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Journal articles on the topic 'Penicillin G Penicillin G'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Higazi, Abd Al-Roof, and Michael Mayer. "In Vitro Inhibition of Urokinase by Penicillins." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 60, no. 02 (1988): 305–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1647049.

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SummaryUrokinase activity was assayed by a two-stage globinolytic method and by a direct chromogenic assay. With both methods, the enzyme activity was found to be inhibited by penicillins. The inhibition by penicillin G, carbenicillin, cloxacillin and penicilloic acid was dose-dependent. The Kj of penicillin G and urokinase with the S-2444 as substrate is 4 mM. This compound exhibited a competitive pattern of inhibition. Ampicillin and 6-amino penicillanic acid failed to inhibit urokinase. These results imply that hydrophobic side chains of penicillins interact with the active site of urokinas

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2

Wolfe, Saul, Maged Khalil, and Donald Fredric Weaver. "MMPEN: Development and evaluation of penicillin parameters for Allinger's MMP2(85)programme." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 11 (1988): 2715–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v88-423.

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A set of parameters, termed MMPEN, has been determined for the bicyclic nucleus of penicillin, which, in conjunction with the appropriate parameters from MMPEP and the internally stored parameters of the program, allow Allinger's force field and MMP2(85) program to be applied to the molecular mechanics treatment of penicillins. The MMPEN parameters are based on crystallographic heavy atom bond lengths and bond angles, vibrational spectra, and molecular orbital calculations. The parameters reproduce the experimental crystal structures of several penicillins, including penicillin G and penicilli

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3

Torres, Leticia L., Ángel Cantero, Mercedes del Valle, et al. "Engineering the Substrate Specificity of a Thermophilic Penicillin Acylase from Thermus thermophilus." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 5 (2012): 1555–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03215-12.

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ABSTRACTA homologue of theEscherichia colipenicillin acylase is encoded in the genomes of several thermophiles, including in differentThermus thermophilusstrains. Although the natural substrate of this enzyme is not known, this acylase shows a marked preference for penicillin K over penicillin G. Three-dimensional models were created in which the catalytic residues and the substrate binding pocket were identified. Through rational redesign, residues were replaced to mimic the aromatic binding site of theE. colipenicillin G acylase. A set of enzyme variants containing between one and four amino

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4

Kaplan, Edward L. "Benzathine Penicillin G." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 31, no. 7 (2012): 726–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/inf.0b013e318259b75c.

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5

Wang, Jian. "Confirmatory Determination of Six Penicillins in Honey by Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization–Tandem Mass Spectrometry." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 87, no. 1 (2004): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/87.1.45.

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Abstract A confirmatory method for 6 penicillin antibiotics (amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin G, oxacillin, cloxacillin, and dicloxacillin) in honey is presented that allows determination and confirmation of identity of the antibiotics at trace levels. The method includes the use of a stable isotope-labeled internal standard benzyl (d7-phenyl) penicillate and removal of sugar and other substances by solvent and solid-phase extraction. The honey extracts are then analyzed for penicillin residues by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry. Mass spectral acquisit

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6

Kado, Joseph H., Sam Salman, Robert Henderson, et al. "Subcutaneous administration of benzathine benzylpenicillin G has favourable pharmacokinetic characteristics for the prevention of rheumatic heart disease compared with intramuscular injection: a randomized, crossover, population pharmacokinetic study in healthy adult volunteers." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 75, no. 10 (2020): 2951–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaa282.

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Abstract Background Benzathine penicillin G has been used as monthly deep intramuscular (IM) injections since the 1950s for secondary prevention of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Injection frequency and pain are major programmatic barriers for adherence, prompting calls for development of better long-acting penicillin preparations to prevent RHD. We hypothesized that subcutaneous (SC) administration of benzathine penicillin G could delay penicillin absorption when compared with IM injections. Methods To compare the pharmacokinetic profile and tolerability of benzathin

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7

Kurzątkowski, Wieslaw, and Anita Gębska-Kuczerowska. "Pexophagy in Penicillin G Secretion by Penicillium chrysogenum PQ-96." Polish Journal of Microbiology 65, no. 3 (2016): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/17331331.1215616.

