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Journal articles on the topic 'Pen-Writing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 September 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Sherafudeen, Shana, and Rinsa Rees. "Pen Craft - A Writing Enhancement Platform." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 14, no. 4 (2025): 1675–79. https://doi.org/10.21275/sr25417181530.

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2

Lin, Yu-Chen, Yen-Li Chao, Chieh-Hsiang Hsu, Hsiao-Man Hsu, Po-Tsun Chen, and Li-Chieh Kuo. "The effect of task complexity on handwriting kinetics." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 86, no. 2 (2019): 158–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008417419832327.

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Background. Knowledge regarding the relationship between writing kinetics and the difference among writing tasks is limited. Purpose. This study examined the differences in handwriting performance when doing tasks with different levels of challenge from both temporal and kinetic perspectives among children in four different age groups. Method. The cross-sectional design introduced a force-acquisition pen to detect differences of pen grip and writing kinetics among 170 school-age children doing writing tasks at different difficulty levels. Data were obtained on the force information of the digi

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3

Whiteford, Rhona. "Writing: Putting pen to paper." Practical Pre-School 2012, no. 132 (2012): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/prps.2012.1.132.6.

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4

Lee, Han Sol, Jinyoung Youn, Jong Hyeon Ahn, Jin Whan Cho, Duk L. Na, and Ji Hye Yoon. "Changes in Pen Pressure, Letter Size, and Writing Speed According to Visual Cues in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease." Audiology and Speech Research 18, no. 4 (2022): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21848/asr.210035.

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Purpose: Writing performance can be improved in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) by providing the visual cues. This study aimed to investigate the changes in pen pressure, letter size, and writing speed as per levels of visual cues.Methods: Sixty-three participants (38 PD patients and 25 normal adults) performed tasks, including sentence writing along visual cue levels using a tablet personal computer, digital pen, and software that could measure the pen pressure, stroke length, and duration.Results: First, the PD group’s pen pressure and letter size were improved when the visual cue was

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Pertama Sari, Angela Bayu, Erna Andriyanti, and Pratomo Widodo. "Authentic Learning Environment through Pen Pal for Writing Anxiety." XLinguae 17, no. 4 (2024): 262–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/xl.2024.17.04.16.

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For English language learners, writing anxiety can be a significant hurdle that inhibits them from communicating effectively through written language. One potential solution for writing anxiety is establishing an authentic learning environment through online pen pal activity. This mixed method study aimed to investigate how an authentic learning environment through online pen pals by using slowly application contributed positively as the solution for EFL students’ writing anxiety. Ninety non-English major students were given a three-week learning assignment encompassing engagement with online

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6

Siton, Chris Shantana, Shaenly Christell Bao, Angel Micah Rejas, Bea Athena Cabang, and Claire Lynn B. Culajara. "Comparing Writing Speed and Quantity with Sign Pens and Ballpoint Pens: An Experimental Analysis." American Journal of Human Psychology 3, no. 1 (2025): 14–19. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajhp.v3i1.4190.

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This study investigated the impact of sign pens and ballpoint pens on writing performance, with a focus on writing speed and quantity. Participants of the study were 20 college students who took part in a within-subject experiment, rewriting a 587-word story under controlled conditions with both pen types. Writing speed was assessed in words per minute, and the total quantity of words was recorded as well. Statistical tools, such as paired sample t-test and Wilcoxon rank test in which results show for speed of writing is that sign pens significantly outperformed the ballpoint pen (p = 0.004, d

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Wolfe, Edward W., Sandra Bolton, Brian Feltovich, and Art W. Bangert. "A Study of Word Processing Experience and its Effects on Student Essay Writing." Journal of Educational Computing Research 14, no. 3 (1996): 269–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/xtdu-j5l2-wtpp-91w2.

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This study investigates how word processing experience influences student performance on a direct writing assessment. We investigated factors influencing a student's decision about using word processors for writing; whether students with less experience writing with word processors receive lower scores on word processed essays; and differences in length, neatness, mechanical correctness, and tone of the student writing as related to experience with word processors. In this study, students with different levels of experience using word processors wrote two essays: one with word processors and o

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8

Samajdar, Saunak. "The Kathartic Pen: Writing and Painlessness." SALESIAN JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES 8, no. 2 (2017): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.51818/sjhss.8.2017.46-49.

