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Journal articles on the topic 'Pencils in literature'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Bueno, M. I., Madeline Martin, Javier Perez, Alexander Song, and Irina Viviano. "Explicit Block-Structures for Block-Symmetric Fiedler-like pencils." Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra 34 (February 21, 2018): 472–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/1081-3810.3667.

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In the last decade, there has been a continued effort to produce families of strong linearizations of a matrix polynomial $P(\lambda)$, regular and singular, with good properties, such as, being companion forms, allowing the recovery of eigenvectors of a regular $P(\lambda)$ in an easy way, allowing the computation of the minimal indices of a singular $P(\lambda)$ in an easy way, etc. As a consequence of this research, families such as the family of Fiedler pencils, the family of generalized Fiedler pencils (GFP), the family of Fiedler pencils with repetition, and the family of generalized Fiedler pencils with repetition (GFPR) were constructed. In particular, one of the goals was to find in these families structured linearizations of structured matrix polynomials. For example, if a matrix polynomial $P(\lambda)$ is symmetric (Hermitian), it is convenient to use linearizations of $P(\lambda)$ that are also symmetric (Hermitian). Both the family of GFP and the family of GFPR contain block-symmetric linearizations of $P(\lambda)$, which are symmetric (Hermitian) when $P(\lambda)$ is. Now the objective is to determine which of those structured linearizations have the best numerical properties. The main obstacle for this study is the fact that these pencils are defined implicitly as products of so-called elementary matrices. Recent papers in the literature had as a goal to provide an explicit block-structure for the pencils belonging to the family of Fiedler pencils and any of its further generalizations to solve this problem. In particular, it was shown that all GFP and GFPR, after permuting some block-rows and block-columns, belong to the family of extended block Kronecker pencils, which are defined explicitly in terms of their block-structure. Unfortunately, those permutations that transform a GFP or a GFPR into an extended block Kronecker pencil do not preserve the block-symmetric structure. Thus, in this paper, the family of block-minimal bases pencils, which is closely related to the family of extended block Kronecker pencils, and whose pencils are also defined in terms of their block-structure, is considered as a source of canonical forms for block-symmetric pencils. More precisely, four families of block-symmetric pencils which, under some generic nonsingularity conditions are block minimal bases pencils and strong linearizations of a matrix polynomial, are presented. It is shown that the block-symmetric GFP and GFPR, after some row and column permutations, belong to the union of these four families. Furthermore, it is shown that, when $P(\lambda)$ is a complex matrix polynomial, any block-symmetric GFP and GFPR is permutationally congruent to a pencil in some of these four families. Hence, these four families of pencils provide an alternative but explicit approach to the block-symmetric Fiedler-like pencils existing in the literature.
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2

Das, Biswajit, and Shreemayee Bora. "Vector Spaces of Generalized Linearizations for Rectangular Matrix Polynomials." Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra 35 (February 1, 2019): 116–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/1081-3810.3845.

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The complete eigenvalue problem associated with a rectangular matrix polynomial is typically solved via the technique of linearization. This work introduces the concept of generalized linearizations of rectangular matrix polynomials. For a given rectangular matrix polynomial, it also proposes vector spaces of rectangular matrix pencils with the property that almost every pencil is a generalized linearization of the matrix polynomial which can then be used to solve the complete eigenvalue problem associated with the polynomial. The properties of these vector spaces are similar to those introduced in the literature for square matrix polynomials and in fact coincide with them when the matrix polynomial is square. Further, almost every pencil in these spaces can be `trimmed' to form many smaller pencils that are strong linearizations of the matrix polynomial which readily yield solutions of the complete eigenvalue problem for the polynomial. These linearizations are easier to construct and are often smaller than the Fiedler linearizations introduced in the literature for rectangular matrix polynomials. Additionally, a global backward error analysis applied to these linearizations shows that they provide a wide choice of linearizations with respect to which the complete polynomial eigenvalue problem can be solved in a globally backward stable manner.
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3

Fisher, Sarah B., Matthew S. Clifton, and Amina M. Bhatia. "Pencils and Pens: An Under-Recognized Source of Penetrating Injuries in Children." American Surgeon 77, no. 8 (August 2011): 1076–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481107700831.

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Unlike other sharp objects, pens and pencils are readily available to children both at home and school. Although case reports are published, no series of pen or pencil injuries have been reported in the recent literature. We therefore reviewed the incidence and injury profiles of writing instruments as compared with other sources of penetrating trauma. The trauma registry from a large urban pediatric hospital system was queried for nonmissile, nonbite penetrating injuries from 2005 through 2009. Retrospective data was collected on demographics, injuries, operations, admissions, and mortalities. Additionally, data regarding pen and pencil injuries from 2009 to 2010 were collected prospectively, and one case from 2003 was included retrospectively. Fourteen injuries from writing instruments were seen and involved the head and neck (9), chest (1), bladder/perineum (2), and extremities (2). Eleven children were admitted and eight required surgical intervention. One child died from a transhemispheric brain injury after intraorbital penetration by a pencil. Penetrating trauma from writing instruments is not an uncommon source of injury and often requires surgical intervention to remove the object. Injuries from pens and pencils can be severe or even fatal. Appropriate parent and teacher education regarding the potential risks may help to prevent such injuries.
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4

Khellaf, A., H. Guebbai, S. Lemita, and Z. Aissaoui. "The pseudo-spectrum of operator pencils." Asian-European Journal of Mathematics 13, no. 05 (April 1, 2019): 2050100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793557120501004.