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Penicillin G oversecretion by Penicillium chrysogenum PQ-96 is associated with a strictly adjusted cellular organization of the mature and senescent mycelial cells. Abundant vacuolar phagy and extended cellular vacuolization combined with vacuolar budding resulting in the formation of vacuolar vesicles that fuse with the cell membrane are the most important characteristic features of those cells. We suggest as follows: if the peroxisomes are integrated into vacuoles, the penicillin G formed in peroxisomes might be transferred to vacuoles and later secreted out of the cells by an exocytosis pro

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8

KURZĄTKOWSKI, WIESŁAW, MONIKA STANISZEWSKA, MAŁGORZATA BONDARYK, and ANITA GĘBSKA-KUCZEROWSKA. "Compartmentalization in Penicillin G Biosynthesis by Penicillium chrysogenum PQ-96." Polish Journal of Microbiology 63, no. 4 (2014): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2014-054.

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The arrangement of organelles in the sub-apical productive non-growing vacuolated hyphal cells of the high- and the low-penicillin-pro- ducing strains Penicillium chrysogenum was compared using transmission electron microscopy. In the productive cells of the high-yielding strain the endoplasmic reticulum and the polyribosomes with associated peroxisomes are frequently arranged at the periphery of the cytoplasm and around the vacuoles. At the high activity of penicillin G biosynthesis the immuno-label of the cytosolic isopenicillin N synthase is concentrated at the polyribosomes arranged in the

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9

Wolfe, Saul, Kiyull Yang, and Maged Khalil. "Conformation–activity relationships and the mechanism of action of penicillin." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 11 (1988): 2733–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v88-424.

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Using the MMPEN parameters of Allinger's MMP2(85) force field, a conformational analysis has been performed on four biologically active penicillins; D-ampicillin, L-α-phenoxyethylpenicillin, penicillin G, and penicillin V, and on five biologically inactive or much less active penicillins: L-ampicillin, D-α-phenoxyethylpenicillin, N-methylpenicillin G, 6α-methylpenicillin G, and bisnorpenicillin G. Antibacterial activity is found to be associated with the existence of a global minimum having a compact structure, whose convex face is accessible to a penicillin binding protein (PBP), with the C3-

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10

Pourreza, Nahid, Mohammad Reza Fat'hi, and Ali Hatami. "Determination of Penicillin G in Milk Samples Using Its Effect on Cloud Point Extraction of Triiodide Ion." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 97, no. 4 (2014): 1225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.13-113.

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Abstract A cloud point extraction (CPE) method for determination of trace amounts of penicillin G by spectrophotometry based on its effect on the triiodide ion (I3–) has been developed. Penicillin G is converted to the corresponding penicilloic acid by carrying out hydrolysis with sodium hydroxide solution, and treatment with acid yields D-penicillamine that is oxidized quantitatively by iodine to give rise to a disulfide. The I3– remaining in the solution is extracted into the surfactant Triton X-100, and the difference between absorbance of the working solution in the presence and absence of

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11

Nawfa, Refdinal, Adi Setyo Purnomo, and Herdayanto Sulistyo Putro. "Synthesis of Antibiotic Penicillin-G Enzymatically by Penicillium chrysogenum." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 10 (2019): 2367–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.21766.

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Penicillin-G antibiotic was used as the basic ingredient of making antibiotic type β-lactam such as tetracycline, amoxicillin, ampicillin and other antibiotics. Penicillin-G was splited into 6-amino penicillanic acid as the source of β-lactam. The biosynthetic pathway for the formation of penicillin-G in Penicillium chrysogenum cell through the formation of intermediates was carried out in the form of amino acids such as α-aminoadipate, L-cysteine, L-valine which are formed from glucose (food ingredients).The formation of 6-amino penicillanic acid is an amino acid combination of L-cysteine and

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12

Polonevich, A. G., S. M. Leschev, A. I. Palianskikh, and L. L. Belyshava. "Extraction sample preparation for chromatographic determination of residual quantities of acidic penicillins in milk." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Chemical Series 57, no. 3 (2021): 286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8331-2021-57-3-286-.

