Journal articles: 'Pentadecanoic acid and n-hexadecanoic acid'

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Moses Daben, Janet, Dayil Albert Dashak, and Rahab Uwhomagbejo Isaac. "Gas chromatography-mass spectral structural analysis, phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of n-hexane leaf extract of Corymbia torelliana." International Journal of Advanced Chemistry 5, no. 1 (May 6, 2017): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v5i1.7511.

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The chemical studies and antimicrobial activity of n-hexane leaf extract of Corymbiatorelliana was evaluated for medicinal importance. The phytochemical constituents present were steroids, tannins, cardiac glycosides alkaloids and terpenes. The result of sodium fussion test revealed the presence of Phosphorus Nitrogen and Chlorine. The Column Chromatography gave several fractions that were pulled together by Thin Layer Chromatography based on their Rf values, colours and resolutions on different solvent systems. GC-MS was used to identify compounds like: Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid methyl ester, 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediene, Pentadecanoic acid-14-methyl methyl ester, Hexadecanoic acid-2-hydroxyl propyl ester, 2(4H)-Benzofuranone-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,4,7a-trimethyl and many others. Antimicrobial screening was carried out on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus niger using the agar well diffusion technique. The result shows that the extract exhibit antimicrobial activity with zones of inhibition in diameter. These results show that the plant exhibit antimicrobial activity and possess pharmacological characteristics, which could be applied in the production of potent drugs.

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Gudmestad, Neil C., Paul J. Henningson, and William M. Bugbee. "Cellular fatty acid comparison of strains of Corynebacterium michiganense subsp. sepedonicum from potato and sugar beet." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 34, no. 6 (June 1, 1988): 716–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m88-122.

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The cellular fatty acid composition of Corynebacterium michiganense subsp. sepedonicum strains recovered from potato and sugar beet hosts were determined using gas-liquid chromatography. Fatty acid profiles were compared to profiles from other plant pathogenic coryneform bacteria. The most prevalent fatty acids present in C. michiganense subsp. sepedonicum were 12-methyl-tetradecanoic acid (a15:0), 14-methyl-hexadecanoic acid (a17:0), 14-methyl-pentadecanoic acid (i16:0), 12-methyl-4-tetradecenoic acid (a15:1), hexadecanoic acid (16:0), cis-9-octadecenoic acid (18:1c), and cis-9,12-octadecadienoic acid (18:2). In addition, some strains contained smaller amounts of 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19 carbon fatty acids. All strains of plant pathogenic coryneform bacteria tested could be differentiated on the basis of either total fatty acid content (qualitative) or by ratios of cellular fatty acids (relative quantitative differences), e.g., a15:0/i16:0, a17:0/i16:0, a15:0/a17:0, i16:0/a15:1, a15:1/16:0, and 16:0/18:1. Strains of C. michiganense subsp. sepedonicum from sugar beet and potato were qualitatively and quantitatively very similar. On the basis of these results, it was clear that the endophytic strains of C.m. subsp. sepedonicum recovered from healthy sugar beets were indistinguishable from pathogenic strains recovered from potato. The bacteria from the two hosts should be considered as members of the same subspecies.

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F. H. Ferdosi, Malik, Iqra Haider Khan, Arshad Javaid, Hafiz M. Saeed, Ifrayeem Butt, and Ayesha Munir. "GC-MS ANALYSIS PROFILE AND BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS OF FLOWERS OF Bergenia ciliata, A WEED OF ROCK CREVICES." JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH 27, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 527–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v27i4.1012.

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Bergenia ciliata is a weed of hilly areas of Pakistan that generally grows in rock crevices. In the present study, flowers of this weeds were collected from Murree. The dried flowers were extracted in methanol and subjected to GC-MS analysis that showed 7 compounds in it. The predominant compound was hexanedioic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester (48.88%) followed by γ-sitosterol (22.56%). Moderately occurring compound was cyclohexane, 1,3,5-triphenyl- (12.87%). The remaining compounds namely n-hexadecanoic acid (4.97%), pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester (3.77%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, (Z,Z)- (2.94%) and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)- (2.92%) were categorized as less abundant compounds. Literature survey indicated that these compounds possess antimicrobial, larvicidal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and/or antidiabetic properties.

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Callaghan, Amy V., Meghan Tierney, Craig D. Phelps, and L. Y. Young. "Anaerobic Biodegradation of n-Hexadecane by a Nitrate-Reducing Consortium." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 5 (December 29, 2008): 1339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02491-08.

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ABSTRACT Nitrate-reducing enrichments, amended with n-hexadecane, were established with petroleum-contaminated sediment from Onondaga Lake. Cultures were serially diluted to yield a sediment-free consortium. Clone libraries and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of 16S rRNA gene community PCR products indicated the presence of uncultured alpha- and betaproteobacteria similar to those detected in contaminated, denitrifying environments. Cultures were incubated with H34-hexadecane, fully deuterated hexadecane (d 34-hexadecane), or H34-hexadecane and NaH13CO3. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of silylated metabolites resulted in the identification of [H29]pentadecanoic acid, [H25]tridecanoic acid, [1-13C]pentadecanoic acid, [3-13C]heptadecanoic acid, [3-13C]10-methylheptadecanoic acid, and d 27-pentadecanoic, d 25-, and d 2 4-tridecanoic acids. The identification of these metabolites suggests a carbon addition at the C-3 position of hexadecane, with subsequent β-oxidation and transformation reactions (chain elongation and C-10 methylation) that predominantly produce fatty acids with odd numbers of carbons. Mineralization of [1-14C]hexadecane was demonstrated based on the recovery of 14CO2 in active cultures.

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Bisignano, Carlo, Giovanna Ginestra, Antonella Smeriglio, Erminia La Camera, Giuseppe Crisafi, Flavio Franchina, Peter Tranchida, et al. "Study of the Lipid Profile of ATCC and Clinical Strains of Staphylococcus aureus in Relation to Their Antibiotic Resistance." Molecules 24, no. 7 (April 2, 2019): 1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24071276.

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A number of reports have indicated a relationship between bacterial resistance to antibiotics and their lipid composition. In the present study, we characterized the lipid profiles of American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus and its correlation with antibiotic resistance and hydrophobicity. The following strains were used: S. aureus ATCC 6538P, S. aureus ATCC 43300 (MRSA), seven clinical strains from the pharynges, two strains from duodenal ulcers, four strains from hip prostheses, and one strain from the conjunctiva. Lipid-related differentiation was observed across the S. aureus strains: the higher abundance of anteiso-pentadecanoic acid (anteiso-C15:0) and anteiso-heptadecanoic acid (anteiso-C17:0), followed by iso-pentadecanoic acid (iso-C15:0), suggested that these were common lipids. Iso-tridecanoic acid (iso-C13:0) and anteiso-tridecanoic acid (anteiso-C13:0), iso-hexadecanoic acid (iso-C16:0) and anteiso-hexadecanoic acid (anteiso-C16:0), and all forms of octadecanoic acid (C18:0) were usually detected in low abundance. Strains isolated from pharynges showed the highest ratio of branched/straight chains. A distinction in two clusters based on the amount and type of bacterial lipids identified was obtained, which correlated to the antibiotic resistance, the strains origin, and the cell-surface hydrophobicity. We report a potential correlation between the lipid profile of S. aureus strains, site of infection, antibiotic resistance, and cell-surface hydrophobicity. These results, which still need further insights, could be a first step to identifying antibiotic resistance in response to environmental adaptation.

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Shad, Nadeem, Arshad Javaid, and Qudsia Kanwal. "ANTIFUNGAL AND OTHER BIOACTIVE CONSTITUENTS IN ROOTS OF A HALOPHYTIC WEED Suaeda fruticosa." JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH 28, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1072.

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Suaeda fruticosa Forssk. ex J. F. Gmelin is a halophytic weed of family Amaranthaceae (previously in Chenopodiaceae) that covers vast stretches of salty alluvial flats on drier sites and coastal belts in Pakistan. In this study, mature plants of S. fruticosa were collected from district D.G. Khan during May 2021. After shade drying, the roots were crushed thoroughly and 5 g material was soaked in methanol for 2 weeks. After filtration, GC-MS analysis of the extract was done that showed presence of 14 compounds in the extract. Major compounds in the root were n-hexadecanoic acid (16.70%), oleic acid (16.39%), dodecanoic acid (15.68%) and dihydroxymaleic acid (15.58%). Other compounds were erythritol (6.31%), 10-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (6.01%), tetradecanoic acid (4.78%), 1,2-ethanediamine, N-ethyl-N'-methyl- (3.46%), pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester (3.66%), 8,11-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester (2.85%), 2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-one, 3,5-bis-trimethylsilyl (2.44%), 2-oxo-3-methyl-cis-perhydro-1,3-benzoxazine (2.24%), cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl- (2.13%), and 1-hexadecanol (1.73%). Compounds present in roots of S. fruticosa are known to possess antifungal, antibacterial, nematicidal, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.

