To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Perceived cultural difference.
Journal articles on the topic 'Perceived cultural difference'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Perceived cultural difference.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Talha, Muhammad Ali, Xuehong Qi, and Muhammad Rizwan. "Cultural Impact of Perceived Parental Expectations on Students’ Academic Stress." ANNALS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND PERSPECTIVE 1, no. 2 (2020): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/assap.v1i2.25.
Full textAbstract:
The current study was conducted to investigate the cultural impact of perceived parental expectation on students’ academic stress. Study was completed through correlational research design. Survey was conducted by using questionnaires as a method of data collection. Multistage-sampling technique was used to approach the respondents. As a sample of study 977 students were selected. There are two research instruments that were used; Perceived Parental Expectation Scale (Wang, & Heppner, 2002) and Questionnaire of Academic Stress in Secondary Education (Garcia-Ros, Perez-Gonzalez, & Tomas, 2018). Following statistical tests were used to analyze the data; Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, Linear regression, t-test for independent samples design, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results revealed that a positive relationship between parental expectation and academic stress, standard regression model show significant impact of parental expectations on academic stress and difference of perceived parental expectations and academic stress with respect to the gender of the students’ differences was reported in result favoring male students for higher expectations and stress. Students those parents were unemployed reported to perceive higher level of parental expectations and academic stress. Significant differences due to geographical location of zones (upper Punjab, central Punjab and southern Punjab) relative to parental expectations and academic stress was also reported. Significant results were reported according to different groups of parental education. In the domain of SES, there are differences in parental expectations and academic stress among students at secondary level.
2
Hanafi, Sari. "Cultural Difference or Cultural Hegemony? Contextualizing the Danish Cartoon Controversy within Migration Spaces." Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication 2, no. 1 (2009): 136–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187398609x430651.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis article will argue that the growing polarization between what is perceived as Western society and Muslim 'communities' can neither be analyzed as a clash between identities nor as a reflection of cultural differences. This polarization operates in a context of cultural hegemony, a sort of cultural logic of late capitalism, through which power and global capital are allied and where the migrants are either invisible or hyper-visible. I will take the example of the Danish cartoon episode as a controversy that reflects the cultural hegemony and power structure deployed against undesirable groups such as migrants living in Europe. Yet, to recall Antonio Gramsci, it is in this moment of crisis where migrants' agency will be in position to destabilize the hegemonic forces because migrants are not merely victims – they hold a responsibility toward their situation. After contextualizing this controversy within the migration space, I will argue that the controversy does not concern censorship and freedom of expression. It is a question of how one can define universalism. This has implications for how multiculturalism is perceived; this article argues that issues of multiculturalism and geopolitics cannot be detached from one another.
3
Coakley, John. "Gender and the Authority of Friars: The Significance of Holy Women for Thirteenth-Century Franciscans and Dominicans." Church History 60, no. 4 (1991): 445–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3169027.
Full textAbstract:
As some recent historians have argued, the phenomenon of “gender,” that is, the way in which a society or group perceives and articulates difference between the sexes, can provide that society or group with fundamental terms in which to understand itself and explain or justify its actions. Consequently, historical evidence of the way groups or societies have perceived and articulated sexual difference—have constructed gender—may therefore take us beyond matters of sexuality per se to wider revelations about the perceivers' sense of themselves1.
4
Tsuruta-Hamamura, Mariko, Kumi Nakada, Ryoga Kikuchi, and Naoki Watanabe. "Differences in perceived loudness between men and women: A cross-cultural comparison among Japanese, Chinese, and Malaysians." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 3 (2021): 3876–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2547.
Full textAbstract:
Previously, we investigated gender difference in loudness perception among Japanese and Chinese. Among Chinese, female participants tended to assigned higher loudness scores than did males for the same sound. That difference was also evident when a ratio scale, such as magnitude estimation, was used to evaluate loudness. However, among Japanese, that difference was not clearly observed when the ratio scale was applied. To examine factors affecting gender differences in loudness perception, we conducted the same rating experiments among Malaysian males and females. We found that a rating experiment using the verbal interval scale showed that the female Malaysian participants tended to rate the same sounds as louder than did males. In one test, we measured the limit of sound pressure level that would be perceived as soft or as loud: we observed the above gender differences with the lowest limit of loud sound. However, that gender difference did not emerge in the rating experiments using the ratio scale. The tendency we recorded among Malaysians was the same as Japanese. Thus, differences in judging loudness between males and females may actually reflect differences in the use of verbal expressions rather than differences in perception.
5
Park, Hyun Hee, and Jung Ok Jeon. "The impact of mixed eWOM sequence on brand attitude change: cross-cultural differences." International Marketing Review 35, no. 3 (2018): 390–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-06-2016-0118.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Despite the importance of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) in e-commerce transactions on the global market, there is still limited understanding about the effect of eWOM sequence and its psychological mechanism in cross-cultural settings. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the differences in brand attitude changes according to the eWOM sequence, as well as cross-culturally, based on thinking styles. Furthermore, the authors examine the moderated mediation effect of perceived cognition congruency across cultures to explain its underlying mechanism. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a 2 (eWOM sequence: positive/negative, negative/positive) × 2(culture: East (South Korea), West (USA)) factorial design. Perceived cognition congruency is measured as a within-group variable. Findings First, brand attitude changes in the West (USA) for the negative/positive presentation order are significantly larger than for the positive/negative presentation order, while, in the East (South Korea), no significant differences exist. Second, in the Westerner group (analytical thinking style), the perceived cognition congruency shows a significant difference according to the eWOM sequence, whereas in the Easterner group (holistic thinking style), the perceived cognition congruency does not show a significant difference according to the eWOM sequence. Practical implications As such, a strategic interpretation of the mixed eWOM presentation order across cultures is needed. In the West, interest and attention are necessary for the eWOM sequence. However, in the East, a different strategic approach, except for the presentation order of mixed eWOM, is required. The other elements of the mixed eWOM, such as attribute type or intensity of negative information, need to be considered for mixed eWOM management. Originality/value This study expands the existing body of knowledge on the sequence effect of mixed eWOM. Furthermore, it provides strategic direction and practical implications for mixed eWOM-driven information management, focusing on sequence in cross-cultural settings.
6
Wilde, Annett, and Amanda B. Diekman. "Cross-Cultural Similarities and Differences in Dynamic Stereotypes: A Comparison Between Germany and the United States." Psychology of Women Quarterly 29, no. 2 (2005): 188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2005.00181.x.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined cross-cultural similarities and differences in beliefs about men and women of the past, present, and future. These dynamic stereotypes, or beliefs that a group's present characteristics differ from its past or future characteristics, correspond to the actual role change experienced by the group ( Diekman & Eagly, 2000 ). Participants in Germany and the United States perceived that women were increasing in their masculine characteristics from the past to the future, whereas they perceived comparatively more stability in men's characteristics. The largest cross-cultural difference stemmed from beliefs about 1950s women, who were perceived as possessing greater positive masculine personality, negative feminine personality, and less feminine physical traits in Germany than in the United States. This greater nontraditionalism of postwar German women reflects their assumption of stereotypically male-dominated roles immediately after World War II. Consistent with social role theory, perceived role nontraditionalism mediated the relationship between time period and levels of gender-stereotypic characteristics.
