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Journal articles on the topic 'Percent estimate'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Suárez Serrato, Juan Carlos, and Owen Zidar. "Who Benefits from State Corporate Tax Cuts? A Local Labor Market Approach with Heterogeneous Firms: Reply." American Economic Review 113, no. 12 (2023): 3401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20230208.

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In Suárez Serrato and Zidar (2016), we estimate the incidence of state corporate taxes. Malgouyres, Mayer, and Mazet-Sonilhac (2023) highlight two errors, ignoring effects on firm composition and characterizing capital costs inconsistently. This reply corrects the structural model and corresponding incidence estimates. The incidence results are similar to the originally reported estimates and the confidence intervals widen for some estimates. In the corrected structural model, the firm owner incidence share estimate changes by 1.6 percentage points relative to the original version (i.e., 38.1

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2

Thanner, PhD, Meridith H., Jonathan M. Links, PhD, Martin I. Meltzer, MS, PhD, James J. Scheulen, PA, MBA, and Gabor D. Kelen, MD. "Understanding estimated worker absenteeism rates during an influenza pandemic." American Journal of Disaster Medicine 6, no. 2 (2011): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2011.0049.

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Objectives: Published employee absenteeism estimates during an influenza pandemic range from 10 to 40 percent. The purpose of this study was to estimate daily employee absenteeism through the duration of an influenza pandemic and to determine the relative impact of key variables used to derive the estimates.Design: Using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s FluWorkLoss program, the authors estimated the number of absent employees on any given day over the course of a simulated 8-week pandemic wave by using varying attack rates. Employee data from a university with a large academic

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3

O'Connell, Mary Beth, Andrea M. Dwinell, and Susan D. Bannick-Mohrland. "Predictive Performance of Equations to Estimate Creatinine Clearance in Hospitalized Elderly Patients." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 26, no. 5 (1992): 627–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809202600503.

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OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the clinical accuracy of equations that estimate creatinine clearance to predict the correct drug doses in hospitalized elderly patients DESIGN: Single 24-hour creatinine clearance measurement compared with estimated creatinine clearances derived from eight equations using total and modified ideal body weight SETTING: Nonintensive care medical and surgical units at a county hospital PATIENTS: 15 patients with urethral catheters were enrolled in each of three age groups: 65–75, 76–85, and ≥86 years MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Drug–dose predictions, bias, precision, and ab

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O’SULLIVAN, P. A., G. M. WEISS, and V. C. KOSSATZ. "INDICES OF COMPETITION FOR ESTIMATING RAPESEED YIELD LOSS DUE TO CANADA THISTLE." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 65, no. 1 (1985): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps85-020.

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Data were collected from nine farm fields over 2 yr to determine the relationship between percent yield loss of rapeseed and density of Canada thistle. Regression analyses of the data for percent yield loss of rapeseed and numbers of thistle shoots per square metre, using two representations of the data (untransformed and square root transformation), yielded the following equations:[Formula: see text]and[Formula: see text]where ŷ = estimated percent yield loss of rapeseed, x = the number of Canada thistle shoots per square metre, and 1.48 and 10.42 are the indices of competition for Eqs. 1 and

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Phibbs, Ciaran S., Aman Bhandari, Wei Yu, and Paul G. Barnett. "Estimating the Costs of VA Ambulatory Care." Medical Care Research and Review 60, no. 3_suppl (2003): 54S—73S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077558703256725.

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This article reports how we matched Common Procedure Terminology (CPT)codes with Medicare payment rates and aggregate Veterans Affairs (VA)budget data to estimate the costs of every VA ambulatory encounter. Converting CPT codes to encounter-level costs was more complex than a simple match of Medicare reimbursements to CPT codes. About 40 percent of the CPT codes used in VA, representing about 20 percent of procedures, did not have a Medicare payment rate and required other cost estimates. Reconciling aggregated estimated costs to the VA budget allocations for outpatient care produced final VA

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Boutwell, MD, MPP, Amy E., Ank Nijhawan, MD, Nickolas Zaller, PhD, and Josiah D. Rich, MD, MPH. "Arrested on heroin: A national opportunity." Journal of Opioid Management 3, no. 6 (2007): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jom.2007.0021.

