Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Penes'
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Gómez, Martín Francesc Josep. "El "Tractat de les penes particulars d'infern" de Joan Pasqual: estudi i edició crítica." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/135057.
Full textThe Tractat de les penes particulars d’infern, by Joan Pasqual, a Master of Theology and Franciscan from Castelló d’Empúries, is part of a work of theological diffusion divided in two volumes: the Llibre de beatitud, dedicated in 1436 to Joan Llull, chief counselor of Barcelona, and the Llibre de pena, including this Tractat intended for the theological description of the particular punishments in hell, although its main sources are poetical: Dante’s Inferno, the first draft of the Comentum by Pietro Alighieri and the third draft of De fabulis poetarum (or Ovidius moralizatus) by Pierre Bersuire. The establishment of the critical text consists on an emendatio of the unique manuscript (Biblioteca de Catalunya, 468, fol. 164-207), assisted by these sources. The introductory study contributes some unpublished documentary data which enables to trace a biography of Joan Pasqual and to describe the cultural context that induced him to take Dante as a model
González, de León Berini Arturo. "La concreción del castigo : el ejercicio legítimo del arbitrio judicial en las decisiones individualizadoras, desde un enfoque fenomenológico." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Abat Oliba, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/454745.
Full textLa presente tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo principal acometer un estudio renovador, interdisciplinar y en profundidad sobre una de las cuestiones hoy más paradójicas en la ciencia del Derecho penal: la llamada individualización judicial de la sanción. Ello es así porque, por un lado, la decisión del órgano sentenciador, que concreta el castigo, tiene una gran importancia para la vida del reo –¿acaso es lo mismo uno que cuatro años de prisión, con todas las secuelas que pueden derivarse? Y, de otra parte, sin embargo, no existe un tratamiento doctrinal o jurisprudencial de la materia que sea acorde con el estatuto procesal y material de dicha función, a la que JESCHECK se refiere como el verdadero “cénit” de la actividad forense. La investigación se divide en tres bloques sucesivos, que no en vano corresponden con la estructura interna de mi trabajo. En primer lugar, tras una visión crítica del panorama actual, planteo la necesidad de un cambio de paradigma “instrumental”, y de este modo sugiero una aproximación conceptual y sistemática propia al tema. Luego centro el análisis en sus vertientes iusfilosófica y “adjetiva” (poco desarrolladas hasta el momento): la concreción del castigo es un proceso decisorio del juez a quo, quien ejerce –aquí especialmente– un amplio margen de arbitrio, y por ende debe estar sometido al control ad quem para revisar su licitud. Por último, frente a los diversos intentos de racionalizar tal labor (de carácter teleológico o dogmático), propongo un método alternativo al respecto: la fenomenología jurídica como una “herramienta” para cuantificar la pena, en busca de criterios intersubjetivos que sean aceptables por la “communis opinio”.
The doctoral dissertation mainly aims at undertaking a renewing, interdisciplinary and indepth study about one of the most paradoxical questions in Criminal Law nowadays: the so-called "sentencing phase of trial". Why so? On the one hand, since this judicial decision specifying a due punishment has a significant importance for the convict’s life: or is it the same serving one or four years in prison –taking into consideration all the attached effects to it? However, on the other hand, there is no academic or case-law treatment of the subject-matter that is in real accordance with the procedural and material status of the above-said task, to which JESCHECK refers as the genuine "peak" of judges’ activity. My research is here divided in three successive parts, now corresponding to the internal structure of the work. First of all, after a critical review of the current scenario, I advocate the need for an “instrumental” turnaround, thus suggesting my own (conceptual and systematic) approach to this issue. I later focus the analysis on its philosophical and “adjective” aspects, which have been little addressed until now: concrete sentencing is a decision- making process of the judge a quo, who exercises –specially at this point– a broad margin of discretion; therefore, it must be controlled by an ad quem court making sure of its legality. Finally, before several attempts to “rationalize” it (teleological or dogmatic), I propose another method: legal phenomenology as a “tool” for quantifying a punishment, in search of intersubjective criteria ready to be passable by the "communis opinio”.
Diese Dissertation zielt vor allem darauf ab, eine erneuerte, interdisziplinäre und eingehende Untersuchung über eine der heute paradoxesten Themen des Strafrechtswissenschaft durchzuführen: die so genannte "Strafzumessung". Warum ist das so? Einerseits, als diese gerichtliche Entscheidung, die eine Strafmaß angibt, eine wichtigsten Bedeutung für das Leben des Täters hat –oder vielleicht ist es das gleiche, dass er nur ein oder vier Jahre im Gefängnis ist, wobei alle damit verbundenen Wirkungen berücksichtigt werden? Auf der anderen Seite gibt es jedoch keine akademische oder rechtsprechende Behandlung des Gegenstands, die in Übereinstimmung mit dem prozessualen und materiellen Status der oben genannten Aufgabe steht, auf die sich JESCHECK als den echten "Höhepunkt" der Spruchtätigkeit des Richters bezieht. Meine Forschung ist hier in drei aufeinanderfolgenden Teilen geteilt, die nun der inneren Struktur des Werkes entsprechen. Zunächst einmal, nach einer kritischen Überprüfung des aktuellen Szenarios, befürworte ich die Notwendigkeit eines "instrumentalen" Paradigma Wandel, und damit meinen eigenen (konzeptuellen und systematischen) Ansatz zu dieser Frage. Ich spüre später die Analyse auf ihre philosophischen und prozessualen Aspekte, die bislang wenig angesprochen wurden: konkrete Verurteilung ist ein Entscheidungsprozess des a quo Richters, der –besonders an dieser Stelle– einen breiten Diskussionsspielraum ausübt. Deshalb muss es von einem ad quem Gericht kontrolliert 7 werden, um sicherzustellen, darüber seine Rechtmäßigkeit. Schließlich schlage ich –vor einigen Versuchen, sie (teleologisch oder dogmatisch) zu "rationalisieren"– eine andere Methode vor: die Phänomenologie des Rechts als "Werkzeug" zur Quantifizierung einer Strafe, auf der Suche nach intersubjektiven Kriterien, die für die "communis opinio" annehmbar sind.
Blay, Gil Ester. "La pena de trabajo en beneficio de la comunidad." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5084.
Full textLos materiales empleados para realizar este estudio han sido fundamentalmente bibliografía española y extranjera sobre la materia, especialmente anglosajona; esta elección se debe a las numerosas reflexiones teóricas existentes alrededor del modelo británico de servicios comunitarios, a la constante evaluación a la que ha sido sometido y a su influencia en la expansión del TBC en numerosos ordenamientos europeos occidentales.
Además del estudio de la literatura disponible, se han tratado de tener en cuenta los resultados de los estudios empíricos existentes, y se ha buscado una aproximación a la realidad de la aplicación de la pena, más allá de sus aspectos normativos mediante entrevistas con jueces y con responsables y técnicos de la gestión de la ejecución de la pena en el ámbito catalán; en el ámbito inglés se ha realizado un seguimiento del trabajo de un grupo de penados durante diversas sesiones.
El estudio del TBC se ha abordado en primer lugar desde un punto de vista histórico, intentando rastrear los orígenes del TBC con voluntad clarificar el contenido de la pena y de apuntar al sentido que pueda tener su introducción en los contemporáneos ordenamientos. Se ha desvinculado el TBC de otras formas históricas de utilización del trabajo penal, caracterizadas por su dureza y por un componente de explotación y de humillación del penado ajenos a la sanción objeto de estudio.
Hemos analizado dos elementos esenciales de la pena: la privación de tiempo de ocio como parte fundamental de su contenido, y el papel desempeñado por la comunidad en el desarrollo y la ejecución de las sanciones de trabajos comunitarios. El estudio de estos dos elementos nos ha permitido contextualizar el TBC en un momento determinado del desarrollo de las sociedades occidentales, distinguiéndolo claramente de formas de trabajo forzado.
Finalmente hemos vinculado el TBC al desarrollo de las penas alternativas a la prisión; parece que es esta vinculación la que otorga al TBC su sentido de reducir el recurso a la prisión como sanción penal.
En segundo lugar hemos tratado de abordar los fundamentos de la sanción. Para ello hemos procedido a analizar si es capaz de satisfacer los fines tradicionalmente exigidos a las penas de acuerdo con las investigaciones empíricas disponibles, y el resultado de nuestro análisis ha sido globalmente positivo.