7
Leu, Grace R., Anne R. Links, David E. Tunkel, et al. "Understanding Bias in Surgery: Perceived Cultural Similarity Between Surgeons and Patient Families." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 165, no. 2 (2021): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599820982639.
Full textAbstract:
Objective We describe surgeon and parent perceptions of similarity toward each other and evaluate differences in the perceptions of similarity by race. Study Design Observational cohort analysis. Setting Three outpatient sites. Methods Following consultations for children undergoing evaluation for 1 of 3 surgical procedures (tonsillectomy, hernia repair, circumcision), surgeons and parents rated their perception of cultural similarity toward each other on a 6-point Likert scale. Surgeon evaluation of 9 parent characteristics was measured with 7-point Likert scales. Regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of greater surgeon-perceived similarity and to assess associations of perceived similarity with evaluation of parent characteristics. Results Most parents were women (n = 38, 84%), whereas surgeons were primarily men (n = 7, 54%). Of 45 parents, 23 (51%) were non-White, whereas only 4 of 13 clinicians (31%) were non-White. Mean perceived similarity score was 21.7 for parents (range, 10-24) and 18.2 for surgeons (range, 10-24). There was no difference in parent-perceived similarity based on race (White vs non-White parents, mean [SD] = 22.3 [3.4] vs 21.1 [3.0]; P = .26). Surgeons perceived greater similarity with White parents (odds ratio = 4.78; 95% CI, 1.02-22.54; P = .04) and parents with higher income (odds ratio = 11.84; 95% CI, 1.32-106.04; P = .03). Greater perceived similarity by the surgeons was associated with more positive assessments of parent personality characteristics. Conclusion Surgeons perceived similarity more commonly with White parents, while parents’ perception of similarity to surgeons was uniform regardless of parent race. Elucidating biases of surgeons may help to tailor interventions promoting culturally competent, equitable communication and decision making for elective surgery.
8
Woo, Hongjoo, Seeun Kim, and Michelle Lynn Childs. "Is this for our sake or their sake? Cross-cultural effects of message focus in cause-related marketing." International Marketing Review 37, no. 4 (2019): 671–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-12-2018-0349.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how cause-related marketing (CRM) messages with a global focus and a national focus influence perceived brand authenticity and participation intentions among consumers across two countries, USA and South Korea, based on the social identity perspective. In addition, the study examines how perceived altruism of the brand mediates these relationships. Design/methodology/approach Hypotheses were tested by 2×2 between-subject quasi-experiment among about 260 US and Korean consumers. Data were analyzed using multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVA) and a moderated mediation analysis. Findings Results indicated that, overall, US consumers perceive higher brand authenticity and participation intentions toward CRM in than Korean consumers. Korean consumers perceived higher brand authenticity and participation intentions from a CRM message with a national focus, while US consumers did not have a significant preference between message focuses. According to the result of moderated mediation analysis, consumers’ perceived altruism toward the brand mediated the effects of interaction between message focus and consumer nationality. Originality/value This study provides a unique perspective about what specific kind of CRM message could be more effective for consumers in different cultures, and proposes a theoretical explanation of why such difference is observed based on consumers’ social identities and in-group favoritism.
9
Chai, Sangmi. "Does Cultural Difference Matter on Social Media? An Examination of the Ethical Culture and Information Privacy Concerns." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (2020): 8286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198286.
Full textAbstract:
While social media has become a very popular tool for sharing information and news worldwide, the ethical culture of the users emerged as a significant issue in cyber space. This research investigates the role of perceived ethical culture and information privacy concerns on social media behaviors. More importantly, this study investigates the role of cultural difference in the relationship among those factors. Based on the study results of U.S. and Korean social media users, this study found ethical culture to be positively associated and information privacy concerns negatively associated with users’ information-sharing behavior on social media. In addition, the study results indicated that the size of the impact of the two facts are varied between the two countries. This study’s results direct that users’ perceived ethical culture and privacy concerns are important factors affecting social media users’ information sharing. However, these factors could have a different impact with cultural differences.
10
Lee, Eun Gyoung. "The Difference between Adolescents’ Perceived Psychological Control and Warmth according to Their Gender and Cultural Orientation." Korean Journal of family welfare 22, no. 1 (2017): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.13049/kfwa.2017.22.1.2.
Full text
11
van Osch, Yvette M. J., and Seger M. Breugelmans. "Perceived Intergroup Difference as an Organizing Principle of Intercultural Attitudes and Acculturation Attitudes." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 43, no. 5 (2011): 801–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022111407688.
Full text
12
Wang, Dong, Alastair Iain Johnston, and Baoyu Wang. "The Effect of Imagined Social Contact on Chinese Students’ Perceptions of Japanese People." Journal of Conflict Resolution 65, no. 1 (2020): 223–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002720942824.
Full textAbstract:
Social identity theory (SIT) suggests that perceived identity difference between groups predicts to intergroup conflict, including interstate conflict. Contact theory suggests that social contact between groups can help reduce intergroup conflict. Contact theory, however, has not traditionally focused on perceived identity difference, and it has not been tested much on real-world interstate conflicts. Employing an experimental design, our study tests for the effects of imagined social contact on Chinese students’ generally malign perceptions of identity difference with Japanese people. We find that imagined contact reduces key perceptions of difference by reducing both perceived Japanese malignity and perceived Chinese benignity. This suggests that social contact helps produce new hybrid in-group. By employing SIT, our findings provide a new microfoundation for contact theory, suggest an important process in the creation of security communities, and provide a proof of concept for public policies aimed at large-scale cultural exchanges.
13
Uslu, Abdullah, Gürkan Alagöz, and Erkan Güneş. "Socio-cultural, Economic, and Environmental Effects of Tourism from the Point of View of the Local Community." Journal of Tourism and Services 11, no. 21 (2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29036/jots.v11i21.147.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this research is to determine the socio-cultural, economic, and environmental effects of tourism perceived by the local community living in Manavgat/Turkey on the satisfaction with the tourism development, to identify the effect of this satisfaction with tourism development, and to ascertain the moderator role of the demographic variables in this relationship. The population of the research is the local community living in Manavgat/Turkey. EFA, CFA, path analyzes, and Slope difference tests have been performed through 384 surveys collected from the local community. As a result, it has been determined that perceived socio-cultural, economic, and environmental positive effects of tourism and negative environmental effects have an impact on satisfaction with tourism development. Meanwhile, it has been determined that the local community's satisfaction with tourism development affects the attitude and gender has a moderator role on this effect. In line with these results, public institutions, tourism professionals, and non-governmental organizations in Manavgat will be able to better perceive the local community's attitudes and behaviors.
14
Bukowski, William M., Melisa Castellanos, Melissa Commisso, Ryan Persram, and Luz Stella Lopez. "Contextual variations in children’s perceptions of their peers as gender typical." International Journal of Behavioral Development 43, no. 4 (2019): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025419846427.
