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Journal articles on the topic 'Pentlandit'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Tilley, Janette. "Representations of Gender in Barbara Pentland's Disasters of the Sun." Canadian University Music Review 22, no. 2 (March 4, 2013): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1014507ar.

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Barbara Pentland (1912–2000) will be remembered as a leading figure in Canadian music, but she regarded her success as hard won. She viewed her career as a struggle against sexual discrimination, and though an advocate of equal rights and social justice, Pentland nevertheless disliked discussing notions of gender and her vocation, claiming it drew attention away from her compositions: she was a composer first and a woman second. Her reticence has a single exception in her 1976 song cycle Disasters of the Sun. As her only work to explore explicitly gender relations, Disasters provides a step towards gaining greater insight into Pentland's attitudes toward gender difference and identity.

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2

Grguric, B. A. "Hypogene violarite of exsolution origin from Mount Keith, Western Australia: field evidence for a stable pentlandite–violarite tie line." Mineralogical Magazine 66, no. 2 (April 2002): 313–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461026620032.

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AbstractIn most documented occurrences, violarite (FeNi2S4) occurs as a product of the supergene alteration of primary pentlandite or millerite. Earlier experimental phase relations studies predicted the possible existence of a stable violarite–pentlandite tie line, though there has been little field evidence supporting this hypothesis, and the preferred topology in the Ni-Fe-S system involves a pyrite–millerite tie line. This paper documents the occurrence of violarite-pentlandite±pyrite assemblages which, on the basis of mineral chemistry and textural evidence, appear to be hypogene. Primary cobaltian violarite (with 2.1–13.2 wt.% Co) occurs as lamellae in pentlandite in the MKD5 nickel sulphide orebody at Mount Keith, central Western Australia. These lamellae are interpreted to be of exsolution origin. Cobalt is preferentially partitioned into violarite, resulting in high Ni:Co ratios in the associated pentlandite relative to pentlandite in violarite-free assemblages. Hypogene violarite-millerite±pentlandite assemblages were also noted. In all hypogene assemblages, violarite differs in both textural and mineral chemical characteristics from supergene violarite from the upper portions of the MKD5 orebody. The implications of the assemblages for the known low-temperature phase relations in the Ni-Fe-S-(Co) system are discussed.

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3

Silva, Bruno Venancio da, Filipe Goulart Lima, Rafael Rodrigues Assis, Antenor Zanardo, and Daniel Françoso de Godoy. "Contribuição dos processos magmáticos e tectono-metamórficos na gênese dos minérios sulfetados de Ni-Cu de Mangabal I e Mangabal II, Goiás, Brasil." Geologia USP. Série Científica 20, no. 2 (April 16, 2020): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v20-142137.

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Os complexos estratiformes Mangabal I e Mangabal II fazem parte de um conjunto de intrusões máfico-ultramáficas sinorogênicas, brasilianas, que ocorrem na região central do Brasil. Neste trabalho, são apresentados novos dados petrográficos e de microscopia eletrônica de varredura dos sulfetos de Ni-Cu de ambos os complexos. Em um litotipo com textura cumulática preservada, ocorrem as associações pirrotita-pentlandita e pirrotita-pentlandita-calcopirita na forma de glóbulos de sulfetos intercumulus. A pirrotita apresenta conteúdos de ferro entre 64,9 e 65,5%, a pentlandita apresenta conteúdos de níquel entre 14,6 e 25,3% e a calcopirita apresenta conteúdos de cobre entre 29,1 e 31,5%. Nos litotipos intensamente transformados pelo metamorfismo e que não preservam textura ígnea, ocorrem as associações pirrotita-pentlandita, pirrotita-pentlandita-calcopirita e pirrotita-pentlandita-calcopirita-pirita, todas associadas a concentrações variadas de rutilo. Essas associações apresentam pirrotita com conteúdos de ferro entre 59,1 e 62,1%, pentlandita com conteúdos de níquel entre 15 e 40% e calcopirita com conteúdos de cobre entre 32,9 e 36,6%. A associação pentlandita-pirita, bem como vênulas compostas de pirita ou calcopirita, constituem fases de substituição e remobilização dos sulfetos preexistentes. Baseando-se na mineralogia, na textura e nos conteúdos de metais base, observa-se que as associações de sulfetos encontradas nos litotipos intensamente transformados pelo metamorfismo são semelhantes em ambos os complexos e diferem das associações encontradas no litotipo que preserva textura ígnea. Dessa forma, sugere-se que os processos tectono-metamórficos atribuídos ao Ciclo Brasiliano ocasionaram remobilizações e mudanças químicas nos sulfetos de Ni-Cu dos complexos Mangabal I e Mangabal II.