De la prevención general, la prevención especial, la incapacitación y la retribución se derivan exigencias respecto de la regulación y la aplicación del TBC, que hemos tratado de sistematizar. El modelo de TBC resultante nos ha servido como punto de partida para analizar la vigente regulación de la sanción y realizar propuestas interpretativas y de modificación legislativa al respecto.
En tercer lugar, se ha procedido a analizar la regulación del TBC contenida en el CP, fundamentalmente en su artículo 49, así como las funciones que la sanción tiene asignadas en el sistema de penas, procurándose integrar en este análisis normativo el estudio de la mecánica de ejecución de la sanción, regulada en el Real Decreto 515/2005.
Finalmente se han procurado recoger y valorar los datos dispobibles acerca de la aplicación efectiva de esta pena en el ámbito estatal, bajo la competencia de la Dirección General de Instituciones Penitenciarias, y en particular en el ámbito catalán, bajo la competencia de la Subdirecció General de Medi Obert i Mesures Penals Alternatives.
The main aim of this research has been to build a model of community service as punishment in order to analyse and evaluate the introduction of such a sanction in the Spanish sanctioning system, its regulation and the functions granted to it, as well as the degree and areas in which it has been actually applied to.
The data used in order to pursue this research has been fundamentally Spanish and foreign scientific literature, particularly anglosaxon sources; such choice is due to the many theoretical works elaborated arround British community service orders as well as the constant empirical evaluation it has been submitted to, as well as the influence of the British model in the expansion of the sanction in most european systems.
As well as the study of the available literature, we have tried to take into account the result of the available empirical research, and we have tried to approach the reality of the practical implementation of the sanction, beyond its normative aspects, through interviews with judges and with the agents responsible for the implementation of community service in Catalonia; in England, we have followed the work of a group of offenders during several community service sessions.
The study of community service orders has been takled in the first place from a historical point of view, looking for the origins of the sanction with the intent to clarify its content and the sense its introduction in contemporary santioning systems may have. Thus community service has been distinguished from historical uses of penal labour characterized by their harshness and by an element of exploitation and humiliation of offenders completely alien to contemporary community service orders.
Still from a historical point of view two essential elements in this sanction have been analysed: privation of leisure as a fundamental part of its contents, and the role played by the community in the development and implementation of community service orders. The study of these two elements has allowed us to contextualize community service orders in a particular social and cultural context in Western societies, thus clearly distinguishing them from forced labour.
We have finally linked community service orders to the development of alternatives to prison; this link, it seems, grants community service orders its sense as a means of reducing the use of prison as a criminal sanction.
Next the theoretical foundations of the sanction have been analysed. In order to do so we have examined if it is capable of satisfying the ends traditionally demanded from sanctions according to available empirical evidence, and the result of our analysis has been generally positive.
Various consequences for the regulation and implementation of community service orders derive from deterrence, rehabilitation, incapacitation and retribution, and we have tried to somehow organize them. The resulting model of community service orders has been used as a starting point for the analysis of current Spanish regulation of the sanction, putting forward interpretations and legal changes.
In the third place, the analysis of the legal regulation of community service orders contained in the Spanish Criminal Code, particularly in its article 49, has been tackled, as well as the functions the sanction has been granted in the sanctioning system; such a normative analysis has been complemented with the study of the particulars of the implementation process of the penalty, contained in Real Decreto 515/2005.
Finally, the available data on the actual implementation of community service orders in Spain (both under the Dirección General de Instituciones Penitenciarias and the Subdirecció General de Medi Obert i Mesures Penals Alternatives) has been collected and evaluated.
Torres, Rosell Núria. "La pena de treballs en benefici de la comunitat estudi penal i criminològic." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8136.
Full textRíos, Arenaldi Jaime Rodolfo. "Individualización judicial de la pena y doctrinas de la pena." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/131999.
Full textAtendido el plano legal y teórico pertinente y mediante el análisis de sentencias por delitos graves y/o de connotación pública (v. gr., homicidio, violación, robo con violencia) en que es condenado un infractor adulto a pena privativa de libertad, esta Tesis pretende dilucidar, presupuesto que la imposición de sanción por sí importa retribución y prevención general positiva, correspondiendo considerar todos a efecto de fijar el quantum punitivo, cuál(es) fin(es) otro(s) que los antedichos el juez español y chileno tuvo en vista, determinándose la “tendencia” de las judicaturas. En cuatro Capítulos, se tratan, entre otros, las doctrinas absolutas o retribucionistas, relativas o prevencionistas y mixtas o de la unión, o sea, los fines de retribución, prevención general negativa, prevención general positiva, prevención especial negativa y prevención especial positiva de la pena (capítulo I), la Jurisprudencia, los sistemas jurisprudenciales, el precedente judicial, la racionalidad de la decisión judicial (capítulo II), el catálogo penal español para personas naturales, la determinación legal y judicial de la pena, las sanciones aplicables a personas jurídicas y reglas para imponer aquéllas, el catálogo penal chileno para personas naturales, las reglas de determinación legal y judicial de la pena, las sanciones previstas para entes colectivos y regulación establecida para decretar aquéllas (capítulo III), precisándose en definitiva -con fallos que detalladamente se anexan-, planteado por qué toda condena importa retribución y prevención general positiva y cuándo el juez español y chileno dispuso pena privativa de libertad conforme la prevención especial positiva o, en su defecto, prevención especial negativa y, en su caso, prevención general negativa, y conocida la metodología empleada, la “tendencia” resultante en relación a los mentados fines (capítulo IV).
Considering the pertinent legal and theoretical perspectives, according to the sentences for grave crimes and / or of public notoriety (i.e., homicide, rape, and robbery) of condemned imprisoned adult offenders, this thesis aims to elucidate, presuppositions that every sanction imposed means retribution and general positive deterrence and having to estimate every purpose in fixating the quantum punitive, which purpose (s) other (s) than above mentioned the Spanish and Chilean judges had in mind, thus allowing to establish the judiciary " tendency ". Within four chapters, addressed, among others, absolute or retributivists doctrines, relative, based on prevention rationales or mixed, that is to say, the purpose of retribution, general negative deterrence, general positive deterrence, negative special deterrence and positive special deterrence of punishment (chapter I), Jurisprudence, the jurisprudential systems, judicial precedent, and rational of judicial decision making (chapter II), the Spanish penal catalog for natural persons, the legal and judicial determination of punishment, the sanctions applicable to legal entities and norms to be applied, the Chilean penal catalog for natural persons, the legal and judicial determination of punishment, the foreseen sanctions applicable to collective legal entities and norms to be applied (chapter III), finally -resolutions that are annexed in detail- establishing, why every prison sentence matters with retribution and general positive deterrence and when the Spanish and Chilean judge ordered imprisonment considering positive special deterrence or, otherwise, negative special deterrence and, if appropriate, negative general deterrence, and the known methodology utilized, the resulting " tendency " to the mentioned purposes (chapter IV).
Varona, Jiménez Alberto. "Tratamiento procesal y sustantivo de la acumulación jurídica de penas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667254.
Full textThe institution of the accumulation of penalties (“Acumulación jurídica de las penas”), regulated in the art. 76 of the Criminal Code, is configured as a legal limitation to the successive fulfillment of sentences. This legal practice is motivated by the reeducation and social rehabilitation that custodial sentences should comply with, in accordance to the constitutional mandate provided in art. 25.2 of Spanish Constitution. This institution is consubstantial with the fundamental right to personal freedom, prison treatment and the purpose of punishment and, therefore, the importance of this legal institution is obvious. Nevertheless, this institution has hardly been studied, and has not received special research interest apart from some legal professionals, who have focused on other, more substantial and specific aspects. The limited established precedents, which contrasts with the complexity of the subject, has given rise to an endless number of interpretation issues, both at a substantive and procedural level. This is reflected in the disparity of criteria in the resolutions of the Courts. The source of most of these problems lies in the discussion about the nature and foundation of the penalties accumulation. Given the inadequate regulation, the jurisprudence of the Second Chamber of the Supreme Court acquires particular significance under the cassation appeal against the accumulation orders. The two monographic agreements on this subject, adopted by the Non-Jurisdictional Plenary of the Criminal Chamber over the course of the last three years, are a clear demonstration of this importance and of the evolution undergone by the jurisprudential body, aimed at achieving the objective of social rehabilitation without endowing the punished with a punitive heritage. Undoubtedly, this is a real challenge in the research, which tries to answer each and every one of the substantive and procedural questions that arise on that subject. The research concludes with a procedural normative proposal, with a better fine-tune regulation that safeguards the principle of contradiction and avoids the undue delays derived from the current jurisdictional rule. A substantive proposal is also suggested, with an innovative solution that emphasizes not only on the chronological connection but also the potential knowledge about the functioning of the system. To sum up, the main aim is not other than achieving a better balance between the purposes of general prevention and social reintegration.