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Objectives: Heroin addiction in the United States exacts significant social, economic, medical, and public health costs, estimated at almost $22 billion in 1996. The national drug control strategy of arrest and mandatory sentencing of drug offenders over the past two decades has resulted in ever greater numbers of drug users who encounter the criminal justice system each year. No estimate of heroin use among the US incarcerated population exists. The authors attempted to estimate the proportion of heroin-using individuals who pass through the corrections system annually to determine the potent

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Twine, Edgar Edwin, James Unterschultz, and James Rude. "Evaluating Alberta cattle feeders’ loan guarantee program." Agricultural Finance Review 76, no. 2 (2016): 190–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-11-2015-0047.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate Alberta’s cattle loan guarantee program. It measures the risk premiums on lending that would accrue to banks participating in the program, estimates the value (price) of the loan guarantee, and estimates the interest subsidy provided by the program. Design/methodology/approach – A cash flow model of cattle feeding is used. The model estimates a measure of risk that is applied to option pricing models to estimate the value of the guarantee. Findings – Insurance premiums for the credit risk to lenders are 0.20 percent of the value of the loan fo

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Höglund-Isaksson, L. "Global anthropogenic methane emissions 2005–2030: technical mitigation potentials and costs." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 19 (2012): 9079–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9079-2012.

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Abstract. This paper presents estimates of current and future global anthropogenic methane emissions, their technical mitigation potential and associated costs for the period 2005 to 2030. The analysis uses the GAINS model framework to estimate emissions, mitigation potentials and costs for all major sources of anthropogenic methane for 83 countries/regions, which are aggregated to produce global estimates. Global emissions are estimated at 323 Mt methane in 2005, with an expected increase to 414 Mt methane in 2030. The technical mitigation potential is estimated at 195 Mt methane in 2030, whe

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9

Kelly, Luke E., and James H. Rimmer. "A Practical Method for Estimating Percent Body Fat of Adult Mentally Retarded Males." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 4, no. 2 (1987): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.4.2.117.

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The subjects were 170 moderately and severely mentally retarded men who were divided into two groups. The first group was used to formulate a new prediction equation and the second group was used to cross-validate and ascertain the stability of the derived equation. The prediction equation, employing waist and forearm circumferences, height and weight as predictors, and estimated percent body fat calculated by the generalized regression equation of Jackson and Pollock (1978) as the criterion measure, was formulated using a stepwise multiple regression analysis. A multiple R value of .86 was ob

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Gale, William G., and John Karl Scholz. "Intergenerational Transfers and the Accumulation of Wealth." Journal of Economic Perspectives 8, no. 4 (1994): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.8.4.145.

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This paper uses household data to provide direct estimates of intergenerational transfers as a source of wealth. The authors distinguish between intended transfers (for example, gifts to other households) and possibly unintended transfers (bequests) and estimate that intended transfers account for at least 20 percent of net worth. Thus, a significant portion of the U.S. wealth cannot be explained by the life-cycle model, even when the model is augmented to allow for bequests. Estimated bequests can account for an additional 31 percent of net worth. The authors also show that transfers among li

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11

Gupta, Rangan, and Josine Uwilingiye. "Measuring the welfare cost of inflation in south africa: a reconsideration." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 12, no. 2 (2011): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v12i2.272.

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In this paper, using the Fisher and Seater (1993) long-horizon approach, the writers estimate the long-run equilibrium relationship between money balance as a ratio of income and the Treasury bill rate for South Africa over the period 1965:02 to 2007:01, and, in turn, use the obtained estimates of the interest elasticity and the semi-elasticity to derive the welfare cost estimates of inflation, using both Bailey’s (1956) consumer surplus approach and Lucas’ (2000) compensating variation approach. When the results are compared to welfare cost estimates obtained recently by Gupta and Uwilingiye

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12

Amin, Vikesh. "Returns to Education: Evidence from UK Twins: Comment." American Economic Review 101, no. 4 (2011): 1629–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.4.1629.

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In an article published in the American Economic Review, Dorothe Bonjour et al. (2003) used a dataset on female monozygotic twins and showed that the within-twin estimated return to one year of education was 7.7 percent and statistically significant at the 5 percent level. This comment illustrates that the point estimate conclusion is driven by one twin pair, which is an outlier in the dataset. If one eliminates this twin pair, then the estimated return to education is 5.1 percent and statistically significant at the 10 percent level only. (JEL I21, J16, J24, J31)

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13

Pante, Eric, and Phillip Dustan. "Getting to the Point: Accuracy of Point Count in Monitoring Ecosystem Change." Journal of Marine Biology 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/802875.

