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Journal articles on the topic 'Penetration defect'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

Zhu, Haitao, Di Liu, Han Bao, Zhongjun Ding, and Yi Zhang. "Influence of Initial Imperfections on PMMA Spherical Shell." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (October 6, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3481368.

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This paper focused on the influence of initial imperfection on the critical load of PMMA pressure spherical shell by introducing buckling modes as the initial defect. Four types of pressure spherical shells including complete spherical shell, spherical shell with single penetration, spherical shell with double penetrations, and hyperspherical shell were studied. The distribution of initial imperfections was given through the modal configuration of linear eigenvalue analysis, and then the buckling critical load of the spherical shell was analyzed by using the consistent modal defect method and

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2

Luo, Jian, Jiafa Wang, Hongxin Lin, Lei Yuan, Jianjun Gao, and Haibin Geng. "Study on the Relationship between Root Metal Flow Behavior and Root Flaw Formation of a 2024 Aluminum Alloy Joint in Friction Stir Welding by a Multiphysics Field Model." Metals 10, no. 7 (2020): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10070913.

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In friction stir welding (FSW), many defects (such as kissing bond, incomplete penetration, and weak connection) easily occur at the root of the welded joint. Based on the Levy–Mises yield criterion of the Zener–Hollomon thermoplastic constitutive equation, a 3D thermal–mechanical coupled finite element model was established. The material flow behavior and the stress field at the root area of a 6 mm thick 2024-T3 aluminum alloy FSW joint were studied. The influence of pin length on the root flaw was investigated, and the formation mechanism of the “S line” defects and non-penetration defects w

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3

Light, G. M., J. L. Fisher, R. F. Tennis, J. S. Stolte, and G. J. Hendrix. "Detection and Sizing of Defects in Control Rod Drive Mechanism Penetrations Using Eddy Current and Ultrasonics." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 118, no. 3 (1996): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2842192.

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Over the last two years, concern has been generated about the capabilities of performing nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of the closure-head penetrations in nuclear-reactor pressure vessels. These penetrations are primarily for instrumentation and control rod drive mechanisms (CRDMs) and are usually thick-walled Inconel tubes, which are shrink-fttted into the steel closure head. The penetrations are then welded between the outside surface of the penetration and the inside surface of the closure head. Stress corrosion cracks initiating at the inner surface of the penetration have been reported

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4

Shi, Lei, Xiao Qi, Xinhui Li, et al. "Research on welding defect examination technique based on phased array ultrasonic for high voltage transformer oil tank welds." E3S Web of Conferences 522 (2024): 01041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202452201041.

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Oil tank of high voltage transformer plates. During welding and operation, defects such as incomplete fusion, incomplete penetration , air holes and cracks may be produced which influence the integrity and density of the welds and the whole tank. In order to test the integrity of the shell weld of high-pressure transformer box and ensure no leakage of transformer oil, the phased array testing technology is used to detect the defects of the butt weld of the transformer oil tank. The characteristics of weld defect detection under the condition of incomplete penetration were studied, and the soun

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5

Ren, Lemei, Wenlong Liu, Bo Zhu, Guansan Tian, Hui Lu, and Linkai Yan. "Quantitative Evaluation of Deformation in High-Speed Magnetic Flux Leakage Signals for Weld Defects in Oil and Gas Pipelines." Processes 12, no. 11 (2024): 2396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12112396.

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Complex multiphase flow in oil and gas pipelines raises safety risks. Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) detection effectively identifies pipeline defects. However, the high-speed movement of MFL inspection tools induces motion-induced eddy currents (MIECs), complicating defect recognition and quantification. Most prior research has primarily focused on rectangular defects, leaving a gap in understanding the impact of MIECs on weld defects. This paper proposes the amplitude and shape deformation coefficients to analyze the influence of velocity on various weld defects, including internal reinforcemen

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Rafikov, S. K., A. P. Vatolin, G. S. Sharnina, and K. V. Kozhaeva. "Analysis of Reliability of Welded Connections Liquefied Gas and Condensate Pipelines." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 988, no. 2 (2022): 022053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/988/2/022053.

