Academic literature on the topic 'Percentage Assay'
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Journal articles on the topic "Percentage Assay"
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Poon, Terence CW, Tony SK Mok, Anthony TC Chan та ін. "Quantification and Utility of Monosialylated α-Fetoprotein in the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Nondiagnostic Serum Total α-Fetoprotein". Clinical Chemistry 48, № 7 (2002): 1021–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/48.7.1021.
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Abstract Background: At concentrations <500 μg/L, serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) has low specificity in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but monosialylated AFP (msAFP) is more specific for HCC. We describe two strategies for quantitative analysis of msAFP and explore their diagnostic accuracy in cases of HCC with nondiagnostic serum total AFP concentrations. Methods: We first used isoelectric focusing, Western blot, and densitometry (IEF-Western blot assay). We then developed a second assay, a novel glycosylation immunosorbent assay (GISA), based on the specificity of sialyltransferase and immunosorbent technology. Both assays were used to measure msAFP and msAFP percentage relative to total AFP in sera with nondiagnostic AFP concentrations from 36 patients with newly diagnosed HCC and from 18 patients with liver cirrhosis. Results: The msAFP percentages and concentrations were significantly higher in the HCC patient group regardless of the quantification methods. The msAFP concentrations and msAFP percentages obtained by the two assays were highly correlated (r = 0.70 and 0.49, respectively). For discrimination of HCC with nondiagnostic serum total AFP from liver cirrhosis, the areas under the ROC curves were 0.81 (95% confidence interval, 0.70–0.92) for msAFP by IEF-Western blot assay, 0.73 (0.58–0.87) for msAFP by GISA, 0.89 (0.80–0.97) for msAFP percentage by IEF-Western blot assay, and 0.74 (0.59–0.89) for msAFP percentage by GISA. Conclusions: Both the serum concentration and percentage of msAFP are potential diagnostic markers for HCC with nondiagnostic AFP. GISA can quantify a specific glycoform of a serologic marker.
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Rybak, R., L. Faldikova, M. Faldyna, M. Machatkova, and J. Rubes. "Bull and boar sperm DNA integrity evaluated by sperm chromatin structure assay in the Czech Republic." Veterinární Medicína 49, No. 1 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5668-vetmed.
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Analysis of sperm parameters is very important for predicting the outcome of assisted reproductive techniques and is necessary for determination of fertility potential of males tested for artificial insemination. In our study we have determined the level of bull and boar sperm DNA damage by Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA). This test is based on increased susceptibility of altered DNA (strand breaks) in sperm nuclear chromatinto in situ denaturation measured by flow cytometry after staining with acridine orange (AO). Sperm chromatin damage was quantified by percentages of spermatozoa with detectable DNA Fragmentation Index – DFI divided into moderate (m-DFI) and high (h-DFI) DFI. Percentage of immature cells (HDS; cells with High DNA Stainability) was also evaluated. We measured sperm SCSA parameters in a total of 37 bulls in two groups from different localities and 68 boar samples from one locality. Significantly higher percentage of spermatozoa with detectable DFI was detected in six bulls (16.2%) and a significantly higher percentage of immature cell forms (HDS) was found in other six bulls (16.2%) among all tested bulls. The mean percentages of spermatozoa with h-DFI and HDS of bulls from the second group were statistically higher than those from the first group (P < 0.01). Five boars (7.4%) of all tested boars had significantly higher percentage of spermatozoa with DFI and 18 boars (26.5%) had significantly higher percentage of sperm with HDS compared to the other boars. Both percentages of spermatozoa with DFI and HDS were significantly higher in one boar compared to the others. Boars had significantly higher percentages of spermatozoa with h-DFI and HDS (P < 0.0001) in comparison to bulls. For individual bulls, the highest percentages of spermatozoa with DFI and HDS were 20.8% and 3.5%, respectively while for boars these were 17.6% and 10.2%, respectively. No significant correlations were found between percentages of spermatozoa with DFI and HDS. This sensitive procedure seems to be convenient as additional method for semen quality detection in farm animals before their exploitation in breeding.
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Nathan, David M., Amanda Griffin, Francesca M. Perez, Erica Basque, Lily Do, and Barbara Steiner. "Accuracy of a Point-of-Care Hemoglobin A1c Assay." Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 13, no. 6 (2019): 1149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1932296819836101.
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Point-of-care test (POCT) HbA1c assays provide rapidly available results for clinical decision-making. Accuracy and precision must be established. Venous blood samples from 300 patients were assayed for HbA1c by a laboratory technician (“laboratory assessment”) with the POCT Alere Afinion™ assay and a laboratory (Premier AffinityTM) assay. POCT results from 402 patients’ fingerstick samples assayed by nine nontechnician staff (“clinical assessment”) were compared with the laboratory assay. The laboratory assessment showed tight correlation ( r2= .977, P < .001) between the assays. Mean absolute and relative differences were 0.01 percentage points and 2.1%, respectively. CVs for the POCT and laboratory assays were <2% and <1%, respectively. The clinical assessment also showed a tight correlation between the assays ( r2= .978, P < .001), with mean absolute and relative differences of 0.2 percentage points and 3.41%, respectively. CV for the POCT assay was <2%. The POCT performed acceptably compared to the laboratory assay under realistic clinical conditions.