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In this paper, we propose a new definition of the pseudo-spectrum for operator pencils, which is associated with two bounded operators [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] defined in a Hilbert space. Unlike other definitions available in the literature, we prove, under specific conditions on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], that the pseudo-spectrum for operator pencils is equal to an [Formula: see text]-neighborhood of the generalized spectrum. Moreover, we demonstrate how to use this concept to redefine the pseudo-spectrum of an unbounded operator. We illustrate its usefulness through a numerical example dealing with the Schrödinger operator.
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5

Bronson-Bartlett, Blake. "Writing with Pencils in the Antebellum United States: Language, Instrument, Gesture." American Literature 92, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 199–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00029831-8267708.

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Abstract This essay argues that the pencil, which became increasingly available in the United States during the antebellum decades, allowed writers to break from scriptural conventions and explore alternative selves because it afforded them the ability to write quickly, continuously, and on the move. Through readings of the manuscripts of John Washington, Margaret Fuller, and Walt Whitman, this article demonstrates how the pencil facilitated such exploration by configuring language, instrument, and corporeal gesture in ways that suited the modernizing nation. The essay draws its method from a theoretical model known in Germany as the Schreibszene (writing scene), which demonstrates how archival scholars can explore the specific affordances of writing media and the scriptural experiments that may emerge from their use.
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6

Roka, Yam Bahadur, and Narayani Roka Bhattarai. "Self-Inflicted Orbito-Cranial Injury Secondary to Gunshot: Case Report." Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 13, no. 3 (October 19, 2017): 363–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v13i3.17080.

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The eye may be injured by various penetrating and non-penetrating injuries like sticks, pencils, rods, gunshot and chopsticks. Self-inflicted gunshot injuries have been rarely reported in literature. This case is interesting in multiple aspects which include poverty, lack of education and the failure of government to ensure control of the use of firearms in Nepal. We report a case of self-inflicted gun injury which was managed successfully.
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7

Schaefer, Juliette Berning. "Blue Pencils & Hidden Hands: Women Editing Periodicals, 1830-1910 (review)." Victorian Periodicals Review 39, no. 1 (2006): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/vpr.2006.0032.

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8

Rouzi, Kana Safrina, Nikmah Afifah, Ciptro Hendrianto, and Desmita Desmita. "Establishing an Islamic Learning Habituation Through the Prophets’ Parenting Styles in the New Normal Era." International Journal of Islamic Educational Psychology 1, no. 2 (December 19, 2020): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/ijiep.v1i2.9638.

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The COVID-19 pandemic, which has plagued since the beginning of this year, has shifted life habits, including study habits. They have changed from using hard file-based media (books, paper, pens, and pencils) to soft file media (network-based media) because students must learn from home. The purpose of this paper is to describe the concept of learning habits integrated with Islamic Learning Habituation through the implementation of the Al-Qur'an verses, containing the Prophet's parenting style by presenting a sense of muraqabah (the supervision of Allah SWT). This research method used text study. The research's nature was descriptive analysis research with idealistic patterns in reducing the Al-Qur'an verses and other literature to find solutions to research problems. The literature search results found that muraqabah's feelings in children would result in Islamic learning habits, namely learning practices that prioritized honesty, trust, and responsibility when studying online without parents' company.
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9

Unger, Benjamin. "Discontinuity Propagation in Delay Differential-Algebraic Equations." Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra 34 (February 21, 2018): 582–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/1081-3810.3759.

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The propagation of primary discontinuities in initial value problems for linear delay differential-algebraic equations (DDAEs) is discussed. Based on the (quasi-) Weierstra{\ss} form for regular matrix pencils, a complete characterization of the different propagation types is given and algebraic criteria in terms of the matrices are developed. The analysis, which is based on the method of steps, takes into account all possible inhomogeneities and history functions and thus serves as a worst-case scenario. Moreover, it reveals possible hidden delays in the DDAE and allows to study exponential stability of the DDAE based on the spectral abscissa. The new classification for DDAEs is compared to existing approaches in the literature and the impact of splicing conditions on the classification is studied.
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10

Martin, Karli M., Rene Hernandez Cardenache, and Isaac Tourgeman. "A-29 Lack of Performance Differences on the RCFT between Administration Methods in Adults with ADHD." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 36, no. 6 (August 30, 2021): 1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab062.47.

