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Animashaun, Olatoye Saheed. "An investigation of project management at PepsiCo Company." Thesis, Тернопільський національний технічний університет ім. Івана Пулюя, 2017. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/19552.
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The object of investigation is the project management at PepsiCo Company.
The aim of the work is paper is to improve the project management at PepsiCo Company.
Research methods cover the statistical method and comparison analysis.
The meanings and definition of project management, theoretical review of project management and factors affecting project management activities have been described. The introduction of PepsiCo Company, SWOT-analysis of the industrial and economic activity of PepsiCo Company, and analysis of project management at PepsiCo Company have been done. The theoretical recommendations concerning project management, economic activity improvement at PepsiCo Company has been proposed.
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Braga, Manuel Maria Godinho Vieira dos Reis. "Vegetables, an innovative nut: a marketing plan developed for PepsiCo Iberia." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11831.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsNowadays people have an increased concern with health and wellness. However, although this existent trend, some segments of the food industry as the Nuts & Seeds Market are not as well-explored as they can be in order to present more suitable solutions to fit consumers’ needs. Under these circumstances, and along with PepsiCo Iberia, the paper is focused on the launch of innovative vegetables in Spain to be traded as nuts in order to suit consumers’ trends and to accomplish some of this world’s leader marketing objectives. The main conclusion that can be attained is that the product would most likely benefit the company’s activity, shaping the path of snacks into a healthier future.
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Garcia, Ramos Edgar Iván, and Monroy Alan Timoteo Martínez. "PLAN DE NEGOCIOS DE LA DISTRIBUIDORA PEPSICO, DE TEJUPILCO MÉX., 2018." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/99007.
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tesis Plan de negopciosEl presente plan negocio es realizado en la distribuidora de Pepsico la cual se encarga de ofrecer al mercado Refrescos Carbonatados el cual cuenta con una línea muy amplia de producto, estos son de calidad y buen precio accesibles para todo el público en general, esto con el fin de ampliar el mercado en la zona sur del Estado de México. En distribuidora Pepsico se cuenta con personal altamente capacitado para llevar a cabo cada función y actividad que se le asigne dentro de la empresa, ya que estos cuentan con bastante experiencia dentro de la empresa, esto hace que seamos competentes contando con personal altamente competente. El objetivo del plan de negocios fue que la Distribuidora Pepsico sea muy competente en el mercado respecto a su competencia, por lo cual es importante tener una buena administración dentro de ella, así como lo contable para que esta funcione de una manera muy eficaz y competente, teniendo en cuenta también la zona geográfica. Se sabe que la distribuidora Pepsico es la segunda empresa líder en el mercado de la zona sur del Estado de México, en este sentido la finalidad del plan fue que sea la empresa se consolide como líder, ofreciendo el producto de calidad y haciéndolo llegar hasta sus puntos más cercanos. Si bien sabemos Pepsico no tiene mucho tiempo de haber entrado a este mercado lo cual nos resulta un poco difícil pero a la vez un reto que tenemos que superar.
Univeridad Autónoma del Estado de México UNidad Académica Profesionlal Tejupilco
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Chiroque, Ramirez Herbert Abel. "Propuesta de modelo para el reaprovisionamiento de inventarios en la Empresa Pepsico Alimentos Perú S.R.L., Lambayeque." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2016. http://tesis.usat.edu.pe/handle/usat/675.
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En el presente trabajo se ha realizado el análisis de los procesos que intervienen en la gestión de inventarios y de la planificación de pedidos realizados por la Empresa Pepsico Alimentos S.R.L , la cual se dedica a la venta de productos de consumo masivos tipo (snacks). La empresa por su rápido crecimiento en el mercado ha llegado a tener clientes muy fuertes los cuales por su poder de ventas compran en cantidades muy grandes, lo cual lleva a la empresa en ocasiones a quedarse sin productos ya que ellos no tienen una planificación de abastecimiento definido. La propuesta de reaprovisionamiento se basa en implementar los pronósticos de ventas y la de mejorar la gestión de reaprovisionamiento de la empresa. Para los pronósticos de las ventas se utilizó el método de series de tiempo (modelo Arima), la cual se acomodó a la data histórica brindada por la empresa. En cuanto a las políticas de inventario inventarios se propone la implementación de un software, la capacitación y rotación de personal, como también un nuevo procedimiento de reaprovisionamiento que brinde las cantidades optimas de cada producto hacer reabastecido en el momento más oportuno, manteniendo una óptima atención al cliente, pero a la vez sin aumentar los costos de inventarios. Al implementar esta propuesta le permitirá a la empresa lograr un beneficio anual de S/.143 483.Tesis
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Alexander, Roman. "American Fast Food as Culture and Politics: The Introduction of Pepsi and McDonald's into the USSR." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/13299.
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This thesis explores how and why two capitalistic American corporations were granted access to the Soviet Union's internal market. For decades communist leadership railed against what they termed "cheap bourgeois consumption," yet in 1972 Pepsi-Cola became the first officially sanctioned American consumer product in the USSR. Eighteen years later, McDonald's would become the first American restaurant to open in the Soviet Union. Both companies became deeply involved in Cold War politics and diplomacy, with high-ranking officials from both sides taking part in the negotiations to bring these companies into the country. These two case studies shed light on a seldom-covered aspect of American-Soviet economic relations and cultural exchange.
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Lefebvre, Pierre-Philippe. "Les ententes d'exclusivité entre les universités et les entreprises privées : le cas de l'Université de Montréal et de Pepsico." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25644/25644.pdf.
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Touboulic, Anne. "Exploring how to manage supply chain relationships for sustainability : an action research project with PepsiCo and their agricultural suppliers in the UK." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/65479/.
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This thesis is the result of the work conducted in collaboration with PepsiCo UK and their UK based growers between October 2010 and October 2013. The research project has been funded by an ESRC-CASE studentship and has provided the opportunity to explore the relationships between PepsiCo, as a large customer, and their small agricultural suppliers on their journey to address the sustainability challenge. The research is framed within the field of sustainable supply chain management (SSCM), which can be defined as the integration and coordination of economic, environmental and social goals in the management of inter-organisational business processes (Carter & Rogers, 2008). Although there has been a growing amount of research in the field in the last decade, little research has offered insights into the actual implementation process of sustainability practices in supply chains (SC). This research addresses the qualitative knowledge gap around the relationship aspects of implementing SSC practices, and particularly relationships between a large buyer and small suppliers. The research adopts an Action Research (AR) approach; drawing on a variety of empirical methods, in an attempt to both contribute to academic knowledge and to address the practical concerns of the research participants. The thesis presents the process and outcomes of this AR project that has revolved around several emergent cycles of inquiry. The findings of this research offer a complementary perspective between inter-organisational governance dynamics for sustainability and the critical role of individual stakeholders in the change towards more sustainable practices in the SC. This is helpful in moving towards a more multilevel understanding of SSCM. The practical contribution of the research aims at supporting the development of better management practices for the implementation of sustainability practices in a supply chain involving a large buyer and SME suppliers.
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Mello, Karine Gargioni Pereira Correa de. "Imobilização de pepsina em membranas liofilizadas de quitosana e O-carboximetilquitosana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9135/tde-29032010-153207/.
