Academic literature on the topic 'Pennes bioheat transfer equations'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pennes bioheat transfer equations"
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SHIH, TZU-CHING, HONG-SEN KOU, CHIHNG-TSUNG LIAUH, and WIN-LI LIN. "THERMAL MODELS OF BIOHEAT TRANSFER EQUATIONS IN LIVING TISSUE AND THERMAL DOSE EQUIVALENCE DUE TO HYPERTHERMIA." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 14, no. 02 (2002): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237202000139.
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This review focuses both on the basic formulations of bioheat equation in the living tissue and on the determination of thermal dose during thermal therapy. The temperature distributions inside the heated tissues, generally controlled by heating modalities, are obtained by solving the bioheat transfer equation. However, the major criticism for the Pennes' model focused on the assumption that the heat transfer by blood flow occurs in a non-directional, heat sink- or source-like term. Several bioheat transfer models have been introduced to compare their convective and perfusive effects in vascular tissues. The present review also elucidates thermal dose equivalence that represents the extent of thermal damage or destruction of tissue in the clinical treatment of tumor with local hyperthermia. In addition, this study uses the porous medium concept to describe the heat transfer in the living tissue with the directional effect of blood flow, and the polynomial expression of thermal dose in terms of the curve fitting of the experimental isosurvival curve data by Dewey et al. Results show that the values of factor R is a function of the heating temperature instead of the two different constants suggested by Sapareto and Dewey.
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El-Nabulsi, Rami Ahmad. "Fractal Pennes and Cattaneo–Vernotte bioheat equations from product-like fractal geometry and their implications on cells in the presence of tumour growth." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 18, no. 182 (2021): 20210564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2021.0564.
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In this study, the Pennes and Cattaneo–Vernotte bioheat transfer equations in the presence of fractal spatial dimensions are derived based on the product-like fractal geometry. This approach was introduced recently, by Li and Ostoja-Starzewski, in order to explore dynamical properties of anisotropic media. The theory is characterized by a modified gradient operator which depends on two parameters: R which represents the radius of the tumour and R 0 which represents the radius of the spherical living tissue. Both the steady and unsteady states for each fractal bioheat equation were obtained and their implications on living cells in the presence of growth of a large tumour were analysed. Assuming a specific heating/cooling by a constant heat flux equivalent to the metabolic heat generation in the tissue, it was observed that the solutions of the fractal bioheat equations are robustly affected by fractal dimensions, the radius of the tumour growth and the dimensions of the living cell tissue. The ranges of both the fractal dimensions and temperature were obtained, analysed and compared with recent studies. This study confirms the importance of fractals in medicine.
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Liu, Kuo-Chi, Po-Jen Cheng, and Yan-Nan Wang. "Analysis of non-Fourier thermal behavior for multi-layer skin model." Thermal Science 15, suppl. 1 (2011): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci11s1061l.
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This paper studies the effect of micro-structural interaction on bioheat transfer in skin, which was stratified into epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous. A modified non-Fourier equation of bio-heat transfer was developed based on the second-order Taylor expansion of dual-phase-lag model and can be simplified as the bio-heat transfer equations derived from Pennes? model, thermal wave model, and the linearized form of dual-phase-lag model. It is a fourth order partial differential equation, and the boundary conditions at the interface between two adjacent layers become complicated. There are mathematical difficulties in dealing with such a problem. A hybrid numerical scheme is extended to solve the present problem. The numerical results are in a good agreement with the contents of open literature. It evidences the rationality and reliability of the present results.
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Adeola, Lawal Hamid, and Oluwole Daniel Makinde. "Buoyancy Effects on Human Skin Tissue Thermoregulation due to Environmental Influence." Defect and Diffusion Forum 401 (May 2020): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.401.107.