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4

Barnes, Stephen J., Valentina Taranovic, Louise E. Schoneveld, Eduardo T. Mansur, Margaux Le Vaillant, Sarah Dare, Sebastian Staude, Noreen J. Evans, and Daryl Blanks. "The Occurrence and Origin of Pentlandite-Chalcopyrite-Pyrrhotite Loop Textures in Magmatic Ni-Cu Sulfide Ores." Economic Geology 115, no. 8 (August 24, 2020): 1777–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4757.

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Abstract Pentlandite is the dominant Ni-hosting ore mineral in most magmatic sulfide deposits and has conventionally been interpreted as being entirely generated by solid-state exsolution from the high-temperature monosulfide solid solution (MSS) (Fe,Ni)1–xS. This process gives rise to the development of loops of pentlandite surrounding pyrrhotite grains. Recently it has been recognized that not all pentlandite forms by exsolution. Some may form as the result of peritectic reaction between early formed MSS and residual Ni-Cu–rich sulfide liquid during differentiation of the sulfide melt, such that at least some loop textures may be genuinely magmatic in origin. Testing this hypothesis involved microbeam X-ray fluorescence mapping to image pentlandite-pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite intergrowths from a range of different deposits. These deposits exemplify slowly cooled magmatic environments (Nova, Western Australia; Sudbury, Canada), globular ores from shallow-level intrusions (Norilsk, Siberia), extrusive komatiite-hosted ores from low and high metamorphic-grade terranes, and a number of other deposits. Our approach was complemented by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analysis of palladium in varying textural types of pentlandite within these deposits. Pentlandite forming coarse granular aggregates, together with loop-textured pentlandite where chalcopyrite also forms part of the loop framework, consistently has the highest Pd content compared with pentlandite clearly exsolved as lamellae from MSS or pyrrhotite. This is consistent with much of granular and loop pentlandite being formed by peritectic reaction between Pd-rich residual sulfide liquid and early crystallized MSS, rather than forming entirely by subsolidus grain boundary exsolution from MSS, as has hitherto been assumed. The wide range of Pd contents in pentlandite in individual samples reflects a continuum of processes between peritectic reaction and grain boundary exsolution. Textures in metamorphically recrystallized ores are distinctly different from loop-textured ores, implying that loop textures cannot be regenerated (except in special circumstances) by metamorphic recrystallization of original magmatic-textured ores. The presence of loop textures can therefore be taken as evidence of a lack of penetrative deformation and remobilization at submagmatic temperatures, a conclusion of particular significance to the interpretation of the Nova deposit as having formed synchronously with the peak of regional deformation at temperatures within the sulfide melting range.

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5

Chaumba, Jeff B., and Caston T. Musa. "Formation of the main sulfide zone at Unki Mine, Shurugwi Subchamber of the Great Dyke, Zimbabwe: Constraints from petrography and sulfide compositions." Geosphere 16, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 685–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02150.1.

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Abstract The major platinum group element (PGE) occurrence in the Great Dyke of Zimbabwe, the main sulfide zone, is a tabular stratabound layer hosted in pyroxenites, and it is broadly similar in form throughout the length of the Great Dyke. We conducted a petrographic and sulfide composition study on a sulfide-enriched zone from the contact of the mafic sequence–ultramafic sequence through the main sulfide zone at Unki Mine in the Shurugwi Subchamber to its underlying footwall rocks to place some constraints on the origin of the rocks. Pyrrhotite, pentlandite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite are the base metal sulfides that were encountered during the study. Pyrrhotite, pentlandite, and chalcopyrite typically occurred as inclusions in both primary (orthopyroxene, plagioclase, and clinopyroxene) and secondary (amphibole and chlorite) silicate phases, whereas pyrite was observed in only three samples, where it occurred in association with pyrrhotite. The concentrations of PGEs in the base metal sulfides were nearly all at or below minimum detection limits. The intercumulus nature of some of these sulfides in the investigated sequence suggests that they were likely formed during the crystallization history of these rocks. The occurrence of pyrite, which we interpret to be an alteration phase, suggests that a late-stage event, likely formed during hydrothermal alteration, helped to concentrate the mineralization at Unki Mine. In some cases, however, these sulfides occur partially surrounding some chromite and silicate phases. Thus, some sulfides in the Unki Mine area were likely formed early in the crystallization history of the Great Dyke, whereas others were formed late during hydrothermal processes. Low concentrations of PGEs such as platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), and rhodium (Rh) in base metal sulfides imply that the PGEs in the main sulfide zone and Unki Mine are hosted either in silicates and/or platinum group minerals. Very low Co contents in pentlandites in the rocks under investigation are interpreted to imply that very limited Fe substitution by Co, and also of Ni by Co, occurred. Broadly comparable trends, with minor variations of Fe in pyrrhotite, of Co and Ni in pentlandite, and of Cu in chalcopyrite, for example, likely reflect magmatic processes. The concentrations of these metals in base metal sulfides vary sympathetically, indicating that their original magmatic signatures were subsequently affected by hydrothermal fluids. The spiked pattern displayed by the variations in the percent modal proportions of the base metal sulfides across the entire investigated stratigraphic section is interpreted to reflect remobilization of the sulfides during hydrothermal alteration. Depletions in some elements, which occur near the base and at the top of the investigated succession, are likely a result of this hydrothermal alteration.

