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1
Zeithaml, Valarie A. Defining and relating price, perceived quality, and perceived value. Cambridge, Mass: Marketing Science Institute, 1987.
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Zeithaml, Valarie A. Defining and relating price, perceived quality, and perceived value. Cambridge, Mass: Marketing Science Institute, 1987.
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Gardner, David M. The effects of locus of control and intolerance of ambiguity on the price-perceived quality relationship. Champaign: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1992.
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Weiss, Martin. Showcasing Science. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462982246.
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Teylers Museum was founded in 1784 and soon thereafter became one of the most important centres of Dutch science. The Museum’s first director, Martinus van Marum, famously had the world’s largest electrostatic generator built and set up in Haarlem. This subsequently became the most prominent item in the Museum’s world-class, publicly accessible, and constantly growing collections. These comprised scientific instruments, mineralogical and palaeontological specimens, prints, drawings, paintings, and coins. Van Marum’s successors continued to uphold the institution’s prestige and use the collections for research purposes, while it was increasingly perceived as an art museum by the public. In the early twentieth century, the Nobel Prize laureate Hendrik Antoon Lorentz was appointed head of the scientific instrument collection and conducted experiments on the Museum’s premises. Showcasing Science: A History of Teylers Museum in the Nineteenth Century charts the history of Teylers Museum from its inception until Lorentz’ tenure. From the vantage point of the Museum’s scientific instrument collection, this book gives an analysis of the changing public role of Teylers Museum over the course of the nineteenth century.
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Zeithaml, Valeria A. Defining and Relating Price, Perceived Quality, and Perceived Value/Msi 87-101. Marketing Science Inst, 1987.
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Anderson, Kym. Food Price and Trade Policy Biases. Edited by Ronald J. Herring. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195397772.013.009.
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This article demonstrates how governments have distorted food markets in high-income countries, primarily through ineffective trade policies. It begins by reviewing theories on agriculture’s perceived role in development. It then considers a recent World Bank study, which presents evidence of price-distorting policies in both high-income and developing countries. Next, it discusses the contribution of agriculture to the current global welfare cost of distortions to farm and nonfarm goods markets, and the impact of those distortionary policies on income inequality and poverty. The article concludes by assessing the policy implications of the study’s empirical findings.
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Coyer, Megan. Medical Humanism and Blackwood’s Magazine at the Fin de Siècle. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474405607.003.0007.
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If Blackwood’s helped to generate a recuperative medical humanism in the first half of the nineteenth century, what was its legacy? This ‘Coda’ turns to the fin de siècle to trace some key examples of a resurgence of the magazine’s mode of medical humanism at a time of perceived crisis for the medical profession, when many began ‘to worry that the transformation of medicine into a science, as well as the epistemological and technical successes of the new sciences, may have been bought at too great a price’....
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Grabher, Gernot, and Oliver Ibert. Schumpeterian Customers? How Active Users Co-create Innovations. Edited by Gordon L. Clark, Maryann P. Feldman, Meric S. Gertler, and Dariusz Wójcik. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755609.013.36.
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Up until recently, the role of the customer in economic geography seems to have been confined to a passive recipient of products at the end of the value chain. Innovation, in particular, has been conceived as an affair within and between firms. More recently, however, this traditional perception has been challenged. Consumers, in fact, are no longer seen as mere buyers of commodities but are more and more perceived (and perceive themselves) as competent users who contribute valuable knowledge to innovation processes and who have the power and capacity to intervene at all stages in the value creation process. Value co-creation has emerged as a new paradigm that signifies this transformation of the role of consumers. The prime aim of this chapter is to map out the evolving terrain of value co-creation and to draw conclusions for economic geographical inquiry into innovation processes.
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Pynnöniemi, Katri, ed. Nexus of Patriotism and Militarism in Russia: A Quest for Internal Cohesion. Helsinki University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33134/hup-9.