Vargas, Vignoli María Loreto. "Peces en piedra azul, algo más que huesos de peces." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2008. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/106109.
Full textCOLÍN, GARCÍA ANTONIO ALI. "MICOBACTERIOSIS EN PECES." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/105478.
Full textEl objetivo del presente trabajo fue reunir, analizar y presentar la información más relevante acerca de la infección causada por micobacteriosis en peces, su impacto en la producción y posibles efectos en salud pública. A nivel mundial las enfermedades de peces constituyen una amenaza para el desarrollo y sostenimiento de la acuicultura, ya que si aparecen de forma esporádica, periódica o sostenida limitan la producción. La micobacteriosis (tuberculosis húmeda) en peces o “micobacteriosis atípica” es una enfermedad crónica progresiva; afecta a un amplio rango de especies de agua dulce y salina, particularmente observada en peces de acuario, generando enfermedad crónica sistémica que tiende a formar granulomas externos e internos diseminados; sin embargo, ninguno de estos agentes produce una lesión o signo distintivo, por lo que se requiere hacer un diagnóstico confirmatorio en laboratorios especializados. En las micobacteriosis en peces provocada por micobacterias no tuberculosas (MNT): Mycobacterium marinum, M. chelonae y M. fortuitum, bacterias presentes en el ambiente acuático, la transmisión de la infección se da a través de lesiones en la piel, branquias e intestino, por consumo o contacto con animales o por protozoarios infectados; adicional a ello en peces vivíparos se ha demostrado una transmisión vertical. Sin embargo, el estrés de la manipulación, confinamiento y transporte se consideran como factores predisponentes de la enfermedad. En el hombre, los principales pacientes suelen ser personas mayores o debilitados y que típicamente están relacionados con la manipulación de peces y actividades recreacionales, y se conoce como “granuloma de las piscinas o de los acuarios”, ya que suelen producirse tras pequeños traumatismos cutáneos provocados en piscinas, albercas, estanques o acuarios, además de que de forma característica también existe el antecedente de lesiones con espinas de pescado o al manipular crustáceos. El proceso cutáneo es crónico y con un período de incubación de 2 a 8 semanas. En general suelen ser lesiones únicas, aunque en ocasiones se propagan y ascienden con una distribución lineal esporotricoide. En un tercio de los casos pueden invadir los tejidos profundos llegando a los tendones y los huesos. El diagnóstico de la micobacteriosis atípica se fundamenta en la sospecha clínica ante un historial clínico que sugiere exposición a fuentes de contagio o exposición, en donde pudieran estar presentes MNT. El diagnóstico de confirmación se realiza a partir de biopsias obtenidas de los órganos o tejidos con lesión nodular a los cuales se les practican estudios inmunohistoquímicos, histológicos y microbiológicos. Aunado a los aportes locales e internacionales que la piscicultura ofrece, en la actualidad esta actividad se enfrenta a una gran variedad de factores de riesgo que pueden afectar la productividad, entre los que se incluyen la incidencia y dispersión de enfermedades entre las poblaciones de peces, algunas de las cuales pueden tener importancia zoonótica como el caso de las MNT.
Guardiola, Sánchez Inés. "Ejecución de las penas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/403921.
Full textGIRARD, MARC. "Les fractures du penis." Nantes, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NANT061M.
Full textLagally, Carolin. "Stoßwellentherapie bei Induratio penis plastica." Diss., lmu, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-89691.
Full textGudiño, María Lourdes. "Los peces de Sergio Fernández." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28056.
Full textWorking toward this goal, the first chapter of the thesis unfolds the search for origins of the secret doctrine of Israel at the beginning of the Christian era, focusing specifically on the symbolism of the fish, Clam's role, the white goddess's function, Gabriel's role as the embodiment of Jehovah and Beelzebub and the presence of the new religion following the weddings.
The second chapter talks about the aesthetic of repentance as formulated by Baltasar Gracian and present in the work of sor Juana Ines de la Cruz; the relationship between the latter and the narrator of Los peces, the conception of art as a deception of the senses, as well as the narrator's androgynous voice or voices.
Finally, the third chapter concentrates on the poetics of Fernandez's text. More concretely, the spirituality of the narrator and his or her relationship with the writer. The relationship between desire, language, and religion, and the analysis of space are also the focal point in this chapter.
The conclusion summarizes what was studied throughout the thesis and raise questions.
Gudino, Maria Lourdes. "Los peces de Sergio Fernandez." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ43880.pdf.
Full textMorais, Abel Cardoso. "Metodologia de fixação das penas." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2002. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/2933.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2014-08-26T14:18:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao Direito Abel Cardoso Morais.pdf: 865008 bytes, checksum: 28894d9cc4d390958df40c169b08397d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002
In this work are established objective criteria of fixation of the exclusive punishment of freedom and of fine, according to doctrinaire jurisprudencial orientation, and the Brazilian positive right. Target itself the first chapter to the panoramic analysis, to the study of the source, historical evolution and principles that govern the punishment. The second chapter cares for of the technical criteria of fixation of the exclusive feathers of freedom and of fine, boarding itself several referring aspects to dosage e of the penal sanction, such as: the fixation of the punishment-base, with strict observance of the judicial criteria; the establishment of the temporary punishment, considering the importance, extenuating and the contest among them; the determination of the definitive punishment, having in mind the punishment increase or decrease special causes, the contest among them and the logic of the calculation in the successive, there included causes those current of the tried crime, formal contest and continued crime, where not always the jurisprudence introduces a good solution inside the juridical technique. The fine punishment is treated under two variant: value of the days-fine’s day fine and quantity. The last chapter care for the judicial providences that happen to the fixation of the exclusive punishment of freedom and or fine, such as the substitution of prision or concession punishment of benefits. Each on of these benefits is studied of part the part, carryng itself in account the legal requisites that authorize the pertinence of one or of another, observing itself the current jurisprudence about the subject. They are examined the extrapenal effects of the condemnation, automatic and specific, like sanction form due to the penal condemnation. In the conclusive phase, they are selected the answers that were flushed in the context of the work and introduced suggestions.
Neste trabalho são estabelecidos critérios objetivos de fixação da pena privativa de liberdade e de multa, segundo orientação doutrinária, jurisprudencial e o direito positivo brasileiro. Destina-se o primeiro capítulo à análise panorâmica, ao estudo da origem, evolução histórica e princípios que regem a pena. O segundo capítulo cuida dos critérios técnico-jurídico de fixação das penas privativas de liberdade e de multa, abordando-se vários aspectos referentes à dosimetria da sanção penal, tais como: a fixação da pena-base, com estrita observância dos critérios judiciais; o estabelecimento da pena provisória, considerando as agravantes, atenuantes e o concurso entre elas; a determinação da pena definitiva, tendo em vista as causas especiais de aumento ou diminuição de pena, o concurso entre elas e a lógica do cálculo nas causas sucessivas, aí incluídas aquelas decorrentes do crime tentado, concurso formal e crime continuado, onde nem sempre a jurisprudência apresenta uma boa solução dentro da técnica jurídica. A pena de multa é tratada sob duas variantes: valor do dia-multa e quantidade de dias-multa. O último capítulo trata das providências judiciais que sucedem à fixação da pena privativa de liberdade e ou multa, tais como a substituição da pena de prisão ou concessão do sursis. Cada um desses benefícios é estudado de parte a parte, levando-se em conta os requisitos legais que autorizam o cabimento de um ou de outro, observando-se a jurisprudência atual sobre o assunto. São examinados os efeitos extrapenais da condenação, automáticos e específicos, como forma de sanção decorrente da condenação penal. Na fase conclusiva, são pinçadas
Fabre, Caroline. "Peines perpétuelles et exigences européennes." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR0040.