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6

Sun, Jianzhi, Jiankang Wen, Biao Wu, and Bowei Chen. "Mechanism for the Bio-Oxidation and Decomposition of Pentlandite: Implication for Nickel Bioleaching at Elevated pH." Minerals 10, no. 3 (March 23, 2020): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10030289.

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This work investigated the effects of Fe3+, H+ and adsorbed leaching bacteria on the bioleaching of pentlandite. Collectively, an integrated model for the oxidation and decomposition of pentlandite was built to describe the behaviors of different components in a bioleaching system. Proton ions and ferric ions could promote the break and oxidation of Ni-S and Fe-S bonds. The iron-oxidizing microorganisms could regenerate ferric ions and maintain a high Eh value. The sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms showed significant importance in the oxidation of polysulfide and elemental sulfur. The atoms in pentlandite show different modification pathways during the bioleaching process: iron transformed through a (Ni,Fe)9S8 → Fe2+ → Fe3+ → KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 pathway; nickel experienced a transformation of (Ni,Fe)9S8 → NiS → Ni2+; sulfur modified through the pathway of S2−/S22− → Sn2− → S0 → SO32− → SO42−. During bioleaching, a sulfur-rich layer and jarosite layer formed on the mineral surface, and the rise of pH value accelerated the process. However, no evidence for the inhibition of the layers was shown in the bioleaching of pentlandite at pH 3.00. This study provides a novel method for the extraction of nickel from pentlandite by bioleaching at elevated pH values.

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7

Tanabe, Teruo, Ken’ichi Kawaguchi, Zenjiro Asaki, and Yoshio Kondo. "Oxidation Kinetics of Pentlandite." Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals 50, no. 8 (1986): 720–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet1952.50.8_720.

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8

Tzamos, E., A. Filippidis, K. Michailidis, A. Koroneos, A. Rassios, G. Grieco, M. Pedrotti, and K. Stamoulis. "MINERAL CHEMISTRY AND FORMATION OF AWARUITE AND HEAZLEWOODITE IN THE XEROLIVADO CHROME MINE, VOURINOS, GREECE." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 50, no. 4 (July 28, 2017): 2047. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11951.

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The Serpentinite between the chromite bodies 4 and 5 of Xerolivado mine (Vourinos, Greece), contains sparsely very small grains (<20μm) of awaruite (Fe0.91Cu0.06Co0.03Ni3), heazlewoodite (Ni2.91Fe0.06S2), magnetite and Co pentlandite (Ni3.79Fe2.98Co2.38S8). The olivine contains 0.40 wt% NiO and 6.91 wt% FeO, while the serpentine 0.18 wt% NiO and 3.02 wt% FeO. The Co-content of awaruite is 1.31 wt% and that of heazlewoodite 0.12 wt%. Heazlewoodite is a product of the primary Co-pentlandite reduction, resulting from the serpentinization of the ultramafic rock. The Ni content of awaruite is derived both from olivine and from Co-pentlandite. The reducing environment resulting from serpentinization and the low sulphur fugacity, favour the formation of awaruite, heazlewoodite and magnetite.

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9

Ertseva, L. N., V. T. D’yachenko, and L. Sh Tsemekhman. "Interaction of pentlandite, chalcopyrite, and pyrrhotine with elementary sulfur: I. Sulfidizing of pentlandite." Russian Metallurgy (Metally) 2009, no. 4 (August 2009): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s003602950904003x.

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10

Tanabe, Teruo, Ken’ichi Kawaguchi, Zenjiro Asaki, and Yoshio Kondo. "Oxidation Kinetics of Dense Pentlandite." Transactions of the Japan Institute of Metals 28, no. 12 (1987): 977–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans1960.28.977.

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11

Barkov, Andrei Y., Gennadiy I. Shvedov, Andrey A. Nikiforov, and Robert F. Martin. "Platinum-group minerals from Seyba, Eastern Sayans, Russia, and substitutions in the PGE-rich pentlandite and ferhodsite series." Mineralogical Magazine 83, no. 4 (April 12, 2019): 531–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2019.16.

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AbstractChromitite zones associated with ultramafic units of the Lysanskiy layered complex of dunite–peridotite–gabbro composition could well represent the primary source for the placers bearing platinum-group minerals (PGM) of the entire drainage of the River Sisim and its tributaries, the rivers Ko and Seyba, eastern Sayans. Alluvial gold present in the placers of River Seyba, as elsewhere in the Sisim Placer Zone, reflects mineralisation during a recent period of tectonic activity. We focus on the PGM in the Seyba suite, and in particular on the attributes of pentlandite enriched in platinum-group-elements (PGE) and the compositionally similar and recently defined ferhodsite, which were trapped in host grains of Os–Ir–Ru alloy. Both minerals formed from small volumes of fractionated Fe–Ni–Cu melt considerably enriched in the PGE. In the Seyba suite, as in several others, the amounts of PGE in ferhodsite exceeds that in pentlandite, which results in a greater proportion of vacancies than in pentlandite.