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This edited volume explores patriotism and the growing role of militarism in today’s Russia. During the last 20-year period, there has been a consistent effort in Russia to consolidate the nation and to foster a sense of unity and common purpose. To this end, Russian authorities have activated various channels, from educational programmes and youth organizations to media and popular culture. With the conflict in Ukraine, the manipulation of public sentiments – feeling of pride and perception of threat – has become more systemic. The traditional view of Russia being Other for Europe has been replaced with a narrative of enmity. The West is portrayed as a threat to Russia’s historical-cultural originality while Russia represents itself as a country encircled by enemies. On the other hand, these state-led projects mixing patriotism and militarism are perceived sceptically by the Russian society, especially the younger generations. This volume provides new insights into the evolution of enemy images in Russia and the ways in which societal actors perceive official projections of patriotism and militarism in the Russian society. The contributors of the volume include several experts on Russian studies, contemporary history, political science, sociology, and media studies.
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Garavini, Giuliano. The Rise and Fall of OPEC in the Twentieth Century. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832836.001.0001.
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The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is one of the most recognizable acronyms among international organizations. It is mainly associated with the “oil shock” of 1973 when the price of petroleum increased fourfold and industrialized countries and consumers were forced to face the limits of their development model. This is the first history of OPEC and of its members written by a professional historian. It carries the reader from the formation of the first petrostate in the world, Venezuela in the late 1920s, to the global ascent of petrostates and OPEC in the 1970s, to their crisis at the end of the 1980s and beginning of the 1990s. Born in 1960, OPEC was the first international organization of the Global South. It was widely perceived as acting as the economic “spearhead” of the Global South and acquired a role that went far beyond the realm of oil politics. Petrostates such as Venezuela, Nigeria, Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, have been (and still are) key regional actors and their enduring cooperation, defying wide political and cultural differences and even wars, speaks to the centrality of natural resources in the history of the twentieth century, and to the underlying conflict between producers and consumers of these natural resources. Being the first study to use previously unavailable OPEC sources, it offers surprising insights into the way of thinking of the ruling elites in petrostates and to the way the world looks when seen through their eyes.
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Seabrooks, Patricia Ann Johnson. SOCIAL SUPPORTS OF OLDER HAITIANS IN PORT-AU-PRINCE AND MIAMI: EFFECTS ON HEALTH PRACTICES AND PERCEIVED HEALTH STATUS (FLORIDA). 1992.
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Kornicki, Peter Francis. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797821.003.0012.
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This chapter draws together the arguments made in the earlier chapters and addresses the question of nationalism, in particular after the Manchu conquest of China and the start of the Qing dynasty in 1644, which altered perceptions of China significantly in East Asia. The cultural pride that developed in Japan, Korea, and Vietnam led to greater interest in the vernaculars but it did not until later lead to a rejection of Sinitic, for until the early twentieth century Sinitic continued to be perceived as the common learned language of the whole of East Asia, rather that the property of China.
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Anooshahr, Ali. Mongols in the Tarikh-i Rashidi. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190693565.003.0006.
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This chapter will continue to investigate Central Asia by showing how the Mongol prince Mirza Haydar Dughlat (d. 1551) ruminated wistfully about his Mongol origins nostalgically as a time of aristocratic order that had vanished by his day. Yet Mirza Haydar also had to confront negative aspects of that past such as paganism and violence. In short the author perceived Turco-Mongol origins as a biological problem which was however not ethnic. Here too, as in the case of Transoxania in the previous chapter, Turkestani origins were always problematic and were deferred to another time and place beyond the author’s present context and circumstances.
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Aderinto, Saheed. Sexualized Laws, Criminalized Bodies. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038884.003.0006.
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This chapter discusses how the criminal justice system assumed a prime position in the policing of prostitution. By differentiating between adult and child prostitution laws, the legal system played a significant role in molding public and official perceptions toward the identity of adult and underage practitioners of prostitution and the perceived menace each type of prostitution allegedly posed. Moreover, unlike the social interpretation of sex work, the new legal regime from the early 1940s institutionalized the criminalization of transactional sex as a component of social and public order. As such, prostitution became a component of the colonial state's maintenance of law and order, which was cardinal to the effective exploitation of the colonies.
