travail l’utilisation de nanoparticules non plus pour adresser un médicament encapsulé vers sa cible, mais pour manipuler une protéine d’intérêt en milieu biologique, ce qui constitue une nouvelle stratégie thérapeutique. Avec cet objectif, nous avons identifié une formulation de nanoparticules de palladium, stable, non toxique et dotée d’un pouvoir catalytique remarquable de la réaction de Suzuki-Miyaura. Ce nano-catalyseur permet, en utilisant un dérivé du bore approprié, de greffer des résidus aromatiques sur des acides aminés halogénés dans un tampon phosphate à température et pH physiologiques. En parallèle, la formulation sous forme de nanoparticules de calixarenes fonctionnalisés par des complexes carbéniques du palladium a été également étudiée. Ce nano-réacteur permet d’effectuer dans l’eau et à température ambiante une réaction d’arylation d’amino acides halogénés de manière très efficace. Nous montrons qu’il est possible grâce à ces nanoparticules de modifier sélectivement par une liaison covalente, la thyroglobuline, une protéine naturelle halogénée, impliquée dans la maladie de Basedow et dans certains cancers de la thyroïde. L’absence de modèle cellulaire exprimant la protéine nous a conduit à tester la réaction dans un homogénat d’organe provenant de l’exérèse chirurgicale de la thyroïde chez un patient de la maladie de Basedow. Le couplage de la thyroglobuline par réaction de Suzuki-Miyaura a pu être détecté par analyse protéomique grâce au marquage par un cycle aromatique simple, et par western blot à l’aide d’une sonde biotine autorisant une détection par immuno-essai. En conclusion, la thèse apporte la démonstration de la formation sélective d’une liaison C-C sur une protéine par des nanoparticules de palladium dans un milieu biologique complexe et en conditions physiologiques. Ces résultats pourraient ouvrir la voie à de nouvelles options thérapeutiques permettant de controler le taux de thyroglobuline dans le cas d’une dérégulation hormonale
Nanotechnology has opened up new perspectives for targeted drug delivery in the treatment of severe diseases. Current approaches in nanomedicine are based on the encapsulation of an active drug in a nanocarrier. In the present study, we have used nanoparticles not to address an encapsulated drug to a target tissue, but for manipulating a protein of interest in a complex biological medium. With this aim, we have identified a stable, non-toxic palladium nanoparticle formulation, embedding a remarkable catalytic activity on the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction. This nano-catalyst allows by using an appropriate boron derivative to couple aromatic residues onto halogenated amino acids in a phosphate buffer at physiological pH. By the same way, the formulation as nanoparticles of calixarene derivatives functionalized with palladium carbene complexes was studied. This new nano-reactor allowed similarly the arylation reaction of halogenated amino acids in water and at ambient temperature in a very efficient manner.We showed that it is possible, thanks to these nanoparticles, to modify selectively by a covalent bond the thyroglobulin, a halogenated natural protein, implicated in Graves' disease and in certain thyroid cancers. The absence of a protein-expressing cellular model led us to test the reaction in an organ homogenate from surgical thyroid excision from a Graves' disease patient. The coupling of thyroglobulin by Suzuki-Miyaura reaction was detected by proteomic analysis by labeling with a simple aromatic ring and by western blotting using a biotin probe allowing detection by immunoassay. In conclusion, the study undertaken in the thesis has shown the selective formation of a CC bond onto a natural protein in a complex biological medium and under physiological conditions, by using palladium nanoparticles. This result paves the way for new therapeutic perspectives to control the level of thyroglobulin in the case of hormonal dysregulation
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Huang, Chuan-chih, and 黃俊智. "Carbon-Supported Pt-Based Alloys as Cathode Catalysts for PEM Fuel Cells." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67494249000276443363.