Full textAbstract:
Cultural and socioeconomic differences in children’s perceptions of their peers as being typical members of the cis gender group were examined in a cross-sectional sample of 351 girls ( N = 164) and boys from 19 fifth- and sixth-grade classrooms (M age = 11.5) in three primary schools in Montréal ( N = 156) and two schools in Barranquilla. Multilevel modeling indicated that: (a) the overall level of perceived typicality was low; (b) boys perceived other boys to be more typical than girls, whereas girls perceived girls and boys to have the same level of typicality; (c) in Barranquilla perceptions of gender typicality were higher among upper-middle-class children than among lower-middle-class children, whereas no difference was observed with the children from Montréal.
15
Michno, Jeff. "Greeting and leave-taking in Texas." Spanish in Context 14, no. 1 (2017): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sic.14.1.01mic.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The present study reveals how 16 Mexican-Americans residing in Texas perceive and follow politeness norms (e.g. Brown and Levinson 1987; Locher and Watts 2005; Scollon and Scollon 2001) related to greetings and leave-takings in different cultural and linguistic contexts. Data from online questionnaires identify a significant difference in perceived level of social expectation (i.e. politeness) for employing the speech acts with Spanish- versus non-Spanish speakers. The data support previous research in identifying a sense of solidarity among Mexican-American extended families, but also suggest that this bond extends to other Spanish-speaking acquaintances. Better understanding of these norms should facilitate inter-cultural exchanges between linguistic in- and out-group members.
16
Wong, IpKin Anthony, and Mingming Cheng. "Exploring the Effects of Heritage Site Image on Souvenir Shopping Attitudes: The Moderating Role of Perceived Cultural Difference." Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 31, no. 4 (2014): 476–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2014.883351.
Full text
17
Forwell, Susan J., Gail Whiteford, and Isabel Dyck. "Cultural Competence in New Zealand and Canada: Occupational Therapy Students' Reflections on Class and Fieldwork Curriculum." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 68, no. 2 (2001): 90–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000841740106800205.
Full textAbstract:
The first year of a twin study undertaken between two occupational therapy programs in Canada and New Zealand is described. The primary aims of the study were to illuminate the lived experiences of students as they learn about cultural difference and had contact with clients of differing cultural backgrounds to themselves during fieldwork placements. While there are similarities between educational programs and the demographic profiles of the two cohorts of students, there are curricular differences primarily based on the described socio-political content of the two countries; Aotearoa/New Zealand as a bicultural society and Canada as multicultural. The paper discusses how these cultural differences interweave with other aspects of the students' educational program, as perceived and experienced by the students. Narrative data was thematically analyzed to reflect the experiences and the attendant thoughts and feelings of the participants.
18
Sim, Soo In. "Themes of perceived challenge in online shopping and their difference between Korean and American consumers: A cross-cultural study." KOREA SCIENCE & ART FORUM 23 (March 31, 2016): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.17548/ksaf.2016.03.23.203.
Full text
19
C. Garvey, Emer, Thorsten Sander, Tom F. O’Callaghan, et al. "A Cross-Cultural Evaluation of Liking and Perception of Salted Butter Produced from Different Feed Systems." Foods 9, no. 12 (2020): 1767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9121767.
Full textAbstract:
Perception and liking among Irish, German and USA consumers of salted butter produced from different feed systems—outdoor grass (FS-GRSS), grass/clover (FS-CLVR), and indoor concentrate (FS-TMR)—was investigated. A consumer study was conducted in all three countries. Irish and German assessors participated in ranking descriptive analysis (RDA), whereas descriptive analysis (DA) was carried out by a trained panel in the USA. Volatile analysis was conducted to identify differences in aroma compounds related to cow diet. Overall, there was no significant difference in overall liking of the butters, among USA, German and Irish consumers, although cross-cultural preferences were evident. Sensory attribute differences based on cow diet were evident across the three countries, as identified by German and Irish assessors and trained USA panelists, which are likely influenced by familiarity. The abundance of specific volatile aromatic compounds, especially some aldehydes and ketones, were significantly impacted by the feed system and may also contribute to some of the perceived sensory attribute differences in these butters.
20
Moufakkir, Omar, and Mohamad N. Alnajem. "Hostel front desk employees’ perception of customers: a comparative analysis based on cultural background." International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 11, no. 3 (2017): 355–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-07-2016-0068.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Despite their popularity among tourists, information about low-cost accommodation is limited. The study aims to focus on hostels as tourist accommodation. The purpose of this paper is to document the perceptions of hostel front-desk employees about customers and examine employees’ perceptions from a cultural perspective. As culture moderates behavior in general, in light of the cultural difference postulate which proposes that guests and hosts who are from similar or proximate cultures are more likely to experience positive service encounter and that encounter between guests and hosts from distant cultures may be more challenging to service providers, the study compares the perceptions of hostel Western front-desk employees with those of Eastern front-desk employees of their customers. Customers are categorized into four groups – Western customers, Eastern, Middle Eastern/Arab and African. Exploratory interviews paved the development of perception items, which were later on used in a questionnaire to serve the study’s purpose. The paper has managerial and theoretical implications and offers suggestions for further research to advance understanding about this neglected tourism environment. Design/methodology/approach Preliminary/exploratory short interviews with hostel employees in London paved the development of perception items, which were later on used in a questionnaire. There are about 190 hostels in the London area. The questionnaire was self-administered and successfully completed by 113 front-desk employees working in London hostels. t-test statistics was used to examine whether the two groups of employees hold different perceptions about their culturally different group of customers. Findings Results indicate that, generally, differences in perception exist among hostel employees about their customer groups. For example, Western customers are perceived as nicer and more tip-givers than Eastern customers, but they also complain more and are more demanding than their counterparts. Asian customers are perceived to be friendlier, least troublesome and least demanding than the other customer groups. African customers are the least positively perceived. As for Middle Eastern (Arab) customers, they are perceived rather somewhat positively and yet the least favorite. Furthermore, no statistical differences were observed between Western employees and Eastern employees’ perceptions about their customer groups, except that the latter perceives Asian customers to be more troublesome and more complaining. Research limitations/implications Although researchers have compared Western people’s behaviors and attitudes with those of Eastern people, differences may also exist within cultural groups, especially between East Europeans and West Europeans, between Middle Eastern and North Africans or between Americans and Canadians, despite cultural proximity. Therefore, it is always reasonable to interpret cultural differences studies cautiously. Practical implications Hostel management is advised not to take cultural proximity/distance between employees and customers for granted and, thus, should not assume that Eastern employees are more likely to provide better service to Eastern customers than Western employees or that Western employees are more likely to do so to Western customers because they are culturally similar or proximate. In an increasingly globalized world and mobile and culturally diverse workforce in the hospitality sector, it becomes necessary to raise employees’ awareness about cultural differences and their probable effects on perceptions. This is especially true for hostels because of their social characteristic. Originality/value Despite the importance of hostels to the tourism and hospitality industry, not much is known about their customers or their employees. In addition to contributing to employee perception in general, which is also a neglected area of study, this paper used cultural distance/proximity to assess differences in perception between Eastern employees and Western employees about four culturally different groups of hostel customers. In light of the impacts of globalization on consumer behavior, this paper joins other research to challenge the cultural distance postulate in the service encounter context.
21
Cambon, Laurent, and Vincent Y. Yzerbyt. "Compensation is for real: Evidence from existing groups in the context of actual relations." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 20, no. 6 (2016): 745–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430215625782.