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van Dyke, Christina. Eat Y’Self Fitter. Edited by Anne Barnhill, Mark Budolfson, and Tyler Doggett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199372263.013.32.
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Attitudes toward healthy eating and dietary choices are increasingly important components of how people conceive of (and judge) both themselves and others. This chapter examines orthorexia—a condition in which the subject becomes obsessed with identifying and maintaining the ideal diet, rigidly avoiding foods perceived as unhealthy or harmful—and it argues that the condition represents an extreme manifestation of sociocultural norms that people are all being pushed toward. These norms are highly gendered, however, and women and men are thus sometimes portrayed as if they were striving toward radically different goals in the elusive quest for perfect health. Yet what makes orthorexia destructive to both men and women is ultimately a common urge to transcend rather than to embrace the realities of embodiment. In short, orthorexia is best understood as a manifestation of age-old anxieties about human finitude and mortality—anxieties that current dominant sociocultural forces prime people to experience and express in unhealthy attitudes toward healthy eating.
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Bodroghkozy, Aniko. Bringing “Urgent Issues” to the Vast Wasteland. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036682.003.0007.
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This chapter examines how entertainment television addressed the theme of race relations and “black and white together” by focusing on CBS's East Side/West Side, one of the first prime-time shows to feature an African American in a continuing role. Many cultural critics complained about the perceived decline in quality of television programming. Federal Communications Commission Chairman Newton Minow even described network television as “a vast wasteland.” This chapter considers the television networks' inauguration of a new form of programming dubbed “New Frontier character dramas” as they tried to soothe their presumed white audiences about race relations. It explores how East Side/West Side presented to its viewers issues of racism, black rage, white guilt, the place of African Americans in American society, and the appropriate response by white liberals. It explains how East Side/West Side became a terrain of struggle for mostly Northern, mostly white Americans trying to negotiate positions around race and Kennedy-era liberalism. It also argues that the series was out of step with the story that television really wanted to tell.
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Sharafutdinova, Gulnaz. The Red Mirror. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197502938.001.0001.
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This book inquires into Vladimir Putin’s leadership strategy and relies on social identity theory to explain Putin’s success as a leader. The author argues that Russia’s second president has been successful in promoting his image as an embodiment of the shared national identity of the Russian citizens. He has articulated the shared collective perspective and has built a social consensus by tapping into powerful group emotions of shame and humiliation derived from the painful experience of the transition in the 1990s. He was able to overturn these emotions into pride and patriotism by activating two central pillars of the Soviet collective identity: a sense of exceptionalism that the Soviet regime promoted to consolidate the Soviet nation, and a sense of a foreign threat to the state and its people that also was foundational for the Soviet Union. Putin’s assertive foreign policy decisions, culminating in the annexation of Crimea, appeared to have secured, in the eyes of the Russian citizens, their insecure national identity. The top-down leadership and bottom-up collective identity–driven processes coalesced to produce a newly revanchist Russia, with its current leader perceived by many citizens to be irreplaceable. Politics of national identity in Russia are promoted through a well-coordinated media machine that works to focus citizens’ attention on Putin’s foreign policy and on Russia’s international standing. Public fears are played out against the backdrop of Soviet legacies of national exceptionalism and the politics of victimhood associated with the 1990s to conjure a sense of collective dignity, self-righteousness, and national strength to keep the present political system intact.
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Gustavsson, Gina, and David Miller, eds. Liberal Nationalism and Its Critics. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198842545.001.0001.
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The thesis of liberal nationalism is that national identities can serve as a source of unity in culturally diverse liberal societies, thereby lending support to democracy and social justice. The chapters in this book examine that thesis from both normative and empirical perspectives, in the latter case using survey data or psychological experiments from the USA, Canada, the Netherlands, Denmark, France, and the UK. They explore how people understand what it means to belong to their nation, and show that different aspects of national attachment—national identity, national pride, and national chauvinism—have contrasting effects on support for redistribution and on attitudes towards immigrants. The psychological mechanisms that may explain why people’s identity matters for their willingness to extend support to others are examined in depth. Equally important is how the potential recipients of such support are perceived. ‘Ethnic’ and ‘civic’ conceptions of national identity are often contrasted, but the empirical basis for such a distinction is shown to be weak. In their place, a cultural conception of national identity is explored, and defended against the charge that it is ‘essentialist’ and therefore exclusive of minorities. Particular attention is given to the role that religion can legitimately play within such identities. Finally the book examines the challenges involved in integrating immigrants, dual nationals, and other minorities into the national community. It shows that although these groups mostly share the liberal values of the majority, their full inclusion depends on whether they are seen as committed and trustworthy members of the national ‘we’.