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The distribution of six acid-type penicillins (penicillin G, penicillin V, oxacillin, cloxacillin, nafcillin, dicloxacillin) in the extraction systems of chloroform–aqueous solutions of ammonium sulfate was studied. The reported distribution coefficients values of penicillins demonstrated the effectiveness of using ammonium sulfate as a salting-out agent. Based on the data obtained, a procedure for milk sample preparation was developed for the quantification of the residual content of six acid-type penicillins.

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13

Baldwin, Jack E., Edward P. Abraham, Geoffrey L. Burge, and Hong-Hoi Ting. "Penicillin biosynthesis: direct biosynthetic formation of penicillin V and penicillin G." Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, no. 24 (1985): 1808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39850001808.

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14

Wiharyani, Risma, Dudi Hardianto, Hermin Pancasakti Kusumaningrum, and Anto Budiharjo. "Kloning Gen pcbC dari Penicillium chrysogenum ke dalam Plasmid pPICZA untuk Pengembangan Produksi Penisilin G." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 16, no. 1 (2014): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.16.1.33-38.

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Availability of drugs in Indonesia is still limited by the high prices of drugs due to on the imported raw materials that reaches 95%. Developing antibiotic raw materials can be achieved by increasing of penicillin G production, which is the raw material for the formation of semisynthetic penicillin derivatives through the production of 6-aminopenisillanic acid (6-APA). One of the important enzyme in the penicillin G biosynthesis is Isopenisilin N Synthase (IPNS) that encodes by pcbC gene on Penicillium chrysogenum. This study aimed to obtain a recombinant of pcbC gene fragments that is insert

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15

Soloshenko, E. N., A. K. Kondakova, V. G. Kolesnikov, N. V. Khmil, Z. M. Shevchenko, and T. P. Yarmak. "INVESTIGATION OF SENSITISATION TO PENICILLIN G." Dermatology and Venerology, no. 2 (2019): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33743/2308-1066-2019-2-35-39.

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16

Přibyl, M., R. Chmelı́ková, P. Hasal, and M. Marek. "Penicillin G hydrolysis in an electro-membrane reactor with immobilized penicillin G acylase." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 33, no. 6 (2003): 793–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-0229(03)00243-6.

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17

Labischinski, Harald, Dieter Naumann, Gerhard Barnickel, et al. "Comparison between the Molecular and Crystal Structures of a Benzylpenicillin Ester and its Corresponding Sulfoxide with Drastically Reduced Biological Activity." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 42, no. 3 (1987): 367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1987-0320.

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A comparative X-ray structure determination was performed to elucidate possible conformational differences between penicillins and penicillin sulfoxides. Penicillin-G-acetoxy-methylester and its β-oxide were used as model substances, because the only chemical difference between both compounds resides in the thiazolidine ring sulfur oxidation. On the basis of the X-ray data as well as of infrared measurements it is discussed that the drastically reduced biological activity of the penicillin-G-sulfoxide might be related to conformational differences in thiazolidine ring puckering or, even more s

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18

Bedlack, Richard. "ALSUntangled 46: penicillin G/hydrocortisone." Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration 20, no. 1-2 (2018): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21678421.2018.1512704.

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19

Napoli, Diane C., and Teresa A. Neeno. "Anaphylaxis to Benzathine Penicillin G." Pediatric Asthma, Allergy & Immunology 14, no. 4 (2000): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/088318700750070439.

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20

Kaya, Engin, and Sercan Yilmaz. "Penicillin G-induced hemorrhagic cystitis." Korean Journal of Internal Medicine 30, no. 5 (2015): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3904/kjim.2015.30.5.742.