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Prasad, P. B. V. "Deformation Phenomena in n-Pentadecanoic Acid Crystals." Crystal Research and Technology 26, no. 4 (1991): 501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170260425.

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Lin, Yi-Chueh, and Akira Yokota. "Plantibacter auratus sp. nov., in the family Microbacteriaceae." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56, no. 10 (October 1, 2006): 2337–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64366-0.

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Strain NCIMB 9991T is a Gram-positive, short rod-shaped, yellow-pigmented bacterium, with a high DNA G+C content, and was originally deposited in 1967 as Arthrobacter sp. The bacterium is aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies demonstrated that this strain was highly related genealogically to Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012T. Strain IAM 14817T (=NCIMB 9991T) has the following characteristics: the predominant menaquinones are MK-9 and MK-10, the DNA G+C content is 68 mol%, the diamino acid in the cell wall is 2,4-l-diaminobutyric acid and the muramic acid in the peptidoglycan is of an acetyl type. The major fatty acid is 12-methyl tetradecanoic acid (anteiso-C15 : 0), followed by 14-methyl hexadecanoic acid (anteiso-C17 : 0), 14-methyl pentadecanoic acid (iso-C16 : 0) and hexadecanoic acid (C16 : 0). On the basis of morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, together with DNA–DNA hybridization and 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison, strain IAM 14817T represents a novel species within the genus Plantibacter, for which the name Plantibacter auratus sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain IAM 14817T (=NCIMB 9991T=NBRC 15702T).

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Hanafiah, Rohazila. "Antibacterial Activity of Bioactive Compound in Salvadora persica (Chewing Stick) Against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans." ASM Science Journal 17 (May 27, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2022.1101.

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This study aims to determine the phytochemical properties of Salvadora persica extracts and their antibacterial activities against Gram-negative oral anaerobes which are responsible of periodontitis such as Porphorymonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts were prepared using the root powdered stem of S. persica. The phytochemical compounds were determined with Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial activities were assessed according to the levels of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The S. persica ethanolic and aqueous extracts contained antibacterial compounds such as Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, n-Hexadecanoic acid and Pentadecanoic acid, 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-, methylester, 1-(2,2-Dimethylpropanoyl)-L-prolyl-L-prolyl-N,2-dimethylalaninamide and 2-({4-[(Difluoromethyl)sulfanyl]phenyl} amino) benzoic acid, respectively. Both P. gingivalis (0.025 mg/mL) and A. actinomycetemcomitans (0.125 mg/mL) were susceptible to S. persica ethanolic extract. Ethanolic extract preparation has equal antibacterial activity with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate solution (p<0.05). Ethanolic extract (0.025-0.125 mg/mL) preparation has comparable require biocompatible testing.

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Odiase-Omoighe, J. O., and B. O. Agoreyo. "Identification of Bioactive Compounds in Sclerotia Extracts from Pleurotus tuber-regium (Fr.) Sing. using Gas Chromatograph– Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS)." Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology 38, no. 1 (June 6, 2022): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njb.v38i1.4s.

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King tuber mushroom (Pleurotus tuber-regium) is a tropical mushroom commonly seen in Australia, Africa and Asia. Trado-medical practitioners use the sclerotia for the treatment of various health disorders. This research aimed at identifying the biologically active compounds present in the sclerotia of this mushroom. In this study, the fungus was first extracted with methanol and re-extracted with ethyl acetate (EA) and dichloromethane (DCM) separately to obtain EA and DCM extracts. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometric (GC-MS) technique was used for the identification of compounds present in EA and DCM extracts. Results revealed the presence of a total of at least twenty-six (26) compounds with 14 and 12 from EA and DCM extracts respectively. The bioactives include n-Hexadecanoic acid, Oleic acid, 10-Octadecenal, Palmitoleic acid, 9, 17-octadecadienal-(z), 11-octadecenoic and methyl ester-(z). In EA extract, n-Hexadecanoic acid had highest concentration (37.67%) followed by 20.65% of 9,12 Octadecadienoic acid and the least was 9,17 Octadecadienal with 0.539%. In DCM extract, 11-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester was most abundant (18.344%) followed by Pentadecanoic acid 14 methyl-methyl ester (14.105%) and the least (4.058%) was 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid. These compounds possess various reported medicinal properties (such as the treatment of high blood pressure, diabetes, asthma, fever and cancer) that could be harnessed for health benefits. Other identified compounds with unknown functions are Trans-2-Dodecen-1-ol trifluoroacetate, cis-11-Hexadecenal, Methyl-18-methylnonadecanoate and Methyl-18-methyl-tetracosanoate. This identification is useful for the establishment of the medicinal properties of the mushroom and isolation of the bioactive compounds, which production can further be enhanced by cost-effective biotechnology techniques.

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Mayilraj, S., P. Saha, K. Suresh, and H. S. Saini. "Ornithinimicrobium kibberense sp. nov., isolated from the Indian Himalayas." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56, no. 7 (July 1, 2006): 1657–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64138-0.

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A buff-yellow-pigmented bacterium, strain K22-20T, which was isolated from a cold desert of the Indian Himalayas, was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Phenotypic and chemical properties of strain K22-20T were consistent with its classification in the genus Ornithinimicrobium. The major fatty acids of the strain were iso-C17 : 1 ω9c (cis-15-methyl 7-hexadecenoic acid), iso-C15 : 0 (13-methyl tetradecanoic acid), iso-C16 : 0 (14-methyl pentadecanoic acid) and iso-C17 : 0 (15-methyl hexadecanoic acid). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71 mol%. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain K22-20T was closely related to Ornithinimicrobium humiphilum HKI 0124T (97.7 %). However, genomic relatedness between strain K22-20T and O. humiphilum MTCC 6406T, as revealed by DNA–DNA hybridization, was 64.5 %. Based on the polyphasic data, strain K22-20T (=MTCC 6545T=DSM 17687T=JCM 12763T) represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium, for which the name Ornithinimicrobium kibberense sp. nov. is proposed.

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Tyagi, Tulika, and Mala Agarwal. "GC-MS ANALYSIS OF INVASIVE AQUATIC WEED, PISTIA STRATIOTES L. AND EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES (MART.) SOLMS." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 9, no. 3 (May 5, 2017): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2017.v9i3.19970.

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Objective: To investigate the bioactive components of an invasive aquatic weed, Pistia stratiotes L. and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms vegetative parts by using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS).Methods: The chemical compositions of the ethanol extract of whole plant Pistia stratiotes L. and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms was investigated using Agilent Technologies GC-MS (GC-7890A, MS 5975C).Results: The results of GC-MS analysis of the ethanolic extract revealed the existence of 28 phytochemical compounds in Pistia stratiotes L. n-Hexadecanoic acid,-11-Hexadecenoic acid, ethyl ester, Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester, Octadecanoic acid, ethyl ester, 2-Cyclopenten-1-one, 5-hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl, L-Glutamine, 2-Pentadecanone, 6,10,14-trimethyl, Linolelaidic acid, methyl ester, 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester,(Z,Z,Z), Nonadecane, 12,15-Octadecadiynoic acid, methyl ester, Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester, Diisooctyl phthalate, Docosanoic acid, ethyl ester, Stigmasterol, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 1-Monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether, Ethyl iso-allocholate are the major compound.The ethanolic extract of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms contains 43 phytochemical compounds of high and low molecular weight n-Hexadecanoic acid, E-11-Hexadecenoic acid, ethyl ester, Palmitic acid, Phytol, 9,12,15-Octadecatrienal, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester, Linolenic acid, ethyl ester, Stearic acid, ethyl ester, Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester, α-Glyceryl linolenate, 1-Monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether, Linoleic acid, 2,3-bis-(O-TMS)-propyl ester, Stigmasterol, Linolelaidic acid, methyl ester, 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, ethyl ester, (Z,Z,Z), Ethyl iso-allocholate, Cholesta-22,24-dien-5-ol, 4,4-dimethyl are the major compounds.These results indicates Pistia stratiotes L. and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms possess potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antitumour, antiarthritic, cancer preventive, antibacterial effects so can be recommended as a plant of phytopharmaceutical importance.Conclusion: The ethanol extract of Pistia stratiotes L. and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms proves as a potential source of bioactive compounds of pharmacological importance.