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This paper theoretically examines the impact of thermal buoyancy on human skin tissue’s blood flow, heat exchange and their interaction with the surrounding environment using a two phase mathematical model that relies on continuity, momentum and energy conservation equations in continuum mechanics. The tissue blood flows and heat transfer characteristics are determined numerically based on Darcy’s Brinkman model for a saturated porous medium coupled with modified Pennes bioheat equation while analytical approach is employed to tackle the model of interacting surrounding environmental buoyancy driven air flow with heat sink. The influence of embedded biophysical parameters on the skin tissue’s blood flow rate and temperature distribution together with friction coefficient at skin tissue surface and Nusselt number are display graphically and discussed quantitatively. It is found that a boost in thermal buoyancy enhances skin tissue heat transfer and blood flow rates.
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Chen, Zong-Ping, and Robert B. Roemer. "The Effects of Large Blood Vessels on Temperature Distributions During Simulated Hyperthermia." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 114, no. 4 (1992): 473–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2894097.
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Several three-dimensional vascular models have been developed to study the effects of adding equations for large blood vessels to the traditional bioheat transfer equation of Pennes when simulating tissue temperature distributions. These vascular models include “transiting” vessels, “supplying” arteries, and “draining” veins, for all of which the mean temperature of the blood in the vessels is calculated along their lengths. For the supplying arteries this spatially variable temperature is then used as the arterial temperature in the bioheat transfer equation. The different vascular models produce significantly different locations for both the maximum tumor and the maximum normal tissue temperatures for a given power deposition pattern. However, all of the vascular models predict essentially the same cold regions in the same locations in tumors: one set at the tumors’ corners and another around the inlets of the large blood vessels to the tumor. Several different power deposition patterns have been simulated in an attempt to eliminate these cold regions; uniform power in the tumor, annular power in the tumor, preheating of the blood in the vessels while they are traversing the normal tissue, and an “optimal” power pattern which combines the best features of the above approaches. Although the calculations indicate that optimal power deposition patterns (which improve the temperature distributions) exist for all of the vascular models, none of the heating patterns studied eliminated all of the cold regions. Vasodilation in the normal tissue is also simulated to see its effects on the temperature fields. This technique can raise the temperatures around the inlet of the large blood vessles to the tumor (due to the higher power deposition rates possible), but on the other hand, normal tissue vasodilation makes the temperatures at the tumor corners slightly colder.
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CONSIGLIERI, LUISA. "ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS IN THE MODELING OF THE LOCAL RF ABLATION." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 16, no. 05 (2016): 1650071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519416500718.
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Coupled mathematical models for the radiofrequency (RF) ablation performed in biomedical sciences have been developed based on the bioheat transfer theory. The heat exchange problem is important to be analytically studied in order to control the size of the necrosis zone caused by RF ablation. This lesion size in the tissue may be predicted by the knowledge of the internal tissue temperature. We propose an analytical solution for the Pennes heat transfer equation in bi- and tri-region domains, applicable to the RF ablation of cancerigeneous tissue — a clinical relevant problem. The model consists of two partial differential equations describing the spatio-temporal interactions between the electric and thermic effects. The aim is to find simple algebraic expressions of analytical solutions that may allow to generate quantitative results which in turn may be interpreted (including uncertainties). The dependence of the temperature as function of the electrothermal parameters in both diseased and surrounding healthy tissues is pointed out. Two cases, namely the tumor–tissue and tumor–tissue–skin systems, are graphically computed, and important findings include the fact that the presence of tissue with smaller value parameters protects somehow healthy cells. Moreover, the graphical representations are conducted to highlight the link of the profile of current density distribution in the physiological problem with the (neither oval nor circular) shape of the temperature isoclinic lines.