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12

Clarkson, Euan N. K. "Pentland Odyssey." Scottish Journal of Geology 36, no. 1 (May 2000): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sjg36010008.

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13

Waldner, Peter, and Werner Sitte. "Thermodynamic modeling of Fe–Ni pentlandite." Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 69, no. 4 (April 2008): 923–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2007.10.011.

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14

McNeil, M., S. R. Rao, and J. A. Finch. "Oxidation of Amyl Xanthate by Pentlandite." Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 33, no. 2 (April 1994): 165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/cmq.1994.33.2.165.

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15

Bozkurt, V., Z. Xu, and J. A. Finch. "Pentlandite/pyrrhotite interaction and xanthate adsorption." International Journal of Mineral Processing 52, no. 4 (February 1998): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-7516(97)00072-0.

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16

Drebushchak, V. A., T. A. Kravchenko, and V. S. Pavlyuchenko. "Synthesis of pure pentlandite in bulk." Journal of Crystal Growth 193, no. 4 (October 1998): 728–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0248(98)00540-5.

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17

Berezovskii, Gleb A., Valeri A. Drebushchak, and Tatyana A. Kravchenko. "Low-temperature heat capacity of pentlandite." American Mineralogist 86, no. 10 (October 2001): 1312–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2001-1020.

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18

Goh, Siew Wei, Alan N. Buckley, Robert N. Lamb, Liang-Jen Fan, Ling-Yun Jang, and Yaw-wen Yang. "Pentlandite sulfur core electron binding energies." Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 33, no. 7 (July 11, 2006): 445–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00269-006-0095-9.

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19

Agar, Gordon E. "Flotation of chalcopyrite, pentlandite, pyrrhotite ores." International Journal of Mineral Processing 33, no. 1-4 (November 1991): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-7516(91)90039-l.

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20

Xiong, Xiaolu, Xionggang Lu, Guangshi Li, Hongwei Cheng, Qian Xu, and Shenggang Li. "Energy dispersive spectrometry and first principles studies on the oxidation of pentlandite." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 18 (2018): 12791–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp00873f.

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21

Richardson, S., and D. J. Vaughan. "Surface alteration of pentlandite and spectroscopic evidence for secondary violarite formation." Mineralogical Magazine 53, no. 370 (April 1989): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1989.053.370.08.

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AbstractSynthetic pentlandite surfaces were subjected to oxidation by a range of inorganic oxidants, and the resultant alteration of the surface studied by a range of surface-sensitive spectroscopic techniques. The oxidants used were air during heating to relatively low temperatures (150°C), steam, ammonium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, and sulphuric acid. Electrochemical oxidation was also undertaken. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy (CEMS), and spectral reflectance measurements were used to characterize the surface compositions. New data for the binding energies of core electrons in pentlandite and violarite, based on the fitted XPS spectra, are proposed. For pentlandite and violarite respectively, values of 707.3 eV and 708.4 eV for the Fe 2p3/2, 853.0 eV and 853.2 eV for the Ni 2p3/2, and 161.2 eV for the S 2p in both sulphides, were obtained. After oxidation the pentlandite surfaces indicated nickel enrichment in the subsurface, with the formation of violarite. The immediate oxidized surface, of approximately 10Å thickness, indicated a range of iron oxides and hydroxides (Fe3O4, Fe2O3 and FeOOH, with possible Fe1−xO and Fe(OH)3), nickel oxide (NiO), and iron sulphates (FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3). The proportions of the phases present in the surface layer are inferred to be a consequence of both the strength of the oxidant employed, and the thermodynamic stability of the phases, as can be illustrated using partial pressure and Eh/pH diagrams. A sequence of oxidation is proposed, accounting for the sub-surface enrichment in violarite, and the development of the oxidized surface, which is inferred to have a major affect on the rates of oxidation.

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22

Chen, Lei, Yu Liu, Yang Li, Qiu-Li Li, and Xian-Hua Li. "New potential pyrrhotite and pentlandite reference materials for sulfur and iron isotope microanalysis." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 36, no. 7 (2021): 1431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ja00029b.

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23

Tetzlaff, David, Kevinjeorjios Pellumbi, Daniel M. Baier, Lucas Hoof, Harikumar Shastry Barkur, Mathias Smialkowski, Hatem M. A. Amin, et al. "Sustainable and rapid preparation of nanosized Fe/Ni-pentlandite particles by mechanochemistry." Chemical Science 11, no. 47 (2020): 12835–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sc04525j.