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9

Maldonado, Héctor I., and Aminda H. Sierra. "Crayon Obliteration over Ballpoint Pen Writing." Journal of Forensic Sciences 37, no. 6 (1992): 13359J. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs13359j.

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10

Telford, Mark. "Nanoscale writing in fountain-pen mode." Materials Today 8, no. 7 (2005): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(05)70965-2.

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11

Liu, Feng, and Renji Zhang. "Aerodynamically assisted tip-pen direct writing." Tsinghua Science and Technology 14, S1 (2009): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1007-0214(09)70077-x.

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12

Pan, Hong Bin. "Computer Simulation and Implementation in Chinese Calligraphy Dry Brush." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 1689–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.1689.

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It is a new important research and applied field to create art by using computer technology. This article is primarily targeted to introduce a method which applies relevant theories and technology of Graphics and Image Processing, combined with the relevant skills and technique of Chinese painting and calligraphy to make a primary study on the simulation in writing strokes of Chinese withered pen calligraphy in the Digital Pen Simulated System of Painting and Calligraphy, and provides a pen pressure-sensitive mathematic model for the writing brush based on the mechanics principle. And also, we

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13

Lee, Jongju, Sohail Murad, and Alex Nikolov. "Ballpoint/Rollerball Pens: Writing Performance and Evaluation." Colloids and Interfaces 7, no. 2 (2023): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids7020029.

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Here, a brief history of the development of the ballpoint/rollerball pen and the fountain pen is presented. Their principle of operation is analogous that of multipart microfluidics-type devices, where capillarity–gravity drives the ink, a complex fluid, to flow in the confinement of a micrometer-sized canal or to lubricate a ball rotating in a socket. The differences in the operational writing principles of the fountain pen versus the ballpoint/rollerball pen are discussed. The ballpoint/rollerball pen’s manner of writing was monitored using lens end fiber optics and was digitally recorded. T

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Kaur, Amanpreet. "Forensic study on the effect of atypical surfaces and writing instruments on handwriting characteristics." Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego 64 (March 9, 2023): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.64.9.

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Handwriting examination is becoming a captivating field nowadays, as there are numerous cases where handwriting is not written on a usual surface – i.e., paper, with a conventional writing instrument – i.e., pen. However, while it is interesting to analyze these types of handwriting samples, most forensic document examiners find it difficult due to the effect atypical surface and writing instrument have on handwriting characteristics. Thus, a systematized study has been carried out on documents prepared on unconventional surfaces such as cardboard, cloth piece, and blackboard, with uncommon wr

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Toshi, Pandey*1 Nandini Katare 2. &. Dr. Kavita Sharma 3. "INFLUENCE OF WRITING INSTRUMENT ON THE HANDWRITING OF STUDENTS OF AN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE." GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND RESEARCHES [FRTSSDS- June 2018] (June 22, 2018): 381–87. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1296274.

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The present study aims at identifying the influence of writing instrument on the handwriting of students of an educational institute. Seventy-five students belonging to the age group 18 yrs. to 25 yrs. were selected for the study and five writing samples written with five different instruments (pen) were collected from each student. The samples were analyzed using stereomicroscope, hand magnifying glass and protractor to study the variations and it was found that the writings from Ball pen and Gel pen reveal no such significant difference but when the two compared with the writings from Founta

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Gui, Kaige, and Zhengwei Yao. "Design and Implementation of Virtual Roaming Control Method Based on Pen Tablet." Scientific Programming 2022 (August 28, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8415406.

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A natural game interaction method can bring a good game experience to users, but pen-type interaction, which is one of the natural human-computer interaction methods, rarely appears in games, especially three-dimensional games. The main reason is that most pen-type interactive devices are developed for two-dimensional applications such as writing and painting. Whether the pen-based interaction can be extended from two-dimensional to three-dimensional is the key to whether the pen-based interaction can become one of the leading interactive methods of the game. The pen tablet is one of the most

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17

Chevigny, Bell Gale. "PEN Prison Writing: Punishment and Creative Resistance." Journal of Prisoners on Prisons 19, no. 1 (2010): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/jpp.v19i1.5237.