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21

Uboh, Cornelius E., Lawrence R. Soma, Yi Luo, et al. "Pharmacokinetics of penicillin G procaine versus penicillin G potassium and procaine hydrochloride in horses." American Journal of Veterinary Research 61, no. 7 (2000): 811–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.811.

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22

Pulgarin, J. Murillo, A. Alañón Molina, and J. Rodríguez Flores. "Simultaneous Determination of Procaine Penicillin G and Benzathine Penicillin G by Second Derivative Spectrophotometry." Analytical Letters 25, no. 7 (1992): 1275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032719208016128.

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23

Iskandar, Burhanuddin, Bambang Madiyono, Sudigdo Sastroasmoro, Sukman T. Putra, Mulyadi M. Djer, and Anis Karuniawati. "Comparison of minimal inhibitory and bactericidal capacity of oral penicillin V with benzathine penicillin G to Streptococcus beta--hemolyticus group A in children with rheumatic heart disease." Paediatrica Indonesiana 48, no. 3 (2016): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi48.3.2008.152-5.

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Background Injection ofbenzatine penicillin G (BPG) every 28days is still the drug of choice for secondary prevention of rheu-matic heart disease (RHD). BPG sometimes poses problems dueto pain at the injection site, possible anaphylaxis, and is not alwaysavailable. Some centers choose oral penicillin over BPG.Objectives To compare minimal inhibitory capacity (MIC) andminimal bactericidal capacity (MBC) of oral penicillin V serumwith those of BPG among SGA infected RHD.Methods This was a clinical trial with crossover design study tocompare MIC of penicillin V and BPG. Outcome measures wereMIC a

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24

HONG, CHIH-CHUN, and FUSAO KONDO. "Simultaneous Determination and Identification of Penicillin Residues by High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis." Journal of Food Protection 60, no. 8 (1997): 1006–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-60.8.1006.

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A new method was developed for simultaneous determination and identification of seven penicillins (amoxicillin, ampicillin, methicillin, penicillin G, oxacillin, cloxacillin, and dicloxacillin) in bovine serum. Each sample was simply extracted with acetonitrile, and identification of the reaction products of penicillins after treatment with 1,2,4-triazole-HgCl2 solution was then carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with on ultraviolet spectrophotometric detector at 325 nm. Separation of the penicillin reaction products by HPLC was carried out by using a mobile phase of

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25

Tyczkowska, Krystyna, and Arthur L. Aronson. "Ion-Pair Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Some Penicillins in Canine and Equine Sera." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 71, no. 4 (1988): 773–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/71.4.773.

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Abstract A sensitive liquid chromatographic method was developed for determining oxacillin, cloxacillin, and dicloxacillin (simultaneously), and penicillin G, amoxicillin, carbenicillin, and ticarcillin in canine and/ or equine serum. The method involves filtering diluted serum through a 30 000 molecular weight cut-off filter and separating penicillins from other serum components by ion-pair liquid chromatography using a reverse-phase column eluted with acetonitrile-water solutions. The ultraviolet absorbance of the column effluent was monitored at 230 nm. Recoveries of oxacillin, cloxacillin,

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26

Sidal, M., F. Oguz, A. Unuvar, G. Sarbat, and O. Neyzi. "Trial of Co-trimoxazole Versus Procaine Penicillin G and Benzathin Penicillin + Procaine Penicillin G in the Treatment of Childhood Pneumonia." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 40, no. 5 (1994): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/40.5.301.

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27

CHIRICA, LAURA-CHRISTINA, TÜLİN GÜRAY, G. CANDAN GÜRAKAN та T. FARUK BOZOĞLU. "Characterization of Extracellular β-Lactamases from Penicillin G-Resistant Cells of Streptococcus thermophilus". Journal of Food Protection 61, № 7 (1998): 896–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-61.7.896.