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Astiti, Ni Putu Adriani, and Yan Ramona. "GC-MS Analysis of Active and Applicable Compounds in Methanol Extract of Sweet Star Fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) Leaves." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 28, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.28.1.12.

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The leaves of star fruit plants (Averrhoa carambola) have been traditionally used to cure many diseases, such as hypertension and fever. Besides, the leaves of this plant have also widely been used as the main raw material in lawar (a Balinese traditional food) making. In this research, the methanol extract of this plant leaves was analyzed and identified for active compound contents. The main objective of this research was to investigate types of possible active and applicable compounds contained in such leaves, previously extracted/macerated in methanol solution. Analysis was conducted by applying GC-MS instrumentation using methanol solution. The results showed that 10 possible active and applicable compounds (Butane, 1,1-diethoxy-3 methyl-(CAS)1.1-DII, Dodecanoic acid, methyk ester(CAS) methyl, Dodecanoic acid, methyl ester (CAS) Ethyl Laun, Pentadecanoic acid ethyl ester, Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (CAS) Methyl pa, OCTADECA 9.12 DIENOIC ACID METHYL, 9-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester (E)-(CAS), Octadecanoic acid methyl ester, and (E) 9-Octadecanoic acid ethyl ester) were identified in methanol extract of such leaves. Among those compounds, Butane, 1,1-diethoxy-3-methyl and Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester was two most abundance constituents with percentage of peak areas of 35.67% and 26.93%, respectively.

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Bakar, Nur Husnina Iffah, Thong Chuan Lee, Ab Rahim Mohd-Hairul, Raha Ahmad Raus, Dayang Fredalina Basri, and Noor Suhana Adzahar. "Real-Time Cytotoxicity Assay of Water Extracts Hibiscus rosa-sinensis." Materials Science Forum 981 (March 2020): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.981.265.

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A real-time impedance-based electrochemistry assay was used for assessing the cytotoxicity effect of water extract Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis on Vero cell line. In this study, H. rosa-sinensis was extracted by using the water extraction with three different concentration which were 200, 100 and 50 µg/mL. The phytochemical compounds in the extract were analyzed by using the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The GC-MS result showed that the extract contains bioactive compounds such as n-hexadecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) and octadecanoic acid that have bioactive properties such as cytotoxic and antioxidant. The cytotoxic effect of the extract on normal cell line was assessed by using Real-Time Cell Analysis (RTCA) instrument. The result showed that there was no significant cytotoxicity effect against Vero cell lines. This result showed that the real-time impedance-based assay can be utilized to monitor changes of the cells and to determine the inhibitory concentration of the extract.

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Liu, Qi Mei, Dang Quan Zhang, Kuan Peng, and Wan Xi Peng. "Determination of Bioactive Components of Oil-Tea Cake by Pyrolysis- GC/MS." Key Engineering Materials 480-481 (June 2011): 256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.480-481.256.

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The oil-tea cake is the particular byproduct during producing tea-oil from seeds of Camellia oleifera (oil-tea tree). However, the current processing and utilization of oil-tea cake is still low economic benefit and also low value-added. Therefore, 300°C-based pyrolysis- GC/MS technology was used to analyze the top value-added bioactive components of benzene/ethanol extractives of oil-tea cake. The analytical result showed that 14 peaks were obtained from the 300°C pyrolyzate of benzene/ethanol extract of oil-tea cake, and 13 compounds representing 99.16% of the total areas were identified. The MS analytical result showed that the main components of pyrolyzates of benzene/ethanol extractives of oil-tea cake by 300°C pyrolysis- GC/MS were identified as: ethyl oleate; 14-pentadecenoic acid; pentadecanoic acid, ethyl ester; hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydrsoxy-1,3-propanedryl ester; pentadecanoic acid, ethyl ester; squalene; 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl 2-methylpropyl ester; 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 3-nitro-; etc.The results of function analyses showed that the 300°C pyrolyzate of benzene/ethanol extractives of oil-tea cake contains abundant bioactive components of rare natural medicinal materials, and also contain many components which can be developed into two value-added materials of industrial chemical and high-grade spice.

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Lin, Yi-Chueh, Kazunori Uemori, Dominique A. de Briel, Vallapa Arunpairojana, and Akira Yokota. "Zimmermannella helvola gen. nov., sp. nov., Zimmermannella alba sp. nov., Zimmermannella bifida sp. nov., Zimmermannella faecalis sp. nov. and Leucobacter albus sp. nov., novel members of the family Microbacteriaceae." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, no. 5 (September 1, 2004): 1669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02741-0.

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Seven strains of actinobacteria, isolated from soil, wounds, urine, cow faeces, human blood and butter, were characterized by a polyphasic approach to clarify their taxonomic position. On the basis of chemotaxonomy, 16S rRNA gene analysis and DNA relatedness, strain IAM 14851T can be classified within the cluster of the genus Leucobacter and is proposed as a novel species, Leucobacter albus sp. nov., with strain IAM 14851T (=TISTR 1515T) as the type strain. The other six strains formed a phylogenetically separate branch in the family Microbacteriaceae, having the following characteristics: the major menaquinones are MK-8 to MK-10, the DNA G+C content ranges from 62 to 68 mol%, the diamino acid in the cell wall is diaminobutyric acid and the muramic acid in the peptidoglycan is of the acetyl type. The major fatty acids are 12-methyltetradecanoic acid (anteiso-C15 : 0), hexadecanoic acid (C16 : 0), 14-methyl-pentadecanoic acid (iso-C16 : 0) and 14-methyl-hexadecanoic acid (anteiso-C17 : 0). On the basis of morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, together with DNA–DNA hybridization and 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison, the novel genus Zimmermannella gen. nov. is proposed for these six strains. Four novel species are proposed: Zimmermannella helvola sp. nov. (type species; type strain IAM 14726T=NBRC 15775T=DSM 20419T=TISTR 1509T), Zimmermannella alba sp. nov. (type strain IAM 14724T=NBRC 15616T=TISTR 1510T), Zimmermannella bifida sp. nov. (type strain IAM 14848T=TISTR 1511T) and Zimmermannella faecalis sp. nov. (type strain IAM 15030T=NBRC 15706T=ATCC 13722T=TISTR 1514T).

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Cividini, Angela, Ana Kaić, Dragomir Kompan, and Klemen Potočnik. "Fatty acid composition and sensory analysis in Boer kids meat." Archives Animal Breeding 57, no. 1 (May 19, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7482/0003-9438-57-007.

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Abstract. This study was undertaken to characterize the fatty acid profile and sensory properties of longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of Boer kids as affected by sex (17 male, 15 female) and slaughter weight (pre-weaned 20 kg, post-weaned 30 kg). Regarding sex differences, higher percentage amounts of lauric, myristic, pentadecanoic, linolenic and docosapentaenoic acids were found in LD muscle of male compared to female kids, whereas greater amounts of oleic acid were detected in LD muscle of female kids. Also, LD of male kids contained higher percentage amounts of saturated (SFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) while higher amounts of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were detected in LD of female kids. Regarding slaughter weight, percentage amounts of lauric, myristic, margaric, pentadecanoic, linolenic, linoleic, arachidonic and docosapentaenoic acids significantly decreased with age (P≤0.001), while percentage amounts of heptadecenoic and oleic acids significantly increased (P≤0.001). LD muscle from lighter kids contained higher percentage amounts of SFA and PUFA, while heavier kids had higher percentage amounts of MUFA and n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratio. Except meat colour, sensory traits (marbling, off-odour, flavour, juiciness and tenderness) were neither significantly affected by sex nor slaughter age.

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Marlen Trejo, Glennise Faye C. Mejica, Nuttapong Saetang, and Padivarada Lomlai. "Exploration of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in cyanobacteria for a wide range of algae-based biofuels." Maejo International Journal of Energy and Environmental Communication 2, no. 3 (December 8, 2020): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54279/mijeec.v2i3.245039.