Full textSince the death penalty was abolished in 1981, life imprisonment has established itself as an alternative sentence, thus becoming the most severe punishment in the spectrum of penalties. The questions of whether life imprisonment is useful and whether it is compatible with the notion of human dignity have interested the European Court of human rights which has indeed laid great emphasis on the necessity to preserve the rights enshrined in the European Convention of Human Rights. The issue lies in the very purpose of life imprisonment and the discrepancy between laws offering reduced sentences and the increase of established durations caused by the lengthening of unconditional imprisonment periods. This study will thus provide a review of the interpretative guidelines followed by European judges on the issue of life imprisonment so as to identify the various parameters taken into account by Judges when they set - in compliance with conventional dispositions - their requirements on the protection of the human rights of persons sentenced to perpetual imprisonment. This thesis will address the topic from a new standpoint in the context of European jurisprudence. Since it involves various political tendencies and juridical bulwarks, this topic allows us to confront perpetuity with the law systems calibrated by European Court of Human Rights. The issue of life imprisonment combines analysis of general criminal law, criminal procedure law as well as post sentence law which are indeed focused on the new criteria given by the European Court of Human Rights pertaining to the violation - and subsequently- preservation of basic rights
Choque, Susanibar Cesar Edgar. "Enfermedades bacterianas en peces ornamentales." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/15000.
Full textPublicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autor
La explotación de los peces ornamentales se ha convertido en una actividad económicamente rentable en estos tiempos, dada su gran demanda nacional e internacional. Por lo tanto, se tiene que asegurar un producto de buena calidad para mantener dichos mercados. Diversos eventos relacionados al medio ambiente o de manejo siempre van a conducir a alteraciones en la salud de los peces. Los factores que alteran su salud siempre van a estar relacionados a enfermedades de tipo infecciosas y no infecciosas. Dentro del grupo de enfermedades infecciosas que afectan la salud de los peces ornamentales figuran las enfermedades bacterianas que a menudo ocasionan lesiones externas y/o internas que al final pueden ocasionar la muerte y ser una fuente de dispersión de la enfermedad en el agua. Las bacterias relacionadas con enfermedad pueden provenir de la flora bacteriana de los peces asi como bacterias introducidas por alguna mala práctica de manejo; esto sumado a alguna condición estresante de los peces, los convertiría en susceptibles de padecer alguna infección. Algunas bacterias a la vez pueden tener cierta capacidad zoonótica ocasionando algún problema en la salud pública. El objetivo del presente trabajo es el de recopilar la mayor información bibliográfica relacionada a las enfermedades de los peces ornamentales causadas por bacterias.
Trabajo de suficiencia profesional
Oliveira, Márcia de Freitas. "O princípio da humanidade das penas e o alcance da proibição constitucional de penas cruéis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2136/tde-20032015-152711/.
Full textThis paper aims at analyzing the principle of humanity in the Brazilian Criminal Law and the violations of this principle that occur in the application of criminal sanctions. Some international texts that contributed to the development of this principle will be studied, as well as the consequences of their adoption in the Brazilian legal system, with the analysis of the criminal penalties that are forbidden by the Federal Constitution. Will also be analyzed the penalty of deprivation of liberty, the involuntary psychiatric treatment and the socio-educational measures, which are reached by this principle, to check how the violations of the principle being studied occur in each of these sanctions. At the end, these violations will be presented in order to understand the role that each person has to protect the dignity and fundamental rights of the people who commit criminal offenses.
Gerster, Susanne. "Zur Therapie der Induratio penis plastica." Diss., lmu, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-38015.
Full textVulliet, Laurent. "Modélisation des pentes naturelles en mouvement /." Lausanne : EPFL, 1986. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=635.
Full textJankowski, K. K. "Studies related to penems and carbapenems." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379257.
Full textThamar, Maurice. "Les peines coloniales et l'expérience guyanaise." Petit-Bourg (Guadeloupe) : Ibis rouge éd, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37089259c.
Full textPoussard, Sylvie Terrasse Mme. "Le Juge de l'application des peines." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37594402t.
Full textHerbetta, Alexandre Ferraz. "Peles braiadas: modos de ser Kalankó." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. http://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/2243.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The Kalankó community lives in the hinterland of Alagoas, more specifically in the municipality of Água Branca/AL. They have reinforced their indigenous identity publicly since the end of the 1990s, receiving the official classification by the federal government as Indians - in 2003. The field of ethnology classifies this phenomenon as ethnogenesis, among other related terms. These studies focus on the relationship between these populations and the nation state. This thesis aims to understand the Kalankó point of view as to what it means to be a Kalankó person. It is also a study on the symbolic system that is based on native music that acts as the pivot of a complex ritual that connects the mythology with some cultural domains and points out a complex representation of reality. In this sense, this thesis also attempts to understand how this representation is used to establish similarities and differences of strategic importance to the other peoples of the region and Brazil. In addition, I seek to understand what is an indigenous identity from the indigenous perspective. As a consequence, this provides insight into what is human. This thesis is based on a series of eight trips to the region, divided asymmetrically among indigenous groups in the same area, as well as major urban centers of the region, with the main focus on Kalankó villages. In this sense, one of the objectives of this thesis is to carry out studies on the concept of culture and identity, contributing to the field of anthropology. And beyond that, it tries to reposition Kalankó and other indigenous peoples of the northeastern hinterlands among ethnology in Brazil, leaving them symmetrically among other indigenous people, expanding the possibilities of the understanding of human phenomenon
Os Kalankó vivem no alto sertão alagoano, mais especificamente no município de Água Branca/AL. Eles afirmam-se publicamente indígenas, desde o fim da década de 1990, sendo reconhecidos como tais pelo Estado brasileiro em 2003. A etnologia indígena estuda e classifica este fenômeno como etnogênese, além de outros termos afins. Estes estudos focam-se na relação social destas populações com o Estado-nacão e entre elas. Esta tese busca compreender o ponto de vista Kalankó sobre o que é ser uma pessoa Kalankó. Trata-se ainda de um estudo sobre o sistema simbólico nativo que tem como base a música, a qual age como o pivô de um complexo ritual que liga o sistema mitocosmológico a alguns outros domínios culturais, apontando para a existência de um sistema de representações sociais acerca do mundo e do self. Além disso, tenta-se entender como este sistema de representação é usado para se estabelecer aproximações e distanciamentos estratégicos em relação às outras populações da região e do Brasil. Neste sentido, busca-se ainda compreender o que é uma identidade indígena, da perspectiva indígena do processo. E, assim, o que é humano para as populações em questão. Para isso, o desenvolvimento do trabalho apoiou-se em uma série de oito viagens, divididas assimetricamente entre os grupos indígenas do alto sertão alagoano, os principais centros urbanos da região e principalmente a aldeia Kalankó. Neste sentido, os objetivos da tese são os de realizar um aprofundamento nos estudos sobre o conceito de cultura e de identidade, contribuindo ao campo de estudos da antropologia. E, acima disso, reposicionar os Kalankó e os outros povos indígenas do sertão nordestino no campo de estudos da etnologia indígena no Brasil, deixando-os simetricamente ao lado de outras populações ameríndias e expandindo as possibilidades de entendimento destas pessoas
Santos, Williams Roberto Martins. "Peles grafitadas: uma poética do deslocamento." Programa de Pós- Graduação em Artes Visuais da UFBA, 2006. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/9863.
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A presente dissertação, desenvolvida no Mestrado em Artes Visuais da Escola de Belas Artes da Universidade Federal da Bahia, na linha de Processos Criativos, aborda aspectos relacionados as apropriações de imagens grafitadas, encontradas nos muros da cidade de Salvador, como também os meios técnicos e operacionais para a sua remoção na qual são nomeadas de peles grafitadas. Em seguida são selecionadas e posteriormente deslocadas para o espaço interno da galeria, ressignificando-as como documentos visuais, que vão comentando e ampliando notícias, pautando os dias, disseminando uma teia polissêmica de significados. A investigação das imagens grafitadas no espaço público ocupa-se a dar procedimentos em gerar uma poética, baseando-se em aspectos plásticos e conceituais à partir de princípios formativos para a construção da obra, sustentados principalmente por conceitos de pensadores como Gaston Bachelard, Henri Bérgson, Merleau-Ponty e Didi-Huberman.
Salvador
Adalberto, Carim Antonio Adalberto. "Les peines alternatives dans le monde." Limoges, 2011. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/bc50a17f-bf96-49a2-8a5a-1e782b86bb92/blobholder:0/2011LIMO1010.pdf.