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Zavala H., Andrea, Emilio Hormazabal U., Gloria Montenegro R., et al. "Effects of extracts from Maytenus on Aegorhinus superciliosus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)." Revista Colombiana de Entomología 43, no. 2 (2017): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v43i2.5948.
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The insecticidal effects of five ethanolic extracts produced from three species of the genus Maytenus: M. boaria leaf (MBL), M. boaria bark (MBB), M. boaria seed (MBS), M. disticha leaf (MDL) and M. magellanica leaf (MML) were evaluated on the lady beetle Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and on the pest of berry Aegorhinus superciliosus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The anti-feeding effects of the extracts on the latter were also evaluated. Residual application was used, with five concentrations for each species of insect and ten replications of each assay. To evaluate anti-feeding action in adult A. superciliosus, choice (C) and no-choice (NC) experiments were established to determine the percentage of leaf area consumed. The assays lasted for 120 hours, with the mortality and anti-feeding effect monitored every 24 hours. The highest percentage of mortality in the two insect species was recorded with the MBS ethanolic extract: H. convergens presented 82 %, with LC50: 32 mg/ml; while A. superciliosus presented 85 % in the choice assay and 86 % in the no-choice assay, with LC50: 23 mg/ml. In both assays, the mortality increased with exposure time, reaching its highest at 120 hours. The lowest mortality was obtained with MBB extract in choice (C) and with MML extract in no-choice (NC) assays. In the choice assay, the highest percentage of leaf area consumed was recorded with MBB extract, while in the no-choice assay the highest percentage of consumed was with MML extract, which presented higher values even than the control with no application. The lowest leaf percentage consumed, in both assays, was recorded with MBS extract at the highest concentrations (20 and 30 % w/v).
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Park, Joonhong, Taewon Bae, Yonggon Cho, Dalsik Kim, and Jaehyeon Lee. "Analytical Performance of the Sysmex HISCL HBsAg Assay and Comparison with the Roche Elecsys HBsAg II Quant Assay in the Quantification of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen." Medicina 57, no. 12 (2021): 1307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57121307.
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Background and Objectives: This study aims to estimate the analytical performance of the Sysmex HISCL HBsAg assay and to assess the analytical correlation with the Roche Elecsys HBsAg II quant assay with clinical samples and the WHO International Standard (IS). Materials and Methods: The intra-assay precision, linearity, assay limitation, accuracy, and comparative evaluation of the HISCL HBsAg assay were estimated. Results: Extrapolating from the plot of the average total allowable error versus the reference value, an accuracy goal of 20% would be achieved around a limit of quantification (LoQ) of 0.014867 IU/mL. The percentage of biases for each level of the WHO IS measured by the two assays were less than 15%, except for the WHO 3rd IS, for which the HISCL HBsAg assay achieved a percentage of bias of 33%. In the comparative evaluation, Passing–Bablok regression analysis did not reveal any significant deviation from linearity between the two assays (y = −48.6998 + 1.9206x; p = 0.79 by the CUSUM test for linearity). The mean difference of the quantitative HBsAg level between the two assays was 1762.5 IU/mL in the Bland–Altman plot. Conclusions: The HISCL HBsAg assay, with a highly sensitive LoQ of 0.03 IU/mL, showed similar analytical performance in HBsAg quantification to the Elecsys HBsAg II quant assay and may be helpful in obtaining better diagnoses and therapeutic strategies for treating HBV infections.
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Blincko, Stuart, and Raymond Edwards. "Non-separation assay for glycohemoglobin." Clinical Chemistry 44, no. 6 (1998): 1302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/44.6.1302.
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Abstract The determination of glycohemoglobin [HbA1c, HbA1, or total glycohemoglobin (GHb)] has become an established procedure in the management of diabetes mellitus. Here, we describe the development of a simple, fluorescence, non-separation assay for the percentage of GHb (%GHb). The fluorescence of an eosin-boronic acid derivative when it was mixed with hemolysates of unwashed erythrocytes was quenched in proportion to the percentage of glycohemoglobin. Measurement of the fluorescence intensity gave an estimate of GHb in the sample, and measurement of light absorbance gave an estimate of total hemoglobin. A combination of the two measurements gave the assay response. Comparison with HPLC (Menarini-Arkray HA-8140 fully automated analyzer) for the percentage of HbA1 (%HbA1) gave %GHb(NETRIA) = 1.1(SD ±0.03)%HbA1 +0.6(SD ±0.3), Sy‖x = 0.821, r = 0.972, n = 80; comparison for HbA1c gave %GHb(NETRIA) = 1.3(SD ±0.04)%HbA1c + 1.8(SD ±0.3), Sy‖x = 0.813, r = 0.973, n = 80. Precision, estimated as the percentage of the CV of the %GHb assay results, was &lt;2% (intraassay, range 5–22% GHb) and &lt;4.2% (interassay, range 4–16% GHb). Dilution of a high-percentage GHb sample lysate showed that the assay was linear, and addition of glucose (60 mmol/L), bilirubin (250 μmol/L), and triglycerides (14 mmol/L) to low, medium, and high %GHb samples showed no clinical interference in assay results.