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Due to high demand in the industry field, fuel supply has been reduced due to overconsumption. Algae served as the most promising biofuels; Cyanobacteria is preferred as a material for producing biodiesel based on the comparative advantage. Cyanobacteria can produce high lipids profiles that can be used to produce biofuel or biodiesel. The present investigation aimed to identify the application of Cyanobacteria that have proposed lipid standards for the algae biofuel industry. Three main objectives are involved in these experiments: to isolate and identify different strains of Cyanobacteria, convert the lipid from microalgae into biodiesel through transesterification, and estimate the proposed lipid standard of Cyanobacteria for the algae biofuel industry. The microalgae involve isolated using a plankton net. The water sample is brought into the lab for the identification of Cyanobacteria. After the Cyanobacteria are identified, the Cyanobacteria undergo mass cultivation to ensure the biomass is enough for lipid screening. After lipid content is identified, the lipid in the Cyanobacteria is extracted and further transesterification process. The GC analysis showed the variation of fatty acid in this cyanobacterium, a saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acid. The study also revealed that hexadecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid and pentadecanoic acid was found in Oscillatoria sp. Lipid screening can determine the quantity of lipid present in the Cyanobacteria to estimate the lipid content for biofuel production.

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Swantara, Made Dira, Wiwik Susanah Rita, Nyoman Suartha, and Kadek Karang Agustina. "Anticancer activities of toxic isolate of Xestospongia testudinaria sponge." Veterinary World 12, no. 9 (September 2019): 1434–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.1434-1440.

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Aim: The purposes of this study were to determine the anticancer activity of Xestospongia testudinaria sponge isolate and identify the responsible compounds. Materials and Methods: The metabolites were extracted using methanol maceration at room temperature. The separation and purification of metabolites were performed using fractionation and column chromatography. The toxicity was examined using the brine shrimp lethality assay, and the toxic isolates were tested for anticancer activity against HeLa cells. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was used to identify the compounds in the isolate. Results: When the methanol extract was partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, and n-butanol, the chloroform fraction was the most toxic, with a concentration that results in 50% lethality (LC50) value of 39.81 ppm. After separation of the chloroform extract, fraction B (FB) was the most toxic, with an LC50 value of 44.67 ppm. The isolate from FB showed anticancer activity with a concentration at which 50% of growth was inhibited (IC50) of 2.273 ppm. In total, 21 compounds were identified in anticancer isolates: Nonanedioic acid; tetradecanoic acid; trans-phytol; 2-pentadecanone- 6,10,14-trimethyl; pentadecanoic acid; 2-hexadecen-1-ol, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-; pentadecanoic acid; 2-hexadecen-1-ol, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-; 2,3,7-trimethyloctanal; palmitic acid; docosanoic acid, ethyl ester; 1,E-11,Z-13-octadecatriene; chloromethyl 4-chlorododecanoate; 1-tricosene; 9,12-octadecadienoic acid; 4,8,12,16-tetramethylheptadecan-4-olide; 1-docosene; heneicosane; phosphonic acid, dioctadecyl ester; dodecane,4,6-dimethyl-; n-tetratriacontane; 1-iodohexadecane; and n-heneicosane. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the isolate of X. testudinaria can be used as a natural anticancer toward HeLa cell.

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Nandhini, Sasi Usha, Radhika V, Manisha S, and Anusha Jeslin V. "PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES AND ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOUNDS FROM FRUIT OF THESPESIA POPULNEA." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2017): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i4.16759.

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Objectives: To study the phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial compounds from fruits of Thespesia populnea.Methods: The determination of antimicrobial activity of fruit extract was done by agar well diffusion method. Active compounds were extracted bydifferent solvent extraction methods. The presence of active compounds was confirmed by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transforminfrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS).Results: The active extract was identified by the GC-MS analysis and it was revealed that the presence of oleic acid, pentadecanoic acid, andN-hexadecanoic acid.Conclusion: This method adopted and extracted purified active metabolites and can be fruitfully employed for obtaining novel antibiotic compounds to treat human pathogenic bacterial and fungal diseases.Keywords: Thespesia populnea (L.), Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Antimicrobial, Phytochemical.

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Igwe, O. U., and D. E. Udofia. "Secondary Metabolites of the Cuticular Abdominal Glands of Variegated Grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus L.)." International Journal of Spectroscopy 2015 (September 7, 2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/901386.

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Chemical compounds were extracted with petroleum ether from the cuticular abdominal glands of grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus L.) and eleven compounds were characterised using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) technique in combination with Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The compounds analysed were 2,7-dimethyloctane (3.21%), decane (5.33%), undecane (3.81%), tridecanoic acid methyl ester (4.76%), hexadecanoic acid (9.37%), 11-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (23.18%), pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-methyl ester (4.43%), (Z)-13-docosenoic acid (10.71%), dodecyl pentafluoropropionate (9.52%), 2-dodecyl-1,3-propanediol (6.38%), and 1,12-tridecadiene (19.30%). FT-IR analysis of the extract showed peaks at 1270.17 (C–O and C–F), 1641.48 (C=C), 2937.68 (C–H), and 3430.51 (O–H) cm−1 indicating the presence of ether, alkene, alkane, alcohol, carboxylic acid, and fluoric compounds. These compounds consisted of 32.37% ester, 31.65% hydrocarbons, 20.08% fatty acid, 9.52% halogenated ester, and 6.38% alcohol. The highest component was 11-octadecenoic acid methyl ester followed by 1,12-tridecadiene. Since behavioural bioassays were not carried out, the consideration of these compounds to be pheromone semiochemicals remains a hypothesis.

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Prasad, P. B. V. "Cleavage marks on n-pentadecanoic acid films: Melt solidification." Crystal Research and Technology 25, no. 12 (December 1990): K298—K300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170251225.

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Falade, O. E., V. O. Oyetayo, and Samuel I. Awala. "Evaluation of the mycochemical composition and antimicrobial potency of wild macrofungus, Rigidoporus microporus (Sw)." Journal of Phytopharmacology 6, no. 2 (April 30, 2017): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2017.6209.

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This study examined the myochemical and antimicrobial properties of extracts obtained from Rigidoporus microporus (Sw), a wild, non- edible mushroom. Methanol and acetone extracts of R. microporus were screened qualitatively and quantitatively. Also the antimicrobial effect of the crude and partially purified fractions of the extracts of R. microporus was evaluated on clinical and referenced microbial cultures. The probable mechanism of action of the extract was assessed by measuring the amount of sodium and potassium ions leaked from the bacterial and fungal cells. In addition, the chemical compositions of mushroom extracts were analyzed using GC-MS and fragmentation analyses. Results of the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids and cardiac glycosides in the extracts with values ranging between 2.692 to 23.435 mg/g. Among the phytochemicals, terpenoids (23.65 mg/g) and cardiac glycosides (22.57 mg/g) were the most abundant while flavonoid (2.54 mg/g) was the least abundant in the mushroom extracts. The extracts produced varying antimicrobial activities with zones of inhibition ranging from 4.03 to 18.00mm. The methanol extract displayed better antimicrobial activities. Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 29853 and Aspergillus fumigatus were the most susceptible bacterial (16.77mm) and fungal isolate (18.00mm) respectively. Lesser minimum inhibitory concentration values were expressed by the extracts against the fungal isolates (6.25 mg/mL). The partially purified fractions of Rigidoporus microporus extracts exhibited better antimicrobial activities against the selected test organisms with zones of inhibition ranging from 10.17mm to 32.32mm. Candida albicans had the highest leakage of sodium (390 mg/L) and potassium (455 mg/L) when exposed to the mushroom extracts, whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa (80mg/L) and Klebsiella pnuemoniae (225 mg/L) produced the least amount of leaked sodium and potassium ion respectively. The bioactive compounds found in the extracts were hexadecane, n-hexadecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, octadecane, hexadecanoic acid, n-octadecenoic acid, di-n-octyl phthalate (1, 2- benzenedicarboxylic acid, dioctyl ester) and n-decanoic acid. These findings has shown that Rigidoporus microporus (Sw) collected from Ondo State, Nigeria could be considered a potential source of natural antimicrobials and could be exploited in the pharmaceutical industry.

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Adewale, Omowumi Oyeronke, Ekundayo Samuel, Michael Gbadegesin, Solomon Owumi, and Oyeronke Odunola. "ETHANOL EXTRACT OF Basella alba Linn MODULATES ACRYLAMIDE-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN WISTAR RATS." Journal of microbiology, biotechnology and food sciences 11, no. 5 (April 1, 2022): e1837. http://dx.doi.org/10.55251/jmbfs.1837.