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Abstract To assess the strength and reliability of welded joints, the metal of welded joints of the unstable condensate pipeline was tested for static tension and low-cycle durability. The tests were carried out on defect-free specimens, specimens with defects such as lack of fusion, undercut, single pore, single slag inclusion and specimens with defects combining lack of fusion and undercut. A comparative analysis of the effect of defects combining lack of penetration and undercut and separately located defects such as lack of penetration, undercut, single pore, single slag inclusion on tensi

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Amir, Haider F. Abdul, та Fuei Pien Chee. "Monte Carlo Simulation of Alpha (α) Particles Penetration in Nanoscale Silicon Semiconductor Materials". Advanced Materials Research 528 (червень 2012): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.528.237.

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Microsystems, both in space and ground level, will use systems with III-V semiconductors and devices of nanoscale. Vulnerability of this system towards the radiations warrants extra care to be taken. Therefore, appropriate test and analysis to assure the hardness (radiation resistance) of components to be used in various radiation environments is necessary. In this paper, the defect generated in the interaction of alpha (α) particles and silicon (Si) semiconductor material is simulated using SRIM (Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter). The induced defects are in the form of vacancies, defect c

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Min, Jun-Hong, Jee-Soo Jang, and Sang-Ho Lee. "Significance of the double-layer and single-layer signs in the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 6, no. 4 (2007): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi.2007.6.4.4.

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Object The purpose of this study was to elucidate the significance of the signs of dural penetration, which were previously described by Hida et al. This goal was accomplished by an analysis of preoperative computed tomography scans and a review of the medical records of patients who underwent removal of the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) via the anterior approach. Methods Outcomes in 197 patients with cervical OPLL who underwent anterior decompression and fusion were studied retrospectively. The types of OPLL, single- and double-layer signs of dural penetration, di

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9

Wang, Qing-Yu, Cun Xue, Chao Dong, and You-He Zhou. "Effects of defects and surface roughness on the vortex penetration and vortex dynamics in superconductor–insulator–superconductor multilayer structures exposed to RF magnetic fields: numerical simulations within TDGL theory." Superconductor Science and Technology 35, no. 4 (2022): 045004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ac4ad1.

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Abstract Vortex penetration and vortex dynamics are significantly important to superconducting devices, for example, the superconducting cavities, since vortex motions will create substantial dissipation. In experiments, different kinds of defects as well as different degrees of surface roughness were observed. By considering these in superconductor–insulator–superconductor (SIS) structures, vortex penetration and vortex dynamics are very complex due to their interactions with defects and the influence of surface roughness, especially for radio-frequency (RF) magnetic fields, which are quite d

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10

Kambayashi, H., Y. Kurokawa, H. Ota, Yasuhiro Hoshiyama, and Hidekazu Miyake. "Evaluation with Surface Analysis Equipment, of Casting Defects in Cast Iron Articles (review)." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 1110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.1110.

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Authors have reported theses concerning the cast defect for publication in journal of Japanese Foundry Engineering Society and AFS Transactions. This is a review of these reports. There are various factors in the casting defect that occurs in the article of casting metal, and specific of the generation factor is difficult. Moreover, it is necessary to decrease the casting defect to reduce the cost of goods manufactured and energy of production. It is effective to the evaluation and the classification method of the casting defect to employ Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersion Spe

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11

Geľatko, Matúš, Michal Hatala, František Botko, Radoslav Vandžura, and Jiří Hajnyš. "Study of Eddy Current Testing Ability on SLM Aluminium Alloy." Materials 17, no. 14 (2024): 3568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17143568.

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The detection of defects in aluminium alloys using eddy current testing (ECT) can be restricted by higher electrical conductivity. Considering the occurrence of discontinuities during the selective laser melting (SLM) process, checking the ability of the ECT method for the mentioned purpose could bring simple and fast material identification. The research described here is focused on the application of three ECT probes with different frequency ranges (0.3–100 kHz overall) for the identification of artificial defects in SLM aluminium alloy AlSi10Mg. Standard penetration depth for the mentioned

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12

Liu, Xiaochao, Wentao Li, Yunqian Zhen, Luanluan Jia, Yongzhe Li, and Xianjun Pei. "Effect of Process Parameters on Weld Quality in Vortex- Friction Stir Welding of 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy." Materials 16, no. 2 (2023): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020873.