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18

Masson, Janet Fenner. "Felt Tip Pen Writing: Problems of Identification." Journal of Forensic Sciences 30, no. 1 (1985): 10978J. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs10978j.

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19

Winslow, Elizabeth H. "Effective Writing: Put Power in your Pen." Australian Critical Care 8, no. 1 (1995): 35–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1036-7314(95)70240-5.

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20

Sitompul, Eka Lestari, Daniel Fransihar Sibagariang, Ana Maria Togatorop, Isni Salamah Tarigan, and Irma Khoirot Daulay. "IMPLEMENTATION OF PEN-PAL PROJECT TO TEACH WRITING SKILL OF RECOUNT TEXT AT THE EIGHT CLASS OF SMP NASRANI 1 MEDAN." Jurnal Bahasa Indonesia Prima (BIP) 2, no. 1 (2020): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.34012/bip.v2i1.878.

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The purpose of this study to determine the implementation of the pen pal project in teaching recount text writing skills to eighth grade students. Moreover, this study also intends to determine students' responses to the learning strategy after the implementation of correspondence with their pen pals. This research used descriptive qualitative. The subject of this study was eighth grade students of SMP Nasrani 1 Medan. This study used an observation sheet to observe the implementation of a letter with pen pals in the learning and teaching process, for more accurate data, researchers distribute

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21

Liu, Guangtian, Haonan Su, Jingyu Wang, et al. "Towards Bare-Hand Interaction for Whiteboard Collaboration in Virtual Reality." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 9, no. 2 (2025): 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1145/3711092.

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Whiteboard collaboration in virtual reality (VR) is an important task in collaborative virtual environments. The current research mainly relies on the use of controllers or dedicated pens but additional devices will cause inconvenience to users. Bare-hand writing offers rich collaborative semantics through natural gestures but remains underexplored. This paper addresses challenges and solutions for bare-hand whiteboard collaboration. We analyze the input process and identify key challenges in determining pen-drop, writing, and pen-lift intentions while maintaining user control over their avata

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22

Lee, Han Sol, Jinyoung Youn, Jong Hyeon Ahn, Jin Whan Cho, Duk L. Na, and Ji Hye Yoon. "Predictive Indicators of Kinematic Writing Ability in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: Focusing on Cognition, Depression, and Motor Abilities." Communication Sciences & Disorders 27, no. 1 (2022): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12963/csd.22887.

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Objectives: Parkinson’s disease (PD) can affect not only motor abilities but also cognition and depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive indicators of kinematic writing ability in patients with Parkinson’s disease.Methods: Seventy-two subjects (47 patients with PD, 25 normal adults [NA]) performed tasks; including sentence writing along visual cues using software that could measure pen pressure, letter size, and writing speed.Results: Firstly, discriminant analysis showed that the writing speeds were good discriminators for the PD group. Secondly, the PD group sh

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23

Bradford, Timothy. "Visiting the Blues: PEN America 2021 Prison Writing Awards Anthology by Pen America." World Literature Today 97, no. 2 (2023): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wlt.2023.0083.

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24

Nackaerts, Evelien, Alice Nieuwboer, and Elisabetta Farella. "Technology-Assisted Rehabilitation of Writing Skills in Parkinson’s Disease: Visual Cueing versus Intelligent Feedback." Parkinson's Disease 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9198037.

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Recent research showed that visual cueing can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on handwriting of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and healthy controls depending on the circumstances. Hence, using other sensory modalities to deliver cueing or feedback may be a valuable alternative. Therefore, the current study compared the effects of short-term training with either continuous visual cues or intermittent intelligent verbal feedback. Ten PD patients and nine healthy controls were randomly assigned to one of these training modes. To assess transfer of learning, writing performanc

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25

Gupta, A. K., Gulshan Rai, and O. P. Chugh. "Determination of writing sequence of strokes of ball-point pen versus ball-point pen and other conventional writing instruments." Forensic Science International 34, no. 3 (1987): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-0738(87)90076-4.

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26

Li, Zedong, Hao Liu, Cheng Ouyang, et al. "Pen-Based Writing: Recent Advances in Pen-Based Writing Electronics and their Emerging Applications (Adv. Funct. Mater. 2/2016)." Advanced Functional Materials 26, no. 2 (2016): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201670009.