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In this study, biochemical properties of two extracellular β-lactamases produced by penicillin-resistant Streptococcus thermophilus cells were investigated. Both β-lactamases showed specificity for penicillins but not for cephaloridins. The β-lactamases exhibited different affinities for penicillin G. The one with the higher molecular weight (FI) had a Km value of 3.44 μM and a Vmax value of 8.33 μmol/min/mg of protein, whereas the β-lactamase with the lower molecular weight (FII) had a Km value of 4.76 μM and a Vmax value of 3.13 μmol/min/mg of protein. Both β-lactamases were inhibited by iod

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28

Pulgarín, J. A. Murillo, and A. Alañón Molina. "Determination of Procaine Penicillin G and Penicillin G by Second Derivative Spectrophotometry in Pharmaceutical Products." Analytical Letters 26, no. 9 (1993): 1919–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032719308017440.

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29

Boison, Joe O. K., Lily J.-Y. Keng, and James D. Macneil. "Analysis of Penicillin G in Milk by Liquid Chromatography." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 77, no. 3 (1994): 565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/77.3.565.

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Abstract A liquid chromatographic (LC) method that was previously developed for penicillin G residues in animal tissues has been adapted to milk and milk products. After protein precipitation with sodium tungstate, samples are applied to a C18 solid-phase extraction cartridge, from which penicillin is eluted, derivatized with 1,2,4-triazole-mercuric chloride solution, and analyzed by isocratic liquid chromatography (LC) on a C18 column with UV detection at 325 nm. Quantitation is done with reference to penicillin V as an internal standard. Penicillin G recoveries were determined to be &gt;

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30

Harbarth, Stephan. "Antibiotic policy and penicillin-G shortage." Lancet 355, no. 9215 (2000): 1650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)72558-7.

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31

PETER, GEORGES, and MICHAEL N. DUDLEY. "Clinical pharmacology of benzathine penicillin G." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 4, no. 5 (1985): 586–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-198509000-00059.

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32

GUISÁN, JOSÉ M., GREGORIO ALVARO, and ROBERTO FERNANDEZ-LAFUENTE. "Immobilization-Stabilization of Penicillin G Acylase." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 613, no. 1 Enzyme Engine (1990): 552–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb18219.x.

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33

Koetsier, Martijn J., Peter A. Jekel, Marco A. van den Berg, Roel A. L. Bovenberg, and Dick B. Janssen. "Characterization of a phenylacetate–CoA ligase from Penicillium chrysogenum." Biochemical Journal 417, no. 2 (2008): 467–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20081257.

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Enzymatic activation of PAA (phenylacetic acid) to phenylacetyl-CoA is an important step in the biosynthesis of the β-lactam antibiotic penicillin G by the fungus Penicillium chrysogenum. CoA esters of PAA and POA (phenoxyacetic acid) act as acyl donors in the exchange of the aminoadipyl side chain of isopenicillin N to produce penicillin G or penicillin V. The phl gene, encoding a PCL (phenylacetate–CoA ligase), was cloned in Escherichia coli as a maltose-binding protein fusion and the biochemical properties of the enzyme were characterized. The recombinant fusion protein converted PAA into p

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34

Zuza, Milena, Slavica Siler-Marinkovic, and Zorica Knezevic. "Immobilization of penicillin acylase from Escherichia coli on commercial sepabeads EC-EP carrier." Acta Periodica Technologica, no. 38 (2007): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt0738173z.

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This paper describes the covalent immobilization of penicillin G acylase from Escherichia coli on sepabeads EC-EP, an epoxy-activated polymethacrylic carrier and kinetic properties of the immobilized enzyme. The selected enzyme belongs to a class of biocatalysts whose industrial interest is due to their versatility to mediate hydrolysis of penicillins and semi-synthetic ?-lactam antibiotics synthesis reactions. About 2.7 mg of the pure enzyme was immobilized onto each gram of sepabeads with an enzyme coupling yield of 96.9%. However, it seems that the activity coupling yield is not correlated

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35

Marciniak-Rusek, A., and L. Paśś-Dziegielewska. "The use of immobilized penicillin acylase for estimation of penicillin G." Acta Biochimica Polonica 40, no. 1 (1993): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.1993_4856.