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24

González-Jiménez, José, Sisir Mondal, Biswajit Ghosh, William Griffin, and Suzanne O’Reilly. "Re-Os Isotope Systematics of Sulfides in Chromitites and Host Lherzolites of the Andaman Ophiolite, India." Minerals 10, no. 8 (July 31, 2020): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10080686.

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Laser ablation MC-ICP-MS was used to measure the Os-isotope compositions of single sulfide grains, including laurite (RuS2) and pentlandite [(Fe,Ni)9S8], from two chromitite bodies and host lherzolites from ophiolites of North Andaman (Indo-Burma-Sumatra subduction zone). The results show isotopic heterogeneity in both laurite (n = 24) and pentlandite (n = 37), similar to that observed in other chromitites and peridotites from the mantle sections of ophiolites. Rhenium-depletion model ages (TRD) of laurite and pentlandite reveal episodes of mantle magmatism and/or metasomatism in the Andaman mantle predating the formation of the ophiolite (and the host chromitites), mainly at ≈0.5, 1.2, 1.8, 2.1 and 2.5 Ga. These ages match well with the main tectonothermal events that are documented in the continental crustal rocks of South India, suggesting that the Andaman mantle (or its protolith) had a volume of lithospheric mantle once underlaying this southern Indian continental crust. As observed in other oceanic lithospheres, blocks of ancient subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) could have contributed to the development of the subduction-related Andaman–Java volcanic arc. Major- and trace-element compositions of chromite indicate crystallization from melts akin to high-Mg IAT and boninites during the initial stages of development of this intra-oceanic subduction system.

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25

Tolstykh, Nadezhda, Gennadiy Shvedov, Aleksandr Polonyankin, and Vladimir Korolyuk. "Geochemical Features and Mineral Associations of Differentiated Rocks of the Norilsk 1 Intrusion." Minerals 10, no. 8 (July 31, 2020): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10080688.

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The purpose of this study is to show the patterns of distribution of disseminated sulfide in layered rocks based on the numerous geochemical and mineralogical data obtained for eight boreholes of the Norilsk intrusion (southern part of the Norilsk 1 deposit). There is a common trend of sulfide liquid fractionation in the Main Ore Horizon, which is composed of picritic and taxite (or olivine) gabbro-dolerites: the Ni/Cu in both rock types decreases down all sections, indicating an increase in the degree of fractionation of the sulfide liquid from top to bottom. On the contrary, the Ni/Fe ratios in pentlandite increase in this direction due to an increase in sulfur fugacity. However, picrite and taxite/olivine gabbro-dolerites are very distinctly separated by Ni/Cu values: these values are >1 in picritic gabbro-dolerite while they are always <1 in taxite/olivine gabbro-dolerite. These rock types are distinguished by sulfide assemblages. The first includes troilite, Fe-rich pentlandite, chalcopyrite, cubanite, talnahite, bornite and copper (low sulfur association); the second one is composed of monoclinic pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, Ni-rich pentlandite and pyrite (high sulfur association). A two-stage magma injection with different ore specializations is supposed for picritic and taxite/olivine gabbro-dolerites.

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26

Yang, Songtao, Robert Pelton, Carla Abarca, Zongfu Dai, Miles Montgomery, Manqiu Xu, and Julie-Ann Bos. "Towards nanoparticle flotation collectors for pentlandite separation." International Journal of Mineral Processing 123 (September 2013): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2013.05.007.

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27

Kosyakov, V. I., and E. F. Sinyakova. "Experimental modeling of pentlandite-bornite ore formation." Russian Geology and Geophysics 58, no. 10 (October 2017): 1211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2016.12.010.

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28

Nicoletti, Marcello, Antonella Di Fabio, Ana de Abram, and Maria Urrunaga. "Pentlandioside: A New Bis-Secoiridoid fromCajophora pentlandii." Planta Medica 62, no. 02 (April 1996): 178–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-957848.

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29

Makarov, D. V., W. Forsling, and V. N. Makarov. "Electrooxidation of Pentlandite in a Carbonate Solution." Russian Journal of Electrochemistry 40, no. 4 (April 2004): 420–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:ruel.0000023934.10819.72.

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30

Fronzi, Marco, Sherif Abdulkader Tawfik, Catherine Stampfl, and Michael J. Ford. "Magnetic properties of stoichiometric and defective Co9S8." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 4 (2018): 2356–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp06637f.

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31

Mikuła, Andrzej, Juliusz Dąbrowa, Anna Kusior, Krzysztof Mars, Radosław Lach, and Maciej Kubowicz. "Search for mid- and high-entropy transition-metal chalcogenides – investigating the pentlandite structure." Dalton Transactions 50, no. 27 (2021): 9560–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1dt00794g.

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For the first time, the high entropy, transition metal-based chalcogenides are synthesized. The materials are characterized by the pentlandite structure, exhibiting promising functional properties with regard to multiple possible applications.