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Vortex- friction stir welding (VFSW) utilizes a stir bar made of an identical material to the workpiece to rub the workpiece’s top surface, which avoids the keyhole defect in conventional friction stir welding. It presents great potential in the repair field of aluminum alloys. In this study, the effect of stir bar diameter, rotation speed, and welding speed on the weld formation was investigated in the VFSW of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy. The weld macrostructure, penetration, and mechanical properties were characterized. The results show that a large diameter of the stir bar can enhance the vortex

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13

Sutejo, Agus Probo, Haerul Ahmadi, and Tasih Mulyono. "IDENTIFICATION OF INCOMPLETE PENETRATION WELDING DEFECTS ON DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHIC FILM FIGURES WITH THE GEOMETRIC INVARIANT MOMENT." Jurnal Forum Nuklir 15, no. 2 (2021): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/jfn.2021.15.2.6283.

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The examination of defects in radiographic films necessitates specialized knowledge, as indicated by an expert radiographer (AR) degree, yet the subjectivity of AR in identifying defects is problematic. To overcome this subjectivity, an automatic welding defect identification is needed. This is executed by using Matlab to create artificial neural networks, which is beneficial for users with the graphical user interface (GUI) feature. One of the breakthroughs in the figure extraction into seven feature vector values is the geometric invariant moment theory. This prevents translation, rotation,

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14

Tulegenova, Malika, Arkady Ilyin, Nazim Guseinov, Gary Beall, and Tilek Kuanyshbekov. "Computer Simulation of the Effect of Structural Defects on the Effectiveness of the Graphene's Protective Properties." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 2 (2019): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8020.

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Graphene has excellent barrier properties, but in practice it is almost impossible to obtain perfect defect-free graphene. In this paper, we carried out theoretical studies of the protective properties of a graphene coating containing structural defects (vacancies and vacancy complexes) and discontinuities (gaps between graphene sheets) from oxygen penetration. Computer models were created and quantum mechanical numerical calculations were performed for a more detailed study and prediction of the studied nanoconstructions properties, using the well-tested DFT-Dmol3 method, widely used by resea

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15

Zhang, Hengquan, Meng Jiang, Xi Chen, et al. "Investigation of Weld Root Defects in High-Power Full-Penetration Laser Welding of High-Strength Steel." Materials 15, no. 3 (2022): 1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15031095.

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The currently available high-power laser shows promising opportunities for the welding of thick plates in a single pass. However, weld-root defect frequently occurs when a high-power laser is used to join thick plates in a full-penetration mode, which has a significantly adverse effect on the serviceability of the weld joint. The purpose of this work is to understand the defect formation mechanism and reduce these defects through controlling welding parameters. In this study, the characteristics of weld root defects were investigated using a 10 kW fiber laser using a program of experiment and

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16

Aranđelović, Mihajlo, Simon Sedmak, Radomir Jovičić, et al. "Numerical and Experimental Investigations of Fracture Behaviour of Welded Joints with Multiple Defects." Materials 14, no. 17 (2021): 4832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14174832.

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Current standards related to welded joint defects (EN ISO 5817) only consider individual cases (i.e., single defect in a welded joint). The question remains about the behaviour of a welded joint in the simultaneous presence of several different types of defects, so-called multiple defects, which is the topic of this research. The main focus is on defects most commonly encountered in practice, such as linear misalignments, undercuts, incomplete root penetration, and excess weld metal. The welding procedure used in this case was metal active gas welding, a common technique when it comes to weldi

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17

Widyawati, Fauzi, and Lino Marano. "IDENTIFIKASI CACAT LASAN FCAW PADA FONDASI MESIN KAPAL MENGGUNAKAN METODE ULTRASONIC TESTING." Jurnal TAMBORA 5, no. 2 (2021): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36761/jt.v5i2.1124.

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Ultrasonic testing is one of the non-destructive inspection methods for welding results. The ultrasonic testing method has several advantages, namely it can be used to analyze the position of the defect in the object, both the depth of the defect and the dimensions of the defect, and it is an environmentally friendly method. Physical defects that are in solid objects of course cannot be known from direct vision so it is necessary to carry out an inspection of an object to see whether or not there are defects that occur in solid objects. Ultrasonic testing of the results of FCAW welding on the

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18

Shiwa, M., A. Yamaguchi, M. Sato, S. Murao, and M. Nagai. "Acoustic Emission Waveform Analysis From Weld Defects in Steel Ring Samples." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 121, no. 1 (1999): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2883671.