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Grysa, Krzysztof, and Artur Maciag. "Trefftz method in solving the pennes’ and single-phase-lag heat conduction problems with perfusion in the skin." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 30, no. 6 (2019): 3231–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-09-2018-0488.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to derive the Trefftz functions (T-functions) for the Pennes’ equation and for the single-phase-lag (SPL) model (hyperbolic equation) with perfusion and then comparing field of temperature in a flat slab made of skin in the case when perfusion is taken into account, with the situation when a Fourier model is considered. When considering the process of heat conduction in the skin, one needs to take into account the average values of its thermal properties. When in biological bodies relaxation time is of the order of 20 s, the thermal wave propagation appears. The initial-boundary problems for Pennes’ model and SPL with perfusion model are considered to investigate the effect of the finite velocity of heat in the skin, perfusion and thickness of the slab on the rate of the thermal wave attenuation. As a reference model, the solution of the classic Fourier heat transfer equation for the considered problems is calculated. A heat flux has direction perpendicular to the surface of skin, considered as a flat slab. Therefore, the equations depend only on time and one spatial variable. Design/methodology/approach First of all the T-functions for the Pennes’ equation and for the SPL model with perfusion are derived. Then, an approximate solutions of the problems are expressed in the form of a linear combination of the T-functions. The T-functions satisfy the equation modeling the problem under consideration. Therefore, approximating a solution of a problem with a linear combination of n T-functions one obtains a function that satisfies the equation. The unknown coefficients of the linear combination are obtained as a result of minimization of the functional that describes an inaccuracy of satisfying the initial and boundary conditions in a mean-square sense. Findings The sets of T-functions for the Pennes’ equation and for the SPL model with perfusion are derived. An infinite set of these functions is a complete set of functions and stands for a base functions layout for the space of solutions for the equation used to generate them. Then, an approximate solutions of the initial-boundary problem have been found and compared to find out the effect of finite velocity of heat in the skin, perfusion and thickness of the slab on the rate of the thermal wave attenuation. Research limitations/implications The methods used in the literature to find an approximate solution of any bioheat transfer problems are more complicated than the one used in the presented paper. However, it should be pointed out that there is some limitation concerning the T-function method, namely, the greater number of T-function is used, the greater condition number becomes. This limitation usually can be overcome using symbolic calculations or conducting calculations with a large number of significant digits. Originality/value The T-functions for the Pennes’ equation and for the SPL equation with perfusion have been reported in this paper for the first time. In the literature, the T-functions are known for other linear partial differential equations (e.g. harmonic functions for Laplace equation), but for the first time they have been derived for the two aforementioned equations. The results are discussed with respect to practical applications.
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Paruch, Marek. "Identification of the cancer ablation parameters during RF hyperthermia using gradient, evolutionary and hybrid algorithms." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 27, no. 3 (2017): 674–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-03-2016-0114.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to show that the methods of the numerical simulation can be a very effective tool for a proper choice of control parameters of artificial hyperthermia. An electromagnetic field induced by two external electrodes and a temperature field resulting from electrodes action in a 3D domain of biological tissue is considered. An important problem is the appropriate directing of heat in the region of tumor, so as to avoid damaging healthy cells surrounding the tumor. Recently, to concentrate the heat on the tumor, magnetic nanoparticles, which are introduced into the tumor, were used. The nanoparticles should be made of material that ensures appropriate magnetic properties and has a high biocompatibility with the biological tissue. External electric field causes the heat generation in the tissue domain. Design/methodology/approach The distribution of electric potential in the domain considered is described by the Laplace system of equations, while the temperature field is described by the Pennes’ system of equations. These problems are coupled by source function being the additional component in the Pennes’ equation and resulting from the electric field action. The boundary element method is applied to solve the coupled problem connected with the heating of biological tissues. Findings The aim of investigations is to determine an electric potential of external electrodes and the number of nanoparticles introduced to a tumor region to obtain the artificial hyperthermia state. The tests performed showed that the proposed tool to solve the inverse problem provides correct results. Research limitations/implications In the paper the steady state bioheat transfer problem is considered, so the thermal damage is a function of the temperature only. Therefore, the solution can be considered as the maximum ablation zone of cancer. Additionally, the choice of appropriate parameters will be affected on the position and shape of the tumor and the electrodes. Originality/value In the paper the inverse problem has been solved using the evolutionary algorithm, gradient method and hybrid algorithm which is a combination of the two previous.