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碩士
國立中央大學
材料科學與工程研究所
95
Pt-based binary and ternary alloy catalysts (alloying with Fe, Co, Ni and Cu) as cathode materials for PEMFC were investigated. The morphology, crystal structure and electronic structure were analyzed by TEM, XRD, and XPS. TEM images show the metal particles are dispersed on the XC-72 uniformly, but the particle size of various catalysts with different compositions are slightly different. All prepared alloy catalysts exhibit fcc structure and have smaller lattice constants than pure Pt. The order of lattice constants for binary alloy catalysts is PtCu < PtNi < PtCo < PtFe. This result conforms to the atomic radii of these transition metals. Therefore, Cu owns the greatest “geometric factor”. In XPS spectra, positive chemical shifts of Pt-4f are observed for most of the alloy catalysts studied, indicating that the 5d vacancy of Pt is increased by alloying. The amount of positive chemical shift for binary alloy catalysts is in the order of PtFe > PtCo > PtNi > PtCu. It shows Fe exhibits the greatest “electronic factor”. The specific activity, mass activity and electrochemical surface area are obtained from CV analysis. Because the activity depends on the particle size, the comparison between the catalysts must be done very carefully. We observe that the maximum specific activity occur for the catalyst with a Pt-Pt neighbor distance of 2.71 – 2.72 Å. The influence of electronic property to the activity in our study is not obvious. We conclude that the effect of geometric property is more important than electronic property.
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Book chapters on the topic "PEM catalyst support"

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Chen, Zhongwei, and Ryan Hsu. "Catalyst Support Degradation." In PEM Fuel Cell Failure Mode Analysis, 33–72. CRC Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11112-4.

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AlMegren, Hamid Audah, Sergio Gonzalez-Cortes, Yu Huang, Haoyi Chen, Yangdong Qian, Mohammed Alkinany, Saud Aldrees, and Tiancun Xiao. "Preparation of Deep Hydrodesulfurzation Catalysts for Diesel Fuel using Organic Matrix Decomposition Method." In Petrochemical Catalyst Materials, Processes, and Emerging Technologies, 216–53. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9975-5.ch009.

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In this work, a series of supported CoMo or NiMo HDS catalysts have been prepared based on the organic-metal matrix decomposition method and tested for diesel deep HDS with minimum hydrogen consumption under relatively low hydrogen partial pressure conditions. The aim is to develop a HDS catalyst which can reduce sulphur in diesel fuel from 5000ppm down to 50 ppm in a single pass with minimum hydrogen consumption under the conditions of 340oC, 35 bar, LHSV 1.2 h-1 with low H2/oil ratio. The catalysts preparation process was monitored and the resultant catalyst samples before and after the HDS performance test have been characterised, some interesting results have been obtained. The presence of citric acid as organic additive/dispersing agent/chelating agent in the impregnation solution improved HDS activity compared to the equivalent CoMo catalyst prepared without citric acid, The order of activity of the cobalt precursors is Co citrate > Co acetate > Co nitrate.
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Chung-Kim, Esther. "Wittenberg Reformers." In Economics of Faith, 27–51. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197537732.003.0002.

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Wittenberg reformers supported the transfer of formerly Catholic Church properties to government possession. This secularization of church property did not mean a rejection of religion per se; on the contrary, secularization of church property meant that political rulers consolidated the scattered ecclesiastical properties and possessions into a common chest so that they could support the reform of the church. While Martin Luther and Andreas Karlstadt denounced mendicant orders for their begging lifestyle, they called for cities to care for their resident poor so that begging would be obsolete. Their critique became the catalyst for change, including an educated pastorate with preaching as a central component of worship, schools for boys and girls, and a system of poor relief funded by monastic foundations, confraternities, and donations. In the transfer of property to the common chest, Wittenberg reformers were crucial in providing the theological foundations for the transition to a centralized poor relief system.
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Conference papers on the topic "PEM catalyst support"

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Reddy, A. Leela Mohana, M. M. Shaijumon, N. Rajalakshmi, and S. Ramaprabhu. "PEM Fuel Cells With Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as Catalyst Support Material." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97274.