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Abstract Objective The Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT) has the potential to assess executive function deficits commonly associated with ADHD. While commonly scored using the visuospatial criterion established in the Qualitative Scoring System (QSS), alternative methods have incorporated administration using colored pencils to evaluate planning and organization. Existing literature has discouraged administration using the colored pencil approach given suggestion that distractibility will impair performance. The current study challenged the assumption that individuals with distractibility should not be exposed to color administration. Methods Data was extracted from files of ADHD individuals previously assessed at a southern Florida hospital. A total of 25 participants (11 females and 14 males) were included in the analysis. Methods of analysis included independent t-tests and ANOVA to explore moderating factors of age, sex, race and diagnostic presentation. Results This study found that performance across the various parts of the test were not significantly different based on administration method (t = −1.021, p = 0.318, 95% CI: −4.3755, 1.4845). Interestingly, an ANOVA revealed no significant differences between the broad demographic groups in their performance. Independent t-test did not indicate that the RCFT performance could differentiate between types of ADHD (t = 0.118, p = 0.907, 95% CI: −2.8420, 3.1862). Conclusion In contrast to the RCFT manual, the results of the data analysis revealed no significant differences between administration methods in a highly inattentive population group. This study provides the basis for the introduction of studying the RCFT as a diagnostic tool for re-assessing ADHD throughout adulthood.
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11

Cohn, Elisha. "Virtual Minds, Victorian Novels, and the Question of Modeling." Victorian Literature and Culture 48, no. 2 (2020): 471–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150319000652.

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Snagsby's paper shop in Bleak House (1853) deals in “all sorts of blank forms of legal process; in skins and rolls of parchment; in paper—foolscap, brief, draft, brown, white, whitey-brown, and blotting; in stamps; in office-quills, pens, India-rubber, pounce, pins, pencils, sealing-wax, and wafers; in red tape, and green ferret; in pocket-books, almanacks, diaries, and law lists; in string boxes, rulers, inkstands—glass and leaden, penknives, scissors, bodkins, and other small office cutlery; in short, in articles too numerous to mention.” While one might imagine this stifling bookish environment as especially inviting for an object-oriented reading, this passage has recently attracted what I might call a newly inflected kind of subject-oriented reading. This description from Bleak House makes an appearance in two recent critical monographs concerned with how the reader's cognitive capabilities meet words on the page to transform them into a felt reality. How does a passage like this act on our minds, creating mental images or offering a sense of embeddedness in an unreal “reality”? How does fiction become phenomenological?
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12

Arthur, Chris. "Pencil Marks." Wasafiri 25, no. 2 (June 2010): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690051003651886.

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13

March, Kathleen, Manuel Rivas, and Jonathan Dunne. "The Carpenter's Pencil." World Literature Today 76, no. 1 (2002): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40157232.

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14

Spaide, Christopher. "I’m a Pencil Cat." Cambridge Quarterly 48, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/camqtly/bfy022.

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15

DUFFY, JOHN. "Never Hold a Pencil." Written Communication 17, no. 2 (April 2000): 224–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741088300017002003.

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16

Silberschlag, Eisig, Berl Botwinik, and Philip J. Klukoff. "Lead Pencil: Stories and Sketches." World Literature Today 59, no. 1 (1985): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40140700.

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17

LATTA, JOHN. "With a Pencil Eraser." Critical Quarterly 52, no. 3 (October 2010): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8705.2010.01955_2.x.

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18

Kadir, Djelal. "Of Pencil Points and Petty Tyrants." World Literature Today 70, no. 4 (1996): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40152295.

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19

Arias de Sanchez, Gabriela. "Young Children Representing Numbers: What Does the Literature Say?" Journal of Childhood Studies 39, no. 3 (December 9, 2015): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/jcs.v39i3.15232.

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Children are exposed to written numerals from a very young age, and the practice of using written numerals is encouraged in early childhood educational settings. Further, many mathematical assessments are based on young children’s understanding of conventional numerals. Supported by socio-constructivist ideas, this review summarizes a body of research in the areas of symbolic and numeric development in young children, providing a synthesis for early childhood educators and teachers. This work is an invitation to reflect on both the pedagogical principles that underline “pencil-pushing practices” and the conceptual frameworks that support current early childhood mathematics education.
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20

Arvas, Melih Besir, Ozge Gorduk, Metin Gencten, and Yucel Sahin. "Preparation of a novel electrochemical sensor for phosphate detection based on a molybdenum blue modified poly(vinyl chloride) coated pencil graphite electrode." Analytical Methods 11, no. 30 (2019): 3874–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ay01275c.

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21

Gandhi, Ashok, Achal Sharma, Jitender Shekawath, Ronyl Kaushal, and Radhey Mittal. "Delayed presentation of a thorn prick as an intramedullary abscess." Indian Journal of Neurosurgery 01, no. 01 (January 2012): 075–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2277-9167.94376.