Full textAbstract:
Compensation refers to the fact that a group perceived as higher than another on one of the fundamental dimensions of social judgment (competence and warmth) is also perceived as lower than the other group on the other dimension. Relying on a full-crossed design, the present work tested compensation in a real-life situation using existing groups involved in an ongoing relation. As predicted, compensation emerged when (a) the difference between the groups, and thus the perceived legitimacy of the status difference, was large as opposed to small, and (b) the relation between the groups was asymmetrical. In contrast, the smaller the difference (the lesser the legitimacy), the more ingroup bias emerged.
22
Lu, Yan, Jie Yang, Kaida Xiao, Michael Pointer, Changjun Li, and Sophie Wuerger. "Investigation of effect of skin tone to facial attractiveness." Color and Imaging Conference 2020, no. 28 (2020): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2169-2629.2020.28.5.
Full textAbstract:
Previous research has shown the perceptual importance of skin tone appearance and how it contributes to perceived facial attractiveness, yet facial-colour perceptions may vary with different ethnic groups. This research was designed to explore the cross-cultural effects of the facial skin tone on perceived attractiveness between Caucasian (CA) and Chinese (CH) observers. 80 images of real human faces were used for facial attractiveness assessment by the two groups of observers using the categorical judgment method. The results showed overall similar preference but fine-scale differences in the perception of their own-ethnic facial images and other-ethnic facial images. Both groups of observers tended to use different criteria when judging the facial tone of different ethnic groups. Our findings show the aesthetic difference of different cultures in perceptions and underline the important role of ethnic differences with respect to skin tone preference.
23
Mena, Jasmine A., T. Elizabeth Durden, Sarah E. Bresette, and Taylor McCready. "Black and White Self-Identified Latinx Respondents and Perceived Psychological Distress and Impairment." Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 41, no. 4 (2019): 504–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739986319883827.
Full textAbstract:
The influence of racial differences on perceived psychological distress and impairment was examined with a nationally representative sample of Black and White Latinxs. The study sample was selected from multiple years of the National Health Interview Survey and included 30,519 self-identified Black and White Latinxs between the ages of 26 and 64 years. Results indicated that Black Latinxs reported higher levels of psychological distress—a statistically significant difference—compared to White Latinxs after accounting for demographic (age, gender, marital status, and nativity) and socioeconomic status (level of education and health insurance) indicators. Results also indicated that Black and White Latinxs did not differ on impairment associated with perceived psychological distress. The practice of aggregating Black and White Latinxs obscures the racialized experiences reported by Black Latinxs and associated higher levels of psychological distress. Implications and future directions are discussed.
24
Amr, M., A. H. El-Gilany, and M. El-Wasify. "Stress in first-year Egyptian and Saudi female medical students: a cross cultural comparison." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (2011): 1583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73287-4.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionCollege students, especially freshmen, are particularly prone to stress due to the transitional nature of college life. However most of studies in this context were conducted in Western Europe and North America with only few recent studies conducted in the Arab world. This study sought to determine whether there was a difference in perceived stress levels of female medical students at Mansoura University, Egypt, and King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.MethodsThe sample consisted of first year female medical students. The self-reported questionnaire covered four categories, including 13 items, of sources of stress (stressors).Perceived stress scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used to measure stress, anxiety and depression.ResultsThere is no significant difference between the two groups regarding number of stressors. However, Saudi students were more likely to cite emotional problems, excessive workload and fear of future. The most common items in Egyptian students were financial and environmental problems. Prevalence of stress and clinical anxiety was higher in the Saudi sample. Logistic regression analyses of independent predictors of high level of stress among both groups combined were Saudi nationality, larger family size, clinical depression and clinical anxiety.ConclusionsPerceived stress and anxiety are frequent among Saudi students. This information could be useful in designing preventive mental health programs that should be an integral part of the routine clinical facilities caring for medical students to help them to cope with the increasing demands of medical education.
25
Nikolskaya, Tatiana, and Svetlana Pavlina. "Ethno-Cultural Influences on Multimodal Text Perception." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 1 (April 2019): 132–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2019.1.11.
Full textAbstract:
The article investigates inter-cultural artistic communication which occurs through multimodal texts in general and feature films in particular. Artistic communication faces a challenge when its source and target belong to different ethnic and/or generational cohorts. The similarity or difference of communication codes depends on the level of adequacy of the sender's and the recipient's discursive competences. Discursive competences imply the ability to provide an adequate interpretation of situations depicted in the film, it is based on the knowledge and understanding of cultural, social and historical peculiarities of the society to which the creator belongs and which he or she depicts in the film. If the recipients ignore one of the semiotic systems incorporated in the multimodal text, the complete comprehension of the artistic text message can become unattainable. The authors conduct comparative analysis of how the Russian film "Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears" is perceived by Russian and American college 'Gen Z' students. In case the culture codes of the work of art contradict some rules and codes ingrained in the society to which the recipient belongs, the interpretation of the author's message can be hindered, which entails the artistic communication disruption. The analysis yields factors that determine the interpretation of an artistic message. The authors find that the differences in ethno-cultural backgrounds present a greater obstacle to the creator's artistic message successful decoding than a generation gap between the creator and the recipients.
26
Xu, Yaoying, Chenfang Hao, and Mary Ellen Huennekens. "Effects of a multicultural perspectives course on teacher candidates’ intercultural competence." Journal for Multicultural Education 10, no. 1 (2016): 72–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jme-07-2015-0025.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the intercultural competence of pre-service special education teacher candidates through the contents of a graduate-level multicultural perspectives course. Design/methodology/approach This study used a graduate-level multicultural perspectives course to examine the intercultural competence of special education teacher candidates. A paired-samples t-test of significance was performed to investigate the pre- and post-growth of participants’s cultural sensitivity using the intercultural development inventory (IDI). Findings Participants’ intercultural sensitivity mean score suggested that their intercultural competence needs to be improved. The results showed no significant difference in the overall mean developmental scores between pre- and post-tests. However, significant differences were found between the pre- and post-test scores in perceived orientation and acceptance cluster. Originality/value A significantly higher perceived score was identified suggesting that participants might overestimate their level of intercultural sensitivity. Different from the existing literature, this study suggested that gender and education level were significant predictors of post-test developmental scores.
27
Dubrovsky, Vitaly, Siva Kolla, and Beheruz N. Sethna. "Cross-Cultural Comparison of Status Effects on Group Decision Making." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 33, no. 13 (1989): 846–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128903301317.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was a comparison of influence of formal status on group decision making for two cultures, the United States and India. Two identical experiments were conducted on American and Indian subjects. In both samples 36 male and female students, 12 graduate MBA and 24 freshmen or sophomores were randomly assigned to 12 groups of three in such a way that each group comprised of one graduate and two undergraduate members. Graduate students and undergraduates respectively represented high and low “specific” statuses, while male and female students respectively represented high and low “diffuse” statuses. Prior to group discussions, the participants introduced themselves to the group by stating, among other things, their academic status. Two standard “choice-dilemma” problems were discussed by each group with the order of the problems randomly counterbalanced. The experimental procedure followed the “risky shift” paradigm. Analysis of variance revealed that educational status had significant effects for both samples: graduate students “complied” and were persuaded less and were perceived as more competent-influential than undergraduates. However, there was a substantial difference between the Indian and the U.S. samples in the status effects of gender: gender had significant main status effects on “compliance”, persuasion, and perceived competence-influence only for the Indian sample. These findings are consistent with our understanding of relatively more status-conscious and male-dominated society in India than in USA.