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Pacheco, César, Helcio R. B. Orlande, Marcelo Colaco, and George S. Dulikravich. "State estimation problems in PRF-shift magnetic resonance thermometry." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 28, no. 2 (2018): 315–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-10-2016-0427.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to apply the Steady State Kalman Filter for temperature measurements of tissues via magnetic resonance thermometry. Instead of using classical direct inversion, a methodology is proposed that couples the magnetic resonance thermometry with the bioheat transfer problem and the local temperatures can be identified through the solution of a state estimation problem. Design/methodology/approach Heat transfer in the tissues is given by Pennes’ bioheat transfer model, while the Proton Resonance Frequency (PRF)-Shift technique is used for the magnetic resonance thermometry. The problem of measuring the transient temperature field of tissues is recast as a state estimation problem and is solved through the Steady-State Kalman filter. Noisy synthetic measurements are used for testing the proposed methodology. Findings The proposed approach is more accurate for recovering the local transient temperatures from the noisy PRF-Shift measurements than the direct data inversion. The methodology used here can be applied in real time due to the reduced computational cost. Idealized test cases are examined that include the actual geometry of a forearm. Research limitations/implications The solution of the state estimation problem recovers the temperature variations in the region more accurately than the direct inversion. Besides that, the estimation of the temperature field in the region was possible with the solution of the state estimation problem via the Steady-State Kalman filter, but not with the direct inversion. Practical implications The recursive equations of the Steady-State Kalman filter can be calculated in computational times smaller than the supposed physical times, thus demonstrating that the present approach can be used for real-time applications, such as in control of the heating source in the hyperthermia treatment of cancer. Originality/value The original and novel contributions of the manuscript include: formulation of the PRF-Shift thermometry as a state estimation problem, which results in reduced uncertainties of the temperature variation as compared to the classical direct inversion; estimation of the actual temperature in the region with the solution of the state estimation problem, which is not possible with the direct inversion that is limited to the identification of the temperature variation; solution of the state estimation problem with the Steady-State Kalman filter, which allows for fast computations and real-time calculations.
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Kaur, J., and S. A. Khan. "Thermal changes in Human Abdomen Exposed to Microwaves: A Model Study." Advanced Electromagnetics 8, no. 3 (2019): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v8i3.1092.
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The electromagnetic energy associated with microwave radiation interacts with the biological tissues and consequently, may produce thermo-physiological effects in living beings. Traditionally, Pennes’ bioheat equation (BTE) is employed to analyze the heat transfer in biological medium. Being based on Fourier Law, Pennes’ BTE assumes infinite speed of propagation of heat transfer. However, heat propagates with finite speed within biological tissues, and thermal wave model of bioheat transfer (TWBHT) demonstrates this non-Fourier behavior of heat transfer in biological medium. In present study, we employed Pennes’ BTE and TWMBT to numerically analyze temperature variations in human abdomen model exposed to plane microwaves at 2450 MHz. The numerical scheme comprises coupling of solution of Maxwell's equation of wave propagation within tissue to Pennes’ BTE and TWMBT. Temperatures predicted by both the bioheat models are compared and effect of relaxation time on temperature variations is investigated. Additionally, electric field distribution and specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution is also studied. Transient temperatures predicted by TWMBT are lower than that by traditional Pennes’ BTE, while temperatures are identical in steady state. The results provide comprehensive understanding of temperature changes in irradiated human body, if microwave exposure duration is short.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pennes bioheat transfer equations"
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PANDEY, AJIT K. "RADIO-FREQUENCY ABLATION IN A RECONSTRUCTED REALISTIC HEPATIC TISSUE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1061210342.
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Shen, Wensheng. "Computer Simulation and Modeling of Physical and Biological Processes using Partial Differential Equations." UKnowledge, 2007. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/501.
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Scientific research in areas of physics, chemistry, and biology traditionally depends purely on experimental and theoretical methods. Recently numerical simulation is emerging as the third way of science discovery beyond the experimental and theoretical approaches. This work describes some general procedures in numerical computation, and presents several applications of numerical modeling in bioheat transfer and biomechanics, jet diffusion flame, and bio-molecular interactions of proteins in blood circulation.