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Acoustic emission (AE) signals from weld defects, incomplete penetration (IP), slag inclusion (SI), and porosity (PR), in longitudinal seam welding of UOE steel pipes were evaluated by using an envelope analysis system and waveform analysis system. In test results, the location accuracy of the envelope and the waveform systems during the loading tests were a few 10 mm and a few mm, respectively. AE activity and intensity and waveform type could identify the welding defect types. Three types of AE spherical radiation patterns (AERPs), a monopole mode, a tensile fracture of dipole mode, and a te

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Zhang, Erqing, Shaofeng Wang, Shengrong Zhou, Yannan Li, Shunzhou Huang, and Tao Ma. "Quantitative Evaluation Of Weld Defects Based On Overall Shape Three-Dimensional Reconstruction." Materials Evaluation 82, no. 3 (2024): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32548/2024.me-04357.

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The evaluation of the size of weld defects is crucial in assessing the quality of weld structures. In this study, a novel quantitative evaluation method for weld defects was proposed based on 3D reconstruction using slices. The method includes two significant contributions. First, the supervised defect segmentation method was introduced, which uses the results of the previous slice to supervise the segmentation of the current slice based on slight changes in adjacent defect slices. This ensures accurate segmentation of all defects. Second, the subpixel edge extraction method combining the Cann

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20

Piao, Guanyu, Jiatong Ling, and Jiaoyang Li. "Classification and characterization of coexisting defects from magnetic flux leakage data using deep learning method." AIP Advances 13, no. 1 (2023): 015029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/9.0000451.

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Ferromagnetic materials are widely used in infrastructure, such as steam generators, storage tanks, and gas pipelines. During their service time, ferromagnetic materials are subject to deterioration and defects are prone to generate which could damage infrastructures and cause catastrophic accidents. Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) is one of the widely used nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods to detect and characterize defects in ferromagnetic materials to ensure infrastructure safety. However, many research works have been carried out on the modeling, classification, and characterization of a

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Novita Ramadayanti and Akmal Suryadi. "Welding Quality Control Using The Sqc (Statistical Quality Control) Method In An Effort To Minimize The Occurrence Of Rejects At Pt.Xyz." International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Control Systems Engineering 1, no. 4 (2024): 43–55. https://doi.org/10.61132/ijmicse.v1i4.125.

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PT. XYZ is an international company operating in the energy sector, especially oil and gas, with a focus on fabrication and construction activities for large-scale projects. One of the main production processes that is very influential is welding. To ensure welding quality, PT. XYZ uses the Non-Destructive Testing – Ultrasonic Testing (NDT-UT) method. However, during the inspection process, problems are often found in the form of rejects due to defects that do not meet welding quality standards. Some types of defects detected include LOF (Lack of Fusion), LOP (Lack of Penetration), and ESI (Ex

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Wu, Wenyong, Hongyu Cheng, Jiancheng Pan, Lili Zhong, and Qican Zhang. "Wavelet-Enhanced YOLO for Intelligent Detection of Welding Defects in X-Ray Films." Applied Sciences 15, no. 8 (2025): 4586. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15084586.

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Welding defects threaten structural integrity, demanding efficient and accurate detection methods. Traditional radiographic testing defects interpretation is subjective, necessitating automated solutions to improve accuracy and efficiency. This study integrates wavelet transform convolutions (WTConv) into YOLOv11n, creating WT-YOLO, to enhance defect detection in X-ray films. Wavelet transforms enable multi-resolution analysis, extracting both high-frequency and low-frequency features critical for detecting various welding defects. WT-YOLO replaces standard convolutional layers with WTConv, im

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23

Insua, Pinmanee, Wasawat Nakkiew, Adirek Baisukhan, and Siwasit Pitjamit. "Effect of Back Plate Preheating Assistance System and Deep Rolling Process on Microstructure Defects and Axial Force Reduction of Friction Stir Welded AA6061 Joint." Materials 17, no. 18 (2024): 4447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17184447.

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This study investigates the effects of a back plate preheating assistance system and deep rolling (DR) on axial force and tunnel defects during friction stir welding (FSW). Different preheating configurations—advancing side (AS), retreating side (RS), and both sides—were examined to evaluate their impact on axial force reduction, temperature distribution, and defect minimization. Axial force measurements were taken using a dynamometer, and temperature histories were recorded with a thermal camera. The results demonstrate that a preheating temperature of 200 °C is optimal, reducing axial force

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Yin, Lijun, Jun Wang, Hongxu Yao, Weimin Li, and Kun Wu. "Research on ultrasonic testing of internal defects in silicone rubber insulators of transmission lines." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3043, no. 1 (2025): 012080. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3043/1/012080.