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Enzimas são proteínas utilizadas em processos tecnológicos diversos. Estas enzimas dependendo do tipo e grau de pureza são geralmente caras. Comumente as enzimas exigem controle contínuo do processo no que se refere à temperatura, pH, agitação, entre outros, e após o uso são descartadas, o que torna o custo do processo mais elevado. Em decorrência disto, a imobilização de enzimas em suportes insolúveis e inertes, vem sendo proposta com resultados promissores de manutenção e até mesmo aumento da atividade enzimática, resistência mecânica, térmica e de pH, bem como por apresentar maior facilidade de remoção da enzima do sistema e possibilitar sua reutilização. Por causa disto, diferentes tipos de suportes vêem sendo estudados, dentre estes, os materiais poliméricos, tem recebido atenção especial. A quitosana é um polímero natural, biocompatível, biodegradável e atóxico. É obtida de fontes renováveis provenientes do descarte de cascas de crustáceos da indústria de alimentos, o que constitui um fator ambiental importante atualmente. Neste trabalho a enzima pepsina foi imobilizada em membranas liofilizadas de quitosana e O-carboximetilquitosana reticuladas ou não com glutaraldeído. A pepsina imobilizada na membrana de quitosana reticulada com glutaraldeído manteve sua atividade enzimática e o suporte apresentou propriedades físico-químicas de resistência a solubilização em pH ácido, o qual é necessário para atividade da pepsina. O processo de liofilização preservou a estrutura do suporte e não comprometeu a atividade enzimática. Demonstrando que o processo de liofilização é viável para secagem e incorporação de enzimas.Enzymes are proteins used in a wide variety of biotechnological processes. Commonly, enzymes require stringent conditions, such as a particular pH, temperature, stirring, etc. In chemical and biochemical reactions, purified enzymes can be rather costly and additionally, must be discarded after each use, which is still less economical. As a result of this, enzyme immobilization on insoluble and inert supports has been studied as a manner to overcome these problems and optimize enzymes use. Promising results of greater immobilized enzyme activity and stability over a broader range of pH and temperature have been reported. As well, immobilized enzymes can be easily removed from the system and reused. Various materials have been employed as enzymes supports, among then, the polymers have received special attention. Chitosan is a natural polymer that presents biocompatibility, biodegradability and nontoxicity. Chitosan is obtained from crustacean shell wastes discarded by the food industry, and recover this material constitutes an important environmental factor nowadays. In this work the enzyme pepsin was immobilized on freezedried chitosan and O-Carboxymethylchitosan membranes crosslinked or not with glutaraldehyde. Pepsin immobilized on chitosan membrane crosslinked with glutaraldehyde maintained its enzymatic activity and the polymer support provided physicochemical properties such resistance to dissolution in acid pH. Acid pH is required for pepsin activity. The freeze-drying process preserved the support structure and did not compromise the enzymatic activity. Demonstrating that, freeze drying process, is viable for drying and enzymes incorporation.
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Almeida, Ana Paula Gottlieb. "COMPOSIÇÃO CENTESIMAL DO CONTEÚDO DO TRATO GASTRINTESTINAL E ATIVIDADE ENZIMÁTICA DIGESTIVA DE TELEÓSTEOS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5327.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the digestive enzyme activity and the centesimal composition of the contents of the gastrointestinal tract and food habits of four teleost two food habits in summer and winter. Two omnivorous species Pimelodus maculatus and R. quelen and two detritivorous species Hypostomus commersoni and Loricariichthys anus were chosen. Fish were collected with the aid of the trawl during March and July 2013 in São Gonçalo channel, Pelotas - RS. The digestive tract was divided into stomach, anterior and posterior intestine. Stomach was assayed the activity of pepsin and the two portions of the intestine were assayed the activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin and lipase. The protein and lipid content of the contents of each portion of the digestive tract was determined. Digestive enzyme activity is not related to the feeding habits and the centesimal composition of the contents of the gastrointestinal tract. Detritivorous species showed higher activity of alkaline proteases, which may be an adaptation to better utilize the low protein content found in the gastrointestinal tract of these species.
O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a relação entre a atividade enzimática digestiva e a composição centesimal do conteúdo do trato gastrintestinal e hábitos alimentares de quatro teleósteos de dois hábitos alimentares no verão e no inverno. Foram escolhidas duas espécies onívoras Rhamdia quelen e Pimelodus maculatus e duas espécies detritívoras Hypostomus commersoni e Loricariichthys anus. Os peixes foram coletados com o auxílio de rede de arrasto nos meses de março e julho de 2013, no canal São Gonçalo, Pelotas RS. O trato digestório foi dividido em estômago, intestino anterior e posterior. No estômago foi ensaiada a atividade da pepsina e nas duas porções do intestino foram ensaiadas as atividades da tripsina, quimotripsina e lipase. Foi determinado o teor proteico e lipídico do conteúdo de cada porção do trato digestório. A atividade enzimática digestiva não está relacionada com o hábito alimentar e a composição centesimal do conteúdo do trato gastrintestinal. Espécies detritívoras apresentaram maior atividade das proteases alcalinas, o que pode ser uma adaptação para utilizar melhor o baixo teor proteico encontrado no conteúdo gastrintestinal dessas espécies.
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Cowin, Erica. "The evolution of U.S. corporate logos a semiotic analysis." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4875.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the evolution of six U.S. corporate logos--Apple, McDonald's, Nike, Pepsi, Shell, and Starbucks--from each logo's inception until the newest version of the graphic emblem today. The objective is to determine the meanings that logos have for a corporation's identity, mission, and relationships, as well as the messages that logos convey to viewers (i.e., mostly customers). By "evolution" of logos here, the researcher means "ongoing transformation" of logos. The semiotic model used in this analysis is Charles Sanders Peirce's (1958(1931)) semiotic framework. Peircean semiotics is made up of a three-part paradigm of signification: the representamen (or the sign itself), the object (or "referent"--what the sign refers to), and the interpretant (the effect on the viewer, or the viewer's interpretation). Based on the semiotic data on logo evolution, the researcher found six main themes that emerged across the analyses of U.S. corporate logos. These themes are (1) Direction toward the Future, (2) Identity with Viewers, (3) Instant Recognition and Distinctiveness, (4) Consistency throughout Evolution, (5) Invocation of Change, and (6) True Representation of Corporate Identity. The ultimate conclusion of this analysis is that the communicative intent of a company, through its logo, tends to take a long time to develop. A successful logo is one that portrays the true objectives and principles of a company. For this reason, the ideal identity of a corporation tends to be built over a long period of time, which makes logo improvement "evolutionary" in nature. In all six cases, communication plays a major part in logo improvement.ID: 029808873; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-101).
M.A.
Masters
Communication
Sciences
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Carvalho, Iara Ribeiro. "Efeito do consumo de proteolisado do soro do leite em parametros do estomago e coração de ratos jovens exercitados." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254465.