A three-dimensional (3D) multilayer model based on the skin physical structure is developed to investigate the transient thermal response of human skin subject to external heating. The temperature distribution of the skin is modeled by a bioheat transfer equation. Different from existing models, the current model includes water evaporation and diffusion, where the rate of water evaporation is determined based on the theory of laminar boundary layer. The time-dependent equation is discretized using the Crank-Nicolson scheme. The large sparse linear system resulted from discretizing the governing partial differential equation is solved by GMRES solver.
The jet diffusion flame is simulated by fluid flow and chemical reaction. The second-order backward Euler scheme is applied for the time dependent Navier-Stokes equation. Central difference is used for diffusion terms to achieve better accuracy, and a monotonicity-preserving upwind difference is used for convective ones. The coupled nonlinear system is solved via the damped Newton's method. The Newton Jacobian matrix is formed numerically, and resulting linear system is ill-conditioned and is solved by Bi-CGSTAB with the Gauss-Seidel preconditioner.
A novel convection-diffusion-reaction model is introduced to simulate fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) binding to cell surface molecules of receptor and heparan sulfate proteoglycan and MAP kinase signaling under flow condition. The model includes three parts: the flow of media using compressible Navier-Stokes equation, the transport of FGF-2 using convection-diffusion transport equation, and the local binding and signaling by chemical kinetics. The whole model consists of a set of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) and a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). To solve the time-dependent PDE system we use second order implicit Euler method by finite volume discretization. The ODE system is stiff and is solved by an ODE solver VODE using backward differencing formulation (BDF). Findings from this study have implications with regard to regulation of heparin-binding growth factors in circulation.
Book chapters on the topic "Pennes bioheat transfer equations"
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Liu, J., and Z. Deng. "Numerical Methods for Solving Bioheat Transfer Equations in Complex Situations." In Computational & Physical Processes in Mechanics & Thermal Science. CRC Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420095227.ch3.
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Dai, Weizhong, Guang Li, Raja Nassar, and Teng Zhu. "A domain decomposition method for solving the Pennes' bioheat transfer in a 3D triple-layered skin structure." In Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics 2003. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008044046-0.50402-4.
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Nakayama, Akira, Fujio Kuwahara, and Wei Liu. "A General Set of Bioheat Transfer Equations Based on the Volume Averaging Theory." In Porous Media. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420065428-2.
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"A General Set of Bioheat Transfer Equations Based on the Volume Averaging Theory." In Porous Media. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420065428-5.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Pennes bioheat transfer equations"
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Sarkar, Daipayan, A. Haji-Sheikh, and Ankur Jain. "Theoretical Analysis of Transient Bioheat Transfer in Multi-Layer Tissue." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53392.
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Heat conduction in skin tissue is a problem of significant technological importance. A theoretical understanding of such a problem is essential as it may lead to design potential therapeutic measures for needed cancer therapy or novel medical devices for various applications including hyperthermia. To understand the physical phenomenon of energy transport in biological systems a transient model is chosen for this study. The most common transport equation to estimate temperature distribution in humans was developed by H.H. Pennes and is popularly known as the Pennes bioheat transfer equation. A generalized Pennes bioheat transfer equation accounts for the effect of various physical phenomena such as conduction, advection, volumetric heat generation, etc. are considered. In this paper, a general transient form of the Pennes bioheat transfer equation is solved analytically for a multilayer domain. The boundary value problem considers the core of the tissue is maintained at uniform temperature of 37°C, convective cooling is applied to the external surface of the skin and the sidewalls are adiabatic. The computation of transient temperature in multidimensional and multilayer bodies offers unique features. Due to the presence of blood perfusion in the tissue, the reaction term in the Pennes governing equation is modeled similar to a fin term. The eigenvalues may become imaginary, producing eigenfunctions with imaginary arguments. In addition the spacing between the eigenvalues between zero and maximum value varies for different cases; therefore the values need to be determined with precision using second order Newton’s method. A detailed derivation of the temperature solution using the technique of separation of variables is presented in this study. In addition a proof of orthogonality theorem for eigenfunctions with imaginary eigenvalues is also presented. The analytical model is used to study the thermal response of skin tissue to different parameters with the aid of some numerical examples. Results shown in this paper are expected to facilitate a better understand of bioheat transfer in layered tissue such as skin.