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32

Cook, N. J., and C. L. Ciobanu. "Paragenesis of Cu-Fe ores from Ocna de Fier-Dognecea (Romania), typifying fluid plume mineralization in a proximal skarn setting." Mineralogical Magazine 65, no. 3 (June 2001): 351–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/002646101300119457.

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AbstractTrace mineral assemblages in the bornite- and chalcopyrite-rich Cu-Fe zone of the Ocna de Fier-Dognecea skarn deposits, Banat, SW Romania provide additional constraints on the genesis of this classic zoned skarn system. Observed assemblages substantiate a model, in which the Cu-Fe zone forms the proximal fluid-plume root of the system. Observed trace mineral assemblages in the magnesian forsterite-bearing skarns crystallized at ~650°C in a volatile-rich environment, evidenced by widespread phlogopite, ludwigite, valleriite and apatite. The entire assemblage thus belongs to the initial stage of skarn formation. Prolonged cooling led to sequential exsolution of trace mineral phases from bornite and chalcopyrite during the retrograde stage, although still at temperatures in excess of 500°C. Bornite is typified by the abundance of exsolved phases along cleavage planes and along crystal margins, notably chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite, but also cobalt pentlandite, carrollite, wittichenite, galena, mawsonite, silver and electrum. Chalcopyrite hosts cobalt pentlandite, carrollite, wittichenite, galena and a sequence of Se- and Te-bearing minerals (kawazulite, bohdanowiczite, hessite, volynskite), along, although not restricted to, grain margins. The assemblage bornite-chalcopyrite-magnetite, with the trace phases, cobalt pentlandite, carrollite, wittichenite and various Se- and Te-bearing minerals represents a characteristic assemblage common to a disparate range of deposits formed at temperatures in excess of 500°C in the presence of volatiles and typified by relatively low fS2 fluids.

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33

Huber, M. V., and A. V. Mokrushin. "Sulfur isotope signatures of sulfides from the Khibina and Lovozero massifs (Kola Alkaline Province, Fennoscandian Shield)." Vestnik MGTU 24, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-1-80-87.

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The sulfur isotope geochemistry of the Khibina and Lovozero agpaitic massifs provides an opportunity to understand the role of plume-lithosphere interaction processes responsible for the Paleozoic alkaline igneous activity in the north-eastern part of the Fennoscandian Shield. The stable sulfur isotope δS analysis using triple collector isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) has been carried out on the pentlandite, chalcopyrite and pyrite from nepheline syenites. The δS values for pentlandite from Khibina rocks range from +0.69 to +2.06 ‰ relative to the Vienna Canyon Diablo Troillite standard (VCDT), and the pyrite has significantly higher δS values up to +4.92 ‰ VCDT. The pentlandite from the Lovozero samples has value +1.48 ‰ VCDT, δS values of chalcopyrite is +2.85 ‰ VCDT. The maximum positive δS values are obtained for Lovozero pyrite, which vary from +5.41 to +6.30 ‰ VCDT. Comparison of sulfur-geochemical features of Khibina and Lovozero nepheline syenite with δS data for the carbonatites from the Khibina, Sallanlatvi, Seblyavr, Vuoriyarvi, Salmagora and Kovdor massifs show later carbonatite formation relatively to associated alkaline rocks. Geochemical sulfur isotope δS investigations emphasizes that parental magmas of the Khibina and Lovozero alkaline massifs were derived from a metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM). We suggest that high-δS signature on the SCLM (δS of +1 to +6 ‰ VCDT) can be explained by subduction of the high-δS Archaean crust.

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34

Gilbert, S. E., L. V. Danyushevsky, K. Goemann, and D. Death. "Fractionation of sulphur relative to iron during laser ablation-ICP-MS analyses of sulphide minerals: implications for quantification." J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 29, no. 6 (2014): 1024–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ja00012a.

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In this study we investigate the effect that the mineral composition has on the quantification of sulphur by Laser Ablation ICP-MS (LA-ICP-MS) between a range of sulphide minerals: pyrite, pyrrhotite, bornite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, pentlandite and tetrahedrite.

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35

Burdett, Jeremy K., and Gordon J. Miller. "Polyhedral clusters in solids. Electronic structure of pentlandite." Journal of the American Chemical Society 109, no. 13 (June 1987): 4081–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00247a039.

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36

Sugaki, Asahiko, and Arashi Kitakaze. "High form of pentlandite and its thermal stability." American Mineralogist 83, no. 1-2 (February 1, 1998): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-1998-1-213.

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37

Buckley, A. N., and R. Woods. "Surface composition of pentlandite under flotation-related conditions." Surface and Interface Analysis 17, no. 9 (August 1991): 675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740170912.

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38

Kshumaneva, E. S., A. G. Kasikov, Yu N. Neradovskii, and A. T. Belyaevskii. "Pentlandite leaching in the FeCl3-CuCl2-HCl system." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 82, no. 8 (August 2009): 1327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070427209080011.