28
Nikoopour, Jahanbakhsh, and Nadimeh Esfandiari. "The Relationship between Emotional, Social, Cultural, Spiritual Intelligence and EFL Teachers’ Teaching Effectiveness." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 8, no. 1 (2017): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0801.17.
Full textAbstract:
The present study attempted to investigate the relationship between EFL teachers’ emotional, social, cultural, spiritual intelligence and their teaching effectiveness in EFL contexts. Teaching effectiveness was investigated as perceived by EFL teachers, observers and learners based on a data-triangulated procedure. A total of 126 EFL teachers, 266 learners and 31 EFL observers selected randomly from various educational districts in Tehran participated in the study. The EFL teachers were required to answer self-report questionnaires of Teaching Effectiveness Scale (TES), Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue), Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS), Tromsø Social Intelligence Scale (TSIS) and Integrated Spiritual Intelligence Scale (ISIS) respectively. The EFL observers and learners were also required to answer Teaching Effectiveness Scale (TES) to reveal their perception of their teachers’ teaching effectiveness. The study revealed that among EFL teachers, there was a significant correlation between teaching effectiveness and TEQ, but the correlation between teaching effectiveness and the three other types of intelligence (SQ, CQ, & SPQ) was not significant. The three groups of participants (teachers, observers, and learners) showed a significant difference in their perception of effective teaching. In further analysis, gender made a significant difference in TEQ, but female and male EFL teachers did not show a significant difference in their CQ, SQ, SPQ and effective teaching. University degree caused a significant difference in SQ and TEQ, but not in TE, SPQ and CQ. However, teaching experience and age made a significant difference in all four variables under the study.
29
Piwowarski, Juliusz, and Krzysztof Jankowiak. "Selected Cultural and Historical Aspects of the Development of the Samurai Ethos with Several Comments on Martial Arts Typology." Security Dimensions 26, no. 26 (2018): 30–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7240.
Full textAbstract:
Modern budo master Fumon Tanaka demonstrates that the spirit of the old samurai Bushido code has survived to this day. Martial arts have become part of culture, and they are perceived with the reverence befitting science. He also reminds us that the beauty of being a warrior lies in the constant readiness to make the greatest of sacrifices. In common parlance, however, there is no difference between how martial arts are taught to students, how combat sports are taught to athletes and how police officers and soldiers are taught close quarters combat, as well as there being no difference in results between these types of training.
30
Jermsittiparsert, Kittisak, and Paranee Kasemsukphaisit. "Bangkok Men’s Attitudes towards Marital Rape." Review of European Studies 8, no. 1 (2016): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v8n1p185.
Full textAbstract:
<p class="Body">This research aims (i) to explore Bangkok men’s understandings of section 276 of the criminal code; (ii) to examine the attitudes on marital rape as perceived by men in Bangkok and to conduct a comparative study on the observed attitudes using various demographic assessment factors, namely, age, marital status, occupation, and income level; (iii) to investigate the correlations between the level of understandings of the relevant law and the attitudes of men living in Bangkok on marital rape by employing quantitative research method, with the use of questionaries that would collect data from 280 research subjects. The data analysis is carried out using frequency, mean, percentage, one-way analysis of variance, least significant difference (LSD), and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient analysis with significance level 0.5.</p><p class="Body">The research findings indicates that the subjects possess the least understandings of section 276 of the criminal code ( = .15) and contain average level of attitudes with respect to the issue of marital rape ( = 3.19). When examining with different assessment factors, it is found that the subjects bare an attitude of cognition at low level ( = 2.22), of feelings at average level ( = 3.36), and of action tendency at considerable level ( = 3.98). Results from the comparative analysis on different levels of attitudes over the issue of marital rape, using different demographic assessment factors, reveal that the difference in income generates different level of attitudes whereas the differences in age, marital status and occupation bare relatively similar level of attitudes. Lastly, no correlation is found when looking at the outcome of the correlation analysis between level of understandings and attitudes perceived.</p>
31
Green, Lelia. "(Not) Using the Remote Commercial Television Service to Dispel Distance in Rural and Remote Western Australia." Media International Australia 88, no. 1 (1998): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x9808800106.
Full textAbstract:
This paper addresses issues of ‘distance’ between remote and metropolitan audiences, and the use of communications technologies as tools to dispel such distance. Using the satellite-delivered RCTS broadcasting as a case study — given that this was part of the thrust to ‘dispel’ this distance — the research reported here interrogates notions of difference and inclusion as perceived, experienced and expressed by people resident in remote and regional Western Australia. The argument advanced is that new communications technologies do not dispel distance; rather, they act as catalysts through which distance is re-experienced and redefined. These distinctions are of continuing and growing importance in a climate within which Networking the Nation and digital TV again promise more equalisation of differences and services, and more dispelling of distance.
32
Shelley, Catherine. "Beating Children Is Wrong, Isn't It? Resolving Conflicts in the Encounter Between Religious Worldviews and Child Protection." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 15, no. 2 (2013): 130–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x13000355.
Full textAbstract:
Responding to the death of Victoria Climbié in 2003, the Laming Report stated that cultural differences should never again be a factor in inadequate child protection. Yet since that time there have been further deaths of children involving exorcism and allegations of witchcraft, based in part on particular understandings of Christianity. Situations resulting in forced marriage, cliterodectomy, ‘honour’ killing and corporal punishment are practices often perceived as arising from religious belief, both by those who defend them and by critics. This article explores practices perceived as grounded in religious belief or culture that conflict with current child protection practice and norms about what is harmful to children. The role of religious education, rights to manifest religious belief and different understandings of adoption are also considered as examples of religious difference in understandings about children. Engagement with religious difference through a defence of children's rights and autonomy are proposed as one means to resolve conflicts between religious worldviews and what it means to protect children. The aim is to identify and foster reflection and debate about different understandings of what constitutes harm, in order to enhance consensus over child protection where views of what is harmful differ radically.1
33
Akpunne, Bede, Ebenezer O Akinnawo, and Olufunmilayo A Olajide. "Perceived Parenting Styles and Psycho-social Wellbeing of Nigerian Adolescents." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 8, no. 02 (2020): 628–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v8i02.sh02.