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Markwica, Robin. Emotional Choices. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794349.001.0001.
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In coercive diplomacy, states threaten military action to persuade opponents to change their behavior. The goal is to achieve a target’s compliance without incurring the cost in blood and treasure of military intervention. Coercers typically employ this strategy toward weaker actors, but targets often refuse to submit and the parties enter into war. To explain these puzzling failures of coercive diplomacy, existing accounts generally refer to coercers’ perceived lack of resolve or targets’ social norms and identities. What these approaches either neglect or do not examine systematically is the role that emotions play in these encounters. The present book contends that target leaders’ affective experience can shape their decision-making in significant ways. Drawing on research in psychology and sociology, the study introduces an additional, emotion-based action model besides the traditional logics of consequences and appropriateness. This logic of affect, or emotional choice theory, posits that target leaders’ choice behavior is influenced by the dynamic interplay between their norms, identities, and five key emotions, namely fear, anger, hope, pride, and humiliation. The core of the action model consists of a series of propositions that specify the emotional conditions under which target leaders are likely to accept or reject a coercer’s demands. The book applies the logic of affect to Nikita Khrushchev’s decision-making during the Cuban missile crisis in 1962 and Saddam Hussein’s choice behavior in the Gulf conflict in 1990–91, offering a novel explanation for why coercive diplomacy succeeded in one case but not in the other.
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Estanove, Laurence, Adrian Grafe, Andrew McKeown, and Claire Hélie, eds. 21st-Century Dylan. Bloomsbury Publishing Inc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501363726.
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Bob Dylan has constantly reinvented the persona known as “Bob Dylan,” renewing the performance possibilities inherent in his songs, from acoustic folk, to electric rock and a late, hybrid style which even hints at so-called world music and Latin American tones. Then in 2016, his achievements outside of performance – as a songwriter – were acknowledged when he was awarded the Nobel Literature Prize. Dylan has never ceased to broaden the range of his creative identity, taking in painting, film, acting and prose writing, as well as advertising and even own-brand commercial production. The book highlights how Dylan has brought his persona(e) to different art forms and cultural arenas, and how they in turn have also created these personae. This volume consists of multidisciplinary essays written by cultural historians, musicologists, literary academics and film experts, including contributions by critics Christopher Ricks and Nina Goss. Together, the essays reveal Dylan’s continuing artistic development and self-fashioning, as well as the making of a certain legitimized Dylan through critical and public recognition in the new millennium. This volume seeks to reflect the range of Bob Dylan’s multiple activities, the ‘late style’ of his creativity and his personae in all their later variety, from the Time Out of Mind album (1997) up to the release in March 2020 of ‘Murder Most Foul’. Bob Dylan (born 1941) is perhaps best-known as a singer and songwriter whose major impact occurred several decades ago. His achievements as a songwriter and master of language were – provocatively? – acknowledged when he was awarded the 2016 Nobel Literature Prize. However, Dylan has never ceased to broaden the range of his creative identity, especially through intermediality, taking in painting, film, acting, radio-presenting and prose writing, as well as advertising and even own-brand commercial production, either reinforcing or calling into question his perceived authenticity. The book highlights how Dylan has brought his persona(e) to different art forms and cultural arenas, and how they in turn have also created these personae. Chronicles, Volume One, his autobiography, charts his beginnings as a folk singer and the later recording of the Oh Mercy album. In terms of his identity as a visual artist, while Dylan’s Revisionist Art exhibition focused on his reworkings of magazine covers, the Brazil Series paintings show him extending his visual creativity to cultural spaces beyond the United States. Dylan has constantly reinvented the persona known as ‘Bob Dylan’.