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Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) have been synthesized by the pyrolysis of acetylene using hydrogen decrepitated Mischmetal (Mm) based AB3 alloy hydride catalyst. MWNTs have been characterized by SEM, TEM, Raman and XRD studies. Pt-supported MWNTs (Pt/MWNTs) have been prepared by chemical reduction method using functionalized MWNTs. Composites of Pt/MWNTs and Pt/C have been used as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). Cathode catalyst with 50% Pt/MWNTs and 50% Pt/C gives the best performance because of the better dispersion and good accessibility of MWNTs support and the Pt electrocatalysts in the mixture for the oxygen reduction reaction in PEMFC. The paper emphasizes that Pt/C and Pt/MWNTs composites have good potential as catalyst support material in PEMFC.
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Zhou, Yingke, Robert Pasquarelli, Joe Berry, David Ginley, and Ryan O’Hayre. "Improving PEM Fuel Cell Catalysts Using Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Supports." In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2008-65172.

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This study experimentally examines the effect of nitrogen doping on the activity of Pt/C catalyst systems. The investigation was accomplished through the development of geometrically well-defined model catalytic systems consisting of tunable assemblies of Pt catalyst nanoparticles deposited onto both N-doped and undoped highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrates. N-doping was achieved via ion beam implantation, and Pt was electrodeposited from solutions of H2PtCl6 in aqueous HClO4. Morphology from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and catalytic activity measurement from aqueous electrochemical analysis were utilized to examine the N-doping effects. The results strongly support the theory that doping nitrogen into a graphite support significantly affects both the morphology and behavior of the overlying Pt nanoparticles. In particular, nitrogen-doping was observed to cause a significant decrease in the average Pt nanoparticle size, an increase in the Pt nanoparticle dispersion, and a significant increase in catalytic activity for both methanol oxidation and oxygen reduction.
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Kim, Taegyu, and Sejin Kwon. "MEMS Methanol Reformer Integrated With a Catalytic Combustor for a PEM Fuel Cell." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67081.

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This paper presents the development of a micro methanol reformer for a portable fuel cell power system. The micro methanol reformer consists of a methanol steam reformer, catalytic combustor, and heat-exchanger in-between. Cu/ZnO was selected as a catalyst for methanol steam reforming and Pt for catalytic combustion of hydrogen with air. Porous ceramic material was used as a catalyst support due to large surface area and thermal stability. Photosensitive glass wafers were selected as a structural material. Catalyst loaded supports were inserted in the cavity made on the glass wafer. The membrane heat-exchanger was manufactured to increase the heat transfer between the reformer and the combustor. Performance of reformer and combustor unit was measured at various test conditions and the optimum operation condition was sought. The micro methanol reformer was heated by the catalytic combustor that generated sufficient amount of heat to sustain the steam reforming of methanol. The micro methanol reformer generated 53.7 ml/min hydrogen and the conversion of methanol was 95.7%. The generated hydrogen can operate a 4.5 W polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell.
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Rossetti, Ilenia, Cesare Biffi, Lucio Forni, Gian Franco Tantardini, Giuseppe Faita, Mario Raimondi, Edoardo Vitto, and Davide Alberti. "Integrated 5 kWe + 5 kWt PEM-FC Generator From Bioethanol: A Demonstrative Project." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33049.