Full textAbstract:
The influence of parenting styles on the psychosocial wellbeing of Nigerian adolescents is yet of be given adequate research attention. This study bridges the gap in knowledge. Findings may be useful in planning appropriate interventions program necessary to improve the psychosocial wellbeing of adolescents in Osun state, southwestern Nigeria and relation with similar social-cultural backgrounds. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 332 (mean age = 14) in-school adolescents who responded to Mental Health Continuum – Short Form (MHS-SF) and Parenting Style Instrument (PSI). Descriptive and inferential statistics (Regression, Independent sample t-test and One Way ANOVA) were used for data analysis. A low level of psychosocial wellbeing was observed among the adolescents. Prevalence of very low levels of emotional wellbeing (16.9%), social wellbeing (22%), and psychological wellbeing (19.3%) were reported. Patterns of observed parenting styles are authoritative parenting style (45.5%, 41.6%, and 12.9%), authoritarian parenting style (53%, 30.7% and 16.3%); permissive parenting style (64.2%, 20.7% and 15.1%) for low, high and very high levels respectively. No significant gender difference was observed in the psychosocial wellbeing scores of the adolescents; a significant religious affiliation difference was found in the social wellbeing of the participants. Adolescents from public schools manifested higher levels of social wellbeing than their counterparts from private schools. Parenting styles significantly predict level of psychosocial wellbeing of the adolescents. Neither family type nor family size had significant influence on the level of psycho-social wellbeing of the adolescents.
34
Mansouri, Fethi, and Amelia Johns. "Social networks and perceptions of intergenerational difference among migrant youth in Australia." Journal of Sociology 53, no. 1 (2016): 127–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783316636244.
Full textAbstract:
‘Intergenerational difference’ has become a lens through which to view issues of identity, social connectedness, belonging and agency in migrant youth research, highlighting that differences in the aspirations of migrant youth and their parents shape young people’s experiences. The article will present findings from a mixed methods study of social network participation among three migrant youth cohorts in two Australian cities to address a perceived ‘gap’ among migrant youth and parents’ aspirations for social network formation and participation. The paper will first examine current theoretical approaches to intergenerational challenges in migrant youth research. It will then introduce ‘intersectionality’ as a concept offering a more nuanced understanding of the challenges and hopes of migrant youth for whom social networks can be a gateway towards belonging and connectedness. This, however, requires a negotiation of complex structural, social and cultural factors.
35
Cho, Hyunyi, and Miejeong Han. "Perceived effect of the mass media on self vs. other." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 14, no. 2 (2004): 299–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.14.2.06cho.
Full textAbstract:
This study represents the first cross-cultural investigation of the third person effect hypothesis, which states that individuals overestimate mass media effect on others (Davidson, 1983). It is predicted that the difference between perceived effects of the media on self vs. other will be greater in an individualistic than collectivistic culture, because in the latter self and other are not as separate and the motivation for self-enhancement is not as salient as in the former. Survey data were collected from 671 South Korean (n=351) and U.S. (n=320) college students regarding their perceptions about the effects of beer commercials, liquor advertisements, television news about AIDS, and television news about the effects of smoking. The third person effect of undesirable media content emerged from both American and Korean samples, but the size was consistently greater among Americans compared to Koreans. Likewise, the first person effect was greater among Americans rather than Koreans.
36
Song, Kirsten Younghee, and Victoria Velding. "Transnational Masculinity in the Eyes of Local Beholders? Young Americans’ Perception of K-Pop Masculinities." Journal of Men’s Studies 28, no. 1 (2019): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1060826519838869.
Full textAbstract:
The advancement in communication technology has created myriad online media sources through which people from different cultural backgrounds meet more frequently and easily than ever before. In this highly interconnected world, intercultural sensitivity has been the utmost important quality for global citizenship. Empirical literature on how gender norms operate across countries in the realm of a global circulation of media contents is limited. This study examines how young American individuals perceived masculinity embodied through Korean pop male band members’ bodies. Survey data suggest that U.S. cultural norms played a significant role in research participants’ ( N = 772) perception of Korean band members’ masculinity. Respondents perceived them neither highly masculine nor feminine. Such ambiguous gender images are similar to the stereotypes of Asian American males in the United States. Moreover, respondents’ perception of and evaluation of band members’ masculinity largely conform to what the concept of hegemonic masculinity suggests as ideal. Findings imply that participants construct the difference between Korean pop band members’ masculinity and the Western hegemonic masculinity ideal, and subsequently reproduce cultural distance.
37
Coleman, Michael C. "Representations of American Indians and the Irish in educational reports, 1850s–1920s." Irish Historical Studies 33, no. 129 (2002): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400015492.
Full textAbstract:
Modern colonialism, writes Gyan Prakash, ‘instituted enduring hierarchies of subjects and knowledges — the colonizer and the colonized, the Occidental and the Oriental, the civilized and the primitive, the scientific and the superstitious, the developed and the underdeveloped’. Such dichotomies ‘reduced complex differences and interactions to the binary (self/other) logic of colonial power’, and colonial rulers ‘constituted the “native” as their inverse image’. Such perceptions of difference as ‘other’ expressed what ‘civilized’ Westerners believed themselves not to be — but also what they feared they might become, should they lose rational self-control. The ‘other’, writes Eva Kornfelt, ‘threatens the integrity of the self by offering alternative, unrealized, and suppressed possibilities’. As shown by Western fascination with the ‘noble savage’, this process could sometimes produce positive representations. Yet even these expressed the needs of the perceiver rather than the reality of the perceived. ‘Othering’, then, is a complex process, one implying deep cultural and individual needs, which may occasionally result in accurate representations, but more often produces self-justifying positive/negative dichotomies.
38
Jabeen, Misbah, Yuan Qinjian, Muhammad Imran, Munazza Jabeen, and Muhammad Rafiq. "Contextual variables explaining the influence of social networking sites for information communication among library users: Cross-cultural study between China and Pakistan using Structure Equation Modeling." Journal of Librarianship and Information Science 52, no. 2 (2019): 562–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961000619836721.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the study is to identify the core mechanism of how social networking sites use happens in the perspective of contextual factors and then examine the cultural difference in the motives for using social networking sites between China and Pakistan university students. An instrument was designed to calculate the various aspect factors and social networking use intention by using the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the information success model (ISSM). A survey was administered among university students of China and Pakistan. The purposed model was empirically tested by PLS-SEM to examine the influential factors on the use of social networking sites. To the best of our knowledge, there is no cross-cultural published study associated with contextual factors effecting use of social networking sites between China and Pakistan. Our findings show that there are indeed important learning and network factors that lead to social networking sites. This paper examines how cultural perspectives shape the use of communication technology by examining the patterns of using social network sites among university students in China and Pakistan. The results of the study show that perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, perceived interaction and system use have positive and direct effect on the intention to use social networking sites for information communication. More interestingly, the use of such social networking factors varies sharply across countries with different market-based institutions.
39
Alhadhrami, Abdelrahman, Valerie Priscilla Goby, and Yahya Al-Ansaari. "Women’s enactment of leadership in a heavily gender-marked Islamic context." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 26, no. 4 (2018): 728–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-08-2017-1206.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Diverse cultural contexts with their distinct enactments of traditional gender inequity present unique constraints for female leaders. In Western contexts, the Christianity-inspired principle of equality of all humans remains a latent principle operative toward greater gender egalitarianism. This paper aims to examine female leaders within an Islamic context devoid of such espoused equality in which gender differences are enshrined in culture and law. Design/methodology/approach Questionnaires based on the Competing Value Framework were developed and completed by 145 leaders and 365 employees from UAE companies. The salient findings of these responses were explored in six subsequent focus group discussions. Findings The study reveals no difference in how women perform leadership, except in terms of brokering skills in which women are perceived as superior to their male counterparts. Focus group discussion participants ascribed this difference to the Islamic benevolent sexism dynamic of according women greater respect, which facilitates their access to higher management. Originality/value This pioneering perspective of female leaders in a context of overt and sanctioned cultural and legal gender disparity contributes to scholarship on female leadership through a non-Western lens.