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Orientador: Jaime Amaya-FarfanDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Estudos recentes sugerem que o consumo das proteínas do soro de leite, quando parcialmente hidrolisadas, resulta em efeitos fisiológicos diferentes daqueles produzidos pelas proteínas intactas. Desse modo, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar as alterações metabólicas causadas nos tecidos do estômago e coração, e na resistência à exaustão, utilizando ratos Wistar alimentados com isolado do soro de leite, ou seu proteolisado enzimático, e submetidos a exercício físico. Foram investigadas possíveis alterações na atividade enzimática da pepsina, glicogênio sintase, glicogênio fosforilase, creatina quinase e glicogênio do miocárdio e a perfusão de peptídeos através do estômago. O ensaio biológico teve duração de 42 dias, com 120 ratos divididos em 12 grupos (n=10), sendo três fontes protéicas: caseína (C), proteína hidrolisada (H), proteína intacta do soro de leite (I) e quatro tipos de atividade física: treinado (T), treinado-exausto (TX), sedentário (S), sedentário-exausto (SX), em esteira rolante, por quatro semanas. Foram observados valores mais altos na atividade da enzima creatina quinase (sem diferença significativa) nos grupos T e TX, quando esses consumiram dieta H. Em relação ao treinamento, foram encontradas maiores quantidades de glicogênio miocárdico nos animais submetidos a menor atividade física. Em relação à dieta, as concentrações de glicogênio variaram aleatoriamente. Entretanto, os animais que consumiram a dieta H exibiram menor atividade da glicogênio sintase do que aqueles que receberam dieta I, e esses também menores que a dieta C. Na enzima glicogênio fosforilase, notou-se valores maiores de atividade enzimática nos grupos de animais do grupo T em relação aos outros grupos, sendo que a dieta H mostrou resultados menores em comparação com as outras dietas. Quanto à exaustão, foram comparados os grupos H e I, sendo que os grupos que foram submetidos a treinamento prévio (TX) mostraram-se mais resistentes à exaustão do que aqueles que foram mantidos sedentários (SX). Na atividade enzimática da pepsina, os resultados entre grupos foram semelhantes, notando-se aumento no grupo sedentário que consumiu o hidrolisado, mas desaparecendo com a exaustão. Estudo da possibilidade de perfusão de peptídeos através da parede estomacal encontrou evidências de que, ao menos, um peptídeo rico em valina é detectado no perfusado externo ao cabo de duas horas. Foi observada maior quantidade de picos eletroforéticos no conteúdo do estômago dos animais dos grupos SX e TX que receberam infusão do hidrolisado e teores de aminoácidos livres mais elevados no grupo S do que nos demais. Associando os valores encontrados para aminoácidos livres com os valores de aminoácidos totais, no interior e exterior do estômago, pode se afirmar que o conteúdo de peptídeos formados no estômago, no grupo que recebeu a infusão de hidrolisado, foi superior à que recebeu o isolado. Conclui-se que ambos o tipo de atividade física e a fonte protéica da dieta podem influenciar aspectos fisiológicos, tais como a atividade da pepsina, a facilidade com que peptídeos são gerados e acumulados no órgão, sendo que alguns peptídeos podem atravessar a parede estomacal. As implicações decorrentes destes fenômenos ainda aguardam maior investigação
Abstract: Recent studies suggest that the consumption of milk whey proteins, if partially hydrolyzed, result in different physiological effect from those produced by the ingestion of the unbroken proteins. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to verify eventual metabolic alterations caused in the stomach and heart tissues of exercising Wistar rats fed an enzymatic milk whey hydrolyzate, as compared to cohorts receiving the unhydrolyzed proteins. The enzymatic activity of pepsin and those of glycogen synthase, glycogen phosphorylase, creatine kinase, as well as glycogen stores of the myocardium were thus investigated. Additionally, the perfusion of peptides through the stomach wall using capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography was also verified. The biological assay was conducted with 120 rats, during 42 days. The animals were divided into 12 groups (n=10), as follows: three protein sources: casein (C), protein hydrolyzate (H) and the unbroken whey protein (I), in addition to four types of physical activity: trained (T), trained-exhausted (TX), sedentary (S), sedentary-exhausted (SX) for four weeks. For creatine kinase, higher activities were observed (without significant difference) in groups T and TX, when these consumed diet H. With regard to myocardial glycogen, higher stores were found in the animals with lesser physical activity, while glycogen concentrations varied randomly in response to the diet. However, the animals that consumed diet H exhibited lower glycogen synthase activity in comparison to those that received diet I, which in turn were lower than those that received diet C. As for glycogen phosphorylase, higher values were noticed in the groups subjected to training (T) in relation to the other groups. Similarly, the animals on diet H also responded with lower activities. With regard to exhaustion time, only those groups that underwent training (TX) appeared to be more resistant to exhaustion than those that remained sedentary (SX). The enzymatic activity of pepsin did not show significant differences among groups, except for the increase of the sedentary that consumed diet H. The increase, however, disappeared when the animals were brought to exhaustion. Study of the possibility of perfusion of whey protein peptides through the stomach wall suggested that at least one peptide rich in valine promptly perfused to the external fluid. A higher number of capillary electrophoretic peaks were also observed in the stomach contents of the animals of groups SX and TX that received the hydrolyzate infusion and, by liquid chromatography, it was possible to notice that the group S stomachs had greater levels of free amino acids than the other groups. Comparing the values found for free amino acids with the total amino acids, in both the inside and outside of the stomach, it could be stated that the content of peptides formed in the stomach was considerably greater in the group infused with the hydrolyzate than with the isolate. It is concluded that chronic consumption of the whey protein hydrolyzate as the only source of protein results in enzymatic changes consistent with a more efficient physiologic state, favorable to higher physical performance, such as higher myocardial creatine kinase and lower glycogen kinase and phosphorylase activities. No significant changes in pepsin activity in the rat stomach were observed, but the readiness with which the hydrolyzate peptides accumulate and traverse the organ wall was evident. Further data to provide a better understanding of the implications of consuming prehydrolyzed proteins await investigation
Mestrado
Nutrição Experimental e Aplicada à Tecnologia de Alimentos
Mestre em Alimentos e Nutrição
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Leonard, Andrea Jane. "Studies on gastric mucosal defence against pepsins." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.346421.
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Guérard, Fabienne. "La pepsine II de roussette Scyliorhinus canicula (L. )." Brest, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BRES2017.
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Recherche dans les viscères de poissons marins d'une enzyme possédant des propriétés caseinolytiques comparables à celle de la présure. A partir de la muqueuse gastrique de roussette (Scyliorhinus canicula), une protéase a été extraite et a subi plusieurs étapes de purification et a été nommée pepsine ii. Cette enzyme se caractérise par une adaptation aux basses températures et une faible thermorésistante. L’ensemble de ces propriétés est compatible avec une utilisation en industrie fromagère, en référence au modelé fourni par la présure.
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Jonasson, Kristoffer. "Biokemisk och immunologisk karaktärisering av pepsin-spjälkade mjölkallergener." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-208196.
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Milk allergens were digested by allowing them to flow through a chromatography column, where pepsin was conjugated to the stationary phase of the column. The allergen fragments were then characterized both biochemically, by using SDS-PAGE and gel permeation chromatography, and immunologically, by examining their reactivity to IgE and monoclonal antibodies.
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Sablowski, D. P., M. Weber, M. Woche, I. Ilyin, A. Järvinen, K. G. Strassmeier, and P. Gabor. "PEPSI-feed: linking PEPSI to the Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope using a 450m long fibre." SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622429.
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Limited observing time at large telescopes equipped with the most powerful spectrographs makes it almost impossible to gain long and well-sampled time-series observations. Ditto, high-time-resolution observations of bright targets with high signal-to-noise are rare. By pulling an optical fibre of 450m length from the Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope (VATT) to the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) to connect the Potsdam Echelle Polarimetric and Spectroscopic Instrument (PEPSI) to the VATT, allows for ultra-high resolution time-series measurements of bright targets. This article presents the fibre-link in detail from the technical point-of-view, demonstrates its performance from first observations, and sketches current applications.