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Acrylamide (AA), a common toxicant in processed foods is associated with cancer development via induction of oxidative stress. Therefore, the need for a potent antioxidant substance or compound that could ameliorate this toxic effect. Basella alba has been reported to have medicinal properties, and in this study, the anti-oxidative potentials of ethanol leaf extract of Basella alba (ELEBa) were assessed against oxidative stress induced by acrylamide in male Wistar rats (120-150g). Twenty (20) animals were grouped into four. Group 1: 1 ml/kg body weight (bwt.) distilled water (control), Group 2: 17.5 mg/kg bwt AA, Group 3: 17.5 mg/kg bwt AA+100 mg/kg bwt ELEBa, Group 4: 17.5 mg/kg bwt AA + 250 mg/kg bwt ELEBa. Treatment of animals was done orally and once daily for 14 days before sacrifice. The liver and kidney tissues were processed for the analyses of antioxidant activities. Serum was analyzed for hepatic and renal function bio markers in the treated animals. The plant’s bio active constituents were characterized by GC-MS. Acrylamide caused a significant (p < 0.05) ameliorated these values. GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of pentadecanoic acid, n‐hexadecanoic acid, cis‐13-octadecenoic acid, cis-vaccenic acid, oleic acid and octadecanoic acid. Our findings suggest that, ELEBa is a potential chemopreventive agent against acrylamide-induced oxidative stress in wistar rats.

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N, Pushpabharathi, Jayalakshmi M, Amudha P, and Vanitha V. "IDENTIFICATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN CYMODOCEA SERRULATA-A SEAGRASS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY–MASS SPECTROSCOPY." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 9 (September 7, 2018): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i9.26744.

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Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the lead phytocompounds present in the ethanol extract of the seagrass Cymodocea serrulata by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS).Methods: 1 kg of C. serrulata whole seagrass powder was subjected to extraction on polarity basis using five solvent such as hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water. Since ethanol extract showed a maximum antioxidant property, its phytochemicals were investigated using GCMS technique. The phytocompounds identified through GC were interpreted with mass spectra national institute standard and technology library.Result: The GCMS analysis of ethanol extract of C. serrulata identified peaks of six different compounds they are hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (7.70%), hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (4.11%), tetradecanoic acid (62.89%), pentadecanoic acid(62.89%), cholesta4, 6dien3ol (5.88%), and stigmasterol (19.42%).Conclusion: The GCMS study of C. serrulata ethanol extract unveils the presence of bioactive compounds that have a pharmacological and nutraceutical values.

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Wang, Xiao, and Haja N. Kadarmideen. "Metabolomics Analyses in High-Low Feed Efficient Dairy Cows Reveal Novel Biochemical Mechanisms and Predictive Biomarkers." Metabolites 9, no. 7 (July 23, 2019): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo9070151.

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Residual feed intake (RFI) is designed to estimate net efficiency of feed use, so low RFI animals are considered for selection to reduce feeding costs. However, metabolic profiling of cows and availability of predictive metabolic biomarkers for RFI are scarce. Therefore, this study aims to generate a better understanding of metabolic mechanisms behind low and high RFI in Jerseys and Holsteins and identify potential predictive metabolic biomarkers. Each metabolite was analyzed to reveal their associations with two RFIs in two breeds by a linear regression model. An integrative analysis of metabolomics and transcriptomics was performed to explore interactions between functionally related metabolites and genes in the created metabolite networks. We found that three main clusters were detected in the heat map and all identified fatty acids (palmitoleic, hexadecanoic, octadecanoic, heptadecanoic, and tetradecanoic acid) were grouped in a cluster. The lower cluster were all from fatty acids, including palmitoleic acid, hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, and tetradecanoic acid. The first component of the partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) explained a majority (61.5%) of variations of all metabolites. A good division between two breeds was also observed. Significant differences between low and high RFIs existed in the fatty acid group (P < 0.001). Statistical results revealed clearly significant differences between breeds; however, the association of individual metabolites (leucine, ornithine, pentadecanoic acid, and valine) with the RFI status was only marginally significant or not significant due to a lower sample size. The integrated gene-metabolite pathway analysis showed that pathway impact values were higher than those of a single metabolic pathway. Both types of pathway analyses revealed three important pathways, which were aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, and the citrate cycle (TCA cycle). Finally, one gene (2-hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase 1 (+HACL1)) associated with two metabolites (-α-ketoglutarate and succinic acid) were identified in the gene-metabolite interaction network. This study provided novel metabolic pathways and integrated metabolic-gene expression networks in high and low RFI Holstein and Jersey cattle, thereby providing a better understanding of novel biochemical mechanisms underlying variation in feed efficiency.

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Prasad, P. B. V. "Phase Transitions in n-Pentadecanoic Acid: A Polarization Microscopy Study." Crystal Research and Technology 26, no. 3 (1991): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170260324.

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Vinotha, S., A. Vijayan, and Anand Gideon V. "Preliminary phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis of methanolic extract of Turnera subulata Smith (Passifloraceae)." Journal of Phytopharmacology 6, no. 3 (June 24, 2017): 174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2017.6305.

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The investigation was carried out to determine the possible phytochemical constituents from aqueous, methanol and chloroform extracts of Turnera subulata leaf extracts. Among the phytochemical screening of these extracts, Methanolic extract showed that the leaf was rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins and quinones. The chemical composition of the plant leaf extract of T. subulata was investigated using Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectroscopy (Agilent-7890A GC instrument coupled with MS-5975) and NIST-MS library. GC-MS analysis of T. subulata plant leaf extract, revealed the existence of the GC-MS chromatogram of the major peaks presented in methanolic extract like Methyl 8,11,14-heptadecatrienoate (23.244%), Pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-,methyl ester (8.654%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (8.654%), 4H-Pyran4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl (6.598%), 1b,4a-Epoxy-2H-cyclopenta[3,4] cyclopropa[8,9]cycloundec[1,2-b] oxiren-5(1aH)-one(5.400%), 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1- ol(5.400%), etc. From this study it is obvious that T. subulata leaf extract contains many biologically active compounds and also it gives a detailed insight about the phytochemical profile which could be exploited for the development of plant based drug.

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Zulbayu, La Ode Muhammad Andi, Endang Lukitaningsih, and Rumiyati Rumiyati. "GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Ethanol and Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Grapefruit (Citrus maxima L.) Rind." Borneo Journal of Pharmacy 4, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/bjop.v4i1.1665.

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The grapefruit (Citrus maxima L.) is a plant known by the public as a fruit consumed with various properties. This plant's use is well known, such as antioxidants, enhancing immunity, anti-aging, and antibacterial properties. This study aimed to identify and analyze the chemical compounds contained in C. maxima rind. The extract was obtained by the maceration method using ethanol and ethyl acetate as solvents. The fractionation process was carried out by Column Chromatography. Observation of thin-layer chromatography profiles with UV lamps 254 and 366 nm. Analysis of chemical compound components using GC-MS and data interpretation based on the Wiley 7.0 data library. The interpretation results of the EF1 fraction are β-copaen-4-α-ol; pentadecanoic acid; hexadecanoic acid; tetradecanoic acid; dotriacontane; osthol; 2H-1-benzopyran-2-one, 7-methoxy-8-(3-methyl-2-oxobutyl); furfural; 6-(2,3-Dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-7-methoxycoumarin; and 6-(iodomethyl)-5-methyl-4-oxahexanolide. The chemical compounds identified in EAF2 are 1-octadecanol; decane; tetracosane; hexacosane; and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid (2-ethylhexyl) ester. It can be concluded that these compounds have biological and pharmacological activities.

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Ara, Ismet, and Takuji Kudo. "Three novel species of the genus Catellatospora, Catellatospora chokoriensis sp. nov., Catellatospora coxensis sp. nov. and Catellatospora bangladeshensis sp. nov., and transfer of Catellatospora citrea subsp. methionotrophica Asano and Kawamoto 1988 to Catellatospora methionotrophica sp. nov., comb. nov." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63862-0.

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Three Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, mesophilic strains, designated 2-25(1)T, 2-29(17)T and 2-70(23)T, were isolated from sandy soil from Chokoria, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. The organisms produce short chains of non-motile spores that emerge singly or in tufts from vegetative hyphae on the surface of agar media. A comparative phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates formed a distinct clade within the evolutionary radiation of the family Micromonosporaceae and clustered with members of the genus Catellatospora. The nearest neighbours were Catellatospora citrea subsp. citrea and C. citrea subsp. methionotrophica. Chemotaxonomic data, such as the presence of meso- and 3-hydroxy-diaminopimelic acids, N-glycolyl type muramic acid, arabinose and xylose and glucose in whole-cell hydrolysates, phosphatidylethanolamine as a diagnostic phospholipid, a tetrahydrogenated menaquinone with 9 isoprene units as a major menaquinone and fatty acid profiles predominated by iso-branched hexadecanoic acid and iso-branched pentadecanoic acid, supported the affiliation of the novel isolates to the genus Catellatospora. The results of DNA–DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed the novel isolates to be differentiated genotypically and phenotypically from the three recognized Catellatospora species. The three isolates therefore represent novel species for which the names Catellatospora chokoriensis sp. nov. [type strain 2-25(1)T=JCM 12950T=DSM 44900T], Catellatospora coxensis sp. nov. [type strain 2-29(17)T=JCM 12951T=DSM 44901T] and Catellatospora bangladeshensis sp. nov. [type strain 2-70(23)T=JCM 12949T=DSM 44899T], are proposed. DNA–DNA hybridization tests with C. citrea subsp. citrea and C. citrea subsp. methionotrophica, in combination with chemotaxonomic and physiological data, demonstrated that C. citrea subsp. methionotrophica should be elevated to a separate species for which the name Catellatospora methionotrophica sp. nov., comb. nov. is proposed (type strain JCM 7543T=DSM 44098T).