Full textThe present thesis has the field of application to give a compared vision on the alternative sanctions in the legal reality of various countries in the world. It questions on its real efficiency, its compatibility with the human rights and its potential of perfection, when confronted to the traditional prison sentence that clearly presents its weariness, as well as for a better use of public funds and real resocialization of the deminquents in the society
Nimal, Clarisse. "Réinsertion et peines de milieu ouvert." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2019AZUR0026.
Full textThe 21st century marks a decisive turning point in the history of the law of the enforcement of sentences. The function of rehabilitating a convicted person has gradually become of paramount importance, only to be enshrined as a contemporary function of sentencing. In the face of the unanimous observation that the prison institution has failed to achieve the fundamental objectives of criminal policies to prevent recidivism and criminal overcrowding, the use of open-setting sentences has been constantly promoted by the legislator as a recourse. This type of sentence is considered to be the cornerstone of the offender's reintegration and therefore the mean to achieve less recidivism. Nonetheless, despite their undeniable potential in terms of the rehabilitation of the convicted person, it appears that they cannot achieve the objectives set out without an increased investment in the field of probation. However, the administrative body responsible for their implementation and monitoring has clearly insufficient human and material resources in this respect, leading to not completely fulfill the socio-educational requirements for these penalties. In addition, criminal policy makers should take into consideration the possibility to move away from the paradigm of confinement in order to ensure coherence and efficiency. Only under these conditions can the endemic phenomena of prison overcrowding and recidivism be effectively controlled. Will the French criminal justice system be able to make these profound and life altering changes ?
Bustamante, Ravanal Alejandra, and Vásquez Marcela Piña. "Medidas alternativas al cumplimiento de penas." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2001. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/114544.
Full textNo autorizada por el autor para ser publicada a texto completo
Este trabajo busca determinar el efecto práctico que tiene la aplicación de medidas alternativas en el sujeto beneficiado y en la sociedad. Para esto se eligió como punto específico de referencia y análisis la provincia de San Antonio, que cuenta con una población de 112.860 habitantes. El estudio en cuestión se efectuó materialmente en el Centro de Reinserción Social, en el Centro de Readaptación Social y los dos Juzgados de Letras de esa ciudad. Allí se tuvo acceso a cada uno de los expedientes de los beneficiados con la medida, a las personas que se encuentran a cargo de su aplicación y a los jueces que la concedieron. Especial importancia tuvo la realización de entrevistas con individuos beneficiados, pues esto nos permitió establecer el efecto de su aplicación en su trayectoria de vida y en sus familias. Tal como lo pensamos al iniciar esta memoria, concluimos que la aplicación de medidas alternativas es a todas luces más efectiva que el cumplimiento intramuros, sin perjuicio de reconocerle varios defectos. En todo caso el éxito es atribuible al acento que se pone por parte de los organismos encargados de su ejecución en la persona del delincuente, de tal suerte que es reconocido como sujeto de derecho
Tolley, Rebecca. "Emily Post, Hairstyles, Ballpoint Pens." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://www.amzn.com/1587656590.
Full textPenas, Olivia Reynaud Pascal. "Etude des composites SiC/SiBC à matrice multiséquencée en fatigue cyclique à hautes températures sous air." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2004. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=penas.
Full textMuñoz, San Martín Francisca, and Corrales Fernando Andrés Rodríguez. "Fines de la pena y libertad condicional." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2009. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/110990.
Full textAsumiendo la escasa utilidad de la cárcel como mecanismo de control social formal, sino y por el contrario, su función reverberante de la criminalidad, instituciones como la Libertad Condicional se erigen como una de aquellas verdaderamente encaminadas a dar contenido a la privación de libertad en un Estado Democrático de Derecho más allá de constituirla en un purgatorio institucionalizado. En este sentido, las ciencias jurídicas precisan hacerse cargo del empobrecimiento del diálogo existente respecto a estos temas, elevándolo por sobre los cacareos mediáticos efectistas que no tienen ningún asidero empírico y que “aparentan” respondernos estas interrogantes. Lo que necesitamos es rigor y seriedad; la progresiva inflación mediática y el aprovechamiento proselitista de estos temas nos aleja de la discusión reflexiva y calmada que debe imperar, porque de nada sirven más penas, más cárceles y más privados de libertad, si la institución penitenciaria no cumple con un cometido político criminal explícito que, por la gravedad de sus efectos, ha de ser estricta y plenamente coherente con los principios tutelares de nuestro Estado legislador, juez y administrador, cometido que puede ser “resocializador”, y en caso de ser otro, explicitarlo. Esperamos humildemente que este trabajo contribuya en alguna medida a ello
Berdet, Marcelo Borba. "Os significados da punição nas penas alternativas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2015. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/19210.
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As penas alternativas apresentam-se como um substitutivo penal à prisão no âmbito da justiça criminal e no escopo do sistema penal. No entanto, seu caráter punitivo não é comunicado ou expresso inequivocamente como o é a privação da liberdade. O propósito anunciado pelas penas alternativas é a responsabilização do infrator na comunidade, a garantia da cidadania e o reconhecimento de direitos do infrator. Então, pode-se perceber um descompasso entre a compreensão das penas alternativas enquanto uma sanção penal e o significado social que lhe é atribuído. Foi a partir do questionamento do papel político e penológico atribuído às penas alternativas na justiça criminal brasileira que este estudo tomou forma. Assim, o que está em jogo são as bases sociais, políticas e legais para entender as penas alternativas como uma forma de punição à sociedade. Uma questão geral guiou este estudo. Quais são os significados atribuídos às penas alternativas enquanto prática punitiva? De modo geral, este estudo se valeu da Grounded Theory como metodologia para análise e interpretação dos dados, utilizando-se de duas técnicas de pesquisa: a análise de conteúdo e a construção de um modelo estatístico, ambos cobrindo a execução das penas alternativas. O primeiro teve como base de dados documentos produzidos pelas instituições diretamente envolvidas na execução das penas alternativas ou que politicamente atuam no sentido de fomentar o seu uso. O segundo diz respeito aos dados coletados sobre os cumpridores de penas alternativas no Distrito Federal até setembro de 2012. Dentre os achados da pesquisa, destacam-se: (i) que a execução das penas alternativas reproduz a mesma dinâmica com relação à “seletivi a e” a justiça criminal, ou seja, o perfil dos cumpridores assemelha-se aos dos sentenciados com a pena privativa de liberdade; (ii) as penas alternativas não se desprendem do sentido da pena como uma punição imposta pela autoridade legal e, com isso, carregam consigo uma dualidade ao punir com o propósito de promover a justiça social e as políticas públicas inclusivas; (iii) as penas alternativas configuram-se como mais um controle social operado por dispositivos penais do que uma real substituição da prisão; (iv) as penas alternativas não conseguiram até então comunicar com clareza a sua dimensão punitiva à sociedade, o que se torna uma restrição política e objetiva para sua significação como real substituto à prisão. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The alternative sanctions are presented as a substitute to prison within the criminal justice system. However, its punitive dimension is not communicated or expressed unequivocally as the imprisonment. The stated purpose for sentencing one through alternative sanctions is the responsibilization of offenders within the community, the guarantee of citizenship and recognition of offender's rights. Hence, one can see a gap between the understanding of alternative sanctions as a criminal penalty and the social meaning ascribed to it. It was from the questioning of the political and penological role assigned to alternative sanctions in the Brazilian criminal justice system that this study developed. So what is at stake are the social, political and legal basis to mean alternative sanctions as a form of punishment to society. A general question guided this study. What are the meanings given to alternative sanctions as punitive practice? Overall, this study has recoursed to Grounded Theory as a general methodology for the analysis and interpretation of data, using two research techniques: content analysis and the building of a statistical model. The first, relied on documents produced by the institutions which are directly involved in the application of alternative sanctions as penalty, and those which politically act to promote their use. The second, relates to the data collected regarding those ones sentenced to alternative sanctions in the Federal District (Brazil’s apital) until epte ber 2012. The research in ings are: (i) the application of alternative sanctions reproduces the same "selectivity" within the criminal justice system observed with regard to imprisonment, that is, the profile of offenders is likewise to those sentenced to prison; (ii) alternative sanctions does not throw out the sense of the sentencing as a punishment imposed by lawful authority. Thus, alternative sanctions carries a duality, the need to punish in order to promote social justice and social policies of inclusion; (iii) alternative sanctions seem more as a social control device operated by criminal rather than an actual replacement of prison; (iv) alternative sanctions have failed so far in communicate clearly its punitive dimension to society, which becomes a political and objective restriction to its meaning as a real substitute to prison. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ RÉSUMÉ