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Fisher, Michael I. "Transition state analogue inhibitors of the aspartyl proteases." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363233.
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Del, Negro André 1976. "Modelo experimental de simulação de tabagismo e refluxos faringolaríngeo, gastro-esofágico e cancinogênese em ratos Wistar." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311393.
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Orientadores: Nelson Adami Andreollo, Antônio Santos MartinsTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Tabagismo e etilismo são os dois fatores mais importantes na gênese do carcinoma espinocelular do trato aero-digestivo superior (TADS). Outros fatores de risco podem estar envolvidos, como o refluxo faringolaríngeo (RFL). O objetivo desta pesquisa foi testar modelos experimentais de simulação do refluxo faringolaríngeo e gastro-esofágico e modelo de exposição à fumaça do cigarro em câmara fechada utilizando ratos Wistar, avaliando a injúria tecidual causada nas mucosas faringolaríngea e esofágica dos animais. Na Fase I, foram empregados cinquenta ratos Wistar divididos em 5 grupos submetidos à simulação do RFL, exposição à fumaça do cigarro, simulação do refluxo gastro-esofágico e simulação combinada do RFL e exposição tabágica, durante 6 meses. Na Fase II, oitenta e dois ratos Wistar foram divididos em 7 grupos e submetidos à simulação do RFL com "aplicações bi e tri-semanais" de ácido clorídrico, pepsina e nitrato de sódio durante 6 meses. Ambas as fases possuíam grupo controle expostos à apenas água. Não se observou displasia ou neoplasia. Alterações inflamatórias em graus variados foram observadas, com infiltrado linfocitário e mastocitário, além de hiperplasia epitelial. Os modelos experimentais desenvolvidos mostraram-se eficientes, reprodutíveis e de baixo custo para a simulação do tabagismo e do refluxo em animais de pequeno porte
Abstract: Smoking and drinking are the two main causes of squamous cell carcinoma in upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) mucosa. Other risk factors can be involved, as laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). The objective of this study was to test experimental models that simulate laryngopharyngeal and gastroesophageal refluxes and a tobacco exposition chamber, analyzing the tissue injury caused to the pharyngolaryngeal and esophageal mucosa using Wistar rats. In Fase I fifty Wistar rats were divided in five groups submitted to LPR, smoke exposition, gastroesophageal reflux and combined reflux and smoke exposition, during 6 months. In Fase II eighty-two Wistar rats were divided in seven groups and submitted to 2 or 3 weekly applications of hydrochloric acid, pepsin and sodium nitrate during 6 months. Both fases had control groups exposed to water alone. Neither dysplasia nor neoplasia were detected. Inflammatory changes were observed in varying degrees with lymphocytes and mast cells, and focal epithelial hyperplasia was observed. The data of the current study could not corroborate the hypothesis that gastroesophageal and pharyngolaryngeal refluxes are carcinogenic factors to UADT mucosa. The experimental model developed, had a low cost, was efficient and reproducible for smoking simulation in small animals
Doutorado
Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica
Doutor em Ciências
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Lister, P. M. "The synthesis of potential inhibitors of renin and pepsin." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373201.
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Cardoso, Teresa Margarida Pedrosa. "Conformational stability of the archetypal aspartic proteinase, pepsin A." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/944.
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Doutoramento em BioquímicaA pepsina A tem sido considerada um protótipo do grupo das proteinases aspárticas, cuja relevância ao nível da patofisiologia humana tem estimulado intensa pesquisa. As propriedades moleculares e catalíticas da pepsina A começaram a ser exploradas há cerca de um século. Contudo, a informação existente sobre a estabilidade conformacional desta proteína em condições nativas é insuficiente. Elucidação dos factores responsáveis pela manutenção do estado conformacional naturalmente enrolado e activo de proteínas é vital para estabelecer estratégias de modulação da estabilidade. Com o objectivo de obter novos conhecimentos acerca das bases da estabilidade conformacional da pepsina A, foi adoptada uma abordagem que consistiu na indução e monitorização da desnaturação da proteína no seu estado naturalmente enrolado. A severidade das condições ambientais foi gradualmente agravada por adição de desnaturantes e / ou modificação de propriedades físicas e químicas do sistema proteína-solvente. Após uma fase de incubação nas condições desnaturantes, com a duração típica de 1 h, mudanças nas propriedades espectrais, no comportamento hidrodinâmico, na estabilidade térmica e na actividade peptidolítica da pepsina A de suíno foram avaliadas. O solvente orgânico, acetonitrilo, induziu destruição não-cooperativa dos arranjos secundário e terciário desta proteína. Sugere-se que a drástica debilitação das estruturas de hidratação pelo acetonitrilo terá impelido o desenrolamento global. Adicionalmente, a pepsina A revelou-se particularmente resistente à acção desordenante de dois agentes caotrópicos clássicos, o hidrocloreto de guanidina (GdnHCl) e a ureia. Um estado intermediário estável foi identificado durante a reacção de desenrolamento da proteína nativa induzida pelo GdnHCl. A adição de acetonitrilo a uma molaridade intermédia permitiu a identificação de um diferente estado parcialmente desenrolado na presença de GdnHCl a concentrações prétransicionais. Dados espectroscópicos indiciam promoção de ordem local a nível do esqueleto polipeptídico pela ureia a baixas e altas molaridades. Indução de extenso desenrolamento da proteína pela ureia requereu concentrações quase saturantes deste desnaturante e períodos de exposição de duração superior a 1 h. Foram detectados fenómenos de aparente estabilização, quando a fase de pré-incubação da proteína em ambos os agentes caotrópicos a baixas molaridades foi prolongada para 3 dias. A pepsina A no seu estado nativo revelou-se bastante termoestável. Contudo, 1 h de exposição da proteína, antes do seu aquecimento, a qualquer dos três desnaturantes a concentrações pré-transicionais foi suficiente para aumentar a termolabilidade da proteína. Contribuições de interacções hidrofóbicas e estruturas de solvatação para a estabilidade conformacional da pepsina A no seu estado biologicamente activo são discutidas nesta dissertação.
Pepsin A has been considered a prototype of the group of aspartic proteinases, whose significance in human pathophysiology has galvanized intensive research. Molecular and catalytic properties of pepsin A have been explored for about a century. However, there is only fragmentary data on the conformational stability of this protein under native conditions. Elucidation of the factors accountable for the maintenance of the natively ordered and active conformational state of a protein is vital for engendering strategies for tailoring stability. In order to gain new insights into the scaffold of the conformational stability of pepsin A, an approach based on induction and monitoring of denaturation of the natively folded protein was adopted throughout the investigation reported herein. Environmental stringency was gradually increased by adding denaturants and / or modifying chemical and physical properties of the protein-solvent system. After a period of incubation in the denaturing conditions, which lasted typically 1 h, changes in spectral properties, hydrodynamic behaviour, thermal stability and peptidolytic activity of porcine pepsin A were appraised. The organic solvent, acetonitrile, was found to induce non-cooperative destruction of secondary and tertiary arrangements of this protein. Drastic debilitation of hydration structures by acetonitrile is suggested to have triggered global unfolding. In addition, pepsin A revealed to be particularly resistant to the disordering action of two classic chaotropes, guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) and urea. A stable, intermediary state could be identified in the pathway of GdnHCl-induced unfolding of native pepsin A. Upon addition of acetonitrile at an intermediary molarity, a different partially unfolded state could be identified in the presence of GdnHCl at pre-transitional concentrations. It is apparent from spectroscopic data that urea promoted local backbone order at low and high molarities. And, periods of exposure longer than 1 h to urea at near-saturating concentrations were required to onset gross unfolding by this denaturant. Phenomena of apparent stabilization were detected when submission of the protein to both chaotropes at low molarities was prolonged to 3 days. Furthermore, pepsin A in its native state was noted to be rather thermostable. However, 1 h - incubation at pre - transitional concentrations of any denaturant prior to heating caused a raise in the protein thermolability. Contributions from hydrophobic interactions and solvation structures to the conformational stability of pepsin A in its biologically active state are discussed in this dissertation.