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Lin, Song-Yih, and Te-Ming Chou. "Numerical Analysis of the Pennes Bioheat Transfer Equation on Skin Surface." In 2015 Third International Conference on Robot, Vision and Signal Processing (RVSP). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rvsp.2015.26.
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Verma, A. K., and S. K. Mahapatra. "Thermal Wave Model for Analysis of Multilayer Tissue Medium in Presence of Inhomogeneity in Laser Tissue Treatment." In ASME 2016 5th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2016-6464.
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In this current investigation a modified model of Pennes Bioheat equation i.e. the thermal wave model of bioheat transfer (TWMBT) is applied for the heat transfer processes underlying the laser tissue interaction to investigate the thermal damage of biological tissues. For analysing the thermal effect, a two dimensional domain is taken with three layers (simulating human skin) of different thermal properties with inhomogeneity in the middle layer. The inhomogeneity considered in this problem simulates the presence of tumor inside tissue medium. The finite volume method (FVM) is used for discretization. The central difference scheme is adapted for discretizing the spatial term. The incident collimated beam on the top layer is provided to destroy the unwanted tumor cell represented by inhomogeneity in the middle layer. Subsequent to the discretization of governing equation of hyperbolic nature, implicit scheme has been employed to obtain the solution and its stability has been assessed. As per the findings, the hyperbolic thermal wave model is more appropriate than the Pennes model of bioheat transfer for laser-tissue treatment.
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Gayzik, F. Scott, Elaine P. Scott, and Tahar Loulou. "Optimal Control of Thermal Damage to Targetted Regions in a Biological Material." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56426.
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A numerical technique with potential applications in hyperthermia treatment planning is presented. The treatment is simulated using a 2D transient computational model of the Pennes bioheat equation within an optimization algorithm. The algorithm recovers the heating protocol which will lead to a desired damage field. The relationship between temperature, time and thermal damage is expressed as a first order rate process using the Arrhenius equation. The objective function of the control problem is based on this thermal damage model. The adjoint method in conjunction with the conjugate gradient algorithm is used to minimize the objective function. The results from a numerical simulation show good agreement between the optimal damage field and the damage field recovered by the algorithm. A comparison between the recovered damage field and the commonly used thermal dose is also made.
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Sarkar, Daipayan, Ankur Jain, and A. Haji-Sheikh. "Analytical Temperature Distribution in a Multi-Layer Tissue Structure in the Presence of a Tumor." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63275.
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Analytical study of bioheat transfer is of significant importance for a number of biomedical applications including cryopreservation of tissue and thermal therapy for cancer. A sound fundamental understanding of thermal behavior of tissue in response to an externally applied stimulus helps design effective therapies and protocols. This paper derives an analytical solution in a multi-layer two-dimensional structure with arbitrary, space-dependent heat generation occurring in each layer. This geometry effectively models multiple layers of skin, with heat generation due to cancerous cells in the basal layer. The Pennes bioheat transfer equation is solved for the multi-layer analytically, wherein the temperature in each layer is explicitly a function of space and the thermo-physical properties of the layer. The resulting analytical temperature profile agrees well with finite-element simulations and is also in good agreement with a previously published experimental study. Results derived in this work illustrate the effect of the presence of cancerous cells on the thermal profile of the skin. Further, the model helps to understand the effect of external cooling and heating stimuli.
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Xu, Lisa X., and Aili Zhang. "Teaching Experience in Biotransport Course for Undergraduates of Biomedical Engineering." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53379.