40
Inghilleri, Paolo, and Nicola Rainisio. "Attaccamento ai luoghi, identitŕ giovanile e benessere: una ricerca in Europa e implicazioni per la comunicazione interculturale." IKON, no. 53 (February 2009): 39–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ikr2006-053003.
Full textAbstract:
- This paper investigates the connections between place attachment, Well-being and cultural differences in students of three European countries: Italy, Uk and Romania. A sample of 445 participants was investigated on a number of issues, including reported Well-being (using the Satisfaction with Life Scale), place identity, place attachment and place preferences. The results show an existing direct link between place attachment and life satisfaction; this relationship becomes stronger during the adolescence. A second cluster of data shows an emerging need to integrate and to balance global and local sense of belonging to improve the subjective Well-being. The last evidence concerns the perceived place identity, because there's a significant difference in managing the place meanings between cultural groups. In particular, the difference we found regards subjects who consider themselves citizens of other countries while residing in the three countries examined, and as such they presumably belong to linguistic and ethnic groups of long-time or recent immigration. This findings demonstrated the utility of the integration between Environmental and Positive Psychology, with the aim to investigate the suggested happiness-place links. The implications for new intercultural communication's strategies are discussed.
41
Khilkhanova, Erzhen V., and Dorzhi L. Khilkhanov. "Ethnocultural Identity of Migrants from the Eastern Regions of the former USSR in the Light of “Clash of Cultures” Theory." Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices 17, no. 1 (2020): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-897x-2020-17-1-31-38.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents some results of the project, the purpose of which was to study the processes of definition and (re)construction of ethnic identity and its relationship with the language and culture of Asian migrants from the former USSR. The results are analyzed in terms of differences in cultures and values as the most important part of culture. This once again tests the universality of the theories of “clash of civilizations” and “clash of cultures” by S. Huntington and R. Lewis. The author comes to the conclusion that, first, cultural identity, unlike ethnic identity, is subject to transformation and at the same time it is stable. Secondly, the difference of cultures (“Eastern” and “Western”) exists and is perceived at the level of cultural values and norms, but it is not of a conflict, antagonistic nature. The conclusion explains the reasons for this in the light of the above-mentioned theories.
42
Jatau, Andrew Audu. "Factors Associated with Maternal Health Problems and Strategies for Promoting Safe Motherhood amongst Pregnant Married Women in Kanke LGA, Plateau State, Nigeria." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 32 (June 2014): 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.32.106.
Full textAbstract:
This study determined the factors associated with maternal health problems and strategies for promoting safe motherhood amongst pregnant married women in Kanke LGA. Survey research design was employed for the study. The population of the study consisted of pregnant married women. Questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. The findings of the study revealed that factors associated with maternal health problems of semi-urban and rural pregnant married women were: pelvic inflammatory diseases, cultural beliefs and traditional practices, maternal mortality and vesico-vaginal fistulae. The factors associated with maternal health problems among age 15 – 30 and 31+ pregnant married women were: poverty, hypertension in pregnancy and prolonged labour. The perceived strategies for promoting safe motherhood were: improving the skills of community health workers, screening of high risk pregnant mothers, even distribution of health care personnel and elimination of cultural beliefs and traditional practices. There was significant difference in the factors associated with maternal health problems amongst semi-urban and rural pregnant married women. There was significant difference in the perceived strategies for promoting safe motherhood between semi-urban and rural pregnant married women. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations on how to curtail the maternal health problems of pregnant women were proffered.
43
Secomb, Linnell. "Interrupting Mythic Community." Cultural Studies Review 9, no. 1 (2013): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/csr.v9i1.3586.
Full textAbstract:
If nation is increasingly perceived as a less than honourable institution formed through war, invasion and geo-political territorialisation, and government is widely denounced as the site of political intrigue and the means of subjectification of citizen–voters, community appears to escape this critique and to be viewed as an idyllic formation based on bonds of affinity. However, this romancing of community is disrupted by trans-cultural and sub-cultural formations that expose the fantasy of a harmonious, homogenous community. While community is often conceived as arising organically from familial, tribal or cultural similarity, or as constituted through a common history and shared cultural institutions, this totalising conception of community is interrupted by the demands of difference and heterogeneity and by a questioning of the idyll of community authenticated in myths of archaic origin.
44
Chapa, Olga, and Yong J. Wang. "Oh, the places you’ll go!" International Journal of Organizational Analysis 24, no. 4 (2016): 591–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-03-2015-0853.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore pre-employment college graduates’ relocation tendencies based on a research framework built upon gender and cultural theories. Design/methodology/approach Relocation decisions were analyzed based on 208 college graduates enrolled in public universities in Texas, USA. Findings The relocation decision-making by college graduates differ from that for corporate employees described in previous research. First, the willingness to relocate increases as the college graduates mature. Second, gender difference in the willingness to relocate is non-significant because of the same expected norms for both genders. Instead, psychological gender affiliation, such as self-perceived masculinity, makes a difference in relocation decisions. Third, family-related variables, such as marital status and parenthood, do not influence college graduates’ relocation decisions. Last, cultural groups do not exhibit any overall significant differences. Research limitations/implications The findings provide new and complementary knowledge over previous relocation studies. Practical implications The findings enhance the understanding of career choices made by college graduates in their early career, offering valuable managerial implications in crafting staffing strategies and improving human resource management for organizations in today’s fast-changing, vibrant multi-cultural environment. Originality/value The study is focused on pre-employment relocation decision-making by college graduates from different demographic backgrounds. The study fills a major research void in relocation studies by clarifying the relocation patterns of new employees graduating from college.
45
Beagan, Brenda, Erin Fredericks, and Mary Bryson. "Family physician perceptions of working with LGBTQ patients: physician training needs." Canadian Medical Education Journal 6, no. 1 (2015): e14-e22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36834/cmej.36647.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Medical students and physicians report feeling under-prepared for working with patients who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or queer (LGBTQ). Understanding physician perceptions of this area of practice may aid in developing improved education.Method: In-depth interviews with 24 general practice physicians in Halifax and Vancouver, Canada, were used to explore whether, when and how the gender identity and sexual orientation of LGBTQ women were relevant to good care. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted using ATLAS.ti data analysis software.Results: Three major themes emerged: 1) Some physicians perceived that sexual/gender identity makes little or no difference; treating every patient as an individual while avoiding labels optimises care for everyone. 2) Some physicians perceived sexual/gender identity matters primarily for the provision of holistic care, and in order to address the effects of discrimination. 3) Some physicians perceived that sexual/gender identity both matters and does not matter, as they strove to balance the implications of social group membership with recognition of individual differences. Conclusions: Physicians may be ignoring important aspects of social group memberships that affect health and health care. The authors hold that individual and socio-cultural differences are both important to the provision of quality health care. Distinct from stereotypes, generalisations about social group differences can provide valuable starting points, raising useful lines of inquiry. Emphasizing this distinction in medical education may help change physician approaches to the care of LGBTQ women.