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Singh, Danny Ravinder. "Phosphorus containing transition state analogue inhibitors of the aspartyl proteases." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368303.
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Rounick, Adam. "Death By Pop Rocks and Pepsi: Stories." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1524820283355231.
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Coker, Alun Richard. "Crystallographic studies of the E. coli chaperonins and human pepsin." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299869.
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Briand-Guérard, Fabienne. "La Pepsine II de roussette Scyliorhinus canicula (L.) caractérisation et possibilités d'utilisations industrielles /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37603450r.
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Jeyaragavan, Tharmalingam. "Effect of genetic variants on hydrolysis of -casein by chymosin and pepsin." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31245.
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Several studies have demonstrated that certain genetic variants of beta-casein are closely related to milk production, milk composition and technological properties of milk such as coagulation properties during cheese making, calcium precipitation and water binding properties. The objective of current study is to investigate the effect of the genetic variants on hydrolysis of beta-casein by chymosin and pepsin. On the basis of a preliminary analysis, a total of 50 milk samples which provided representatives of different available genetic variants of beta-casein were collected from different herds in Quebec. Casein was prepared from milk samples by the acid precipitation and the genetic variants of beta-casein were identified by both alkaline and acid urea-PAGE. An anion exchange chromatography was employed for the separation of beta-casein from whole casein. An initial hydrolysis of beta-casein of different phenotypes by chymosin and pepsin were achieved under the optimized hydrolytic conditions. Hydrolysates were periodically removed from the reaction mixture and they were analyzed by both RP-HPLC and SDS-PAGE in order to study the hydrolytic pattern of each beta-casein variant with the increasing hydrolytic time. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Jefferson, Julius J. "Effect of genetic variants on hydrolysis of bovine k-casein by chymosin and pepsin." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33786.
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Caseins are present in milk in the form of large spherical complexes called micelles that are stabilized by kappa-casein found on the surface. This stabilizing effect is lost when milk clotting enzymes hydrolyze kappa-casein thereby initiating the coagulation process. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of kappa-casein polymorphism upon hydrolysis by proteases. The A and B forms are the most common genetic variants of kappa-casein in Canadian Holstein dairy herds, representing three phenotypes AA, AB and BB. Whole casein from Holstein milk samples was fractionated into its four major components by ion-exchange chromatography using Express Ion Exchanger Q Anion Exchanger and Macro-Prep High Q Anion Exchange Support columns. The kappa-casein fraction was isolated, dialyzed, and assessed for its phenotype and purity by PAGE. The pure forms of the three different phenotypes of kappa-casein (AA, AB, BB) at a final concentration of 0.5% were then hydrolyzed by calf chymosin (1:500) and porcine pepsin (1:1000) at a pH of 5.8 at 37°C. Aliquots were collected at 0, 5, 15, 30, 60 and 90 min and the reaction stopped by using 24% NH4OH. The rate of hydrolysis of the three phenotypes was analyzed by comparing the disappearance of the substrate with time from the RP-HPLC chromatograms using Waters MAXIMA software. SDS-PAGE was used to calculate the approximate molecular weight of the hydrolytic products. Analysis of the hydrolysate profiles indicated that there was significant difference (P < 0.05) in the rate of hydrolysis between the phenotypes. Under the present conditions at a pH of 5.8, the AA phenotype showed a significantly slower rate of hydrolysis by both chymosin and pepsin, than the other two phenotypes. There was no significant difference in the rate of hydrolysis between the phenotypes AB and BB during chymosin hydrolysis. The BB phenotype is hydrolyzed more extensively and the AB phenotype is intermediate between the two variants in the p
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Okoniewska, Monika K. "The role of flap residues in the activation and catalysis of pepsin." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0020/NQ47404.pdf.
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Aresta-Dasilva, Stephanie K. "Structure-function study on pepsin and comparative digestion of albumin and gliadins." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12272.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.Background: Although pepsin's crystal structure has been analyzed extensively, enzymatic components and sequential characteristics that make pepsin so functional and resilient in the acidity of the stomach, remain to be determined. Upon comprehending this phenomenon, researchers can begin to utilize and exploit such properties from other enzymes in an attempt to engineer enzymes that are gastric-active, with potential application in gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate pepsin protease activities under ionic conditions representative of the stomach and representative of the duodenum. Two proteins were selected as protease substrates: albumin (test protein) and gliadin, which is an abundant dietary protein contained in cereals. The latter was chosen since it is a protein that is implicated in celiac disease. Celiac disease is a gastrointestinal (GI) disorder that renders patients intolerant to gluten and its molecular components, gliadins and gluten ins. Once dietary gluten reaches the duodenum of a celiac patient, T cells trigger an inflammatory response. Besides pepsin, we also investigated the susceptibility of both substrates to trypsin and chymotrypsin. All enzymes were standardized to the same unit concentration and digestion was carried out in solutions mimicking those of the stomach (pH 2.0 for pepsin) and the duodenum (pH 8.0, for trypsin and chymotrypsin). Enzymatic efficacy was assessed to determine which enzyme, at the standardized concentration, is most effective at digesting albumin and gliadins. Methods: Stimulated gastric fluid (SGF) was prepared, consisting of NaCl (35 mM) and HCl (84 mM). Albumin was dissolved to 2 mg/ml in water and gliadins in 60% ethanol stock solution to 2 mg/ml. Pepsin (3 ,900 U/mg solid) was dissolved in SGF to 1 mg/ml (3,900 U/ml). Chymotrypsin (66 U/mg solid) and trypsin (9 ,700 U/solid) were each dissolved to 1 mg/ml in duodenal buffer (DB). Gliadin or albumin were mixed with aliquots of pepsin, trypsin, or chymotrypsin yielding final albumin and gliadin concentrations of 100 µg/ml and final enzyme concentrations of 3.9 U/ml. The samples were incubated at 37 degrees in a waterbath. After various time points (t=O, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min.), sample aliquots were removed and boiled to abolish pepsin enzymatic activity. Samples were then dried, re-suspended, and analyzed by SDS PAGE. After staining the gels with coomassie brilliant blue, proteolysis of albumin by pepsin was assessed visually and by densitometric analysis. Results: The SDS-PAGE gels revealed that the added amount of albumin was completely digested by pepsin after approximately 10 minutes of incubation. Mixed gliadins, however, remained mostly undigested throughout the entire incubatory period. Trypsin and chymotrypsin, however, at the tested unit concentration of 3.9 U/ml, were not effective at digesting albumin or gliadins throughout the entire incubatory period. Conclusion: Our results confirmed that gliadin is incompletely digested by pepsin in SGF solution. It is feasible that upon prolonged incubation of gliadin with pepsin, some degradation might occur, which will be further investigated. Furthermore, Trypsin and chymotrypsin are both ineffective when diluted to the same unit concentration as pepsin. Prolonging the incubatory time frame (t=0-30 minutes) may have some impact on digestion, however, it seems the most logical means of determining efficacy would be to determine the effective U/ml concentrations for trypsin and chymotrypsin. Only then can the efficacy of both duodenal enzymes towards albumin and gliadins be quantitatively compared to that of pepsin.