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Abstract This study proposes a method of using ultrasonic technology to detect internal defects in silicone rubber insulators of transmission lines. Different internal defect samples of silicone rubber insulators are selected as the research object. A phased array ultrasonic probe with a sound transmission layer thickness of 1/4 wavelength is selected to perform multi-angle scanning and non-destructive testing on the samples through the direct contact method. A two-dimensional cross-sectional finite element model of the samples is constructed using ANSYS software to analyze the defect situatio

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25

Alnaily, Hosam Almabruk, and Tariq Ramadan Aboalhol. "Evaluation of Weld Defects in Petroleum Pipelines Using X-Ray for MAG, TIG, and SMAW Techniques." International Science and Technology Journal 35, no. 1 (2024): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.62341/hatr0553.

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The integrity of weld joints in petroleum pipelines is critical to ensuring the safe and efficient transport of fluids. This study evaluates the welding quality of pipes using Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), Gas Metal Arc Welding (MAG), and Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (TIG) methods. Thirty-six pipe samples were prepared and welded in the 6G position for each technique. X-ray computed tomography was employed to detect and analyze internal weld defects, adhering to ASME standards for acceptability. Defects such as porosity, incomplete penetration, and undercutting were identified, significantly

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26

Wang, Sicheng, Bin Yan, Xinyue Xu, et al. "Automated Identification and Localization of Rail Internal Defects Based on Object Detection Networks." Applied Sciences 14, no. 2 (2024): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14020805.

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The timely identification of rail internal defects and the application of corresponding preventive measures would greatly reduce catastrophic failures, such as rail breakage. Ultrasonic rail defect detection is the current mainstream rail defect detection method thanks to its advantages of strong penetration, high accuracy, and ease to deploy. The 2D B-scan image output by ultrasonic detectors contains rich features of defects; however, rail engineers manually identify and localize the defect image, which can be time-consuming, and the image may be subject to missing identification or mistakes

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27

Johnson, David A. "The Relationship of Corneal Epithelial Defect Size to Drug Penetration." Archives of Ophthalmology 113, no. 5 (1995): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1995.01100050109039.

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Xiao, Chenglong, Renshu Yang, Chenxi Ding, et al. "Dynamic Fracture Experiment of Medium with Defects under Impact Loading." Shock and Vibration 2021 (February 16, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8860929.

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Defects have a significant effect on the dynamic fracture characteristics of the medium. In this paper, the dynamic fracture experiment of specimens with bias precracks is designed by utilizing the digital laser dynamic caustics system, and the effect of defect eccentricity on the dynamic fracture behavior is studied. Research shows that crack propagation can be divided into four stages: crack initiation stage, attraction stage, repulsion stage, and specimen fracture stage. The change of defect eccentricity has no obvious effect on the crack propagation behavior in the crack initiation stage a

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Stevens Kalceff, M. A., M. R. Phillips, and A. R. Moon. "Cathodoluminescence Investigation of Electron Irradiation Damage in Insulators." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (1997): 749–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600010631.

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Cathodoluminescence (CL) is the luminescent emission from a material which has been irradiated with electrons. Cathodoluminescence microanalysis (spectroscopy and microscopy) in an electron microscope complements the average defect structure information available from complementary techniques (e.g. Photoluminescence, Electron Spin Resonance spectroscopy). CL microanalysis enables both pre-existing and irradiation induced local variations in the bulk and surface defect structure to be characterized with high spatial (lateral and depth) resolution and sensitivity. This is possible as electron be

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Casalino, Giuseppe, Sabina Luisa Campanelli, and Fabrizio Memola Capece Minutolo. "Neuro-Fuzzy Model for the Prediction and Classification of the Fused Zone Levels of Imperfections in Ti6Al4V Alloy Butt Weld." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/952690.