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Abstract Penetrating injury to the spine is the third most common cause of spinal injury. Injuries due to bullet, glass, nails and pencil injuries are well documented in literature. We report a rare case of delayed onset intramedullary abscess following thorn prick and have reviewed the literature for similar forms of injuries.
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22

Battal, Ali, Gülgün Afacan Adanır, and Yasemin Gülbahar. "Computer Science Unplugged: A Systematic Literature Review." Journal of Educational Technology Systems 50, no. 1 (June 7, 2021): 24–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00472395211018801.

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The computer science (CS) unplugged approach intends to teach CS concepts and computational thinking skills without employing any digital tools. The current study conducted a systematic literature review to analyze research studies that conducted investigations related to implementations of CS unplugged activities. A systematic review procedure was developed and applied to detect and subsequently review relevant research studies published from 2010 to 2019. It was found that 55 research studies (17 articles + 38 conference proceedings) satisfied the inclusion criteria for the analysis. These research studies were then examined with regard to their demographic characteristics, research methodologies, research results, and main findings. It was found that the unplugged approach was realized and utilized differently among researchers. The majority of the studies used the CS unplugged term when referring to “paper–pencil activities,” “problem solving,” “storytelling,” “games,” “tangible programming,” and even “robotics.”
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23

Meehan, Sean Ross. "Pencil of Nature: Thoreau's Photographic Register." Criticism 48, no. 1 (2007): 7–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/crt.2007.0019.

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24

Monroe, Eula Ewing, Michelle P. Orme, and Lynnette B. Erickson. "Links to Literature: Working Cotton: Toward an Understanding of Time." Teaching Children Mathematics 8, no. 8 (April 2002): 475–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/tcm.8.8.0475.

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For years, teachers have observed students' frustration as they grappled with learning to read an analog clock (see, e.g., Kelly and Burke [1998]). We ourselves have felt frustrated, not fully understanding why learning to tell time is difficult for students or how to help. Unfortunately, much of our past instruction has been based on an incomplete understanding of the idea that “two aspects of time have to be distinguished in teaching: firstly, one must try to develop a concept of time in a child; and secondly, one must teach the child to ‘tell the time' (teaching clock time)” (Grauberg 1998, p. 50). Moreover, the tools commonly used for time instruction, including manipulative clock faces and paper-and-pencil activities, may not be sufficient for developing children's understanding. These tools usually focus on telling time, not on developing concepts of time.
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25

Giromini, Luciano, Claudia Pignolo, Gerald Young, Eric Y. Drogin, Alessandro Zennaro, and Donald J. Viglione. "Comparability and Validity of the Online and In-Person Administrations of the Inventory of Problems-29." Psychological Injury and Law 14, no. 2 (April 5, 2021): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12207-021-09406-0.

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AbstractWhile the psychometric equivalence of computerized versus paper-and-pencil administration formats has been documented for some tests, so far very few studies have focused on the comparability and validity of test scores obtained via in-person versus remote administrations, and none of them have researched a symptom validity test (SVT). To contribute to fill this gap in the literature, we investigated the scores of the Inventory of Problems-29 (IOP-29) generated by various administration formats. More specifically, Study 1 evaluated the equivalence of scores from nonclinical individuals administered the IOP-29 remotely (n = 146) versus in-person via computer (n = 140) versus in-person via paper-and-pencil format (n = 140). Study 2 reviewed published IOP-29 studies conducted using remote/online versus in-person, paper-and-pencil test administrations to determine if remote testing could adversely influence the validity of IOP-29 test results. Taken together, our findings suggest that the effectiveness of the IOP-29 is preserved when alternating between face-to-face and online/remote formats.
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26

Dymoke, Sue. "In praise of the pencil sharpener." English in Education 53, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/04250494.2018.1456774.

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Morse, J. Mitchell. "The Madeleine and the Slate Pencil." Hudson Review 40, no. 1 (1987): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3850907.

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28

Kyrmanov, O. S., and A. V. Lemeshko. "MODERN VIEWS ON TOOTH WHITENING." Ukrainian Dental Almanac, no. 4 (December 23, 2020): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2409-0255.4.2020.03.