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Shah, Muhammad Dawood, and Mohammad Iqbal. "ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND TOTAL POLYPHENOLICS CONTENT OF ESSENTIAL OIL, METHANOL EXTRACT AND METHANOL FRACTIONS FROM COMMELINA NUDIFLORA." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i8.25922.

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Objective: In the present study, the essential oil, methanol extract, and methanol fractions (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) obtained from Commelina nudiflora were investigated for the free radical scavenging effects and phytochemical analysis.Methods: The antioxidative effect of the essential oil, methanol extracts and methanol fractions were evaluated using 2, 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Total phenolic and ﬂavonoid contents were determined using Folin-Ciocalteau and aluminium chloride reagents respectively. The phytochemical analyses of the essential oil, methanol extracts and methanol fractions were performed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GCMS). Results: The antioxidant, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of butanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions were higher followed by methanol extract, hexane fraction and essential oil. Phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of alkaloid, saponin, steroid, phytosterols, triterpenoids and tannins etc. The identified bioactive constituents of essential oil, methanol extract and methanol fractions of C. nudiflora were indole, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, 2-pentadecanone, 6,10,14-trimethyl, phenol, benzyl alcohol, eugenol, phenol, 2, 4-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl), hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (palmitic acid ester), n-hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid), 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid, (linoleic acid) and phytol. All identified bioactive compounds and their derivatives were generally reported with antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties.Conclusion: The obtained data suggest that the essential oil, methanol extract and methanol fractions of C. nudiflora possess remarkable antioxidant activities and vital phytochemicals. Thus the plant can be a utilized as a potential source of nutraceutical with antioxidant activity.

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Olu, Joshua, Hajara O. YUSUF, Fatima DANTANKO, Olusegun A. ADETUNJI,, and Shakirat O. AJENIFUJAH -SOLEBO. "Calotropis procera Leaves and Fruits Phytochemical and GCMS Analysis and Evaluation of their Methanolic Extracts Antimicrobial effect on Isolated Bacteria." Plant Science Journal 1, no. 1 (December 18, 2022): 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/psj/2202.10.0130.

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This study was conducted to investigate the bioactive and chemical components, ethnobotany and pharmacological activities of Calotropis procera leaves and fruits with a focus on its antimicrobial effect on isolated bacteria. To prepare the plant extract, methanol was used as the solvent, for evaluation of the bioactive compounds and their concentration in the plant extracts hence, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis was conducted respectively. The GCMS analysis was conducted for further determination of the chemical composition of the plant parts. The antimicrobial impacts of the plant leaves and fruits methanolic extracts were carried out against assay organisms which were bacterial group and they include Standard and clinical strains of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Bacillus subtilis clinical, Staphylococcus aureus β-haemolytic strain and clinical, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi clinical, Klebsiella pneumonia clinical, Escherichia coli and Proteus sp. Clinical strain. This study showed the presences of some phytochemical compounds such as tannin, alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid etc. in C. procera leaves and fruits at varying concentration. The GCMS analysis revealed that Pentadecanoic acid and n-Hexadecanoic acid were detected in both leaves and fruits of C. procera extracts. Furthermore, methanolic extract of the plant leaves had antibacterial effect potency towards Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, while the fruit extract had no antibacterial effect against the assay organism.

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Earnshaw, J. C., and P. J. Winch. "Viscoelasticity of monolayers of n-pentadecanoic acid: a light scattering study." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 2, no. 42 (October 22, 1990): 8499–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/2/42/026.

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Simões-Wüst, Ana Paula, Carolina Moltó-Puigmartí, Eugene HJM Jansen, Martien CJM van Dongen, Pieter C. Dagnelie, and Carel Thijs. "Organic food consumption during pregnancy and its association with health-related characteristics: the KOALA Birth Cohort Study." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 12 (June 19, 2017): 2145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017001215.

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AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the associations of organic food consumption with maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, hypertension and diabetes in pregnancy, and several blood biomarkers of pregnant women.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingPregnant women were recruited at midwives’ practices and through channels related to consumption of food from organic origin.SubjectsPregnant women who filled in FFQ and donated a blood sample (n 1339). Participant groups were defined based on the share of consumed organic products; to discriminate between effects of food origin and food patterns, healthy diet indicators were considered in some statistical models.ResultsConsumption of organic food was associated with a more favourable pre-pregnancy BMI and lower prevalence of gestational diabetes. Compared with participants consuming no organic food (reference group), a marker of dairy products intake (pentadecanoic acid) and trans-fatty acids from natural origin (vaccenic and rumenic acids) were higher among participants consuming organic food (organic groups), whereas elaidic acid, a marker of the intake of trans-fatty acids found in industrially hydrogenated fats, was lower. Plasma levels of homocysteine and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were lower in the organic groups than in the reference group. Differences in pentadecanoic acid, vaccenic acid and vitamin D retained statistical significance when correcting for indicators of the healthy diet pattern associated with the consumption of organic food.ConclusionsConsumption of organic food during pregnancy is associated with several health-related characteristics and blood biomarkers. Part of the observed associations is explained by food patterns accompanying the consumption of organic food.

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Murugesu, Suganya, Zalikha Ibrahim, Qamar-Uddin Ahmed, Nik-Idris Nik Yusoff, Bisha-Fathamah Uzir, Vikneswari Perumal, Faridah Abas, Khozirah Saari, Hesham El-Seedi, and Alfi Khatib. "Characterization of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Clinacanthus nutans Lindau Leaves by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics and Molecular Docking Simulation." Molecules 23, no. 9 (September 19, 2018): 2402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092402.

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Background: Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans) is an Acanthaceae herbal shrub traditionally consumed to treat various diseases including diabetes in Malaysia. This study was designed to evaluate the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of C. nutans leaves extracts, and to identify the metabolites responsible for the bioactivity. Methods: Crude extract obtained from the dried leaves using 80% methanolic solution was further partitioned using different polarity solvents. The resultant extracts were investigated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory potential followed by metabolites profiling using the gas chromatography tandem with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: Multivariate data analysis was developed by correlating the bioactivity, and GC-MS data generated a suitable partial least square (PLS) model resulting in 11 bioactive compounds, namely, palmitic acid, phytol, hexadecanoic acid (methyl ester), 1-monopalmitin, stigmast-5-ene, pentadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, 1-linolenoylglycerol, glycerol monostearate, alpha-tocospiro B, and stigmasterol. In-silico study via molecular docking was carried out using the crystal structure Saccharomyces cerevisiae isomaltase (PDB code: 3A4A). Interactions between the inhibitors and the protein were predicted involving residues, namely LYS156, THR310, PRO312, LEU313, GLU411, and ASN415 with hydrogen bond, while PHE314 and ARG315 with hydrophobic bonding. Conclusion: The study provides informative data on the potential α-glucosidase inhibitors identified in C. nutans leaves, indicating the plant’s therapeutic effect to manage hyperglycemia.

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Boxberger, Manon, Sibylle Magnien, Angéline Antezack, Clara Rolland, Marine Makoa, Bernard La-Scola, and Nadim Cassir. "Brachybacterium epidermidis Sp. Nov., a Novel Bacterial Species Isolated from the Back of the Right Hand, in a 67-Year-Old Healthy Woman." International Journal of Microbiology 2022 (March 29, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2875994.