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Ofori, Rosemary Anima. "Preparation of gelatin from fish skin by an enzyme aided process." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30716.
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Gelatin was extracted from shark and salmon skins by an enzyme aided process. A three factor, two level central composite rotatable design was used to optimize the process. The factors were namely, enzyme: dry fish skin weight ratio, incubation time, and temperature. The data were analyzed by response surface methodology to determine the optimum conditions for the deproteinization, demineralization and extraction process variables.Optimum conditions for deproteinization of shark skin by trypsin was about 25°C for 3h, and an E/S ratio of 0.08% (w/w). That for salmon was optimum at 25°C for 1 h with an E/S ratio of 1:1000. The ash content of the shark skins was reduced to over 80% at optimum demineralization conditions of 0.7M citric acid at 25°C for 3h.
Demineralised salmon skins treated with pepsin at an E/S ratio of 0.02% (w/w) for 1h at 25°C resulted in maximum gelatin yield ranging from 7--8%. For shark, the maximum yield was between 18--20% at an E/S ratio of 0.02% (w/w) for 3h at 25°C. The chemical and enzyme treatments had an effect on the viscosity, bloom value and molecular weight for both salmon and shark gelatins.
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Newton, Julia L. "Changes in gastrointestinal secretion in relation to advancing age and Helicobacter pylori infection." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244553.
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Ayre, Lorna M. "The adsorption of proteins onto ultrafiltration membranes." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/35236.
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The mass of five proteins (Bovine serum albumin (BSA), casein, lysozyme, ovalbumin and pepsin) adsorbed to five different membrane materials (of various hydrophobicities) was quantified using a static system and analysed to establish any trends. Comparing the results from the five membranes it seems that there were no obvious trends between the protein masses adsorbed indicating that it may not be just one aspect of protein structure that is important in the adsorption process. Many investigations have indicated that the protein may undergo a conformational change during the adsorption process. Disulphide bridges contribute readily to the stability of the protein molecule and it was hypothesised that if such a structural change occurred, it would result in the breakage of these covalent bonds. To this end, the free thiol group content of the proteins was quantified before and after adsorption.
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Tedford, Morag Catriona Catriona Tedford Morag. "Studies on the mode of action of pepsin : the behaviour of labelled tripeptides /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1987. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=8205.
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Гафыкина, М. "Влияние брендирования на уровень продаж (на примере торговой точки Pepsi)." Thesis, Изд-во СумГУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/28273.
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Наук. кер.: А.В. КубаткоВ наше время на уровень продаж осуществляет влияние множество факторов таких как: спрос, цена, предложение, инфляция, средняя заработная плата населения и т.д. Так же одним из факторов является брендирование. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/28273
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Robertson, Sirion Sholto Douglas. "Studies on the gastric proteases in three South African snake species." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004639.
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The pepsinogens and pepsins of cobra, mole snake and puff adder have been studied. The pepsinogens of all three species fall into two distinct groups, here designated PI and PII. At least the latter group, in all cases, shows substantial microheterogeneity. Physicochemical studies suggest that the cobra and puff adder PII groups are more similar to each other than either is to the mole snake PII group. Kinetic studies indicate that, in the cobra and mole snake, the PI and PII pepsins differ in their Arrhenius activation energies. Such difference is smaller, or absent, in the case of the puff adder PI and PII pepsins. These characteristics of the pepsins are assessed in the context of the differences between the oral secretions of the three species studied. The suggestion is advanced that the puff adder's strongly proteolytic venom has influenced certain properties of its gastric proteases.
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Juárez, Reyes Arturo Saul. "Étude de la digestibilité des pâturages naturels sahéliens sénégalais par la méthode de la pepsine-cellulase." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066229.
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Caractéristiques des pâturages naturels de la zone sahélienne du Sénégal et méthodes d'étude des pâturages naturels. Etude expérimentale pour une parcelle de 750 ha d'un ranch de reelevage, au centre du Sénégal entre la zone sylvopastorale du Ferlo et le bassin arachidier: description du tapis herbacé, productivité, choix des espèces par les ovins et les bovins, digestibilité du régime (in vitro, in vivo).
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Tvrdý, Aleš. "Marketingové strategie značek Coca-Cola, Pepsi a Kofola na českém trhu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193521.
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This diploma thesis in the first chapter characterises the concepts of brand and marketing strategy including their main components. In the second chapter deals with the brands Coca-Cola, Pepsi and Kofola and their elements, image, positioning and marketing mix. In the final part, the results of two surveys are presented - a survey of the retail chains and a survey among consumers of those brands, which are dealing with analysis of the market positiong of those brands and their perception by the consumers.
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Coyle, Cathal Padraig. "The interaction of Aliginates with Pepsins and other proteins. Implications for the treatment of reflux related disorders." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507505.
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Pedroni, Claudia. "Zum Mechanismus der durch Pepsin katalysierten Automerisierung des Tripeptids L-Leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucin /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1994. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=10813.
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Middleton, Aurea. "Pepsin and salivary amylase biomarkers of microaspiration in oral and tracheal secretions of intubated patients." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/588.
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Introduction: The presence of an endotracheal tube (ETT) increases the risk for microaspiration of secretions around the ETT. Biomarkers of pepsin and salivary amylase may be used to identify microaspiration in intubated patients because of their naturally occurring presence in the stomach or oral cavity and non-occurrence in the respiratory tract. Microaspiration may be difficult to detect until pulmonary complications, such as lung injury or infection, occur. This study assessed the presence of pepsin and salivary amylase in oral and tracheal secretions of ventilated adults. Method(s): This is a secondary analysis of data collected from 11 critically ill, adult patients on mechanical ventilation (MV) enrolled in a study to identify cues for ETT suctioning. Two paired samples of oral and tracheal secretions were suctioned when clinically indicated. Tracheal secretions were suctioned with a closed system, and oral secretions were obtained with an oropharyngeal catheter. Specimens were analyzed for total pepsin, pepsin A, pepsin C, and salivary amylase according to established assays. Results: Of 11 subjects, the majority were men (n=8), on enteral feedings (n=9) via a feeding tube placed in the stomach (n=7), and intubated with a continuous subglottic suction ETT (n=8). Median values: age, 62 years; duration of MV, 5.5 days; ETT cuff pressure 24 cm H2O; head of bed, 30degrees]. Pepsin was in measured in both oral (30.5 ng/mL; n=8) and tracheal secretions (11.1 ng/mL; n=7); Similar findings were noted for pepsin A (oral 14.7 ng/mL, n=7; sputum 7.4 ng/mL, n=6) and pepsin C (oral 14.7, n=7; tracheal 7.4, n=6). Salivary amylase (mean micro]mol/min/mL) was present in all oral secretions (359.8) and in the sputum of 6 subjects (1.8). Discussion & Conclusions: The majority of intubated patients on MV had both pepsin and salivary amylase in their sputum, likely due to microaspiration of secretions.; This finding suggests greater efforts are needed to reduce patients' risk. Ongoing strategies to prevent gastric reflux are important such as head of bed elevation and monitoring residuals. Presence of salivary amylase within tracheal secretions may indicate a need for more frequent oropharyngeal suctioning as part of routine care of intubated patients. Analysis shows no variations of the presence of pepsin or salivary amylase in relation to feeding tube placement or type of ETT. Generalizability is limited by the small sample size.B.S.N.