Les peines alternatives sont présentées comme un substitut pénal à l’e prisonne ent ans la justice criminelle et dans le cadre du systè e pénal. epen ant, son caractère puniti n’est ni communiqué ni exprimé catégoriquement comme en est la privation de liberté. L'objectif déclaré des peines alternatives est la responsabilisation du délinquant face à la collectivité, la garantie de la citoyenneté et la reconnaissance des droits des délinquants. Donc, on peut voir un décalage entre la compréhension des peines alternatives comme une sanction pénale et leur signi ication sociale. ’est à partir de la remise en question du rôle politique et pénologique donné aux peines alternatives dans la justice pénale brésilienne que cette étude a pris forme. De cette façon, les enjeux sont les bases sociales, politiques et juridiques pour comprendre les peines alternatives comme une forme de punition pour la société. Une question générale a guidé cette étude. Quelles sont les significations attribuées aux peines alternatives comme pratique punitive? De façon générale, cette étude a utilisé de Grounded Theory comme méthodologie pour l'analyse et l'interprétation des données, en utilisant deux techniques de recherche: l'analyse de contenu et la construction d'un modèle statistique, les deux couvrant l'application de peines alternatives. La première a eu comme base de données des documents produits par les institutions directement impliquées à l’exécution des peines alternatives ou politiquement agissantes à leur utilisation. La seconde concerne aux données recueillies sur les personnes qui purgent de peines alternatives au District Fédéral jusqu'en Septembre 2012. Parmi les résultats de recherche, on peut voir que: (i) l’exécution des peines alternatives reproduit la même dynamique relative à la "sélectivité" de la justice pénale, i.e., le profil des personnes purgeant une peine alternative ressemble à ceux de condamnés à la privation de liberté; (ii) des peines alternatives ne se dégagent pas du sens de la punition comme une chose imposée par l'autorité légitime, et donc elles ont la dualité de punir afin de promouvoir la justice sociale et des politiques publiques inclusives; (iii) des peines alternatives apparaissent davantage comme un dispositif de contrôle social qu'un remplacement effectif de la prison; (iv) des peines alternatives ont échoué jusqu'ici de communiquer clairement leur dimension punitive à la société, ce qui devient une restriction politique et objective pour leur signification comme un véritable substitut à la prison.
Ribeiro, Marco Antonio Vaz Sampaio. "Linfocintilografia no cancer de penis : estudo prospectivo." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312197.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: O câncer de pênis é uma doença rara potencialmente curável pela excisão da lesão primária em conjunto com metástases linfáticas. Devido à alta morbidade associada à linfadenectomia inguinal desenvolvemos um estudo prospectivo para avaliar a eficácia de um novo método diagnóstico de metástases ocultas, comparando-o à linfadenectomia inguinal, o padrão-ouro. No período compreendido entre agosto de 1999 a setembro de 2004, dezessete pacientes com diagnóstico de carcinoma espino celular invasivo do pênis, sem evidência de doença metastática em pelo menos uma das regiões inguinais, foram incluídos neste estudo. Um total de 13 pacientes apresentava regiões inguinais clinicamente negativas bilateralmente e 4 unilateralmente. Para localizar o linfonodo sentinela foi realizada a linfocintilografia com a injeção de fitato de tecnécio-99m, radiomarcado, em 4 pontos ao redor da lesão primária, duas horas antes da operação. A leitura dinâmica da distribuição do radiofármaco (RF) foi feita em gama câmara e a localização intra-operatória feita com auxílio de um detector portátil de radiação gama. A biópsia do linfonodo sentinela foi comparada com a análise histopatológica da linfadenectomia inguinal, esta última realizada bilateralmente em todos pacientes. Os pacientes foram seguidos ambulatorialmente, com seguimento médio de 20 meses (variando de 2 a 54 meses). O estadiamento tumoral foi pT1 em 5 pacientes, pT2 em 11 e pT3 em 1. O grau de diferenciação histológica foi I em 13 pacientes, grau II em 3 e grau III em 1. Quarenta e sete linfonodos sentinelas de 25 regiões inguinais de 17 pacientes foram ressecados, todos identificados pela linfocintilografia e pelo detector portátil de radiação gama. Em cinco regiões inguinais de 5 pacientes não houve detecção de linfonodos sentinelas. A linfocintilografia demonstrou drenagem bilateral em 9 pacientes e unilateral em 4. Um paciente dos quatro com estadiamento clínico N1, teve um linfonodo sentinela positivo para metástase do lado clinicamente negativo e outro não demonstrou qualquer distribuição do RF. A linfocintilografia identificou linfonodos sentinelas com metástases ocultas em 2 regiões inguinais de 2 pacientes. Três regiões inguinais de 2 pacientes apresentaram metástases, 2 em correspondência com as metástases detectadas pelos linfonodos sentinelas e 1 de uma região onde não se visibilizou distribuição do RF. Nenhum dos casos com biópsia negativa do linfonodo sentinela apresentou metástase. A linfadenectomia inguinal poderá ser dispensada quando o linfonodo sentinela for negativo para disseminação tumoral e deverá ser realizada sempre que houver falha na detecção desta estrutura pelo método.
Abstract: Penile cancer is a rare condition that is potentially cured by tumor excision and regional lymphadenectomy. Considering the great morbidity and mortality associated to inguinal lymphadenectomy, its indication is still controversial. We designed a prospective study to evaluate the accuracy of dynamic sentinel node biopsy in the detection of occult inguinal metastasis. From august 1999 to september 2004, seventeen consecutive patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis and clinically node negative disease were prospectively entered in this study. A total of 13 patients had bilateral and 4 unilateral clinically node negative disease. All patients underwent lymphoscintigraphy with 99mTechnetium fitate injected intradermally in 4 points around the primary tumor two hours before the operation to locate the sentinel node. After obtaining dynamic images of the tracer distribution using a gamma camera, the sentinel node was identified intraoperatively by a gamma ray detection probe and then excised. Inguinal lymph node dissection was also performed bilaterally in all of the patients. The hystopathological result of the sentinel node was compared to the hystopathological result of the regional lymphadenectomy. Patients were seen at regular outpatient visits, with a mean follow-up of 20 months (range 2 to 54 months). Tumor stage was pT1 in 5 patients, pT2 in 11 and pT3 in 1. The differentiation grade was I in 13 patients, grade II in 3 and grade III in 1. Sentinel nodes from 25 inguinal regions of 17 patients were resected, all nodes were identified by scintigraphy and by the gamma ray detection probe. Five inguinal regions of 5 patients showed no sentinel node. Scintigraphy revealed bilateral drainage in 9 patients, unilateral in 4. One patient of 4 with unilateral clinical stage N1 disease had a tumor positive sentinel node at the clinically node negative side and other did not show any sentinel node at all. Sentinel node metastasis was found in 2 inguinal regions of 2 patients. Three regional lymphadenectomies of 2 patients showed metastasis, 2 corresponding to the tumor positive sentinel nodes and 1 from a groin that no sentinel node was found. No metastasis was found in inguinal regions with a tumor free sentinel node. The regional lymphadenectomy may not be done when a sentinel node is detected and negative for tumor spread and should be performed when a sentinel node is not detected.
Mestrado
Cirurgia
Mestre em Cirurgia
Junior, Alceu Corrêa. "Monitoramento eletrônico de penas e alternativas penais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2136/tde-20062013-132709/.
Full textThe search for alternatives to prison is old, and electronic surveillance has emerged as a technological solution. The cultural context of the United States at the end of the twentieth century has propitiated the emergence of electronic monitoring, also influenced by utilitarism and by the culture of offense control. Monitoring should respect the principles of Democratic Rule of Law (human dignity) and to be linked to the preventive purposes of sentence (positive special prevention). By itself it does not decrease the prison population and it does not reduce recidivism, but the economic gains and the good results obtained by other countries can not be ignored. Thus, foreign experience shows good results in the use of surveillance along with programs of social support. In Brazil, the electronic monitoring was introduced by law in criminal enforcement and as a precautionary measure. It would be interesting if it could be established as a way of prison enforcement (alternative to prisons). It could be also expected to enforce restrictive penalties of rights that require monitoring, consolidating an alternative system of penalties that can promote prevention and replace the prison for minor offenses. The electronic monitoring restricts fundamental rights and thus it should be provided by law, limited to the restriction, applied when it is necessary with the least visibility.