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A power unit constituted by a reformer, a H2 purification section and a fuel cell is being installed c/o the Dept. of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Universita` degli Studi di Milano, on the basis of a collaboration with Helbio S.A. (Hydrogen and Energy Production Systems, supplier) and the support of some sponsors (Linea Energia S.p.A., Parco Tecnologico Padano and Provincia di Lodi). The system is suitable to obtain 5 kWelectric (a.c.) + 5 kWthermal (hot water at 70°C) as peak output. H2 is produced by steam reforming (SR) of second generation bioethanol, obtainable by different non-food competitive biomass. The assessment of the effect of biomass nature and of the consequent different impurities left in the produced bioethanol is part of the experimentation, together with the evaluation of the impact of bioethanol production cost on the final energy cost. Furthermore, the effect of different ethanol/steam ratios will be taken into account to lighten as much as possible the energy demanding ethanol dehydration process. The former point focuses on catalyst life, imposing careful ethanol characterisation and proper catalyst formulation, whereas the latter is connected with the overall energetic efficiency and economic sustainability. Indeed, the reforming process requires co-feeding of water, opening the way to the research of different, cheaper, ethanol purification strategies, leading to lower ethanol concentration with respect to the azeotrope. The reformate is purified from CO down to a concentration below 20 ppm, suitable to feed the proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) stack integrated in the fuel processor. This result is achieved by feeding it to two water gas shift reactors, connected in series and operating at high and low temperature, respectively. The expected CO concentration in the outcoming gas is ca. 1 vol% and the final CO removal to meet the specifications is accomplished by selective methanation. The purified H2 is fed to a 5 kWe PEMFC stack, which should have an expected overall efficiency around 80% (including thermal output). The main goal of the present project is to check system performance under widely different operating conditions and load, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed technology and to suggest adequate improvements. Different operating conditions are under evaluation as for ethanol origin, purity, concentration, temperature and space velocity of every reaction step, so to obtain the best compromise between H2 yield, power output and operating costs.
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Zhou, Fan, Samuel Simon Araya, Ionela Florentina Grigoras, Søren Juhl Andreasen, and Søren Knudsen Kær. "Performance Degradation Tests of Phosphoric Acid Doped PBI Membrane Based High Temperature PEM Fuel Cells." In ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with the ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2014-6358.

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Degradation tests of two phosphoric acid (PA) doped PBI membrane based HT-PEM fuel cells were reported in this paper to investigate the effects of start/stop and the presence of methanol in the fuel to the performance degradation. Continuous tests with H2 and simulated reformate which was composed of H2, water steam and methanol as the fuel were performed on both single cells. 12-h-startup/12-h-shutdown dynamic tests were performed on the first single cell with pure dry H2 as the fuel and on the second single cell with simulated reformate as the fuel. Along with the tests electrochemical techniques such as polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to study the degradation mechanisms of the fuel cells. Both single cells showed an increase in the performance in the H2 continuous tests, because of a decrease in the ORR kinetic resistance probably due to the redistribution of PA between the membrane and electrodes. EIS measurement of first fuel cell during the start/stop test showed that the mass transfer resistance and ohmic resistance increased which can be attributed to the corrosion of carbon support in the catalyst layer and degradation of the PBI membrane. During the continuous test with simulated reformate as the fuel the ORR kinetic resistance and mass transfer resistance of both single cells increased. The performance of the second single cell experienced a slight decrease during the start/stop test with simulated reformate as the fuel.
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6

Zhuang, Shiqiang, Xuan Shi, and Eon Soo Lee. "A Review on Non-PGM Cathode Catalysts for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell." In ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2015-49602.