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For undergraduate student in biomedical engineering, they usually have very limited background of thermodynamics, heat mass transfer. Fundamental concepts of heat and mass transfer, thermodynamics are necessary at the beginning of the course. For this purpose, we found that Prof. John Chato’s book “Fundamentals of Bioheat Transfer” provides good text and it has been used successfully through our teaching. For example, after introducing the energy conservation law, a focused discussion on how the law is used in biological systems (how energy is generated from bio-chemical reactions, et.al) can be launched. Thermal resistance method and radiation network are easily accepted by the BME students as they have strong electrical background. Vasculature is one of the most important factors in bioheat transfer. It is also important in biomedical engineering field. Thus, the anatomic structure, quantification, thermal equilibrium length of blood vessels, are all taught in details. The Pennes equation and its applications are certainly necessary topics and taught right after the temperature measurement technique session. Medical applications, including hyperthermia, thermal ablation, cryosurgery, cryopreservation, burn evaluation etc. are given from both experimental and theoretical points of view. At the end, successful commercial products and models are also introduced.
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Thamire, Chandrasekhar, Rabee Zuberi, Charlie Choe, and Prabhakar Pandey. "Treatment Planning for Transurethral and Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-10903.
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The purpose of this study is to develop thermal-damage correlations for transurethral and interstitial thermotherapy to aid treatment planning for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Using an Alternating-direction implicit method, the Pennes bioheat transfer equation is solved for microwave and ultrasound hyperthermia applicators for a range of parameters, including the applicator power, treatment time, and coolant parameters. Thermal coagulation contours are developed by evaluating the temperature-history data against the thermal-damage data obtained in ex-vivo experiments for prostate tissue slices and cells. Treatment protocols are proposed for treatment planning purposes and developing an optimal hyperthermia applicator that can coagulate the target tissue effectively, without destroying the surrounding healthy tissue.
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Shagoshtaasbi, Hooman. "A forth order finite differencce scheme for pennes' bioheat transfer equation in a three? Dimensional triple-layered skin structure with multilevel bloood vessel." In IEEE EUROCON 2009 (EUROCON). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eurcon.2009.5167620.
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Yue, Kai, Xinxin Zhang, and Fan Yu. "Noninvasive Measurement of Thermal Property Parameters of Cylindrical Living Tissues." In ASME 2005 Summer Heat Transfer Conference collocated with the ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2005-72592.
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A new noninvasive measurement method is proposed to simultaneously determine the thermal parameters of cylindrical living tissues. The corresponding two-dimensional mathematic model is established based on the Pennes’ bioheat transfer equation. With respect to the measuring points on the surface of the given living tissue, the effects of thermal parameters on the temperature variations, the sensitivity coefficients of the key thermal parameters to the model temperatures and the relativities of these sensitivity coefficients are analyzed and calculated. The results show that the thermal parameters concerned can be estimated with high measuring precision and can be simultaneously estimated. The experimental system of the dynamic tissue phantom is established to validate the presented method. A number of experiments are carried out under different conditions and the experimental results indicate that the measured parameters are in good agreement with the reference values.
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Yuan, Ping, Hsueh-Erh Liu, Chih-Wei Chen, and Hong-Sen Kou. "Analysis of Temperature Response in Biological Tissue With Sinusoidal Temperature Oscillation on the Skin." In ASME 2008 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the Fluids Engineering, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2008-56493.
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This study investigates the transient temperature response in biological tissue with sinusoidal temperature oscillation on the skin surface. Based on the Laplace transform, an exact solution of the Pennes bioheat transfer equation has been derived which includes the whole time domain from the initial transient oscillation to the final steady periodic oscillation. Furthermore, the exact solutions of special cases under no perfusion rate, constant temperature, and the combination of those two assumptions are demonstrated in this study. The primary application for this type of analysis is to assess the blood perfusion rate in the skin by imposing a periodic temperature load onto the skin surface. Through the noninvasive measurement of the maximum heat flux or minimum heat flux on the skin, equation (15) can be utilized to estimate the blood perfusion rate in living tissues. The results show that both the larger perfusion rate and greater tissue depth decrease the amplitude of the sinusoidal temperature response. A larger perfusion rate can also reduce the unstable duration for the estimation of the blood perfusion rate. Meanwhile, the shift of phase angle related to the sinusoidal temperature variation increases with tissue that is deeper and has lower perfusion rate.