Marafon, Eliane Andrioli Matos. "Depilação enzimática-oxidativa de peles para curtimento." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/75750.
Full textThe search for technologies aiming at minimizing the environmental impact of leather industry is constantly increasing. The use of enzymes and oxidants in the unhairing step is an alternative which allow reducing the pollution of the leather industry, in addition to enabling the reduction of process time. In this study we sought to bring together the benefits of using enzymes, produced by two strains of Bacillus subtilis (BLBc 11 e BLBc 17), and hydrogen peroxide through the combination of these products in an enzymatic-oxidative unhairing, alternative to the conventional process (lime and sodium sulfide). Initially, tests were carried out to assess the best conditions for hair removal, verifying that the best conditions are: perform the first step only with the enzymatic extract liquid, alkalinization with 1% sodium hydroxide and, then, the oxidation step with hydrogen peroxide, with the total process time around 4 h. Tests for enzyme-oxidative unhairing were performed under these conditions, applying enzymes at concentrations of 100 U g-1 of skin and 300 U g-1 of skin, and hydrogen peroxide at concentrations of 4% and 8%. The skins were visually evaluated, observing that in all the tests the hairs were not completely removed, achieving its removal with subsequent mechanical scraping. The hairs were removed intact, with the roots. Tests were conducted comparing the proposed unhairing method, the conventional unhairing and purely enzymatic unhairing performed with enzymatic extract produced by strains BLBc 11 and BLBc 17. The residual baths were evaluated through analysis of pH, total Kjeldhal nitrogen, total dissolved solids, fixed and volatile, glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans and hydroxyproline. The results were satisfactory, showing that the enzymatic-oxidative unhairing using enzymes and hydrogen peroxide proposed here can be considered a viable alternative to the use of lime and sodium sulfide.
Kastelaniec, de Laforcade Agata. "Les condamnations à de courtes peines d'emprisonnement." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020054.
Full textRamos, Espinoza Fernando Carlos. "Evaluación de lesiones histopatológicas y aislamiento bacteriológico de algunos de los principales tejidos de gamitanas (Colossoma macropomum)." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/703.
Full text--- The aim of this study was to determine histopathological lesions and bacterial isolates in some tissues of gamitana (Colossoma macropomum). Forty clinically healthy juvenile fishes were collected from the Experimental Station IVITA-Pucallpa, Ucayali (Perú), taking samples of the kidney, liver, spleen, stomach, gills and muscle. The histopathological findings in the liver were hydropic degeneration (39/40) and congestion (31/40); the findings in the kidney were hydropic degeneration and tubular necrosis (40/40) and tubule cell regeneration (6/40), with an increase of melano-macrophage centres in the periphery of the tubules; the findings in the spleen were congestion (4/40); the findings in the stomach were epithelial necrosis of the mucosa (3/40) and gastric glands necrosis (2/40); the findings in the gills were infiltration of inflammatory cells in branchial filament (40/40), congestion in filament (12/40), interlamellar epithelium hyperplasia (40/40), (18/40) and loss of lamellas (2/40); and finally in the muscle the findings were necrosis (16/40) and muscle atrophy (5/40). The hepatocytes had dark pigments in the cytoplasme (40/40); and hyaline pigments in the tubular cells of the kidney (2/40) and estomach (25/40). Also, the results showed myxosporean parasites in gills (2/40), kidney (40/40) and muscle (12/40); and monogenean parasites in gills (6/40). The bacteria isolated were: Pseudomona fluorescens/putida, Edwardsiella tarda, Plesiomona shigelloides, Salmonella arizonae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacilus cereus, Serratia sp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica. It was concluded that the histopathology is a diagnostic technique to determine lesions caused by infectious or non-infectious agents in gamitanas under culture. Also, the study showed non-infectious lesions in the stomach and kidney. These results suggested an association with alterations in protein metabolism; and the branchial lesions, from mild to moderate, suggested an association with low quality of the water; and finally were isolated potentially pathogenic bacteria in fishes such as: Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda in gills and organs, but also there was no relation between the isolated bacteria and the histopathological findings in any of the tissues.
Tesis
Avendaño, Zanabria David Elmer. "Correlación clínico anatomopatológico del cáncer de pene. 10 años de experiencia en el Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo - Perú 2004." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1860.
Full textTesis de segunda especialidad
Hani, Houria. "La notion de la peine en droit français et musulman." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010272.
Full textDoppler, Delphine. "Stabilité et dynamique de pentes granulaires sous-marines." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00109458.
Full textUne première étude est consacrée aux seuils de mise en mouvement des particules. Deux modèles simples prenant en compte la gravité, la friction entre particules et le cisaillement du fluide, permettent de retrouver l'influence de la vitesse de l'écoulement d'eau et de la pente du lit sur les seuils de transport par érosion et par avalanche.
Le régime d'écoulements gravitaires est ensuite exploré pour des pentes au-delà de l'angle maximal de stabilité. Les mesures d'évolution de la pente du tas et du débit de particules (par PIV) montrent que l'avalanche atteint rapidement un régime quasi-stationnaire. La vitesse des grains dépend uniquement de la pente du tas, dans une relation quantitativement prédite par un modèle adapté des développements récents de modélisation de la rhéologie des granulaires.
Dans une troisième partie on s'intéresse à la déformation de l'interface granulaire dans un régime particulier. La formation de rides à tourbillon est observée à la surface de l'avalanche, lorsqu'on applique un écoulement d'eau qui tend à transporter les particules dans la direction opposée. Après une phase initiale de croissance exponentielle, l'amplitude des rides sature. La zone de recirculation à l'arrière de la ride semble contrôler la forme des structures tandis que la quantité de matière transportable par l'avalanche semble déterminer leur amplitude.
Camilo, Roberta Rodrigues. "Evolução das penas e o regime disciplinar diferenciado." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/7544.
Full textThe current paper analyzes the penal sanction and its evolution within the penal and procedural penal law up to the implementation of the differential, disciplinary regime, passed by Law nº. 10.792/2003, which altered article nº.52 and those that followed Law nº. 7.210/84 (Penal, Execution Law). Although, this is a relatively recent theme, it has already been object of both support and criticism. Moreover, we have analyzed the emergent circunstances that brought forth the creation of such institution. Therefore, we have investigated our Penitentiary System, which faces overcrowding problems - a great obstacle to the ressocialization of the condemned-and the bad influence of criminal groups′ leaders, many of which though imprisoned, still cause society fear. Finally, we have studied the differential, disciplinary regime in itself - that is, in its features, rules and applicability towards the Federal Constitution, for the mission of a Democratic State of Law
O presente trabalho analisa a sanção penal e a sua evolução diante do direito penal e processual penal, até a implantação do regime disciplinar diferenciado, instituído pela Lei nº 10.792/2003, que alterou o artigo 52 e seguintes da Lei nº 7.210/84 (Lei de Execução Penal). Embora seja tema relativamente recente, já é, objeto de críticas e apoios. Ademais, analisamos as circunstâncias emergenciais que ensejaram a criação desse instituto. Analisamos, outrossim, o nosso Sistema Prisional, que enfrenta problemas de lotação, grande obstáculo para a ressocialização do condenado e a má influência de líderes de facções criminosas, muitos detidos, e, que, constantemente, causam temor à sociedade. Por fim, estudamos o regime disciplinar diferenciado, propriamente dito, com suas características, regras, sua aplicação em face da Constituição Federal , com vistas a missão de um Estado Democrático de Direito
Ahumada, Morasky Felipe Andrés. "Las Penas Privativas de Libertad de Corta Duración." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2006. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/107688.