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Ecological monitoring programs depend on the robust estimation of descriptive parameters. Percent cover, gleaned from transects sampled with video imagery, is a popular benthic ecology descriptor often estimated using point counting, an image-based method for identifying substrate types beneath random points. We tested the hypothesis that the number of points needed to robustly estimate benthic cover in video imagery transects depends on cover itself, predicting that lower cover will require more points/frame to be accurately estimated. While this point may seem obvious to the statistically in

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Surber, Lisa M. M., Mark E. Rude, Brent L. Roeder, et al. "Percent Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) in the Diets of Grazing Sheep." Invasive Plant Science and Management 4, no. 1 (2011): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-09-00057.1.

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AbstractThe objective of this study was to use fecal near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to estimate the percent spotted knapweed in the diet of grazing ewes to fine tune grazing prescriptions. In trial 1, five ewes were randomly selected from a band of 900 ewes to estimate weekly variation in percent spotted knapweed in the diet. Fecal samples from these ewes were collected weekly from June 22 through August 17 (nine collections per ewe for a total of 45 observations). In trial 2, fecal samples were collected from 89 ewes in the band to estimate variability in percent spotted knapwe

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15

Weatherhead, Patrick J., and Gregory P. Brown. "Measurement versus estimation of condition in snakes." Canadian Journal of Zoology 74, no. 9 (1996): 1617–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z96-179.

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Because variation in fat reserves (i.e., condition) is expected to contribute to variation in survival and reproductive success, zoologists often wish to estimate the condition of the animals they study. The conventional condition estimates used for snakes are the residuals from a regression of body mass on body length. Because this estimate of condition is not independent of the variables used to estimate it (i.e., fat is a component of body mass), estimates derived in this fashion will be confounded whenever fat varies nonrandomly with length. To avoid this problem we used total lipid extrac

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Serrato, Juan Carlos Suárez, and Owen Zidar. "Who Benefits from State Corporate Tax Cuts? A Local Labor Market Approach with Heterogeneous Firms: Further Results." AEA Papers and Proceedings 114 (May 1, 2024): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20241097.

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This paper estimates state corporate tax incidence using new data and methods for estimating the effects on profits. Extending Suarez Serrato and Zidar (2016), we develop two identification approaches that use the effects on incumbent firm labor demand and local productivity. We estimate these effects using data from census, show how they identify parameters, and provide incidence estimates using reduced-form and structural approaches. Across these approaches, we find that owners bear a substantial portion of incidence. Our central estimate is that firm owners bear half of the incidence, while

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Hadorn, David, Giorgi Kvizhinadze, Lucie Collinson, and Tony Blakely. "USEOF EXPERT KNOWLEDGE ELICITATION TO ESTIMATE PARAMETERS IN HEALTH ECONOMIC DECISION MODELS." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 30, no. 4 (2014): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462314000427.

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and methods of expert knowledge elicitation (EKE) for specifying input parameters in health economic decision models (HEDM).Methods: We created two samples using the National Health System Economic Evaluations Database: (1) 100 randomly selected HEDM studies to determine prevalence of EKE and (2) sixty studies using a formal EKE process to determine methods used.Results: Fifty-seven (57 percent) of the random sample included at least one EKE-derived parameter. Of these, six (10 percent) used a formal expert process. Thirty-four

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Crawford, Gregory S., and Ali Yurukoglu. "The Welfare Effects of Bundling in Multichannel Television Markets." American Economic Review 102, no. 2 (2012): 643–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.2.643.

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We measure how the bundling of television channels affects short-run welfare. We estimate an industry model of viewership, demand, pricing, bundling, and input-market bargaining using data on ratings, purchases, prices, bundles, and input costs. We conduct simulations of à la carte policies that require distributors to offer individual channels for sale to consumers. We estimate that negotiated input costs rise by 103.0 percent under à la carte. These higher input costs offset consumer benefits from purchasing individual channels. Mean consumer and total surplus change by an estimated —5.4 to

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Cipriani, Marco, and Antonio Guarino. "Estimating a Structural Model of Herd Behavior in Financial Markets." American Economic Review 104, no. 1 (2014): 224–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.1.224.