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27

Noyan, Ebru, and Zeynep Kocoglu. "Developing EFL Writing Skills through WhatsApp Dialogue Journaling." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 10, no. 2 (2019): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.10n.2p.38.

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The present study attempts to explore the effects of WhatsApp and Pen/Paper dialogue journal writing techniques on university students’ writing performance. 45 freshmen students from Sociology department of State University in Turkey, participated in the current study forming three homogenous groups of 15, namely WhatsApp dialogue journaling (WDJ), pen/paper dialogue journaling (Pap DJW) and the control group. The experimental groups (WDJ and Pap DJW) received 12 treatment sessions expecting students to create dialogues through dialogue journaling while the control group had no treatment excep

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28

Giri, R., S. P. Chimouriya, and B. R. Ghimire. "Application of Absorption Spectra to Study Order of Sequence in Intersecting Printed and Pen Strokes." Journal of Nepal Physical Society 8, no. 3 (2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnphyssoc.v8i3.50696.

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This work is performed to establish chronological order in crossing strokes between printed stroke and pen strokes. Nine different types of pens including cello maxriter pen (black and blue), pilot pen (red and black), cello pointec pen (black and blue) and cello techno tip pen (red, black and blue) are used to produce pen strokes and for printed stroke Canon LBP 3300 printer is used. In the case of printed stroke, only black color stroke is applied. As a result, samples of both homogeneous and heterogeneous intersecting strokes are prepared. This work is based on the assumption that nature an

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Alfiani, Syafira, Primardiana Hermilia Wijayati, and Mirjam Anugerahwati. "Teaching Writing Skill Using Instagram and Paper & Pen." Randwick International of Education and Linguistics Science Journal 5, no. 4 (2024): 1350–62. https://doi.org/10.47175/rielsj.v5i4.1102.

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In this study, students’ writing score were analyzed to see whether group of students who use paper and pen or Instagram were more effective to be used in teaching writing skill. Besides, students’ response towards those two different methods were analyzed. Comparative research was carried out to know which method is more significance. By using one-way anova, the significance between the comparation use of paper and pen and social media (Instagram) is endeavored during writing process. The research was conducted in five treatments after pre-test were given and followed by post-test. Besides, q

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Wu, Xiaoping, Yupeng Liu, Chu Zhang, Hengnian Qi, and Sébastien Jacques. "Implementation of a Fusion Classification Model for Efficient Pen-Holding Posture Detection." Electronics 12, no. 10 (2023): 2208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12102208.

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Pen-holding postures (PHPs) can significantly affect the speed and quality of writing, and incorrect postures can lead to health problems. This paper presents and experimentally implements a methodology for quickly recognizing and correcting poor writing postures using a digital dot matrix pen. The method first extracts basic handwriting information, including page number, handwriting coordinates, movement trajectory, pen tip pressure, stroke sequence, and pen handling time. This information is then used to generate writing features that are fed into our proposed fusion classification model, w

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31

Berninger, Virginia W., Robert D. Abbott, Amy Augsburger, and Noelia Garcia. "Comparison of Pen and Keyboard Transcription Modes in Children with and without Learning Disabilities." Learning Disability Quarterly 32, no. 3 (2009): 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27740364.

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Fourth graders with learning disabilities in transcription (handwriting and spelling), LD-TD, and without LD-TD (non-LD), were compared on three writing tasks (letters, sentences, and essays), which differed by level of language, when writing by pen and by keyboard. The two groups did not differ significantly in Verbal IQ but did in handwriting, spelling, and composing achievement. Although LD-TD and non-LD groups did not differ in total time for producing letters by pen or keyboard, both groups took longer to compose sentences and essays by keyboard than by pen. Students in both groups tended

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Guo, Qianrui, Yongtian Wang, Yue Liu, and Dong Han. "A Pen-Based Interactive Projection System Based on the Infrared Scanning Projector." International Journal of Virtual Reality 9, no. 3 (2010): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/ijvr.2010.9.3.2783.