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Weld imperfections are tolerable defects as stated from the international standard. Nevertheless they can produce a set of drawbacks like difficulty to assembly, reworking, limited fatigue life, and surface imperfections. In this paper Ti6Al4V titanium butt welds were produced by CO2laser welding. The following tolerable defects were analysed: weld undercut, excess weld metal, excessive penetration, incomplete filled groove, root concavity, and lack of penetration. A neuro-fuzzy model for the prediction and classification of the defects in the fused zone was built up using the experimental dat

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Ashebir, Demeke Abay, Andreas Hendlmeier, Michelle Dunn, et al. "Detecting Multi-Scale Defects in Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing of Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites: A Review of Challenges and Advanced Non-Destructive Testing Techniques." Polymers 16, no. 21 (2024): 2986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16212986.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) defects present significant challenges in fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites (FRTPCs), directly impacting both their structural and non-structural performance. In structures produced through material extrusion-based AM, specifically fused filament fabrication (FFF), the layer-by-layer deposition can introduce defects such as porosity (up to 10–15% in some cases), delamination, voids, fiber misalignment, and incomplete fusion between layers. These defects compromise mechanical properties, leading to reduction of up to 30% in tensile strength and, in some cases

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Hua, Liang, Peng Xue, Jin Ping Tang, Hui Jin, and Qi Zhang. "Welding Defects Classification Based on Multi-Weights Neural Network." Advanced Materials Research 820 (September 2013): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.820.130.

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Incomplete fusion and incomplete penetration are two types of damage serious welding defects. These two kinds of defects have the similarity in the features in X-ray imaging. Identifying the two kinds of defects automatically and accurately can improve the welding technology and improve the quality of welding effectively. The causes of defects and features of X-ray images are described in the paper. The welding defects calssification method based on multi-weights neural network is put forward in the paper. The multi-weights neural network based on graphic geometry theory is introduced, which u

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Yang, Ling, Bo Dang, Zhiping Ren, et al. "Uniform Circular-Array-Based Borehole Pulsed Eddy-Current System for Asymmetry Defect Inspection in Downhole Casings." Electronics 11, no. 13 (2022): 2030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11132030.

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The inspection of wellbore casings has been extensively investigated owing to the increasing concern for safety in oil and gas production. However, efficient techniques for inspecting asymmetry defects have not been achieved. In this study, we developed a uniform circular array (UCA) to address the problem of borehole pulsed eddy current (PEC) techniques for asymmetry defect inspection in downhole casings. Based on the borehole PEC system model, the UCA developed with multiple independent probes was designed to achieve asymmetry defect inspection, and the three-dimensional magnetic field data

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Zhang, Rui, Na Zhao, Liuhu Fu, Lihu Pan, Xiaolu Bai, and Renwang Song. "Ultrasonic diagnosis method for stainless steel weld defects based on multi-domain feature fusion." Sensor Review 42, no. 2 (2022): 214–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-08-2021-0272.

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Purpose This paper aims to propose a new ultrasonic diagnosis method for stainless steel weld defects based on multi-domain feature fusion to solve two problems in the ultrasonic diagnosis of austenitic stainless steel weld defects. These are insufficient feature extraction and subjective dependence of diagnosis model parameters. Design/methodology/approach To express the richness of the one-dimensional (1D) signal information, the 1D ultrasonic testing signal was derived to the two-dimensional (2D) time-frequency domain. Multi-scale depthwise separable convolution was also designed to optimiz

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Liu, Cheng Cai, and Jing Shan He. "Numerical Prediction of Shrinkage Defect in Aluminum Alloy Electron Beam Weld Based on Niyama Criterion Program." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.130.

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The root shrinkage cavity (SCRT) is one special kind of high-energy welding defect which can remarkably decreases mechanical strength and induces fatigue crack, so it is of great significance to numerically study its formation mechanism. In this paper, a set of Niyama criterion program based on temperature field was developed and adopted to numerically predict it in non-penetration 2219 aluminum alloy electron beam weld. The results indicate that the formation possibility of SCRT defect decreases with the increased welding speed. In addition, the error of simulated SCRT in the weld penetration

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An, Feipeng, Qilong Gong, Guoxiang Xu, Tan Zhang, Qingxian Hu, and Jie Zhu. "Simulation Study on Weld Formation in Full Penetration Laser + MIG Hybrid Welding of Copper Alloy." Materials 13, no. 23 (2020): 5307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13235307.

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Considering the coupling of a droplet, keyhole, and molten pool, a three-dimensional transient model for the full penetration laser + metal inert gas (MIG) hybrid welding of thin copper alloy plate was established, which is able to simulate the temperature and velocity fields, keyhole behavior, and generation of the welding defect. Based on the experimental and simulation results, the weld formation mechanism for the hybrid butt welding of a 2 mm-thick copper alloy plate was comparatively studied in terms of the fluid dynamic feature of the melt pool. For single laser welding, the dynamic beha

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Lin, Frank Cheau-Feng, Ming-Chih Chou, Kee-Ching Jeng, and Stella Chin-Shaw Tsai. "Vascular-penetration defect detected in parietal pleura of primary spontaneous pneumothorax." Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery 19, no. 5 (2014): 861–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivu229.