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36

Hagdrup, H. K., Lange Wantzin, L. Secher, and Thamdrup Rosdahl. "Penicillin Concentrations in Serum Following Weekly Injections of Benzathine Penicillin G." Chemotherapy 32, no. 2 (1986): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000238397.

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37

Broderick, Michael P., Christian J. Hansen, and Dennis J. Faix. "Factors Associated With Loss of Penicillin G Concentrations in Serum After Intramuscular Benzathine Penicillin G Injection." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 31, no. 7 (2012): 722–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/inf.0b013e31825051d4.

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38

Žuža, M. G., B. M. Obradović, and Z. D. Knežević-Jugović. "Hydrolysis of Penicillin G by Penicillin G Acylase Immobilized on Chitosan Microbeads in Different Reactor Systems." Chemical Engineering & Technology 34, no. 10 (2011): 1706–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201100297.

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39

Alvaro, Gregorio, Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente, Rosa M. Blanco, and JoséM Guisán. "Stabilizing effect of penicillin G sulfoxide, a competitive inhibitor of penicillin G acylase: Its practical applications." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 13, no. 3 (1991): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-0229(91)90130-3.

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40

NAGATAHIRA, Ryoichi, Kiyoshi KURIYAMA, Junichi YOSHIDA, and Ichiro YOSHINAKA. "Antigenicity of Penicillin G in the Guinea Pig." Experimental Animals 38, no. 2 (1989): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1538/expanim1978.38.2_147.

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41

Hagstrand Aldman, Malin, and Lisa I. Påhlman. "Evaluation of penicillin G susceptibility testing methods for Staphylococcus lugdunensis." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 75, no. 5 (2020): 1206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaa004.

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Abstract Background Staphylococcus lugdunensis belongs to the CoNS group, but is regarded to be more virulent than most other CoNS. It is also remarkably susceptible to antibiotics, including penicillin G. Objectives To evaluate different methods for penicillin susceptibility testing, to assess penicillin susceptibility rates among S. lugdunensis and to describe the clinical presentation including antibiotic treatment. Methods Clinical isolates of S. lugdunensis were tested for penicillin susceptibility using disc diffusion according to CLSI (10 U disc) and EUCAST (1 U disc), assessment of zon

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42

Jiang, Bin, Zhi Biao Feng, Chun Hong Liu, Ying Cao Xu, Dong Mei Li, and Guo Ji. "Partitioning Behavior of Penicillin G in Aqueous Two Phase System Based on Ionic Liquids." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 324–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.324.

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An aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) was presented with hydrophilic ionic liquid 1-Butyl-3-methylimid-azolium tetrafluoroborate ([BmiBF4) and salts for the extraction of penicillin G in this paper. The phase forming abilities of different salts were investigated to choose a suitable salt.The partitioning behavior of penicillin G in the ATPS was investigated.Concentrations of (NH4)2SO4, penicillin G, and [BmiBF4 were evaluated to determine their effects on the extraction yield of penicillin G. It was found that extraction yield strongly depended on the concentration of [BmiBF4, penicillin and (NH

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43

Leonard, Cory Ann, Frederic Dewez, and Nicole Borel. "Penicillin G-Induced Chlamydial Stress Response in a Porcine Strain ofChlamydia pecorum." International Journal of Microbiology 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3832917.

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Chlamydia pecorumcauses asymptomatic infection and pathology in ruminants, pigs, and koalas. We characterized the antichlamydial effect of the beta lactam penicillin G onChlamydia pecorumstrain 1710S (porcine abortion isolate). Penicillin-exposed and mock-exposed infected host cells showed equivalent inclusions numbers. Penicillin-exposed inclusions contained aberrant bacterial forms and exhibited reduced infectivity, while mock-exposed inclusions contained normal bacterial forms and exhibited robust infectivity. Infectious bacteria production increased upon discontinuation of penicillin expos

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44

Lee, Sang Chul, Tae Ho Hong, Ok-Hee Kim, et al. "A Novel Way of Preventing Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula by Directly Injecting Profibrogenic Materials into the Pancreatic Parenchyma." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 5 (2020): 1759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051759.