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We develop a new methodology to estimate herd behavior in financial markets. We build a model of informational herding that can be estimated with financial transaction data. In the model, rational herding arises because of information-event uncertainty. We estimate the model using data on a NYSE stock (Ashland Inc.) during 1995. Herding occurs often and is particularly pervasive on some days. On average, the proportion of herd buyers is 2 percent; that of herd sellers is 4 percent. Herding also causes important informational inefficiencies in the market, amounting, on average, to 4 percent of

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20

Heston, Thomas F. "The Percent Fragility Index." International Journal of Scientific Research 12, no. 7 (2023): 9–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8215816.

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This article proposes the Percent Fragility Index (PFI) as an improved measure of statistical fragility in biomedical research. The PFI quanties the percentage change in outcomes needed to change a study's statistical signicance from positive to negative or vice-versa. The PFI improves upon existing indices by providing an intuitive statistic that is easy to grasp and by accommodating both dichotomous and continuous variables. This approach minimizes dependency. on sample size, a limitation of the commonly used Fragility Index (FI) and Fragility Quotient (FQ). The FI measures the minimum

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Crête, Michel, Louis-Paul Rivest, Didier Le Hénaff, and Stuart N. Luttich. "Adapting sampling plans to caribou distribution on calving grounds." Rangifer 11, no. 4 (1991): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.11.4.1004.

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Between 1984 and 1988, the size of the two caribou herds in northern Qu&eacute;bec was derived by combining estimates of female numbers on calving grounds in June and composition counts during rut in autumn. Sampling with aerial photos was conducted on calving grounds to determine the number of animals per km2, telemetry served to estimate the proportion of females in the census area at the time of photography in addition to summer survival rate, and helicopter or ground observations were used for composition counts. Observers were able to detect on black and white negatives over 95 percen

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Katchova, Ani L., and Mary Clare Ahearn. "Farm entry and exit from US agriculture." Agricultural Finance Review 77, no. 1 (2017): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-03-2016-0021.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to use a linked-farm approach and a cohort approach to estimate farm entry and exit rates using the US Census of Agriculture. The number of new farms entering agriculture was re-estimated and adjusted upward since not all new and beginning farmers are known to US Department of Agriculture. Design/methodology/approach In addition to a linked-farm approach (linking farms over time), a cohort approach (farms that started operating in the same year) is used to determine exit rates conditional on the number of years a farm has been operating. Linear forecasting,

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MANOHARAN, M., FRANCISCO CIVANTOS, SANDY S. KIM, PABLO GOMEZ, and MARK S. SOLOWAY. "Visual Estimate of Percent of Carcinoma Predicts Recurrence After Radical Prostatectomy." Journal of Urology 170, no. 4 Part 1 (2003): 1194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000080402.72984.b3.

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Dengler, Jürgen, and Iwona Dembicz. "Should we estimate plant cover in percent or on ordinal scales?" Vegetation Classification and Survey 4 (July 7, 2023): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vcs.98379.

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Question: We explored the error resulting from different methods for recording the cover of plants in vegetation plots, specifically the direct estimation of percent cover vs. the use of ordinal cover scales (7-step Braun-Blanquet and 5-step Hult-Sernander-Du Rietz). Methods: We simulated 121 plant species of different cover, sampled with 13 different levels of estimation precision. Estimation precision was either based on a constant coefficient of variation (0.1–1.0) across all cover values or on empirical data from Hatton et al. (1986, Journal of Range Management 39: 91–92) (× 0.5, × 1.0, ×

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Dengler, Jürgen, and Iwona Dembicz. "Should we estimate plant cover in percent or on ordinal scales?" Vegetation Classification and Survey 4 (July 7, 2023): 131–38. https://doi.org/10.3897/VCS.98379.