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Peng, Ming, Dengyi Wang, Liu Liu, Zhenming Shi, Jian Shen, and Fuan Ma. "Recent Advances in the GPR Detection of Grouting Defects behind Shield Tunnel Segments." Remote Sensing 13, no. 22 (2021): 4596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13224596.

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Injecting grout into the gaps between tunnel shield segments and surrounding rocks can reduce ground subsidence and prevent ground water penetration. However, insufficient grouting and grouting defects may cause serious geological disasters. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is widely used as a nondestructive testing (NDT) method to evaluate grouting quality and determine the existence of defects. This paper provides an overview of GPR applications for grouting defect detection behind tunnel shield segments. State-of-the-art methodologies, field cases, experimental tests and signal processing met

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Santos, Telmo G., Rosa M. Miranda, and Pedro Vilaça. "Friction Stir Welding Assisted by Electrical Joule Effect to Overcome Lack of Penetration in Aluminium Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 611-612 (May 2014): 763–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.611-612.763.

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Friction stir welding assisted by electrical joule effect is a development of conventional friction stir welding with the ability to eliminate or minimize the root defects by lack of penetration. The lack of penetration, mainly relevant in the welding of aluminium alloys, still constitute one major constrain to a wider dissemination of friction stir welding into industrial applications. The concept is based on assisting friction stir welding by an external electrical heat source integrated in the FSW tool. The innovative tool feature enables to increase the temperature in the weld root by Joul

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Zhang, Rui Jin. "Effect of Steel-Concrete Interface on Reinforcement Corrosion in Marine Environment." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 1311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.1311.

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This paper dealt with the influence of the steel-concrete interface quality and environmental conditions on reinforcement corrosion. High size concrete members were cast to get different interface quality decreased with the height of rebar due to the top-bar effect. Five groups of specimen with two concrete covers have subjected to different exposed programs. The experimental results showed that the concrete cover significantly influenced corrosion initiation and corrosion rate by blocking the penetration of aggressive agents. The height of rebar affected the corrosion initiation because of th

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Li, Xingrong, Zengsiche Chen, Ya Xu, et al. "Pumping Induced Hydraulic Gradient Driven Tracer Migration through Defects: Implications for Rapid Detection of Leakage in Vertical Flexible Barrier." Water 15, no. 10 (2023): 1882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15101882.

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Vertical flexible barriers (VFBs) are widely used for contaminant source separation and risk control. Inherent or externally caused damage to a VFB can affect its effectiveness in pollution containment and control, but its effective detection is a major challenge due to its concealed nature. This paper presents a combined pumping and tracer approach to detect defects in VFBs. A high-performance model is used to model the detection process revealing the migration and distribution behavior of the tracer in the triple media system of wellbore–aquifer–VFB to better understand the effectiveness of

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Contreras Ortiz, Antonio, Ricardo Rioda Santiago, Daniel E. Hernandez, and Miguel Lopez-Montiel. "Multiclass Evaluation of Vision Transformers for Industrial Welding Defect Detection." Mathematical and Computational Applications 30, no. 2 (2025): 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/mca30020024.

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Automating industrial processes, particularly quality inspection, is a key objective in manufacturing. While welding tasks are frequently automated, inspection processes remain largely manual. Advances in computer vision and AI, especially ViTs, now enable more effective defect detection and classification, offering opportunities to automate these workflows. This study evaluates ViTs for identifying defects in aluminum welding using the Aluminum 5083 TIG dataset. The analysis spans binary classification (detecting defects) and multiclass categorization (Good Weld, Burn Through, Contamination,

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Wang, Jianxiu, Pengfei Liu, Jian Hu, et al. "Mechanism of Detecting the Construction Quality of a Diaphragm Wall by an Infrared Thermal Field and Engineering Application." Materials 16, no. 3 (2023): 1052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16031052.