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39

C, Liu, and Shi R X. "Pentland Skerries, United Kingdom." Journal of Global Change Data & Discovery 2, no. 4 (2018): 450–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3974/geodp.2018.04.13.

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40

Tolstykh, Nadezhda D., Liudmila M. Zhitova, Maria O. Shapovalova, and Ivan F. Chayka. "The evolution of the ore-forming system in the low sulfide horizon of the Noril'sk 1 intrusion, Russia." Mineralogical Magazine 83, no. 5 (July 25, 2019): 673–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2019.47.

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AbstractWe present here new data on the low-sulfide mineralisation in the upper endocontact of the Noril'sk 1 intrusion. Twenty four mineral species of platinum-group elements and their solid solutions, as well as numerous unnamed phases, including an Sb analogue of vincentite, As and Sn analogues of mertieite-I and a Sn analogue of mertieite-II have been found. It is shown that the features of the mineral association: (1) the atypical trend of TiO2 and Fe2+ in chromian spinel; (2) the composition of the Pt–Fe alloys with a Fe/Fe + Pt range of 0.26–0.37 (logfO2 ≈ – (9–10); and (3) crystallisation of high-temperature sperrylite from silicate melt (at >800°C and logfS2 < –10.5), which is possible under fO2 of FMQ to FMQ-2 in mafic magma, are due to the reducing conditions of their formation and evolution. Droplet-like inclusions of silicate-oxide minerals in сhromian spinels and sulfides in platinum-group minerals are interpreted to be trapped droplets of co-existing sulfide melt. The captured sulfide melt has evolved in the direction of increasing the fugacity of sulfur: troilite + pentlandite (Fe>Ni) – in sperrylite (paragenesis I) to monoclinic pyrrhotite + pentlandite (Ni≈Fe) + chalcopyrite – in Pt–Fe alloys (paragenesis II). Paragenesis from the sulfide aggregates in the silicate matrix are more fractionated: pyrrhotite + pyrrhotite (Ni>Fe) + chalcopyrite (III) and pyrite + pentlandite (Ni>>Fe) + millerite (IV). Pd arsenides and antimonides crystallised later than sperrylite and isoferroplatinum, as a result of the evolution of a sulfide melt with an increased activity of the element ligands (Te, Sn, Sb and As).

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Brovchenko, Valeriya D., Sergey F. Sluzhenikin, Elena V. Kovalchuk, Sofia V. Kovrigina, Vera D. Abramova, and Marina A. Yudovskaya. "Platinum Group Element Enrichment of Natural Quenched Sulfide Solid Solutions, the Norilsk 1 Deposit, Russia." Economic Geology 115, no. 6 (September 1, 2020): 1343–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4741.

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Abstract The deepest terminations of the Mount Rudnaya subvertical massive sulfide offshoots of the Norilsk 1 orebody are composed of exceptionally fine grained sulfides that are believed to be natural quenched sulfide solid solutions. Copper-rich intermediate solid solution (ISS) and Fe-rich monosulfide solid solution (MSS) form an equigranular and lamellar matrix hosting MSS- and ISS-dominant globules. The nonstoichiometric chemical compositions of the solid solutions plot within their high-temperature fields known from experiments. MSS contains 19 to 35 wt % Ni, 0.09 to 0.45 wt % Co, and up to 0.6 wt % Cu and is heterogeneously enriched in Rh (up to 32 ppm), Ir (up to 0.6 ppm), Pt (up to 65 ppm), and Pd (up to 168 ppm). ISS occurs as the lamellar intergrowths of the chalcopyrite (Ccpss) and cubanite (Cubss) solid solutions, which bear up to 4.74 wt % Ni and 0.2 wt % Co and are heterogeneously enriched in Zn, Ag, and In. The assemblage of platinum group minerals (PGMs) is hosted mostly in the ISS and is dominated by Pt-Fe alloys and minerals of the rustenburgite-atokite series, like the set of PGMs at the Norilsk 1 deposit. Similar Pt-Pd-Sn compounds in the laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) spectra of profiles through MSS and ISS are interpreted to be trapped microinclusions. The pentlandite contains up to 0.13 wt % Pt, up to 4.62 wt % Pd, <0.53 wt % Co, and <0.4 wt % Cu according to electron microprobe analysis. LA-ICP-MS data and mapping show that Pd content in the pentlandite increases toward contacts with ISS and decreases toward contacts with MSS, supporting a reaction origin of pentlandite. The wide variations of the concentrations of major and trace elements in the solid solutions, as well as the coexistence of Pd-poor (a few ppm Pd) and Pd-rich (over 4.62 wt % Pd) pentlandite within a single sample, seem to characterize the different generations of the MSS to MSS-ISS globules, antecrysts, and phenocrysts with the distinct histories of enrichment due to exchange with fractionated Cu-platinum group element-rich residue. The directional distribution of Pd of high-temperature primary magmatic origin is preserved due to rapid quenching of the sulfides from ~650°C.