Full textEn el objetivo de este trabajo gravita la idea de conciliar o al menos intentar explicar la discrepancia entre la aplicación y resurgimiento de las penas cortas y los infructuosos, duraderos y fuertes deseos de la doctrina penal por proscribir su aplicación y existencia. Para ello se revisarán las principales críticas que se señalan contra esta clase de penas, y en definitiva se analizará la problemática que supone su abolición, haciendo énfasis en el por qué de su subsistencia, la imposibilidad práctica, en la actualidad de su eliminación y su papel en la evolución hacia un derecho penal que suponga verdaderamente la mínima intervención y uso del Ius puniendi estatal. Nos enfrentamos por un lado al conocido problema de los fines de la pena (o de las consecuencias jurídicas del delito) y por otro, más específicamente a la función (o disfunción) de la pena corta de prisión. Tal es la trascendencia del problema, que la dogmática penal no ha dudado en señalar que el problema de los fines de la pena, es un problema de los fines del derecho penal en su conjunto. En síntesis, si el tratamiento ya no es un punto referente válido como justificación dentro del uso de la pena de prisión de libertad, el único sustento que podemos rescatar es el castigo.
Arruda, Danielle Campiol. "Estudo da biodegradação de penas por comunidades microbianas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/138222.
Full textThe high Brazilian poultry production generates thousands of tons of feathers as a waste, per year. Since its is composed of approximately 90% of keratin, the search for treatment and reuse of this protein becomes of great environmental and economic interest. The biodegradation by various microorganisms has been discussed as an alternative to replace the current thermo-mecanical treatment. This work aimed to investigate the application of different bacterial strains in communities during degradation of two keratin wastes from the poultry industry: raw feathers and feather meal. Two experimental designs were used as tools for microbial communities: Complete Factorial and Plackett-Burman. The first one was used to screen bacteria of importance in the degradation of raw feathers. It allowed the selection of four bacteria (Bacillus subtilis S14, NP4 Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis NP5 and Macrococcus caseolyticus FCA7) and improved feather degradation in 4% by comparing the isolates and microbial communities. Using non-autoclaved feathers, the addition of Bacillus subtilis NP5 only was enough to increase the degradation of 14% to 33%. As occurs in raw feathers, the bacterium Bacillus subtilis NP5 was strongly involved and essential for obtaining high percentage of degradation. Biofilm formation in feather surface was demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy Whether this phenomenon was directly related to the production of keratinase and degradation of this waste was also evaluated. Considering the action of each bacterium strain alone or in communities, results show that there is not a direct relationship between the evaluated parameters. It was demonstrated that the highest degradation obtained by Bacillus subtilis NP5 appears to involve both the production of keratinase and high biofilm formation.
CANAL, FABIANA DAVEL. "PENAS e Medidas Alternativas: Caminhos, Paisagens, Encontros, Reflexões." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/2910.
Full textRESUMO A pena de prisão tornou-se a penalidade por excelência da sociedade contemporânea. Entretanto, observamos que as Penas e Medidas Alternativas (PMAs) são cada vez mais utilizadas pelo sistema jurídico brasileiro, sendo consideradas por muitos, como uma evolução dos modos de punir. Elas parecem incontestáveis, tendo em vista os horrores vividos nesses anos em que a prisão foi a única forma legal da punição efetivar-se. Mas, o reconhecimento de sua importância não nos deve impedir de problematizá-las. Assim, pensamos como objetivo geral dessa pesquisa, analisar como se efetuam as Penas e Medidas Alternativas executadas no Município de Vitória- ES, visando conhecer as práticas existentes e os efeitos do cumprimento das PMAs sobre os modos de vida dos apenados/beneficiários. Para tanto, usamos como ferramentas metodológicas o diário de campo, contendo nossa vivência no curso de formação em Direitos Humanos para pessoas que cumprem PMAs, além de cinco entrevistas semiestruturadas com os integrantes do referido curso. Foucault foi quem nos deu ferramentas para construirmos nossas análises, que são baseadas na Arqueogenealogia. Através dela, buscamos encontrar, nas coisas ditas e vividas, as práticas construídas, as verdades afirmadas, as instituições acionadas etc. Nossas análises apontam a judicialização da vida como uma engrenagem importante para o aumento das PMAs. No curso, vivemos muitas histórias e, juntamente com as que ouvimos nas entrevistas, percebemos que, em relação a um código no nosso caso, o código ditado pela justiça não há a única opção de cumpri-lo, mas infinitas formas de vivê-lo. Desse modo, se algumas vezes as Penas e Medidas Alternativas são vividas de forma endurecida, promovendo o assujeitamento e a submissão total dos apenados, em outras elas atuam como problematizadoras de modos de vida, sendo potentes aliadas na construção de formas diferenciadas de viver. Palavras-Chave: Penas Alternativas; Prisão; Poder; Direitos Humanos.
Macherey, Pierre. "A quoi pense la litterature ? (these sur travaux)." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010556.
Full textThe french philosophical institution is considered in its internal evolution, in relation to a specific system (namly spinozianism), and in relation to its effects as they appear in literary texts
Caldas, Eduardo Emanuel Abreu. "Doença do bico e das penas dos psitaciformes." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/29203.
Full textFrançois, Christine. "La juridictionnalisation des procès de l'exécution des peines." Thesis, Lille 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL20017.
Full textIn the law of enforcement of the sentences, two essential proceedings are at stake for the sentenced person : the disciplinary proceeding and the enforcement proceeding. In recent years and despite the division between private law and public law that characterizes them, these proceedings have come within the framework of a unique jurisdictional logic. Although they are often envisaged as different, the interest of this study is to demonstrate that beyond the polymorphism of the law, on the one part,and the jurisdictional and non jurisdictional organs to which these proceedings are connected, on the other part, the last ones have known a concomitant evolution in terms of recognition of procedural safeguards. Thus, today, we can assert that a real general law of enforcement of the sentences was born. Nevertheless, this common-core syllabus still shows numerous inadequacies towards the principles which must characterize a fair trial (independence, impartiality, public hearing…). In spiteof this, French courts still refuse to admit the applicability of certain supra-legal principles in prison environment, basing themselves on proper criteria and on an erroneous legal definition of disciplinary proceedings. Therefore, this study intends to underline the real criminal definition of these proceedings and advocates the principle of unity of law enforcement. As a matter of fact, the question is to determine the organ best to protect the rights of the sentenced person. Then, will arise thequestion of the hypothesis of a common proceeding by taking into account the existing link between the enforcement of the sentence proceeding, through revocations of reductions of sentences
Chuctaya, Vasquez Junior Alberto. "Diversidad de la ictiofauna y variaciones espacio temporales en los ambientes lénticos de la cuenca del río Ampiyacu (Loreto) en el período agosto 2009-julio 2010." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3861.
Full textTesis
Yahiaoui, Rabah. "La question de l'individualisation dans l'exécution des peines privatives de liberté de longue durée." Amiens, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AMIE0050.
Full textThis work proposes an analysis of the means used in penitentiary treatment for the purpose of social re-insertion as applied to long-term prisoners. It is based on a double approach: theoritical and empirical. Since the amor reform, the concept of social re-insertion represents one of the objectives assigned to long-prison-term. The penitentiary authorities then found themselves faced with a double mission: custody and re-insertion of prisoners. Keeping this in mind, means and instruments were created in order to carry out the penitentiary treatment and assure its individualization. Thus, in 1958, the penal procedure code instituted the judge in charge of the implementation of sentences (juge de l'application des peines) to set up the principal clauses of the penitentiary treatment for each prisoner. At the end of the 70s, following the american example, the french penitentiary treatment was revised and the action of the jap openly critized. However, the notion of re-insertion was not given up. Recalled with the june 22,1987 law, it was ratified by the constitutional counsel in its january 20,1994 ruling. That being so, the notion of treatment remains nebulous and therefore needs to be defined. With the aim of evaluating the present state of the treatment for re-insertion, the analysis is developed according to three directions : evolution of the criminal politics enabling to comprehend them within a historical dimension; functioning of the penitentiary institution through its methods and means displayed for the treatment used with prisoners; finally, the role of the jap and the limits of his action within the prisons authorities. The putting into perspective of the judicial and administrative powers on one hand, the taking into consideration of openings created by the european texts on the other hand, enable to lay down a critical and prospective analysis of the methods of treatment and practise of individualization in long-prison-term
Leblois-Happe, Jocelyne. "Quelles réponses à la petite délinquance ? : étude du droit répressif français sous l'éclairage comparé du droit répressif allemand /." Aix-en-Provence : Presses universitaires d'Aix-Marseille, Faculté de droit et de science politique, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38951244g.
Full textBebin, Xavier. "Pourquoi punir ? : l'approche utilitariste de la sanction pénale /." Paris ; Budapest ; Kinshasa [etc] : l'Harmattan, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb401562538.
Full textBibliogr. p. [223]-235 p.