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Knowledge on human skin microbiota composition has been expanding in recent years. Its role in human health and disease represents an active area of investigation. As part of our culturomics project that consists of exploring the human microbiota by isolating bacteria through innovative culture-dependent methods, we isolated a new bacterial strain from the back of the right hand, in a 67-year-old healthy woman. Here, we characterize the strain Marseille-Q2903 by the taxonogenomic approach. Marseille-Q2903 exhibits a 99.5% 16S rRNA sequence similarity with Brachybacterium murisT but with only 92% of coverage. The closest species based on a 100% coverage of the 16S sequence is Brachybacterium timonenseT with an identity similarity of 97.63%. Furthermore, digital DNA-DNA hybridization reveals a maximum identity similarity of only 31.5% and an OrthoANI parameter provided a value of 86.95% between Marseille-Q2903 and Brachybacterium murisT. Marseille-Q2903 is a yellowish-pigmented, Gram-positive, coccoid shaped, and facultative aerobic bacterium, and belonging to the Dermabacteraceae family. The major fatty acids detected are 12-methyl-tetradecanoic acid (69%), 14-methyl-hexadecanoic acid (16%), and 14-methyl-pentadecanoic acid (7%). Marseille-Q2903 genome size is of 3,073,790 bp, with a 70.43% G + C content. Taken altogether, these results confirm the status of this strain as a new member of the Brachybacterium genus for which the name of Brachybacterium epidermidis sp. strain Marseille-Q2903T is proposed (=CSURQ2903T = CECT30363).

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Prasad, P. B. V. "Interaction of steps and creation of channel-like structures: n-Pentadecanoic acid." Crystal Research and Technology 23, no. 6 (June 1988): K93—K96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170230624.

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Matuo, H., and D. A. Cadenhead. "Mixed monolayers of straight and branched chain fatty acids Part 1: Mixed monolayers of n-tridecanoic, n-tetradecanoic and n-pentadecanoic acids with the iso-fatty acids 13-methyltetradecanoic acid, 14-methylpentadecanoic acid, 15-methylhexadecanoic acid, 16-methylheptadecanoic acid and 17-methyloctadecanoic acid." Colloids and Surfaces 41 (January 1989): 287–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-6622(89)80059-9.

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Momodu, I. B., E. S. Okungbowa, B. O. Agoreyo, and M. M. Maliki. "Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry Identification of Bioactive Compounds in Methanol and Aqueous Seed Extracts of Azanza garckeana Fruits." Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology 38, no. 1 (June 6, 2022): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njb.v38i1.3s.

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Azanza garckeana is a tropical fruit plant found in Africa. Its edible fruit is used as food or herbal medicines, while the seeds are discarded. In an attempt to turn waste to wealth and obtain useful substances from it, this study was carried out to identify the bioactive compounds with nutritional and health-promoting benefits present in methanol and aqueous extracts of the seeds of this fruit. Freshly harvested few fruits of A. garckeana containing the seeds were obtained from Tula in Kaltungo LGA, Gombe State, Nigeria. They were identified and authenticated at the Forest Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN), Ibadan, Nigeria. The pulverized seeds were used to obtain methanol and aqueous extracts and subjected to GC-MS analysis. The results of the study revealed the presence of thirtyeight bioactive compounds which have been reported to have anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-androgenic, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective properties. Among these compounds are the following with reported biological functions namely: Pentadecanoic acid, Octadecadienoic acid, Hexadecanoic acid, Tetradecanoic acid, Heneicosane, 2-Methyltetracosane and Methyl stearate. There concentrations range from 0.33% for 9-Octadecenoic acid-methyl ester (Methyl oleate) to 24.3% for 9,12– octadecadienoic acid-(z-z) (Linoleic acid) in methanol extract. In the aqueous extract, the bioactive components measured 0.18% (lowest) for Dodecane, 2,6,11-trimethyl- and 2-Methyltetracosane (Isopentacosone) to 7.34% (highest) for 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)- (Oleic acid). Other compounds without known reported functions are 10,13-Octadecadienoic acid, 9-Octadecenoic acid 12-hydroxy-methyl ester [R-(Z)]- and 1,13-Tetradecadiene among others. The seeds of A. garckeana have useful constituents that can be exploited for health benefits.

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Santoso, U., Y. Fenita, and K. Kususiyah. "The usefulness of fermented katuk (Sauropus androgynus) plus bay leaves to modify fat accumulation, cholesterol and chemical composition of broiler meat." Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 44, no. 1 (March 21, 2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.44.1.84-95.

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The usefulness of the addition of fermented herbs (katuk/Sauropus androgynusplus bay leaves) onfat accumulation, and chemical, amino acids and fatty acids composition ofbroiler meats was investigated.At 15 days of age, 280female broilers were divided into seven treatments, as follows:T0) the control;T1) broilers were given a ration with 2.5% fermented katuk plus bay leaf mixture formula 1;T2) broilerswere givena ration with 2.5% fermented katuk plus bay leaf mixture formula 2;T3) broilerswere givena ration with2.5% fermented katuk plus bay leaf mixture formula 3;T4) broilers were given a rationswith 5% fermented katuk plus bay leaf mixture formula 1;T5) broilers were givena ration with 5% fermented katuk plus bay leaf mixture formula 2;T6) broilers were givena ration with 5% fermented katuk plus bay leaf mixture formula 3. The results of this study showed that the administration of fermented herbs to the ration significantly reduced abdominal fat, gizzard fat, total fat deposition, meat fat, and cholesterol contents. Their inclusions changed calcium, iron, moisture, serine, threonine, arginine, valine, lysine, methionine, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid, cis-11,14-eicosadienoic acid, cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid, and n-3 unsaturated fatty acids of female broiler meats. It can be concluded that administration of fermented herbs formula 2 at5% levels producedchicken meat with lowerfat and cholesterol levels, but higher protein, minerals and n-3 unsaturated fatty acidslevels.

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Ernes, Atmiral, Poppy Diana Sari, Rukmi Sari Hartati, and I. Nyoman Suprapta Winaya. "Biodiesel Production From Sardine Flour Used Cooking Oil Using One Step Transesterification Techniques." Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology 3, no. 2 (August 31, 2019): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32530/jaast.v3i2.109.

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Diesel oil demand as energy source at industrial, transportation and electric generating sector are increasing and it resulted with the decreasing of fossil energy source backup. Biodiesel as an alternative energy source to substitute diesel oil can be utilized from used fried oil of sardine flour. The purpose of this research was to develop the technology to convert used fried oil of sardine flour to become biodiesel using one step trans-esterification technic as an alternative of renewable energy source and also to utilize waste of used oil. Biodiesel made using one step trans-esterification technic with NaOH catalyst concentration 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 (% m/m) from total weight of oil and methanol. Trans-esterification process run for 30, 60 and 90 minutes at 65 temperature. The biodiesel obtained was analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The quality was determined by comparing its physicochemical properties and compared to the SNI standard 04-7182-2015. The result of GC-MS showed 10 peaks corresponding to ten methyl ester (biodiesel): octanoic acid methyl ester; decanoic acid methyl ester; dodecanoic methyl ester; tridecanoic acid, 12-methyl-, methyl ester; pentadecanoic acid methyl ester; hexadecatrienoic acid methyl ester, 9-hexadecenoic acid methyl ester, 9-hexadecenoic acid methyl ester, trans-13-octadecenoic acid methyl ester, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester. The biodiesel obtained has a density of 908 kg/m3, viscosity of 3.13 mm2/s, acid value of 0.29 mg-KOH/g found in treatment 1.5% NaOH and time process of 60 minutes. Viscosity and acid value were in a good agreement with SNI standard 04-7182-2015. The research shows that used fried oil of sardine flour has possibility as biodiesel source. Keywords: Biodiesel; sardine flour used cooking oil; trans-esterification

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Winch, P. J., and J. C. Earnshaw. "A light scattering study of phase transitions in monolayers of n-pentadecanoic acid." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 1, no. 39 (October 2, 1989): 7187–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/1/39/029.

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Prasad, P. B. V. "The effect of decrease in supercooling on the growth rates: n-Pentadecanoic acid." Crystal Research and Technology 24, no. 8 (August 1989): 779–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170240810.

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Prasad, P. B. V. "Growth rate studies on n-pentadecanoic acid crystals: Reversibility of A′ → B′ transition." Crystal Research and Technology 24, no. 12 (December 1989): 1223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170241207.

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Wang, Zhen, Dong Hao Wang, Yuliya Goykhman, Yuanyuan Yan, Peter Lawrence, Kumar S. D. Kothapalli, and J. Thomas Brenna. "The elongation of very long-chain fatty acid 6 gene product catalyses elongation of n-13 : 0 and n-15 : 0 odd-chain SFA in human cells." British Journal of Nutrition 121, no. 3 (January 3, 2019): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114518003185.