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Resume. In the modern world, the appearance of teeth is of great importance. Beautiful white teeth are not only a sign of good health, but also an element of culture and well-being. Definition, the individual natural color of the teeth is mainly determined by dentin, however, the color, transparency, thickness and degree of mineralization of the enamel affect the color of dentin. Any changes in dentin and enamel during the formation, development and after teething can cause changes in light guide properties, and accordingly, changes in color. Purpose. Analysis of the sources of scientific and medical information about the features of tooth whitening by various methods and their effectiveness with the presentation of their own clinical examples. Methods. An analytical review of the literature on various methods of teeth whitening and indications and contraindications to these methods. Results. There are different options for coloring teeth and they call as external and internal. A separate category of discolors is such as internalized staining, when external chromogens penetrate into the hard tissues of the tooth. Treatment of diseases and conditions accompanied by discoloration of the teeth is complex and may include therapeutic (occupational hygiene, whitening, restoration) and orthopedic measures. Teeth whitening is a chemical oxidation process in which the color of enamel and dentin changes from dark to light. Modern bleaching systems are based on the use of preparations of hydrogen peroxide or urea peroxide in combination with activating factors. Currently, the following main types of whitening systems are widely used in dental practice: for professional use in the clinic, for home use under the supervision of a doctor, for home use without a doctor's supervision, for example, whitening toothpastes, strips, pencils and standardized caps with gel inside. The work presents various options for teeth whitening from home to clinical and professional. Indications and contraindications to the teeth whitening procedure and its protocol are given. The analysis of the results of modern scientific research in dentistry shows that now it is possible to consider that professional whitening is effective. That is why the use of high-intensity blue diode light (LED) is quite promising, especially when eliminating deep tooth pigmentation. One of the most popular brands in the world of whitening is Philips Zoom system. The Philips Zoom WhiteSpeed lamp is a fundamentally new technology in which the manufacturer has used LEDs as a light source, which has made the teeth whitening process more comfortable and safe for the patient. Conclusion. To date, researchers and manufacturers have created various well-functioning, safe and comfortable systems for whitening teeth. It is important to find various aspects of tooth whitening and possible hazards. Understanding the operation of various systems and awareness of their advantages and disadvantages will allow you to choose the most optimal system. A professional approach to teeth whitening guarantee success.
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Chlebowska, Edyta. "From the Kraków collection: two pencil sketches by Norwid." Studia Norwidiana 38, English Version (2020): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/sn.2020.38-9en.

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The article presents two drawings: Odpoczynek podczas ucieczki do Egiptu and Starzec z laską i dwie siedzące postaci, which shall be included in the register of Cyprian Norwid’s artistic heritage, discussing their origin and themes, and attempting to place the sketches in the context of Norwid’s early work contained in his sketchbooks and Album berliński.
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30

Weigold, Arne, Ingrid K. Weigold, and Sara N. Natera. "Response Rates for Surveys Completed With Paper-and-Pencil and Computers: Using Meta-Analysis to Assess Equivalence." Social Science Computer Review 37, no. 5 (June 22, 2018): 649–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894439318783435.

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The increasing number of self-report surveys being collected using computers has led to a body of literature examining the response rates for computerized surveys compared with the more traditional paper-and-pencil method. However, results from individual studies have been inconsistent, and the meta-analyses available on this topic have included studies from a restricted range of years and did not use proper statistical procedures for examining comparability. Consequently, we conducted a meta-analysis with 96 independent effect sizes spanning over two decades of studies; we also assessed potential moderators. Comparability was determined using confidence interval equivalence testing procedures. The meta-analysis indicated nonequivalence, with those in the paper-and-pencil condition being almost twice as likely to return surveys as those in the computer condition. There was large heterogeneity of variance, and 11 of the 18 potential moderators were significant. Two meta-regressions yielded only two significant unique moderators: population and type of measure. Results highlighted issues within the response rate literature that can be addressed in future studies, as well as provided an example of using equivalence testing in meta-analyses.
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31

Bankmann, Daniel, and Matthias Voigt. "On linear-quadratic optimal control of implicit difference equations." IMA Journal of Mathematical Control and Information 36, no. 3 (February 28, 2018): 779–833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imamci/dny007.

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Abstract In this work we investigate explicit and implicit difference equations and the corresponding infinite time horizon linear-quadratic optimal control problem. We derive conditions for feasibility of the optimal control problem as well as existence and uniqueness of optimal controls under certain weaker assumptions compared to the standard approaches in the literature which are using algebraic Riccati equations. To this end, we introduce and analyse a discrete-time Lur’e equation and a corresponding Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov (KYP) inequality. We show that solvability of the KYP inequality can be characterized via the spectral structure of a certain palindromic matrix pencil. The deflating subspaces of this pencil are finally used to construct solutions of the Lur’e equation. The results of this work are transferred from the continuous-time case. However, many additional technical difficulties arise in this context.
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Alejandre, Suzanne, and Varnelle Moore. "Technology as a Tool in the Primary Classroom." Teaching Children Mathematics 10, no. 1 (September 2003): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/tcm.10.1.0016.

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Spotting a computer in a classroom, a student will want to use it. How do we take advantage of that enthusiasm and find effective ways to use the computer as a tool for mathematical learning? One idea that a Philadelphia kindergarten teacher is developing includes the presentation of mathematical concepts by using a variety of activities, including manipulatives, technology, literature, and paper-and-pencil tasks.
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Brigham, Linda. "Beautiful Conceptions and Tourist Kitsch: Wordsworth's "Written with a Slate Pencil..."." Studies in Romanticism 40, no. 2 (2001): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25601501.