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Question: We explored the error resulting from different methods for recording the cover of plants in vegetation plots, specifically the direct estimation of percent cover vs. the use of ordinal cover scales (7-step Braun-Blanquet and 5-step Hult-Sernander-Du Rietz). Methods: We simulated 121 plant species of different cover, sampled with 13 different levels of estimation precision. Estimation precision was either based on a constant coefficient of variation (0.1–1.0) across all cover values or on empirical data from Hatton et al. (1986, Journal of Range Management 39: 91–92) (× 0.5, × 1.0, ×

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Ryg, Morten, Christian Lydersen, Nina H. Markussen, Thomas G. Smith, and Nils Are Øritsland. "Estimating the Blubber Content of Phocid Seals." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47, no. 6 (1990): 1223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f90-142.

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We have investigated the relationships between percent blubber content and xiphostemal blubber thickness or girth-to-length ratios in ringed seal (Phoca hispida), harp seal (Phoca groeniandica), and grey seal (Halichoerus grypus). The blubber content was significantly correlated with blubber depths and girth-to-length ratios in all three species, in addition, we have developed an estimator for percent blubber content (the LMD-index) based on standard length (L, in meters), body mass (M, in kilograms), and on blubber thickness (d, in meters) measured at a defined position dorsally. From these v

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Haydu, John, and Alan Hodges. "Economic Dimensions of the Florida Golf Course Industry." EDIS 2003, no. 4 (2002): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-fe344-2002.

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Economic impacts of the Florida golf industry were estimated for year 2000 based upon a survey of golf courses, together with other published data and regional economic models. A survey questionnaire was mailed to all 1,334 golf courses in Florida. Responses were received from 223 firms, representing a 17 percent response rate. The respondent golf courses were classified as private (50 percent), semi-private (27 percent), public (14 percent), municipal (nine percent), resort (five percent), and military (one percent). Results for survey respondents were extrapolated to estimate values for the

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Gulley, Wendy. "Estimate of the Week." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 3, no. 5 (1998): 324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.3.5.0324.

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Imagine an extracurricular mathematical contest in which 60 percent of your school's student body voluntarily participates each week. Imagine the excitement on students' faces in a school assembly, where the results of this contest is the most anticipated announcement of the week. And imagine that this contest is easy for you to run, costs nothing, and gives students experience with important skills and concepts in the middle school curriculum.

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Butler, Matthew J., Galon I. Hall, Mark C. Wallace, et al. "UTILITY OF POULT‐HEN COUNTS TO INDEX PRODUCTIVITY OF RIO GRANDE WILD TURKEYS." Wildlife Society Bulletin 2005, S1 (2005): 159–68. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2328-5540.2005.tb00305.x.

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Abstract:Many states use poult‐hen counts to index wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) population parameters such as reproduction, recruitment, and density. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) personnel have conducted poult‐hen counts of Rio Grande wild turkeys (M. g. intermedia) since 1978. In 2000, we began estimating recruitment and reproductive parameters at 3 study sites in the Texas Panhandle and 1 site in southwestern Kansas. During 2000–2004, we estimated reproductive parameters by intensively monitoring 374 radio‐tagged wild turkey hens. From annual January–March trapping efforts

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Lim, Chon C., Rajeev Arora, and Edwin C. Townsend. "Comparing Gompertz and Richards Functions to Estimate Freezing Injury in Rhododendron Using Electrolyte Leakage." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 123, no. 2 (1998): 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.123.2.246.

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Seasonal patterns in freezing tolerance of five Rhododendron cultivars that vary in feezing tolerance were estimated. Electrolyte leakage was used, and raw leakage data were transformed to percent leakage, percent injury, and percent adjusted injury. These data were compared with visual estimates of injury. Percent adjusted injury was highly correlated (0.753) to visual estimates. Two asymmetric sigmoid functions—Richards and Gompertz—were fitted to the seasonal percent adjusted injury data for all cultivars. Two quantitative measures of leaf freezing tolerance—Lt50 and Tmax (temperature at ma

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Post, Thomas R. "One Point of View: Fractions and Other Rational Numbers." Arithmetic Teacher 37, no. 1 (1989): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.37.1.0003.

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The results of national and international assessments indicate that students have significant difficulties in learning about rational numbers, in 1979 only 24 percent of the nation's thirteen-year-olds could estimate the sum of 12/13 and 7/8 given the following possibilities: 1, 2, 19, 21, and I don't know. Fifty-five percent selected either 19 or 21 as the estimated sum!