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In recent years, people attach high attention to the energy problem owing to the energy shortage of the world. Since the price of energy resources significantly increases, it is a necessary requirement to develop new alternative sources of energy to replace non-renewable energy resources. Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell technology is one of the promising fields of clean and sustainable power, which is based on direct conversion of fuel into electricity. However, at the present moment PEM fuel cell is unable to be successful commercialization. The main factor is the high cost of materials in catalyst layer which is a core part of PEM fuel cell. In order to reduce the overall system cost, developing active, inexpensive non-platinum group metal (non-PGM) electrode catalysts to replace currently used Platinum (Pt)-based catalysts is a necessary and essential requirement. This paper reviews several important kinds of non-PGM electro-catalysts with different elements, such as nitrogen, transition metal, and metal organic frameworks (MOF). Among these catalysts, transition metal nitrogen-containing complexes supported on carbon materials (M-N/C) are considered the most potential oxidation reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts. The main synthetic methods are high temperature heat treating (800–1000°C). The mechanical and electrochemical properties of the final product will be analyzed by several characterization methods. For example, a RRDE test will be used to measure electron transfer number and ORR reactivity, which are the most important electrochemical properties of the new catalyst. And the morphology, particle size, crystal phase and specific surface area can be analyzed with SEM, TEM, XRD and BET methods. Although great improvement has been achieved in non-PGM catalyst area of research, there are still some challenges in both ORR activity and stability of non-PGM catalysts. Consequently, how to improve the ORR activity and stability are the major challenge of non-PGM catalyst research and development. Based on the results achieved in this area, our future research direction is also presented and discussed in this paper.
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Rizvandi, Omid B., and Serhat Yesilyurt. "Design of Anode Flow Channels and Headers for a Large PEMFC Operating at Ultra-Low Stoichiometric Flow Conditions at the Anode Exit." In ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2016-8018.

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High utilization of hydrogen is desired in operation of PEM fuel cells. Typically, additional devices for hydrogen recovery at the anode exit are necessary. Alternatively, dead-ended anode (DEA) operation may be considered, however this mode causes severe voltage transients and loss of catalyst support in hydrogen-depleted regions of the active area. Here. ultra-low stoichiometric (ULS) flow conditions that deliver very high hydrogen utilization is considered, however uniform flow distribution is necessary in this case. In order to obtain the flow distribution in the channels and in the inlet and exhaust headers in the anode, a three-dimensional CFD model is developed based on the finite-element method to solve Stokes equations subject to no-slip boundary conditions on the walls, specified pressure at the inlet and specified flow rate at the exit, which is set to a very low value comparable to the typical rate of nitrogen accumulation in the anode side in order to simulate the ULS flow. Uniformity of the flow distribution between the channels is quantified by means of two performance metrics: (i) the root-mean-square (rms) of the channel average velocities; (ii) the ratio of maximum and minimum values of the channel averages. Effects of geometric parameters, such as the widths of the channels and ribs and the position and lengths of the baffles in the inlet and exhaust headers are studied. The final design has less than 5% rms, and less than 1.2 for maximum to minimum average channel velocity ratio.
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8

O’Brien, Christopher, Michael Leshchiner, and Todd M. Ryan. "Design and Demonstration of a Multi-Fuel Automotive Fuel Processor With Novel Catalyst Integration and Rapid Control System." In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2008-65238.

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A complete automotive onboard multi-fuel fuel processing system (FPS) that addresses some of the key issues of catalyst utilization, fuel cell integration, and control has been developed and tested, producing up to 1.2 grams per second of hydrogen flow in a total package volume of 150 liters. The reforming reaction train includes an autothermal reforming (ATR) zone, water-gas shift (WGS), and preferential oxidation (PrOx), all integrated with heat exchange to preheat reactants and generate process steam. The WGS and PrOx catalysts are integrated on metallic supports within a novel modular catalyst coated heat exchanger design that incorporates catalytic reaction, air preheat, and steam generation in a single device. The use of the catalyst coated heat exchangers eliminates the need for separate high-temperature shift and low-temperature shift zones; these are replaced by a continuously cooled single WGS zone. Due to the novel integration of catalytic heat exchangers, this FPS uses approximately half the catalyst per unit hydrogen produced than the previous generation, allowing for significant cost reduction.
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9

Zenyuk, Iryna, and Shawn Litster. "The Effect of Electric Double Layers on Ionic Conductivity in the Agglomerates of PEM Fuel Cell Anodes." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33299.