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34

Nikolaus, Cassandra J., Brenna Ellison, and Sharon M. Nickols-Richardson. "Food Insecurity among College Students Differs by Questionnaire Modality: An Exploratory Study." American Journal of Health Behavior 44, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5993/ajhb.44.1.9.

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Objectives: Literature suggests that college (ie, post-secondary) students experience food insecurity (FI) at alarming rates. However, the commonly used FI questionnaires have undergone limited evaluations for accuracy in this sub-population. The objective of this exploratory study was to evaluate if FI estimates among college students differ by survey distribution modality. Methods: A test-retest study was conducted from October to December 2017. A random sample of undergraduate students (N = 343) participated in an online survey. After completing the survey, a random sample of these students (N = 66; 29%) completed the same items in paper-and-pencil format. Responses were compared with percent agreement and kappa (κ) coefficients. Results: Students were less likely to affirm each item on paper-and-pencil questionnaires. Percent agreement ranged from 71.2% to 96.9% across items, and κ coefficients ranged from poor to fair. FI prevalence differed by 15% between online and paper-and-pencil assessments (40.9% and 25.8%, respectively). Percent agreement for FI categorization was 75.8% and κ=0.47. Conclusions: Differing survey modalities resulted in varying FI classifications in a sample of under-graduate students. Though limited by size and representativeness, this supports the need for further testing of FI surveys, as accurate FI estimates are essential to serving college students.
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35

Plewik, Szymon, and Marta Walczyńska. "The Monoid Consisting of Kuratowski Operations." Journal of Mathematics 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/289854.

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The paper fills gaps in knowledge about Kuratowski operations which are already in the literature. The Cayley table for these operations has been drawn up. Techniques, using only paper and pencil, to point out all semigroups and its isomorphism types are applied. Some results apply only to topology, and one cannot bring them out, using only properties of the complement and a closure-like operation. The arguments are by systematic study of possibilities.
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Jacobus, Mary. "‘Tea daddy’: Poor Mrs Klein and the pencil shavings." Women: A Cultural Review 1, no. 2 (November 1990): 160–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09574049008578036.

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37

Zhao, Xu, Yuhong Qi, Zhanping Zhang, and Kejiao Li. "The Influence of Glass Flake and Micaceous Iron Oxide on Electrochemical Corrosion Performance of Waterborne Silicate Coatings in 3.5% NaCl Solution." Coatings 9, no. 12 (December 6, 2019): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9120833.

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Waterborne silicate composite coatings were prepared to replace existing solvent-based coatings for ships. A series of complex coatings were prepared by adding anticorrosive pigments to the silicate resin. Adhesion, pencil hardness, and impact resistance were investigated, and corrosion performance in 3.5% NaCl solution was measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that adhesion and impact resistance are high, and that pencil hardness can reach 4H. The curing mechanism for the coatings were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanism of curing reaction in the studied waterborne silicate paint was found to be different from that reported in the literature. When the coatings were immersed in 3.5% NaCl solution for 8 h, there is only one time constant in the Bode plot, and coating capacitance (Qc) gradually increases while coating resistance (Rc) gradually decreases. Glass flake composite coatings have better corrosion resistance by comprehensive comparison of Qc and Rc.
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Brembilla, Carlo, Luigi Andrea Lanterna, Paolo Gritti, Emanuele Costi, Gianluigi Dorelli, Elena Moretti, and Claudio Bernucci. "Disabling Orthostatic Headache after Penetrating Stonemason Pencil Injury to the Sacral Region." Case Reports in Emergency Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/623405.

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Penetrating injuries to the spine, although less common than motor vehicle accidents and falls, are important causes of injury to the spinal cord. They are essentially of two varieties: gunshot or stab wounds. Gunshot injuries to the spine are more commonly described. Stab wounds are usually inflicted by knife or other sharp objects. Rarer objects causing incidental spinal injuries include glass fragments, wood pieces, chopsticks, nailguns, and injection needles. Just few cases of penetrating vertebral injuries caused by pencil are described. The current case concerns a 42-year-old man with an accidental penetrating stonemason pencil injury into the vertebral canal without neurological deficit. After the self-removal of the foreign object the patient complained of a disabling orthostatic headache. The early identification and treatment of the intracranial hypotension due to the posttraumatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sacral fistulae were mandatory to avoid further neurological complications. In the current literature acute pattern of intracranial hypotension immediately after a penetrating injury of the vertebral column has never been reported.
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VAN BON, W. H. J., and J. F. J. VAN LEEUWE. "Assessing phonemic awareness in kindergarten: The case for the phoneme recognition task." Applied Psycholinguistics 24, no. 2 (June 2003): 195–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716403000109.