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Nowadays, how to make a human-computer interaction system which can take into account large-area display, high precision tracking and multi-user operation at the same time is a hot research topic. This paper presents a novel low cost pen-based projective interaction system that can write or draw like writing brush. The system is composed of infrared scanning projector, digital pen, projector, screen, wireless receiver module and computer. The infrared scanning projector is designed to achieve fast projection, which is to track the pen's two dimensional location accurately along with the digita

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DURAN, Erol. "Writing Effectiveness: A Comparison of Pen and Keyboard." Journal of Turkish Studies Volume 8 Issue 3, no. 8 (2013): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/turkishstudies.4079.

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34

Moayeri, Maryam. "Beyond the Red Pen: Writing for Authentic Audiences." International Journal of the Humanities: Annual Review 3, no. 2 (2006): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1447-9508/cgp/v03i02/41554.

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35

Devlin, Andrea, Claire Graydon, and Steven J. Strach. "Line Direction Determination of Ballpoint Pen Ink Writing." Journal of the American Society of Questioned Document Examiners 18, no. 1 (2015): 29–39. https://doi.org/10.69525/jasqde.213.

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Determining the direction in which written lines have been executed is an important part of the work of the forensic document examiner. This information can be of key importance in the comparative examination of questioned and specimen signatures and handwriting and also in determining the presence of altered writings (Fryd, 1975). The purpose of this paper is to report on an initial assessment of the reliability of a documented method of determining ballpoint pen ink line directions by observing the preferential build-up of ink on the upstream side of paper fibres. During 2013 and 2014 docume

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Martin, Paul, and Albert H. Lyter. "Examination of Gel Pen Ink by Microspectrometry." Journal of the American Society of Questioned Document Examiners 8, no. 2 (2005): 73–77. https://doi.org/10.69525/jasqde.120.

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The examination of writing inks has been an integral part of questioned document examination since its inception. The types of inks and writing instruments of concern have progressed from pencil and nib pen to ballpoint and porous-point pens. The most recent development in both ink and writing instruments has been the gel-ink pen. This instrument is a marriage of the ball pen with polymeric gel ink containing both dyes and pigments as colorant and water-based gel. This paper looks at the feasibility of using a Craic Technologies Questioned Document System II (QDS II) microspectrometer as an an

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Vasylets, Olena, and Javier Marín. "Pen-and-Paper versus Computer-Mediated Writing Modality as a New Dimension of Task Complexity." Languages 7, no. 3 (2022): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7030195.

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In this paper we make a proposal that writing modality (pen-and-paper versus computer-based writing can be conceptualized as a cognitive task complexity factor. To lay ground for this theoretical proposal, we first review previous adaptations of cognitive task-based models to second language (L2) writing. We then compare pen-and-paper and computer-based writing modalities in terms of their general characteristics, outline the main tenets of multidisciplinary theoretical models which attribute learning and performance-related importance to writing modality, and review the available empirical ev

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Larrotta, Clarena, and HeeJae Chung. "Foreign-born TESOL Instructors Assisting Adult Immigrant Learners to Develop Civic Literacy Skills: A Pen Pal Project." International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies 8, no. 2 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.8n.2p.1.

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This article discusses the contributions of foreign-born TESOL instructors helping adult language learners develop literacy skills through a pen pal project, which lasted 10 weeks and consisted of writing letters back and forth weekly. The project provided adult immigrant learners with an opportunity to practice meaningful writing to support their English literacy development. The research questions include how do foreign-born TESOL instructors support adult immigrant learners develop literacy through a pen pal project? and what components of the pen pal project promote the development of civi

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Prunty, Mellissa M., Anna Pratt, Evren Raman, Laura Simmons, and Fahyma Steele-Bobat. "Grip strength and pen pressure are not key contributors to handwriting difficulties in children with developmental coordination disorder." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 83, no. 6 (2020): 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308022619885046.

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Introduction Children with developmental coordination disorder have significant difficulties with handwriting. Factors such as hand grip strength and pen pressure are often assumed by clinicians to play a role, although empirical evidence is lacking. The aim of this study was to measure grip strength and pen pressure to examine their relationships with handwriting performance in children with developmental coordination disorder. Method Sixteen 8–14-year-old children with developmental coordination disorder were compared with 20 typically developing age- and gender-matched controls. Palmar, pin

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Chandler, Daniel. "Writing strategies and writers' tools." English Today 9, no. 2 (1993): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400000341.