46
Akdeniz, Hakan, Yeşim Körmükçü, Gülşah Sekban, and İrem Bostan. "Reviewing sports sciences students’ perceived freedom levels in leisure in terms of any variables (Kocaeli university case)." SHS Web of Conferences 48 (2018): 01068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184801068.
Full textAbstract:
This study was executed with the aim of investigating whether the perceived freedom levels of students who study in the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences vary by any variables. The target population of the study composed of 240 voluntary students who study at Kocaeli University, the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 132 (55%) of whom was female and 108 (45%) of whom were male. Perceived Freedom in Leisure Scale, which was developed by Witt and Ellis (1985) and adopted into Turkish by [21] was used as the data collection tool of the study. Kolmogrov-Smirnof test analyzed whether the data showed normal distribution and it was observed that data do not display a normal distribution. As a result of this, Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis H tests were applied. The significance level was considered as 0,05. No significant difference was identified between perceived freedom levels in leisure by means of certain variables such as gender, department, participation in social activities, approximate participation in recreation activities and frequency of leisure participation (p>0,05). A significant difference was found between knowledge and skill – excitement and joy by means of participation in sportive activities, participation in cultural and artistic activities and competence in recreation areas (p<0,05). Consequently, when knowledge and skill – excitement and joy sub-dimensions of students who use their recreational areas, attend to sportive and artistic activities were evaluated, it was seen that individuals who actively participate in any activity may perceive him or herself freer when he or she is compared to the individuals who participate in an activity in a passive way. Therefore, a further activity participation sense may be created.
47
Pardede, Evangelis, WILLIAMS KWASI PEPRAH, and Patience Boatemaa Antwi-Yamoah. "The Influence of Organizational Culture on Planning as Perceived by Employees in The Hospital." Abstract Proceedings International Scholars Conference 7, no. 1 (2019): 1030–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35974/isc.v7i1.950.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Planning is essential to healthcare institutions. The first important factor that indicates the effectiveness and efficiency of an organization is planning and the realization of how the vision and mission that have been set up are implemented. However, organizational culture plays a key role in setting a plan for hospitals. It is upon this premises that this study seeks to find the impact of organizational culture on planning as professed by employees in the hospital and the significant difference between sex and age when planning was considered. 
 
 Method: This was quantitative research which was designed as descriptive-correlational. The self-constructed instrument was conveniently administered to 108 hospital employees within Laguna in the Philippines to measure their hospital organizational culture and planning. The statistical study treatment was based on SPSS version 23, where Mean and Standard Deviation and Pearson Correlation and t-test were used to analyze the data. 
 
 Result: The results revealed that hospital planning was very high, and they strongly agree with the influence of their organizational culture. Furthermore, the study resulted that there is a high correlation between organizational culture and planning. There was a significant difference in sex, however, there was no significant difference in age. The implication is that hospitals must make sure that their firms’ culture supports planning so that they can meet their objectives. 
 Discussion: The study recommends that hospitals must make sure that their cultural practices support planning. This is among the various ways to achieve hospitals success and make them effective and efficient.
48
Christensen, Tom, and Per Lægreid. "NPM and beyond — structure, culture and demography." International Review of Administrative Sciences 74, no. 1 (2008): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852307085730.
Full textAbstract:
The main research questions in this article are to what degree New Public Management (NPM) and post-NPM reform elements have been perceived as relevant or significant in the Norwegian civil service; what have been the most significant reform elements; and how to explain the variation in the perceived significance of different administrative reform tools. How important is leadership relative to other structural factors and to demographic and cultural features? The empirical data used in the analysis are taken mainly from surveys of civil servants in the Norwegian ministries conducted in 1996 and 2006. A general finding is that cultural features make a significant difference, but having a leadership position and task structure also have explanatory power. Generally, we face a combination of robustness and amenability to administrative policy reforms. Points for practitioners This article shows that the perceived significance of different administrative reform tools is high within government ministries in Norway. Four families of reform measures are revealed: performance-management reforms, cultural-managerial reforms, structural reforms and market-related reforms. Reform measures connected to performance management systems generally have high scores, while market-related reforms score low. The administrative reforms show a robust pattern from 1996 to 2006, but new reform tools are added to existing measures and this produces increased complexity. The variations in significance of different reform tools can be traced back to administrative culture, leadership position and main tasks.
49
Manolova, Maria S., Vesela P. Stefanova, Ivan V. Panayotov, et al. "Perceived sources of stress in fifth year dental students - a comparative study." Folia Medica 54, no. 2 (2012): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10153-011-0089-3.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction: The term “stress” refers to the effect of certain external factors (physical or mental) on the individual’s physical and psychological health. Stress is very high in dental medicine. It may well be generated by the process of training in dentistry. During their training dental students express high levels of stress and considerable stress-related symptoms such as physical problems, depression, obsessive-compulsive and personality disorders. The perceived stress can be dependent on socio-cultural factors. The type of personality, gender, emotional intelligence and other individual characteristics may also influence the stress effects. Aim: To determine the main sources of stress in students during their dental training and compare the level of stress fifth-year dental students experience in the Faculty of Dental Medicine, Plovdiv, Bulgaria and the Faculty of Dentistry in Montpellier, France. Methods: We recruited in the study fifth-year students from the Faculty of Dental Medicine in Plovdiv, Bulgaria and the Faculty of Dentistry in Montpellier, France. The modified Dental Environment Stress (DES) questionnaire was used to assess the effect of the various stressors. The questionnaire survey was conducted between February and March 2008. Results: The living arrangements domain indicates higher levels of stress in Bulgarian students compared to their French counterparts with significant statistical difference for all factors. In personal factors the highest levels of stress were found with respect to the reduced holidays during school year and financial problems. Exams were the highest stressor in academic work domain and for the survey as a whole. In educational environment factors the stressors with the highest significance were the interactions with patients, academic environment (for French students) and risk of cross transmitted infections (for Bulgarian students). The high stress during clinical work is related to completing the assigned clinical workload quota and the shortage of time for clinical work. Conclusions: The students from both faculties report the highest mean levels of stress are related to examinations and clinical factors. Bulgarian students experienced higher mean levels of stress compared to their French colleges. The differences in mean stress levels are associated with socio-cultural factors and variations in educational curriculums at both dental faculties.
50
Kingstone, Sydney. "“Scottish”, “English” or “foreign”." English World-Wide 36, no. 3 (2015): 315–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.36.3.02kin.
Full textAbstract:
This paper provides the first perceptual dialectology survey of Scotland. Respondents from the northeast fishing town of Buckie were asked to mark and label dialect areas on a map, and to rate 12 government regions on five scales: “degree-of-difference”, “correctness”, “pleasantness”, “broadness” and “sounding Scottish”. Based on the results of the survey, Scottish dialect perceptions could be placed into three main cultural dimensions: : (i) “Scottishness”, the “Good Scots/Bad Scots” distinction; (ii) “Englishness”, the cultural prominence of the Scotland-England border; and (iii) “Foreignness”, the influence of other languages on its islands. The conflicting responses regarding correctness offer a glimpse into different aspects of linguistic (in)security in Scotland. These findings provide a means of understanding Scotland’s current perceived linguistic landscape through significant regional and cultural dimensions.