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The validity of phoneme recognition as an indicator of phonemic awareness at kindergarten age is investigated. Six paper and pencil phonemic awareness (PA) tests, phoneme recognition among them, are administered groupwise to Dutch children a few months before the beginning of formal literacy education. Additional phonological tests and an early reading test are administered individually. Ten months later, children are tested again with PA and literacy tests. Structural equation modeling shows the relations among tests to correspond broadly with findings reported in the literature. The PA test scores are determined by one common factor, and the early PA factor influences later literacy through its influence on later PA skill. Phoneme segmentation has the highest loading on the PA factor, but phoneme recognition is its best paper and pencil representative. Unlike phoneme segmentation, phoneme recognition competence can develop in the absence of literacy skills. Phoneme recognition equals phoneme segmentation in sensitivity and specificity when predicting later literacy failure.
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Costa, Raquel Quimas Molina da, José Eduardo Pompeu, Larissa Alamino Pereira de Viveiro, and Sonia Maria Dozzi Brucki. "Spatial orientation tasks show moderate to high accuracy for the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment: a systematic literature review." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 78, no. 11 (November 2020): 713–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20200043.

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Abstract Spatial disorientation has been observed in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and is associated with a higher risk of progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there is no gold standard assessment for spatial orientation and paper-and-pencil tests lack ecological validity. Recently, there has been an increasing number of studies demonstrating the role of spatial disorientation as a cognitive marker of pathological decline, shedding new light on its importance for MCI. This systematic review aimed to investigate the accuracy of spatial orientation tasks for the diagnosis of MCI by comparison with cognitively healthy elderly. The search was conducted in the databases Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Only original studies reporting spatial orientation assessment in MCI patients compared to a healthy control group were included. Studies were excluded if the MCI classification did not follow well described criteria and/or if accuracy results of spatial orientation assessment were not provided. Seven studies met the eligibility criteria, describing a variety of spatial orientation assessments including questionnaires, paper-and-pencil, office-based route learning, and computer-based and virtual reality tasks. Spatial orientation tasks demonstrated moderate to high accuracy in detecting elderly with MCI compared to cognitively healthy elderly, with areas under the curve (AUC) ranging from 0.77 to 0.99. However, important methodological issues were found in the selected studies which should be considered when interpreting results. Although the inclusion of spatial orientation assessments in MCI evaluations seems to have significant value, further studies are needed to clarify their true capacity to distinguish pathological from non-pathological aging.
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Rodriguez, Ernesto. "On the Optimal Design of Doppler Scatterometers." Remote Sensing 10, no. 11 (November 8, 2018): 1765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10111765.

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Pencil-beam Doppler scatterometers are a promising remote sensing tool for measuring ocean vector winds and currents from space. While several point designs exist in the literature, these designs have been constrained by the hardware they inherited, and the design is sub-optimal. Here, guidelines to optimize the design of these instruments starting from the basic sensitivity equations are presented. Unlike conventional scatterometers or pencil-beam imagers, appropriate sampling of the Doppler spectrum and optimizing the radial velocity error lead naturally to a design that incorporates a pulse-to-pulse separation and pulse length that vary with scan angle. Including this variation can improve radial velocity performance significantly and the optimal selection of system timing and bandwidth is derived. Following this, optimization of the performance based on frequency, incidence angle, antenna length, and spatial sampling strategy are considered. It is shown that antenna length influences the performance most strongly, while the errors depend only on the square root of the transmit power. Finally, a set of example designs and associated performance are presented.
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42

SCHROEDER, HORST. "AN UNACKNOWLEDGED QUOTATION IN ‘PEN, PENCIL AND POISON’." Notes and Queries 43, no. 1 (March 1, 1996): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/43-1-51.

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43

SCHROEDER, HORST. "AN UNACKNOWLEDGED QUOTATION IN ‘PEN, PENCIL AND POISON’." Notes and Queries 43, no. 1 (1996): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/43.1.51.

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44

Trisnawati, Ika Kana. "Validity in Computer-Based Testing: a Literature Review of Comparability Issues and Examinee Perspectives." Englisia Journal 2, no. 2 (May 1, 2015): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/ej.v2i2.345.

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These past years have seen the growing popularity of the Computer-Based Tests (CBTs) in various disciplines, for various purposes, although the Paper-and Pencil Based Tests (P&Ps) are still in use. However, many question on whether the use of CBTs outperform the effectiveness of the P&Ps or if the CBTs can become a valid measuring tool compared to the PBTs. This paper tries to present the comparison on both the CBTs and the P&Ps and their respective examinee perspectives in order to figure out if doubts should arise to the emergence of the CBTs over the classic P&Ps. Findings showed that the CBTs are advantageous in that they are both efficient (reducing testing time) and effective (maintaining the test reliability) over the P&P versions. Nevertheless, the CBTs still need to have their variables well-designed (e.g., study design, computer algorithm) in order for the scores to be comparable to those in the P&P tests since the score equivalence is one of the validity evidences needed in a CBT.
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45

Hyer, Daniel E., Laura C. Bennett, Theodore J. Geoghegan, Martin Bues, and Blake R. Smith. "Innovations and the Use of Collimators in the Delivery of Pencil Beam Scanning Proton Therapy." International Journal of Particle Therapy 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.14338/ijpt-20-00039.1.