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Streeting, Jessica. "Writing and nursing: An unlikely Nightingale." British Journal of Child Health 2, no. 2 (2021): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/chhe.2021.2.2.94.

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42

Yusop, Z. M., M. Z. Md Zain, M. Hussein, A. R. Musa, and I. Ishak. "Assistive Pen to Improve Quality Writing of Hand Tremor with Proportional-Control." International Journal of Materials, Mechanics and Manufacturing 3, no. 1 (2015): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijmmm.2015.v3.166.

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43

Haney, Michelle. "Project Pen Pal A Win-Win Service Learning Project for College Students and First-Grade Children." Georgia Journal of Literacy 33, no. 1 (2010): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.56887/galiteracy.74.

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This study explores a pen pal project in which college students studying human development are matched with first-grade students beginning to learn letter-writing skills. Analyses of college student final reports indicate that this project facilitated learning by offering an enjoyable authentic learning experience. Furthermore, teacher reports indicated that the first-grade students were highly motivated by the pen pal experience. Recommendations for further developing a pen pal service learning activity are provided.

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Moore, Clarra, and Patrick Buzzini. "A Review on Porous-Tipped Writing Instruments—Current Market Trends, Properties, and Analytical Methodologies." Journal of the American Society of Questioned Document Examiners 23, no. 2 (2020): 21–32. https://doi.org/10.69525/jasqde.267.

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Porous-tipped pens, commonly referred to as “felt-” or “fiber-tipped” pens, are a ubiquitous form of writing instruments that can have artistic, non-artistic, and even mixed applications depending both on the product’s intended use and the user’s preference. Despite a few studies that have been carried out to gather information about the physical and chemical properties of these writing instruments, poroustipped pens and their inks constitute an under-researched area within the field of forensic document examination. The present review aims to thoroughly discuss the developments of the porous-

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Kee, Seyoung, Peikai Zhang, and Jadranka Travas-Sejdic. "Direct writing of 3D conjugated polymer micro/nanostructures for organic electronics and bioelectronics." Polymer Chemistry 11, no. 28 (2020): 4530–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0py00719f.

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3D direct writing and meniscus-guided pen writing methods, which are capable of fabricating 3D micro/nanostructures from soluble π-conjugated polymers (CPs) and CP precursors, and recent advances in these techniques are addressed in this review.

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Tsai, Ming Chang, and Shyh Chour Huang. "Analysis of the Biomechanics of the Fingers in Different Writing Stances." Advanced Materials Research 605-607 (December 2012): 1419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.605-607.1419.

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The objective of this paper is to study the biomechanics of the fingers when using a pen in different writing stances: the Standard Stance , the Ostrich Stance, the Fist Stance, the Pinching Stance, the Thumb-Tucking Stance and the Two-Finger Stance. In the study, a pen, covered with Optical Fiber Grating (OFG), is used to measure the pressure exerted on the fingers.

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Jogems-Kosterman, B. J. M., A. J. M. Loonen, J. J. M. van Hoof, F. G. Zitman, and W. Hulstijn. "Antipsychotics, movement disorders and fine motor performances: new device for the measurement of bradykinesia and tremor." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 10, no. 4 (1998): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924270800036450.

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SummaryThis article reviews the results of an exploratory study on the relationship between the ratings of bradykinesia, obtained by the Schedule for the Assessment of Drug-Induced Movement Disorders (SADIMoD), and the performances on writing and drawing tasks. The pen movements made during these tasks were recorded by means of an electronic digitizing tablet, a special electronic pen and a personal computer. This study was aimed at finding objective parameters for the severity of (antipsychotic-induced) bradykinesia. The results show that the writing tablet device is appropriate at finding mo

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Heenan, Colleen. "V. ‘The Power of the Pen’: Feminists Writing Together." Feminism & Psychology 9, no. 4 (1999): 414–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959353599009004007.

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Goonetilleke, Ravindra S., Errol R. Hoffmann, and Ameersing Luximon. "Effects of pen design on drawing and writing performance." Applied Ergonomics 40, no. 2 (2009): 292–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2008.04.015.

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Fowler, John. "Writing for publication. Part 5: putting pen to paper." Dental Nursing 12, no. 1 (2016): 48–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denn.2016.12.1.48.

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