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Academic literature on the topic 'Peptide synthétases'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Peptide synthétases"
Tambadou, Fatoumata. "Étude de la production de peptides non-ribosomiques chez des souches de Paenibacillus." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS019/document.
Full textColistin is a cationic cyclic polypeptide antibiotic belonging to the polymyxin family and targeting bacterial membranes. It is produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa through a Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase (NRPS) mechanism. In the context of cystic fibrosis (CF), colistin is used for the treatment of lung infections caused by multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Unfortunately, this molecule is also known for its strong side effects. So far, genetic systems controlling the production of polymyxins were little known. In this study we characterized by High-resolution LC-MS the antimicrobial molecules, including colistins, of a new Paenibacillus. A genomic library of this strain was constructed and screened to identify genes involved in the production of these antibiotics. A degenerated PCR screening was performed and allowed to select four clones in the genomic library. In silico study allowed to identify a new NRPS gene cluster responsible for the biosynthesis of colistin variants. In the future, this work might allow the harnessing of the production of colistin derived structures, more active and/or showing fewer side effects. In parallel, a second investigation was performed in order to find new NRPS genes in a collection of one hundred intertidal mudflat bacterial isolates. This work has allowed the identification of new sequences and the characterization of a new antimicrobial producing strain
Godzaridis, Élénie. "Modélisation bio-informatique du mécanisme d'action d'inhibiteurs de la voie de biosynthèse du peptidoglycane." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23561.
Full textPupin, Maude. "Modèles bio-informatiques pour les peptides non-ribosomiques et leurs synthétases." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00918918.
Full textFritz, Loïc. "Etude de l'activité peptidyl synthétase de la carboxypeptidase Y : influence de la structure primaire du fragment C-terminal du substrat et application au radiomarquage 3H de 3 hormones neurohypophysaires." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P617.
Full textMellal, Dénia. "Synthèse d'analogues d'aminoacyl-ARNt et de conjugués peptidyl-ARN pour l'étude d'une aminoacyl-transférase non ribosomale de type FEM." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066619.
Full textAminoacyl-transferases Fem catalyse an essential step of peptidoglycan biosynthesis in pathogenic bacteria and are considered as attractive targets for the development of novel antibiotics. FemX from Weissela viridescens, the model enzyme of the family, transfers L-Ala from Ala-tRNAAla to the ε-amino group of L-Lys in the peptidoglycan precursor UDP-Mur-NAc-pentapeptide (UM5K). The crystal structures of the apo-enzyme and of UM5K/FemX complex have been determinated but co-crystallization with Ala-tRNAAla has not been obtained. To design biochemical tools for co-crystallization of FemXWv, we developed the semi-synthesis of highly modified aminoacyl-tRNAs and peptidyl-RNA conjugates that interact specifically with the enzyme. Analogues of Ala-tRNAAla containing an amide linkage, instead of the natural hydrolysable ester function, were synthesized and a study on the influence of the terminal ribose conformation on the aminoacyl transfer was done by NMR studies. Reactional intermediate analogue containing a carbamate moiety was designed to mimic the nucleophilic attack of the carbonyl of Ala-tRNAAla by the lateral chain of L-Lys. Another approach of obtaining aminoacyl-tRNA analogues was to introduce an azide onto tRNA and an alkyne onto UM5K to design peptidyl-RNA conjugates, containing the tRNA covalently linked to the peptidoglycan precursor, by Meldal-Huisgen-Sharpless Cu(I) catalyzed cycloaddition. The analogues were tested as inhibitors of FemXWv (LRMA collaboration) and revealed very good IC50 values wich range from 5. 8 µM to 25 pM. By these approaches, we designed biochemical tools for co-crystallization of FemXWv. The information gathered on the structure of its active site and on the catalytic mechanism of FemXWv, should provide the critical information for the rationale design of drugs active on Fem targets. More generally, these tools could also be used to study tRNA-dependent enzymes
Castéra-Guy, Joany. "Etude à l’échelle cellulaire et moléculaire de la synthèse de la mycosubtiline." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10015.