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During underground space exploitation in the urbanization process, numerous foundation pits were constructed where a diaphragm wall was often used as a retaining structure and waterproof curtain. Due to complicated engineering geological conditions or improper construction, diaphragm walls and wall joints often exhibit quality defects. Groundwater leaked from these quality defects to foundation pits during excavation, endangering the safety of the pit and surrounding facilities. The current leakage identification of the underground retaining structure was performed by artificial visual detecti

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Gurevich, L. M., V. F. Danenko, and A. A. Istrati. "SIMULATION OF THE STRESSED-DEFORMED STATE OF A RING WELDED CONNECTION WITH LACK OF FUSION." IZVESTIA VOLGOGRAD STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 6(241) (June 29, 2020): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35211/1990-5297-2020-6-241-46-52.

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Computer modeling of changes in stresses and strains under axial tension of pipes with a ring mechanically inhomogeneous welded joint was carried out. Annular mechanically inhomogeneous welded joint had an different mechanical properties of the joint, heat-affected zone and base metal. A defect of the type of lack of fusion of various geometric sizes is present in the welded joint. The maximum stresses during axial tension develop in the zone of lack of penetration, which is a stress concentrator. The stress concentration values for various extent of the defect are determined. The distribution

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Li, Yanfeng, Pengyu Gao, Yongbiao Luo, et al. "Automatic Detection and Classification of Natural Weld Defects Using Alternating Magneto-Optical Imaging and ResNet50." Sensors 24, no. 23 (2024): 7649. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24237649.

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It is difficult to detect and identify natural defects in welded components. To solve this problem, according to the Faraday magneto-optical (MO) effect, a nondestructive testing system for MO imaging, excited by an alternating magnetic field, is established. For the acquired MO images of crack, pit, lack of penetration, gas pore, and no defect, Gaussian filtering, bilateral filtering, and median filtering are applied for image preprocessing. The effectiveness of these filtering methods is evaluated using metrics such as peak signal–noise ratio (PSNR) and mean squared error. Principal componen

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Мороз, А. Н., А. Н. Максимова, В. А. Кашурников та И. А. Руднев. "Динамические вихревые состояния в высокотемпературных сверхпроводниках при импульсном намагничивании". Физика твердого тела 62, № 5 (2020): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2020.05.49226.25m.

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By using the Monte Carlo method, numerical modeling of the vortex system of a Bi-2212 superconductor in a ramping external magnetic field has been carried out for different ramp-rates. The influence of concentration and distribution of pinning centers on the magnetic flux penetration has been studied. Features of flux penetration have been observed and described in terms of the vortex system dynamics, the conditions for their occurrence have been determined. Ascending dependences of the saturation field on defect concentration have been obtained for homogeneous and inhomogeneous samples.

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Goliney, I. Yu, and V. V. Stepkova. "Migration kinetics of primary radiation defects at nonuniform irradiation." Nuclear Physics and Atomic Energy 10, no. 1 (2009): 71–75. https://doi.org/10.15407/jnpae2009.01.071.

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The migration of interstitial atoms and vacancies under nonuniform irradiation is theoretically studied. The possibility of the formation of regions with increased concentration of point defects of certain kind in crystals with low concentration of dislocatios at the surface and at Bragg peak is demonstrated. The region of the penetration of interstitials beyond the irradiated area is estimated. It might be of order of 0.02 cm at the dislocation density 104 cm-2. The difference of the flows of interstitials and vacancies changes its sign in process of irradiation which can lead to different pr

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ZHANG, Bing-gang, Ming-xiao SHI, Guo-qing CHEN, and Ji-cai FENG. "Microstructure and defect of titanium alloy electron beam deep penetration welded joint." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 22, no. 11 (2012): 2633–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(11)61510-0.

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Arif, Sajad, Masood Laharwal, Altaf Ramzan, and Uday Raswan. "Attempted Suicide with Needle Penetration through Cranial Defect: A Rare Case Report." Indian Journal of Neurotrauma 13, no. 02 (2016): 104–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1586217.

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BOUARISSA, N., and A. B. WALKER. "A COMPUTER SIMULATION OF SLOW-POSITRON IMPLANTATION DEPTHS IN ALUMINUM." International Journal of Modern Physics B 14, no. 15 (2000): 1603–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979200001400.

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The mean penetration depths and stopping profiles of positrons with incident energies up to 10 keV impinging on semi-infinite aluminum with normal and oblique angles of incidence are stochastically modelled within a Monte-Carlo framework. The elastic scattering cross sections have been obtained from a partial wave expansion. To model inelastic core and valence electron excitation, we have used the Gryzinski's expression. Our simulated results agree very well with the available experimental data and clearly demonstrate that the mean penetration depths are not adequately described by the simple

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