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Hahn, Jerold T., and Mark H. Hansen. "Cubic and Board Foot Volume Models for the Central States." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 8, no. 2 (1991): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/8.2.47.

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Abstract This paper presents tree volume models developed for major timber species in the Central States (Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, and Iowa). Models for estimating gross tree volume (either cubic foot or board foot International ¼-in. log rule) and percent cull were developed for 23 species or species groups. These models estimate volume based on observed dbh and tree site index. Nonlinear regression techniques were used to fit a Weibull-type function to estimate gross volume with a data set containing observations from more than 50,000 trees measured throughout the region. A simple linear

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Lacy, Stephen, and Todd F. Simon. "Intercounty Group Ownership of Daily Newspapers and the Decline of Competition for Readers." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 74, no. 4 (1997): 814–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909707400410.

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This study used a national sample to estimate the potential for intercounty daily competition and how many counties contained dailies whose companies owned a daily in an adjoining county. In 1993, an estimated 347 dailies circulated in adjoining counties in which another daily was headquartered. In 113 such situations, the intruding daily reached 10 percent or more penetration in the adjoining county. Intercounty ownership existed in about 15 percent of all counties in 1983, 20 percent in 1988, and 18 percent in 1993. Intercounty ownership was associated with reduced overall county penetration

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Jedwanna, Krit, and Saroch Boonsiripant. "Evaluation of Bluetooth Detectors in Travel Time Estimation." Sustainability 14, no. 8 (2022): 4591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084591.

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With the current popularity of mobile devices with Bluetooth technology, numerous studies have developed methods to analyze the data from such devices to estimate a variety of traffic information, such as travel time, link speed, and origin–destination estimations. However, few studies have comprehensively determined the impact of the penetration rate on the estimated travel time derived from Bluetooth detectors. The objectives of this paper were threefold: (1) to develop a data-processing method to estimate the travel time based on Bluetooth transactional data; (2) to determine the impact of

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Bock, Clive H., Bruce W. Wood, Frank van den Bosch, Stephen Parnell, and Tim R. Gottwald. "The Effect of Horsfall-Barratt Category Size on the Accuracy and Reliability of Estimates of Pecan Scab Severity." Plant Disease 97, no. 6 (2013): 797–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-12-0781-re.

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Pecan scab (Fusicladium effusum) is a destructive pecan disease. Disease assessments may be made using interval-scale-based methods or estimates of severity to the nearest percent area diseased. To explore the effects of rating method—Horsfall-Barratt (H-B) scale estimates versus nearest percent estimates (NPEs)—on the accuracy and reliability of severity estimates over different actual pecan scab severity ranges on fruit valves, raters assessed two cohorts of images with actual area (0 to 6, 6+ to 25%, and 25+ to 75%) diseased. Mean estimated disease within each actual disease severity range

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Cooper, Robert J., Kevin M. Dodge, and Robert C. Whitmore. "Estimating Defoliation Using Stratified Point Intercept Sampling." Forest Science 33, no. 1 (1987): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/33.1.157.

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Abstract A method of estimating percent defoliation is presented whereby foliage measurements are taken on a plot using a sighting tube and compared to foliage present at the same points on the same plot in a base year. Since measurements are not independent, a nonparametric procedure using McNemar's statistic is used to estimate percent defoliation and its standard error. Percent defoliation is estimated for an entire plot by dividing the plot into canopy height categories. An example is provided. For. Sci. 33(1): 157-163.

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Riley, Jeffrey B., C. Vaughn Cassingham, George A. Justison, N. S. Hilal, and Jeffrey C. Crowley. "A Technique to Improve the Estimation of Hemoglobin Percent Oxygen Saturation During Cardiopulmonary Bypass." Journal of ExtraCorporeal Technology 20 (1988): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ject/198820s014.

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Algorithms that estimate hemoglobin percent O2 saturation (%Hb·O2) from pH, pO2, and temperature assume a normal patient hemoglobin P50 equal to about 27 mmHg. Ischemic cardiac and peripheral vascular disease patients do not have P50s near normal. A new continuous pH and blood gas monitor allows the user to evaluate and employ the patient's pre-CPB P50 to estimate the subsequent %Hb·O2. The P50 %Hb·O2 algorithm estimate was calculated retrospectively for a normal patient blood gas data set and the % error between the estimate and a cooximeter measurement correlated well with the patient P50 (r

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Grant, E. Kenneth, Robert Swidinsky, and John Vanderkamp. "Canadian Union-Nonunion Wage Differentials." ILR Review 41, no. 1 (1987): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979398704100108.