Bachelors
Nursing
Nursing
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Merz, Martin Jens [Verfasser]. "Die Degradation der organischen Dentinmatrix durch Pepsin unter erosiven Bedingungen in vitro / Martin Jens Merz." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1063110726/34.
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Nobre, Ana Cristina Paiva. "Uso das tecnologias de diagnóstico em neuromarketing : caso Coca-Cola vs Pepsi." Master's thesis, FEUC, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/18813.
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Omer, Muhammad Kashif. "Marketing Communication of Pepsi and Coca Cola in Pakistan : Advertising in Communication." Thesis, Västerås : Mälardalen University. School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2008. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:37418/FULLTEXT01.
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Sannier, Frédéric. "Contribution a la mise en oeuvre des proteases dans des systemes ouverts : hydrolyse de l'hemoglobine par la pepsine." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMP0498.
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L'hydrolyse de l'hémoglobine bovine a été réalisée par la pepsine à pH2 et 40°c dans des réacteurs ouverts tels que le réacteur à ultrafiltration et le réacteur à lit fixe. Nous avons particulièrement suivi la stabilité de l'activité enzymatique s ces systèmes. Nous avons tout d'abord caractérisé, en système fermé, le comportement de l'hémoglobine en fonction du pH et de la température, l'activité de la pepsine, les cinétiques d'hydrolyse ainsi que les produits de la réaction. Dans le réacteur à ultrafiltration, la pepsine s'est révélée très sensible à la dénaturation par autolyse et sous l'effet des contraintes mécaniques. L'hémoglobine a monté un effet protecteur vis à vis de ces deux dénaturations mais intervenait dans le passage de la pepsine à vers la membrane d'ultrafiltration. Ceci est probablement dû aux charges électrostatiques portées par l'hémoglobine et la pepsine à pH 2 La nature des protéines et les conditions physico-chimiques utilisées ont joué un rôle primordial dans la sélectivité de la membrane d'ultrafiltration et ont pu conséquent déterminé la stabilité de l’activité enzymatique dans le réacteur. Afin d'augmenter la rétention de l'activité enzymatique dans le réacteur à ultrafiltration, la peptine a été insolubilisée par un cubodiimide ce qui a permis d'augmenter le temps de demi-vie du réacteur d’un facteur 2,4. La possibilité de retenir totalement la pepsine dans le réacteur à UF permet d'envisager un meilleur contrôle de la réaction d'hydrolyse et une modulation des produits de la réaction. La méthode au carbodiimide a également permis d'immobiliser la pepsine sur des supports insolubles tels que des billes de silice ou des résines Duolites et de mettre en œuvre cette pepsine immobilisée dans un réacteur à lit fixe. L'hydrolyse continue de l'hémoglobine pH2 et 40°C a pu être menée pendant 30 jours tout en conservant une grande activité.
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Olsson, Mikaela. ""Sorry Coke and Pepsi" : En studie om jämförande marknadsföring och dess retoriska strategier." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för retorik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-242187.
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Studien undersöker reklamfilmer som använder sig av andra varumärken i sin reklam för att marknadsföra sig. Studien analyserar de olika reklamfilmerna för att se vilka retoriska strategier som används i reklamfilmerna, samt hur publiken kan tänkas uppfatta dessa. Studien problematiserar och diskuterar användningen av de olika strategierna som används i reklamfilmerna, samt på vilket sätt reklamfilmerna är utformade. Studien visar på att företag gynnas av de jämförande marknadsföringsstrategier de använder sig av. Det framkommer också i studien att när jämförande reklam publiceras blir det ofta stor uppmärksamhet riktad till just den och de företag som är inkluderade i den. Studien visar på att jämförande marknadsföring är ett verktyg som innehåller många strategier som verkar positivt för företag och därför är användbara inom marknadsföring och reklam. Studien belyser också att dessa strategier är utvecklande för marknaden det berör samt alla företag som befinner sig inom den.
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Cingöz, Annabelle. "Analyse d'une protéine ciblée par immunoaffinité et digestion sur microréacteur enzimatique couplés en ligne à une analyse par chromatographie liquide et spectrométrie de masse : synthèse, caractérisation et miniaturisation des outils bioanalytiques." Paris 6, 2009. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005500.
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L’étude de protéines ciblées comme des biomarqueurs dans des matrices biologiques est un réel défi pour le diagnostic médical. De nos jours, la technique de choix est la chromatographie en phase liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse. Cependant, l’analyse d’une protéine induit une étape de traitement d’échantillon afin de purifier au mieux la matrice biologique. En vue d’une automatisation totale de l'analyse, une étape d'extraction sélective a été couplée à un réacteur enzymatique suivie de l’analyse par CPL-SM. Tout d’abord, différents réacteurs enzymatiques ont été préparés et évalués. Puis, une étape extraction a été développée via un immunoadsorbant (IS). L’IS a ensuite été couplé à l’analyse pour une application à un échantillon de plasma dopé. Enfin, un des défis analytiques actuels est la miniaturisation du système analytique afin d’augmenter la sensibilité. Ainsi, un réacteur enzymatique a été préparé dans en format capillaire. L’efficacité de digestion a été démontrée sur un substrat de faible poids moléculaire. La synthèse d’un IS miniaturisé sera envisagée dans le but d’un couplage avec le réacteur enzymatique et l’analyse par nano-CPL/SM.
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Adje, Estelle Yaba. "Hydrolyse ménagée de l’hémoglobine bovine par la pepsine porcine en mélanges hydroalcooliques et obtention d’une nouvelle famille de peptides antimicrobiens." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10103/document.