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Abstract Purpose The development of collimating technologies has become a recent focus in pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy to improve the target conformity and healthy tissue sparing through field-specific or energy-layer–specific collimation. Given the growing popularity of collimators for low-energy treatments, the purpose of this work was to summarize the recent literature that has focused on the efficacy of collimators for PBS and highlight the development of clinical and preclinical collimators. Materials and Methods The collimators presented in this work were organized into 3 categories: per-field apertures, multileaf collimators (MLCs), and sliding-bar collimators. For each case, the system design and planning methodologies are summarized and intercompared from their existing literature. Energy-specific collimation is still a new paradigm in PBS and the 2 specific collimators tailored toward PBS are presented including the dynamic collimation system (DCS) and the Mevion Adaptive Aperture. Results Collimation during PBS can improve the target conformity and associated healthy tissue and critical structure avoidance. Between energy-specific collimators and static apertures, static apertures have the poorest dose conformity owing to collimating only the largest projection of a target in the beam's eye view but still provide an improvement over uncollimated treatments. While an external collimator increases secondary neutron production, the benefit of collimating the primary beam appears to outweigh the risk. The greatest benefit has been observed for low- energy treatment sites. Conclusion The consensus from current literature supports the use of external collimators in PBS under certain conditions, namely low-energy treatments or where the nominal spot size is large. While many recent studies paint a supportive picture, it is also important to understand the limitations of collimation in PBS that are specific to each collimator type. The emergence and paradigm of energy-specific collimation holds many promises for PBS proton therapy.
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46

Allen, Valerie. "The pencil, the pin, the table, the bowl and the wheel." postmedieval: a journal of medieval cultural studies 1, no. 1-2 (March 2010): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/pmed.2010.1.

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47

Udoh, DavidOkon, Vivian Osaguona, and EmmanuelC Obeta. "Penetrating orbitocranial injury in a child secondary to fall on a pencil: Operative technique and review of literature." Archives of International Surgery 7, no. 3 (2017): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ais.ais_25_16.

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48

Donmez Kesen, Nazmiye, Aydin Cakir, Murat Okutan, and Hatice Bilge. "Research of Dosimetry Parameters in Small Electron Beams." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/585219.

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In this study, dose distributions and outputs of circular fields with dimensions of 5 cm and smaller, for 6 and 9 MeV nominal energies from the Siemens ONCOR Linac, were measured and compared with data from a treatment planning system using the pencil beam algorithm in electron beam calculations. All dose distribution measurements were performed using the GafChromic EBT film; these measurements were compared with data that were obtained from the Computerized Medical Systems (CMS) XiO treatment planning system (TPS). Output measurements were performed using GafChromic EBT film, an Advanced Markus ion chamber, and thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD). Although it is used in many clinics, there is not a substantial amount of detailed information in the literature about use of the pencil beam algorithm to model electron beams. Output factors were consistent; differences from the values obtained from the TPS were at maximum. When the dose distributions from the TPS were compared with the measurements from the ion chamber and GafChromic EBT films, it was observed that the results were consistent with 2 cm diameter fields and larger, but the outputs for 1 cm diameter fields and smaller were not consistent.
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Métioui, Abdeljalil. "Conceptions about Electrical Circuits of English and French Pupils from Nova Scotia in Canada." International Education and Learning Review 2, no. 1 (February 4, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37467/gka-edurev.v2.2229.

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The present research was intended to identify the conceptual of 84 students from the region of Clare in French-language public schools and 54 from the Argyle region in French immersion public schools in Canada on the operation of simple electrical circuits. To this end, they completed a pencil-and-paper questionnaire of sixty minutes duration. The analyses of the data show clearly the preponderance of erroneous conceptions about the current and voltage concepts like those identified in the international review of the literature. Thus, despite the cultural and language differences, their conceptual understandings related to the simple electrical circuit are similar.
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AKIMOV, SERGEY. "GRAPHIC WORKS OF SVETLANA RYAZANOVA IN THE CONTEXT OF CONTEMPORARY ART IN NIZHNY NOVGOROD REGION." Культурный код, no. 2021-1 (2021): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36945/2658-3852-2021-1-33-46.

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Svetlana Ryazanova (born in 1969) is an artisan, art historian and teacher in Nizhny Novgorod Art College. She is the author of drawings on historical and literature subjects and landscapes in techniques of sepia, graphite pencil, and watercolor. She published some articles about Michail Vrubel's drawings and scientific works about categories of time and space as fundamental components of visual images. It is a real contribution to the studies in art theory. In this essay, Ryazanova's graphic works are analyzed in the context of artistic life of Nizhny Novgorod region and in connection with academic traditions in modern art.
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