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Using extensive Canadian longitudinal data from the years 1969–71, the authors estimate union-nonunion wage differentials of 12–14 percent for 1969 and 13–16 percent for 1970. These estimates are not adjusted for selectivity because three different tests to identify selectivity yield no evidence of selectivity bias. The authors argue that although testing for selectivity is often essential, selectivity adjustments have resulted in greatly inflated estimates of union-nonunion wage differentials in some studies and should therefore be used with caution.

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Randle, William M. "Sampling Procedures to Estimate Flavor Potential in Onion." HortScience 27, no. 10 (1992): 1116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.10.1116.

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Twenty bulbs from each of 10 onion (AIlium cepa L.) cultivars and one mass population were harvested from two locations and evaluated for three traits associated with flavor quality. Variance components for soluble solids content (SSC), pyruvic acid concentration (PAC), and percent S were calculated, and sampling schemes required to detect specific differences among treatment means were determined. In general, a five-bulb sample and four replications were sufficient to detect desired differences for SSC and PAC, whereas percent S required a larger sample size and more replications.

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Israel, Richard G., Brenda S. Zamora, John M. Jakicic, Tibor Hortobágyi, Kevin F. O'brien, and Joseph E. Donnelly. "Number of trials of underwater weighing necessary to estimate percent body fat." Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation 5, no. 4 (1995): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15438629509512022.

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Bertomeu, Jeremy, Paul Ma, and Iván Marinovic. "How Often Do Managers Withhold Information?" Accounting Review 95, no. 4 (2019): 73–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-52619.

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ABSTRACT We estimate a dynamic model of voluntary disclosure, using annual management forecasts of earnings, that features a manager with price motives and an uncertain, but persistent, information endowment. Our estimates imply that: (1) managers face disclosure frictions 35 percent of the time; (2) conditional on being informed, managers withhold information 17 percent of the time; and (3) conditional on being silent, managers possess information 24 percent of the time. Managers' strategic withholding motives increase investors' uncertainty about earnings by 3 percent. We find that managers'

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Kawai, Kei, and Yasutora Watanabe. "Inferring Strategic Voting." American Economic Review 103, no. 2 (2013): 624–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.2.624.

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We estimate a model of strategic voting and quantify the impact it has on election outcomes. Because the model exhibits multiplicity of outcomes, we adopt a set estimator. Using Japanese general-election data, we find a large fraction (63.4 percent, 84.9 percent) of strategic voters, only a small fraction (1.4 percent, 4.2 percent) of whom voted for a candidate other than the one they most preferred (misaligned voting). Existing empirical literature has not distinguished between the two, estimating misaligned voting instead of strategic voting. Accordingly, while our estimate of strategic voti

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Hancock, Halley, Alan Jung, and John Petrella. "Self-estimation of Body Fat is More Accurate in College-age Males Compared to Females." International Journal of Exercise Science 5, no. 1 (2012): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.70252/zdrm5700.

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Objective: To determine the effect of gender on the ability to accurately estimate one’s own body fat percentage. Participants: Fifty-five college-age males and 99 college-age females Methods: Participants estimated their own body fat percent before having their body composition measured using a BOD POD. Participants also completed a modified Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS). Results: Estimated body fat was significantly lower compared to measured body fat percent in females (26.8±5.6% vs. 30.2±7.0%, p<0.001) but not in males (16.8±6.8% vs. 18.1±8.3%, p=0.09). The mean difference betwee

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Mas, Alexandre, and Amanda Pallais. "Labor Supply and the Value of Non-Work Time: Experimental Estimates from the Field." American Economic Review: Insights 1, no. 1 (2019): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20180070.

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We estimate the marginal value of non-work time (MVT) using a field experiment. We offered job applicants randomized wage-hour bundles. Choices over these bundles yield estimates of the MVT as a function of hours, tracing out a labor supply relationship. The substitution effect is positive. Individual labor supply is highly elastic at low hours and more inelastic at higher hours. For unemployed applicants, our preferred estimate of the average opportunity cost of a full-time job due to lost leisure and household production is 60 percent of after-tax marginal product, and 72 percent when includ

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Russo, Simone, Raffaele Migliorini, Marco Trabucco, and Francesco Saverio Mennini. "PP140 Cancer And The Burden For Social Security System. Is It Sustainable?" International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 34, S1 (2018): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462318002738.