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Jacquet, Jennifer. Guilt and Shame in U.S. Climate Change Communication. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.575.
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Some of the major misconceptions in the United States about climate change—such as the focus on scientific uncertainty, the “debate” over whether climate change is caused by humans, and pushback about how severe the consequences might be—can be seen as communications battles. An interesting area within communications is the contrasting use of guilt and shame for climate-related issues. Guilt and shame are social emotions (along with embarrassment, pride, and others), but guilt and shame are also distinct tools. On the one hand, guilt regulates personal behavior, and because it requires a conscience, guilt can be used only against individuals. Shame, on the other hand, can be used against both individuals and groups by calling their behavior out to an audience. Shaming allows citizens to express criticism and social sanctions, attempting to change behavior through social pressure, often because the formal legal system is not holding transgressors accountable. Through the use of guilt and shame we can see manifestations of how we perceive the problem of climate change and who is responsible for it. For instance, in October 2008, Chevron, one of the world’s largest fossil fuel companies, placed advertisements around Washington, DC, public transit stops featuring wholesome-looking, human faces with captions such as “I will unplug things more,” “I will use less energy,” and “I will take my golf clubs out of the trunk.” Six months later, DC activists reworked the slogans by adding to each the phrase “while Chevron pollutes.” This case of corporate advertising and subsequent “adbusting” illustrates the contrast between guilt and shame in climate change communication. Guilt has tended to align with the individualization of responsibility for climate change and has been primarily deployed over issues of climate-related consumption rather than other forms of behavior, such as failure to engage politically. Shame has been used, largely by civil society groups, as a primary tactic against fossil fuel producers, peddlers of climate denial, and industry-backed politicians.
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Fuss, Sabine. The 1.5°C Target, Political Implications, and the Role of BECCS. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.585.
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The 2°C target for global warming had been under severe scrutiny in the run-up to the climate negotiations in Paris in 2015 (COP21). Clearly, with a remaining carbon budget of 470–1,020 GtCO2eq from 2015 onwards for a 66% probability of stabilizing at concentration levels consistent with remaining below 2°C warming at the end of the 21st century and yearly emissions of about 40 GtCO2 per year, not much room is left for further postponing action. Many of the low stabilization pathways actually resort to the extraction of CO2 from the atmosphere (known as negative emissions or Carbon Dioxide Removal [CDR]), mostly by means of Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS): if the biomass feedstock is produced sustainably, the emissions would be low or even carbon-neutral, as the additional planting of biomass would sequester about as much CO2 as is generated during energy generation. If additionally carbon capture and storage is applied, then the emissions balance would be negative. Large BECCS deployment thus facilitates reaching the 2°C target, also allowing for some flexibility in other sectors that are difficult to decarbonize rapidly, such as the agricultural sector. However, the large reliance on BECCS has raised uneasiness among policymakers, the public, and even scientists, with risks to sustainability being voiced as the prime concern. For example, the large-scale deployment of BECCS would require vast areas of land to be set aside for the cultivation of biomass, which is feared to conflict with conservation of ecosystem services and with ensuring food security in the face of a still growing population.While the progress that has been made in Paris leading to an agreement on stabilizing “well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels” and “pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C” was mainly motivated by the extent of the impacts, which are perceived to be unacceptably high for some regions already at lower temperature increases, it has to be taken with a grain of salt: moving to 1.5°C will further shrink the time frame to act and BECCS will play an even bigger role. In fact, aiming at 1.5°C will substantially reduce the remaining carbon budget previously indicated for reaching 2°C. Recent research on the biophysical limits to BECCS and also other negative emissions options such as Direct Air Capture indicates that they all run into their respective bottlenecks—BECCS with respect to land requirements, but on the upside producing bioenergy as a side product, while Direct Air Capture does not need much land, but is more energy-intensive. In order to provide for the negative emissions needed for achieving the 1.5°C target in a sustainable way, a portfolio of negative emissions options needs to minimize unwanted effects on non–climate policy goals.