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L’hydrolyse de l’hémoglobine bovine par la pepsine peut être considérée comme une voie importante d’obtention de peptides antimicrobiens face à l’émergence des résistances bactériennes aux divers antibiotiques. Des alcools connus comme des solvants structurants ont été utilisés afin d’aboutir à une hydrolyse ménagée de l’hémoglobine par la pepsine. Le méthanol, l’éthanol, le propanol, le butanol ou le trifluoroéthanol ont été utilisés en vue de préserver ou d’induire de nouvelles modifications structurales de l’hémoglobine. L’hydrolyse pepsique de l’hémoglobine en milieu hydroalcoolique a aboutit à un mélange peptidique moins complexe majoritairement composé de peptides intermédiaires à activité antimicrobienne. L’étude des variations structurales a été réalisée par dichroïsme circulaire, spectrofluorimétrie et spectrophotométrie UV-visible. L’utilisation de 10% de TFE a permis l’obtention d’un hydrolysat moins complexe riche en peptides intermédiaires hydrophobes mais à concentration faible. La présence de 40% de méthanol, 30% d’éthanol, 20% de propanol ou de 10% de butanol a amélioré cette concentration. Ces alcools ont rendu plus spécifique l’activité de l’enzyme par une augmentation de l’hydrolyse préférentiellement en position C-terminale des leucines. Ils ont également rendu accessible le coeur hydrophobe de l’hémoglobine permettant ainsi d’obtenir une nouvelle famille peptidique: la famille α 67-106. Cette famille a montré une activité antimicrobienne vis-à-vis de quatre souches bactériennes (CMI: 35,2-187,1 μM) et une activité antihypertensive potentielle par sa capacité d’inhibition de l’enzyme de conversion de l’angiotensine (CI50: 42,55-1095 μM)In view of the emergence of resistant bacteria, hydrolysis of bovine hemoglobin by pepsin can be considered as an important way for the obtaining of antimicrobial peptides. Known alcohols as structural solvents were used to lead to a limited hydrolysis of bovine hemoglobin. Methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, or trifluoroethanol were used in order to preserve or induce further structural changes of hemoglobin. Peptic hydrolysis of hemoglobin in hydroalcoholic solution has permitted to obtain less complex hydrolysate mainly composed of intermediate antimicrobial peptides. Structural changes of proteins were investigated using spectroscopic methods, such as, UV-visible spectophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroïsm. Use of 10% TFE was allowed to less complex hydrolysate, containing intermediate hydrophobic peptides. Neverless, concentration of these peptides was low. Use of 40% methanol, 30% ethanol, 20% propanol or 10% butanol has improved this concentration. These alcohols have induced and increased more specific activity of pepsin, located preferentially in C-terminal position of leucine. They have also made available the hydrophobic core of hemoglobin allowing to a new peptide family: 67-106 α family. This family showed antimicrobial activity against four bacterial strains (MIC: 35.2-187.1 μM) and displayed at the same time ACE inhibitory activity (IC50: 42.55-1095 μM)
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Özer, Aylin Coşkun Döner Fehmi. "Deneysel mide içeriği sıvısının tavşan burun ve paranazal sinüslerine etkisi /." Isparta : SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi, 2004. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TT00136.pdf.
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Spivey, John Kirby. "Coke vs. Pepsi: The Cola Wars in South Africa during The Anti-Apartheid Era." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/history_theses/35.
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This thesis looks at the actions of Coca-Cola and Pepsi in South Africa during both the anti-apartheid movement and the post-apartheid era. The processes which led to those actions, both corporations’ removal of their presence in South Africa, the effects this had on South Africa, and their reemergence in a post-apartheid state are examined. It will be shown that, despite the public relations campaigns of both Coke and Pepsi, far more importance was placed on their products’ profitability than the well-being of the black Africans who produced, delivered, or consumed the soft drinks. However, both companies found their actions during the 1980s to affect their success after the fall of apartheid. Coke never truly left the country, leading to overwhelming dominance through the rest of the 20th century. Pepsi adhered to different social imperatives and suffered exceptionally low market shares as a result.
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Spivey, J. Kirby. "Coke vs. Pepsi the cola wars in South Africa during the anti-apartheid era /." unrestricted, 2009. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07032009-071127/.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2009.Title from file title page. Jared Poley, committee chair; Mohammed Hassen Ali, committee member. Description based on contents viewed Feb. 11, 2010. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-80).
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Weyersbach, Bernd Eduard. "O gerenciamento estratégico de uma marca global no Brasil: o caso da Pepsi-Cola." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/5519.
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Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:19:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2000-10-31T00:00:00ZApuração de conhecimento sobre teorias de estratégias globais, estratégias de marcas e a verificação destas através de um estudo de caso, focando na marca Pepsi-Cola. Considera que a seleção, implementação e opere~cionalização de decisões estratégicas sobre marcas são elementos chave para a obtenção e a manutenção de vantagens competitivas de uma empresa
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Allen, Katherine. "Pepsin and amylase in oral and tracheal secretions of patients with standard versus continuous subglottic suctioning endotracheal tubes." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/649.
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The aspiration of oral and gastric substances is a well-known risk for ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) in the intubated, mechanically ventilated (MV), patient of the intensive care unit (ICU) population. The gastric biomarker pepsin and the oral biomarker salivary amylase have been identified as evidence of aspiration prior to the manifestation of acute pulmonary illness. In an effort to decrease the risk for aspiration, several evidence based nursing practices are in place. Actions include 30 degree head of the bed positioning, oral care, suctioning, and circuit change interval protocols, as well as the administration of medication with the objective of reducing acid reflux. Additional recommendations concern the type of endotracheal tube (ETT) used to ventilate the intubated patient. The continuous subglottic suctioning endotracheal tube (CSS-ETT) features an additional port which continually suctions secretions that accumulate above the inflated endotracheal cuff. Patients with standard endotracheal tubes (S-ETT) receive manual, as needed suctioning of accumulated secretions in the mouth and the oropharynx per agency protocol. Research of the critical care population has demonstrated a decreased instance of VAP using CSS-ETT as compared to S-ETT utilization. This study sought to compare the incidence of the biomarkers pepsin and salivary amylase in the suctioned oral and tracheal secretions of patients with S-ETT compared to patients with CSS-ETT. Part of the protocol of a descriptive, comparative study of the clinical indicators for suctioning established the collection of the paired suctioned oral and tracheal aspirates. Those collected aspirates were analyzed for a pilot study of pepsin and amylase analysis. This study compares the incidence of aspirates in oral and tracheal secretions by endotracheal tube type.; The intention of this study was that it would assist in demonstrating beneficial aspects of the selection of the CSS-ETT. It is considered that further investigation with a larger population group could add statistical significance.; Tracheal aspirates were obtained with a closed tracheal suction device while oral secretions were obtained with a suction catheter designed to reach the oropharynx. Biomarkers assayed were the gastric marker pepsin and the oropharyngeal marker salivary amylase. Assays of pepsin and salivary amylase were performed using standard procedures in a specialty diagnostic laboratory. Specimens were obtained from 11 subjects: 8 male and 3 female. The majority were Caucasian (n=9), had a CSS-ETT (n=8), were on mechanical ventilation in the synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation mode, and on tube feedings (n=9) located in the stomach (n=7). The mean age was 56 years. Feeding tubes were placed in 9 patients, and the majority of the tubes were Dobbhoff. Pepsin was found in the oral secretions of 62.5% (n = 5) of the CSS-ETT subjects, while 50.0% (n = 4) had pepsin in the tracheal aspirate. Pepsin was found in the oral secretions of 66.7% (n = 2) of the S-ETT subjects, and 66.7% (n = 2) had pepsin in their tracheal aspirate. All subjects of both groups (n = 11) had oral salivary amylase detected. Salivary amylase was detected in the tracheal aspirate of 100% (n = 3) of the S-ETT subjects versus 62.5% (n = 5) in CSS-ETT group. Based on the results of this study, there was a reduction in the number of subjects who had oral compared to tracheal aspirate pepsin in the CSS-ETT group (n = 5 oral versus n = 4 tracheal) tube type. The S-ETT group had equal number of subjects with oral (n = 2) and tracheal pepsin detected (n = 2). However, the results when comparing the S-ETT and the CSS-ETT groups were not statistically significant (p = 0.898 pepsin oral and 0.621 tracheal pepsin). There may be clinical significance. It appears that the CSS-ETT was beneficial in that group; two fewer subjects had pepsin in their tracheal aspirate (n = 5 oral versus n = 4 tracheal aspirate pepsin).B.S.N.
Bachelors
Nursing
Nursing