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AbstractNormal odd-chain SFA (OCSFA), particularly tridecanoic acid (n-13 : 0), pentadecanoic acid (n-15 : 0) and heptadecanoic acid (n-17 : 0), are normal components of dairy products, beef and seafood. The ratio of n-15 : 0:n-17 : 0 in ruminant foods (dairy products and beef) is 2:1, while in seafood and human tissues it is 1:2, and their appearance in plasma is often used as a marker for ruminant fat intake. Human elongases encoded by elongation of very long-chain fatty acid (ELOVL)1, ELOVL3, ELOVL6 and ELOVL7 catalyse biosynthesis of the dominant even-chain SFA; however, there are no reports of elongase function on OCSFA. ELOVL transfected MCF7 cells were treated with n-13 : 0, n-15 : 0 or n-17 : 0 (80 µm) and products analysed. ELOVL6 catalysed elongation of n-13 : 0→n-15 : 0 and n-15 : 0→n-17 : 0; and ELOVL7 had modest activity toward n-15 : 0 (n-15 : 0→n-17 : 0). No elongation activity was detected for n-17 : 0→n-19 : 0. Our data expand ELOVL specificity to OCSFA, providing the first molecular evidence demonstrating ELOVL6 as the major elongase acting on OCSFA n-13 : 0 and n-15 : 0 fatty acids. Studies of food intake relying on OCSFA as a biomarker should consider endogenous human metabolism when relying on OCSFA ratios to indicate specific food intake.

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Lee, Byung Chul, Dong Hyun Kim, Jae Hak Lee, Hyun Ju Sung, Yearn Seong Choe, Dae Yoon Chi, Kyung-Han Lee, Yong Choi, and Byung-Tae Kim. "99mTc(CO)3-15-[N-(Acetyloxy)-2-picolylamino]pentadecanoic Acid: A Potential Radiotracer for Evaluation of Fatty Acid Metabolism." Bioconjugate Chemistry 18, no. 4 (July 2007): 1332–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bc060299w.

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Rasheed, Hafiz Majid, Fazli Wahid, Muhammad Ikram, Muhammad Qaisar, Abdul Jabbar Shah, and Taous Khan. "Chemical profiling and anti-breast cancer potential of hexane fraction of Sphaeranthus indicus flowers." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 20, no. 9 (November 8, 2021): 1931–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v20i9.21.

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Purpose: The current study aimed to determine the phytochemicals and anti-breast cancer potential of Sphaeranthus indicus.Methods: S. indicus flowers were extracted with methanol followed by fractionation using n-hexane. For the chemical composition of n-hexane fraction, qualitative phytochemical and GC-MS analysis were performed. The anti-proliferative activity was measured by MTT assay, whereas, cytotoxic and proapoptotic effects in MCF-7 (breast cancer) cells were determined using propidium iodide, 4′,6-diamidino- 2-phenylindole, dichlorofluorescin diacetate, and JC-1 staining through fluorescent microscopy.Results: The phytochemical analysis indicated presence of phytosterols, oils and resins in the nhexane fraction. GC-MS analysis showed that n-hexane fraction comprises of 11 compounds including methyl esters of caprylic acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and behanic acid. The tested fraction showed remarkable cytotoxic activity against breast cancer (MCF-7) cells while it was found less toxic towards non-cancerous (BHK-21) cells. Furthermore, morphological assessment through fluorescent microscopy revealed cytotoxic and apoptotic effects by improved cell membrane permeability, increased reactive oxygen species level, compromised mitochondrial activity and condensation of chromatin network.Conclusion: The n-hexane fraction of S. indicus contains phytosterols, oils and fatty acid methyl esters and produced apoptotic effect against breast cancer cells.

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Pallas, Norman R., and Brian A. Pethica. "The liquid–vapour transition in monolayers of n-pentadecanoic acid at the air/water interface." Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases 83, no. 3 (1987): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/f19878300585.

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Iqbal, Arshad, Ayaz Ali Sher, Naveed Muhammad, Syed Lal Badshah, Abdul-Hamid Emwas, and Mariusz Jaremko. "Extraction and Fractionation of Prokinetic Phytochemicals from Chrozophora tinctoria and Their Bioactivities." Molecules 27, no. 13 (July 5, 2022): 4321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134321.

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Chrozophora tinctoria is an annual plant of the family Euphorbiaceae, traditionally used as a laxative, a cathartic and an emetic. A methanolic extract of Chrozophora tinctoria (MEC) whole plant and an n-butanol fraction of Chrozophora tinctoria (NBFC) were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to detect the phytochemicals. MEC and NBFC were tested for in vitro anti acetylcholinesterase (AChE) potential. The effect of both samples on intestinal propulsive movement and spasmolytic activity in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) was also studied. About twelve compounds in MEC and three compounds in NBFC were tentatively identified through GC-MS. Some of them are compounds with known therapeutic activity, such as toluene; imipramine; undecane; 14-methyl-pentadecanoic acid methyl ester; and hexadecanoic acid. Both NBFC and MEC samples were checked for acute toxicity and were found to be highly toxic in a dose-dependent manner, causing diarrhea and emesis at 1 g/kg concentration in pigeons, with the highest lethargy and mortality above 3 g/kg. Both the samples of Chrozophora tinctoria revealed significant (p ≤ 0.01) laxative activity against metronidazole (7 mg/kg) and loperamide hydrochloride (4 mg/kg)-induced constipation. NBFC (81.18 ± 2.5%) and MEC (68.28 ± 2.4%) significantly increased charcoal meal intestinal transit compared to distal water (41.15 ± 4.3%). NBFC exhibited a significant relaxant effect (EC50 = 3.40 ± 0.20 mg/mL) in spontaneous rabbit jejunum as compared to MEC (EC50 = 4.34 ± 0.68 mg/kg). Similarly, the impact of NBFC on KCl-induced contraction was more significant than that of MEC (EC50 values of 7.22 ± 0.06 mg/mL and 7.47 ± 0.57 mg/mL, respectively). The present study scientifically validates the folk use of Chrozophora tinctoria in the management of gastrointestinal diseases such as constipation. Further work is needed to isolate the phytochemicals that act as diarrheal agents in Chrozophora tinctoria.

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MALAWET, Tarnhatai, Phuwadol BANGRAK, Yuwadee PEERAPORNPISAL, and Niyom KAMLANGDEE. "Newly Isolated High Squalene Producing Thraustochytrid Strain Aurantochytrium sp. P5/2 from Mangrove Habitats in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand." Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST) 17, no. 3 (June 20, 2019): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2020.6476.

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Thraustochytrids are alternative potential sources of squalene, because they grow rapidly, are relatively easy to culture, and accumulate in large amounts. The objectives of this research were to isolate squalene-producing Thraustochytrids from fallen leaves in Paknakon Bay, including Paknakon Mangrove forest (N), Pakpanang Mangrove forest (P) and Thasala Mangrove forest (T), Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand, and to investigate their total lipid profile and squalene contents. A total of nine Thraustochytrid isolates were obtained.Morphological and molecular features revealed that those Thraustochytrids belonged to the genus Aurantiochytrium (N1, N14, P1/1, P5/2, P6/1, P43, T1, T26, and T42). Subsequently, they were cultivated and their cell dry weight, fatty acid compositions, and squalene contents were analyzed. At 96 h of cultivation, the dry cell weights ranged from 7.51 to 17.43 mg/g. The total lipid profile showed a broad spectrum of saturated fatty acids with an abundance of palmitic acid (16:0), 24.72 - 41.06 % TFA, pentadecanoic acid (15:0) 16.75 - 28.48 % TFA, heptadecanoic acid (17:0) 4.19 - 7.67 % TFA, lignoceric acid (24:0) 2.76 - 8.83 % TFA, myristic acid (14:0) 2.17 - 3.43 % TFA, stearic acid (18:0) 0.83 - 1.32 % TFA, arachidic acid (20:0) 0.19 - 0.33 % TFA, and behenic acid (22:0) 0.19 - 0.21 % TFA, respectively. Unsaturated fatty acids, including Docosahexaaenoic acid (22:6; 8.59 - 35.99 % TFA), Clupanodonic acid (22:5, 2.24 - 8.94 % TFA), Arachidonic acid (20:4, 0.32 - 0.60 % TFA), Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5, 0.19 - 0.62 % TFA), Linolenic acid (18:3, 0.12 - 0.18 % TFA), and Erucic acid (22:1; 0.02 - 0.09 % TFA) were also found. The squalene contents ranged from 0.06 to 4.78 mg/g. The highest biomass and squalene-accumulation was achieved from strain P5/2, which was identified as Aurantiochytrium sp.ม with a maximum yield of 4.78 mg/g at 96 h of cultivation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pentadecanoic acid and n-hexadecanoic acid'

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