Full textThis thesis is about the study of an antifungal lipopeptide , the mycosubtilin produced by Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 as a co-production of isoforms which vary according to the length and the isomery of the fatty acids chain (mostly nC16, isoC16, nC17, isoC17 and anteisoC17). The nature of fatty acid chain influences the biological activity of the lipopeptide. The relationship between the mycosubtilin isoforms synthesis and the fatty acids synthesis was studied by the variation of growth parameters like osmolarity, temperature and nitrogen source. The important role of fatty acids precursors for the lipopeptides synthesis was confirmed by the influence of fatty acids pattern variations on the mycosubtilines pattern. The effects of genetic modification of two genes involved in synthesis of fatty acids precursors were also characterized. The overexpression of ilA coding for threonine deshydratase, involved in isoleucine synthesis increase the mycosubtilin anteisoC17 production while the knock-out of the pleitropic regulator gene codY improves the isoC16 mycosubtilin synthesis. Moreover, a mycosubtilin constitutive monoproductive strain, obtained by genetic optimization of ATCC 6633 strain was also characterized. Then, a preliminary purification approach of synthetases implied in mycosubtilin synthesis was realized. Those studies contribute to a better understanding of parameters influencing in vivo synthesis as well as the improvement of mycosubtilin production and the definition of optimal conditions to obtain the most active isoforms
Caboche, Ségolène. "Mise en place d’une plate-forme logicielle pour l’analyse des peptides non-ribosomiaux." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10045/document.
Full textNonribosomal peptides are molecules produced by microorganisms and displaying a broad spectrum of biological activities and pharmaceutical applications. They can harbor anti-microbial, immunomodulating or anti-tumor activities. These peptides are synthesized by huge multi-enzymatic complexes, called NonRibosomal Peptide Synthetases. Two main structural traits distinguish these peptides from the ribosomally synthesized ones : first, their primary structure is not always linear but is often cyclic (partially or totally), branched or poly-cyclic, and second, the diversity of monomers incorporated into nonribosomal peptides extends far beyond the 20 proteogenic amino acids residues. We have developed Norine, the first public resource entirely dedicated to nonribosomal peptides. Norine currently contains more than 1 000 peptides, modeled by non-oriented labeled graphs, and computational tools allowing their analysis, such as monomer composition comparison, structural pattern matching or similarity search. Statistical analysis of Norine data highlighted interesting biological properties such as a specific monomer composition depending on the biological activity, that led us to develop a tool for helping the prediction of peptide activity from its monomeric composition. In three years, Norine became the international resource for nonribosomal peptides
Pham, Van Hau. "Novel inhibitors of the tRNA-dependent amidotransferase of "Helicobacter pylori" : Peptides generated by phage display and dipeptide-like compounds." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27079.
Full textThis thesis describes the discovery of inhibitors of a tRNA-dependent amidotransferase (AdT) and summarizes the present state of our knowledge about the two-step biosynthesis of Gln-tRNAGln and Asn-tRNAAsn in Helicobacter pylori. In eukaryotic cytoplasm, twenty amino acids (aa) are generally attached to their cognate tRNAs by twenty corresponding aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs). These enzymes have a high specificity, and their function is important to the proper decoding of mRNA. However, in a number of bacteria including H. pylori, GlnRS and/or AsnRS are absent. To synthesize Gln-tRNAGln, H. pylori first uses a noncanonical GluRS2 which is specific for tRNAGln to form Glu-tRNAGln; then the trimeric AdT (GatCAB) transforms Glu-tRNAGln into Gln-tRNAGln which is proper for protein biosynthesis. In a similar manner, the biosynthesis of Asn-tRNAAsn also takes place in H. pylori by using the same GatCAB and a canonical nondiscriminating AspRS. The widespread use of these indirect pathways among prominent human pathogens, and their absence in the mammalian cytoplasm, identify AdT as a promising target for the development of new and highly specific antimicrobial agents. By using phage display, we discovered several cyclic peptides rich in tryptophan and proline that inhibit H. pylori GatCAB. Peptides P10 (CMPVWKPDC) and P9 (CSAHNWPNC) are competitive inhibitors of GatCAB with respect to its substrate Glu-tRNAGln. The inhibition constants (Ki) of P10 and P9 are 126 and 392 μM, respectively. Their docking models revealed that they bind to the transamidation active site of GatB via π-π stacking interactions with Tyr81, as does the 3’-terminal A76 of tRNA. We also discovered two small dipeptide-like sulfone-containing inhibitors of H. pylori GatCAB by mimicking the intermediate of its transamidation reaction. Although they are much smaller than the cyclic peptides mentioned above, they are competitive inhibitors of GatCAB with respect to GlutRNAGln, with Ki values of 139 μM for compound 7 and 214 μM for compound 4. These inhibitors could be useful not only to study the reaction mechanisms of GatCAB, but also could be lead compounds for the development of a new class of antibiotics to treat infections caused by H. pylori.
Tissot, Ghislaine. "Biotinylation des protéines à biotine : caractérisation de l'holocarboxylase synthétase des végétaux supérieurs." Grenoble 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10304.
Full textLeclerc, Grégory. "Nouveaux peptides antibiotiques de champignons trichoderma biosynthèses dirigées isolement, purification et caractérisation de la peptaibol-synthétase de T. Longibrachiatum." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066275.
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