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42

Akizawa, Norikatsu, Tetsu Kogiso, Akira Miyake, Akira Tsuchiyama, Yohei Igami, and Masayuki Uesugi. "Formation process of sub-micrometer-sized metasomatic platinum-group element-bearing sulfides in a Tahitian harzburgite xenolith." Canadian Mineralogist 58, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3749/canmin.1800082.

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ABSTRACT Base-metal sulfides (BMSs) are minerals that host platinum-group elements (PGE) in mantle peridotites and significantly control the bulk PGE content. They have been investigated in detail down to the sub-micrometer scale to elucidate PGE behavior in the Earth's interior. Base-metal sulfides are supposedly subjected to supergene and seawater weathering, leading to the redistribution of PGEs at low temperatures. Careful and thorough measurements of BMSs are thus required to elucidate PGE behavior in the Earth's interior. In the present study, a sub-micrometer-sized PGE-bearing sulfide inclusion in a clinopyroxene crystal in a harzburgite xenolith from Tahiti (Society Islands, French Polynesia) was investigated in detail (down to the sub-micrometer scale) using transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDS). The sulfide inclusion is of carbonatitic metasomatic origin, as it is enveloped by carbonaceous glass, and forms a planar inclusion array with other PGE-bearing sulfide inclusions. The following sulfide phases were identified using TEM-EDS: Fe- and Ni-rich monosulfide solid solutions (MSSs), Fe- and Ni-rich pentlandite, sugakiite, heazlewoodite, chalcopyrite, and Cu-Ir-Pt-Rh-thiospinel (cuproiridsite–malanite–cuprorhodsite). We established the formation process of the metasomatic PGE-bearing sulfide inclusion by considering morphological and mineral characteristics in addition to the chemical composition. A primary MSS first crystallized from metasomatic sulfide melt at ca. 1000 °C, followed by the crystallization of an intermediate solid solution (ISS) below 900 °C. A high-form (high-temperature origin) Fe-rich pentlandite simultaneously crystallized with the primary MSS below ca. 850 °C and recrystallized into a low-form (low-temperature origin) Fe-rich pentlandite below ca. 600 °C. The primary MSS decomposed to Fe- and Ni-rich MSSs, low-form Ni-rich pentlandite, sugakiite, and heazlewoodite. The ISS decomposed to chalcopyrite below ca. 600 °C. Meanwhile, a Cu-Ir-Pt-Rh-thiospinel crystallized directly from the evolved Cu-rich sulfide melt below ca. 760 °C. Thus, Ir, Pt, and Rh preferentially partitioned into the melt phase during the crystallization process of the metasomatic sulfide melt. Metasomatic sulfide melts could be a significant medium for the transport and condensation of Pt together with Ir and Rh during the fractionation process in the Earth's interior. We hypothesize that the compositional variability of PGEs in carbonatites is due to the separation of sulfide melt leading to the loss of PGEs in the carbonatitic melts.

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Borodaev, Yu S., I. A. Bryzgalov, N. N. Mozgova, and T. Yu Uspenskaya. "Pentlandite and Co-enriched pentlandite as characteristic minerals of modern hydrothermal sulfide mounds hosted by serpentinized ultramafic rocks (Mid-Atlantic Ridge)." Moscow University Geology Bulletin 62, no. 2 (April 2007): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0145875207020032.

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44

LI, Hong-xu, Chao LI, and Zhi-qian ZHANG. "Decomposition mechanism of pentlandite during electrochemical bio-oxidation process." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 22, no. 3 (March 2012): 731–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(11)61238-7.

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45

Tenailleau, C., A. Pring, B. Etschmann, J. Brugger, B. Grguric, and A. Putnis. "Transformation of pentlandite to violarite under mild hydrothermal conditions." American Mineralogist 91, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 706–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am.2006.2131.

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46

Bakakin, V. V., and V. A. Drebushchak. "On the unusual arrangement of metal atoms in pentlandite." Journal of Structural Chemistry 39, no. 5 (September 1998): 791–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02903552.

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47

Zhu, Huihui, Jinxia Deng, Jun Chen, Ranbo Yu, and Xianran Xing. "Growth of hematite nanowire arrays during dense pentlandite oxidation." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2, no. 9 (2014): 3008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ta14832g.

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48

Senior, G. D., W. J. Trahar, and P. J. Guy. "The selective flotation of pentlandite from a nickel ore." International Journal of Mineral Processing 43, no. 3-4 (June 1995): 209–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-7516(94)00048-5.

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49

Khainasova, T. S. "Bioleaching of pentlandite from sulphide copper-nickel ores (review)." Mining informational and analytical bulletin, S46 (2020): 276–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.25018/0236-1493-2020-12-46-276-287.

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50

Genis, D., and C. Busquets. "Comments on Pentland and Donald." Pain 64, no. 2 (February 1996): 402–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(95)00246-4.

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