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This paper aims to validate if intrapancreatic injection of penicillin G can enhance hardness and suture holding capacity (SHC) of the pancreas through prompting the fibrosis process. Soft pancreatic texture is constantly mentioned as one of the most contributory predictors of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF). Soft pancreas has poor SHC and higher incidence of parenchymal tearing, frequently leading to POPF. From a library of 114 antibiotic compounds, we identified that penicillin G substantially enhanced pancreatic hardness and SHC in experimental mice. Specifically, we injected penici

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Korsrud, G. O., J. O. Boison, M. G. Papich, et al. "Depletion of penicillin G residues in tissues and injection sites of yearling beef steers dosed with benzathine penicillin G alone or in combination with procaine penicillin G." Food Additives and Contaminants 11, no. 1 (1994): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02652039409374196.

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Santoso, Imam, Bachri Amran, and Apriliana Laily Fitri. "SEPARATION OF PENICILLIN G FROM FERMENTATION BROTH BY EMULSION LIQUID MEMBRANE TECHNIQUE." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 10, no. 1 (2010): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21496.

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The separation of penicillin G from fermentation broth can be done by emulsion liquid membrane technique. The aim of this research is to establish the optimal conditions for the extraction and separation of penicillin G using emulsion liquid membrane technique. The optimal conditions were found to be at ratio of internal phase volume to membrane phase volume of 1:1 ; time of making emulsion, 1 min ; emulsion contact rate, 300 rpm; rate of stirring of emulsion, 2000 rpm ; rest time of emulsion, 13 min; concentration of penicillin G as external phase, 375 ppm; and concentration of surfactant, 5%

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Wei, Chia-Li, Yunn-Bor Yang, Chan-Hui Deng, et al. "Directed Evolution of Streptomyces clavuligerus Deacetoxycephalosporin C Synthase for Enhancement of Penicillin G Expansion." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 12 (2005): 8873–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.12.8873-8880.2005.

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ABSTRACT The deacetoxycephalosporin C synthase from Streptomyces clavuligerus was directly modified for enhancement of penicillin G expansion into phenylacetyl-7-aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic acid, an important intermediate in the industrial manufacture of cephalosporin antibiotics. Nine new mutants, mutants M73T, T91A, A106T, C155Y, Y184H, M188V, M188I, H244Q, and L277Q with 1.4- to 5.7-fold increases in the k cat/Km ratio, were obtained by screening 6,364 clones after error-prone PCR-based random mutagenesis. Subsequently, DNA shuffling was carried out to screen possible combinations of subs

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Bossi, Alessandra, Stefania Guerrera, and Pier Giorgio Righetti. "Electrically immobilized enzyme reactors: Bioconversion of a charged substrate. Hydrolysis of penicillin G by penicillin G acylase." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 64, no. 4 (1999): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19990820)64:4<383::aid-bit1>3.0.co;2-h.

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Daher, Omar, Horacio A. Lopardo, and Etelvina A. Rubeglio. "Value of Etest penicillin V and penicillin G strips for penicillin susceptibility testing of Neisseria meningitidis." Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 43, no. 2 (2002): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0732-8893(02)00386-3.

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Boison, Joe O., Gary O. Korsrud, Mark G. Papich, and James D. Macneil. "Comparison of Four Commercially Available Rapid Test Kits with Liquid Chromatography for Detecting Penicillin G Residues in Bovine Plasma." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 78, no. 5 (1995): 1144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/78.5.1144.

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Abstract Four commercially available rapid tests (Brilliant Black reduction test, LacTek test, Charm Farm test, and Charm Test II receptor assay) were compared with a liquid chromatographic (LC) method (lowest quantitatable level of 5 ng/mL) in their efficiency, reliability, and sensitivity to detect penicillin G in bovine plasma. Samples were obtained from 16 steers treated with procaine penicillin G alone or in combination with its long-acting form, benzathine penicillin G. The steers were injected intramuscularly with penicillin G doses ranging from label dose to about 9 times label dose. W

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