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We present a theoretical analysis of ionic transport inside the catalyst particle agglomerates that form the electrodes of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The electrodes continue to be the subject of intense research and development because they are still the largest cost and source of performance degradation in PEM fuel cells. The advancement of electrodes requires proper understanding of the electrode structure and the relevant transport processes. However, the details of the electrode microstructure and the micro-scale and nano-scale transport mechanisms are still not well understood. A common hypothesis, supported by recent coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, is that the primary pores (the pores inside the agglomerates) are void space and not filled with Nafion electrolyte. Instead, it has been postulated that the primary pores are saturated with liquid water during operation. Here, we report on the effect of the electric double layers (EDLs), which form at the interface between the water and the carbon catalyst supports, on the ionic transport within the agglomerates. The multi-scale model addresses phenomena at two length scales: (1) the nano-scale EDL thickness and (2) the microscale agglomerate radius. We model the EDL using the Gouy-Chapman-Stern model, which provides a pore average conductivity for the spherical conduction-reaction model of the agglomerate. We use a spherical agglomerate model to calculate an effectiveness factor for the electrochemical reactions. Here we present the application of the model to the anode, where the low activation overpotential allows linearizations and convenient analytical solutions. A key finding of this work is the important role the EDLs have in establishing the effectiveness of the platinum catalyst utilization. In addition, we resolve the dependence of the agglomerate effectiveness factor on the activation overpotential and agglomerate radius. We observe a significant nonmonotonic dependence of the catalyst effectiveness factor on the overpotential and dramatic improvement in effectiveness of catalyst utilization with smaller agglomerates.
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10

Sui, P. C., N. Djilali, and Qianpu Wang. "A Pore Scale Model for the Transport Phenomena in the Catalyst Layer of a PEM Fuel Cell." In ASME 2008 First International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat Transfer. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnht2008-52152.

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In a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), the catalyst layer is a porous medium made of carbon-supported catalysts and solid electrolyte, and has a thickness in the order of 10 μm. Within this layer, complex transport phenomena take place: transport of charged species (H+, electrons and ionic radicals), non-charged species (gaseous H2O, O2, H2, N2 and liquid water) and heat transfer occur in their own pathways. Furthermore, phase change of water and physiochemical/electrochemical reactions also take place on phase boundaries. These transport process take place in an intertwined network of materials having characteristic length scale ranging from nano-meters to micro-meters. The objective of the present study is two-fold, i.e., to develop a rigorous theoretical framework based on which the transport in the micro-structural level can be modelled, and to construct a pore scale model that resolves the geometry of the phases (carbon, ionomer and gas pores) for which direct numerical simulation can be performed. The theoretical framework is developed by employing the volume-averaging techniques for multi-phase porous media. The complete set of the conservation equations for all species in all phases are derived and every interfacial transport is accounted. The problem of model closure on the terms in the transport equations is addressed by the pore-scale model reported in the present study. A 3-D pore-scale model is constructed by a solid model that consists of packing spherical carbon particles and simulated ionomer coating on these carbon aggregates. The index system of the pore-scale model allows easy identification of volumetric pathway, interfaces and triple phase boundaries. The transport of charged and non-charged species is simulated by solving the equations based on first principle in the entire representative element volume (REV) domain. The computational domain contains typically several million cells and a parallelized, iterative solver, GMRES, is employed to solve the coupled transport with complex geometries. Computational results based on the pore-scale model show that the effective transport properties of the species are strongly affected by the micro-structure, e.g. morphology and phase-connectivity. Further simulations and investigation on the coupling effects of the transport are underway. Combination of the proposed theoretical framework and pore-scale model will lay a foundation for the construction of multi-scale modelling of the PEMFC catalyst layer. On the one hand, the pore-scale model helps close the macroscopic volume-averaged equations in the framework. On the other hand, the pore-scale model provides a platform to include microscopic or atomistic simulations.
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Reports on the topic "PEM catalyst support"

1

Mark Debe. Final Report - Advanced Cathode Catalysts and Supports for PEM Fuel Cells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1052138.

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2

Steinbach, Andrew. Final Technical Report for project entitled Highly Active, Durable, and Ultra-Low PGM NSTF Thin Film ORR Catalysts and Support. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1608958.

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