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Introduction:The purpose of the study is to estimate both the number of beneficiaries and the burden of the Disability Insurance (DI) benefits provided for neoplastic diseases (ND) and for five cancer types, focusing on the expenditure by the social security system.Methods:To estimate the current DI benefits and their cost, we analyzed the databases of DI awards and the mean cost per benefit of the Italian National Social Security Institute (INPS) for two types of social security benefits: the disability benefits (DB) for people with reduced work ability and the incapacity pensions (IP) for pe

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Leightner, Jonathan, Tomoo Inoue, and Pierre Lafaye de Micheaux. "Variable Slope Forecasting Methods and COVID-19 Risk." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 10 (2021): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14100467.

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There are many real-world situations in which complex interacting forces are best described by a series of equations. Traditional regression approaches to these situations involve modeling and estimating each individual equation (producing estimates of “partial derivatives”) and then solving the entire system for reduced form relationships (“total derivatives”). We examine three estimation methods that produce “total derivative estimates” without having to model and estimate each separate equation. These methods produce a unique total derivative estimate for every observation, where the differ

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Soukkhamthat, Thanongsai, and Grace Wong. "Technical Efficiency Analysis of Small-scale Cassava Farming in Lao PDR." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development 13, no. 1 (2016): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37801/ajad2016.13.1.2.

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This study investigates returns of scale, estimates technical efficiency, and identifies the determinant factors of the efficiency of small-scale cassava farming in Vientiane and Savannakhet provinces, Lao PDR. Cross-sectional data on inputs, output, and farming characteristics from 193 cassava farmers were collected for this study. The maximum likelihood method is employed to estimate parameters, elasticity, and inefficiency scores using the stochastic frontier production function model. This study found that the elasticity of the mean value of cassava output is estimated to be an increasing

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Lundstrom, Samuel. "The Impact of Family Income on Child Achievement: Evidence from the Earned Income Tax Credit: Comment." American Economic Review 107, no. 2 (2017): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20150988.

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In a recent article in the American Economic Review, Dahl and Lochner (2012) use changes in the Earned Income Tax Credit to estimate the causal effect of family income on child achievement. Their instrumental variable (IV ) estimates imply that a $1,000 increase in income raises combined math and reading test scores by about 6 percent of a standard deviation. I document a variable coding error. Correcting this error reduces the IV estimates by 32 percent; correcting this error does not change the qualitative conclusions of the study. (JEL H24, H31, I21, I38, J13)

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Berdud, Mikel, Niklas Wallin-Bernhardsson, Bernarda Zamora, Peter Lindgren, and Adrian Towse. "PP170 Quantifying the Life-Cycle Value of Second Generation Antipsychotics." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 35, S1 (2019): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462319002666.

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IntroductionWe estimate the life-cycle value of risperidone – Second-Generation Antipsychotics (SGA) – to balance the view that cost per Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY) estimates at launch are enough to guide access decisions. Study results will also drive discussion on access and price to recognize the dynamic nature of pharmaceutical pricing over the long-run.MethodsWe estimated number of patients treated for schizophrenia with risperidone in Sweden and the United Kingdom (UK) between 1994-2017 based on usage data form national statistics and volume sales data from IQVIA. We collected data

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Bovenhuis, H., and J. I. Weller. "Mapping and analysis of dairy cattle quantitative trait loci by maximum likelihood methodology using milk protein genes as genetic markers." Genetics 137, no. 1 (1994): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/137.1.267.

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Abstract Maximum likelihood methodology was used to estimate effects of both a marker gene and a linked quantitative trait locus (QTL) on quantitative traits in a segregating population. Two alleles were assumed for the QTL. In addition to the effects of genotypes at both loci on the mean of the quantitative trait, recombination frequency between the loci, frequency of the QTL alleles and the residual standard deviation were also estimated. Thus six parameters were estimated in addition to the marker genotype means. The statistical model was tested on simulated data, and used to estimate direc

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