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Himabindu K and Vijayalakshmi A. "In-vitro Acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant activity of Ficus dalhousie and Melissa parviflora Benth." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (2021): 8065–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.4817.
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Ficus dalhousie and Melissa parviflora Benth both plants have been used as Tranquiliser, Relaxants, Nervine tonic and Calming aids throughout the world. The present study was aimed to identify the antioxidant potential of the Ethyl acetate and Hydro alcoholic extract of these plants by in vitro methods. Anti-Alzheimer activity of the plant extract were screened by Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and antioxidant by DPPH and Hydrogen oxide. The results of the assays were calculated by the percentage inhibition of these free radicals. In Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) assay inhibitory potentials of Ficus dalhousie exhibited 73.34 ± 1.12%, whereas in Melissa arviflora it was 86.88± 2.12%. In DPPH radical scavenging assay the percentage inhibition was 77.87 ± 2.02% in Ficus dalhousie and 76.92± 1.32% in Melissa arviflora. Hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay the percentage inhibition was 86.56 ± 1.05% in Ficus dalhousie and 80.75± 1.92% was in Melissa arviflora. In all the research assays, the extract showed a concentration dependent increase in free radical scavenging activity. The results revealed that the antioxidant effects of the plant extract might be due to the presence of phenol and flavonoid compounds.
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Nachreiner, R. F., S. J. Oschmann, L. E. Edqvist, and J. I. Richards. "Factors affecting skim milk progesterone assay results." American Journal of Veterinary Research 53, no. 7 (1992): 1085–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1992.53.7.1085.
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Summary Five studies were performed to determine factors affecting progesterone concentration in skim milk. Results of the first study indicated that progesterone concentration was higher in skim milk of samples kept 16 hours in an ice bath (0 C) than of those left at room temperature (21 C). In the second study, this temperature effect was found to be reversible, with skim milk progesterone concentration increasing when whole milk samples were cooled prior to centrifugation. In the third study, [3H]-labeled progesterone was used to determine the relationship between fat content of foremilk (the first milk obtained from the teats), midmilk (milk obtained midway through milking), and strippings (milk obtained immediately after milking machines have been removed) samples and temperature (4 C and 21 C) on the percentage of progesterone in the skim milk fraction. The relationship between percentage of butterfat and percentage of progesterone in skim milk was linear when the log of these variables was used for calculations. In the fourth study, assayable progesterone in the skim milk fraction of foremilk, midmilk, and strippings was affected by temperature. In the fifth study, a multiple-regression procedure was used to determine the amount of variation in percentage of radioactive progesterone in the skim milk - fraction. Independent variables (whole milk butterfat and temperature of incubation [1, 3, 13, 22, 37, and 50 C]) and the natural log of each variable, were entered into a step-wise multiple-regression analysis. The log of the temperature and percentage of butterfat of whole milk at the time of centrifugation accounted for 89.2% (r2 = 0.892) of the variation in the log of the progesterone concentration in the skim milk fractions. The equation describing this relationship was: log percentage of progesterone in the skim milk fraction = 4.046 — 0.144 × (log of temperature of whole milk sample) × 0.688 × (log percentage of butterfat in whole milk sample). The loss of progesterone from skim milk fractions of warm whole milk samples is possibly a physical phenomenon dependent on the temperature of the sample and its percentage of butterfat. A nomograph was created to allow others to use these variables in making adjustments in progesterone concentrations.
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Suhandynata, Raymond T., Melissa A. Hoffman, Michael J. Kelner, Ronald W. McLawhon, Sharon L. Reed, and Robert L. Fitzgerald. "Multi-Platform Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Serology Assays for the Detection of COVID-19." Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine 5, no. 6 (2020): 1324–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jalm/jfaa139.
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Abstract Background COVID-19 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel beta-coronavirus that is responsible for the 2019 coronavirus pandemic. Acute infections should be diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based tests, but serology tests can demonstrate previous exposure to the virus. Methods We compared the performance of the Diazyme, Roche, and Abbott SARS-CoV-2 serology assays using 179 negative participants to determine negative percentage agreement (NPA) and in 60 SARS-CoV-2 PCR-confirmed positive patients to determine positive percentage agreement (PPA) at 3 different time frames following a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR result. Results At ≥15 days, the PPA (95% CI) was 100 (86.3–100)% for the Diazyme IgM/IgG panel, 96.0 (79.7–99.9)% for the Roche total Ig assay, and 100 (86.3–100)% for the Abbott IgG assay. The NPA (95% CI) was 98.3 (95.2–99.7)% for the Diazyme IgM/IgG panel, 99.4 (96.9–100)% for the Roche total Ig assay, and 98.9 (96.0–99.9)% for the Abbott IgG assay. When the Roche total Ig assay was combined with either the Diazyme IgM/IgG panel or the Abbott IgG assay, the positive predictive value was 100% while the negative predictive value remained greater than 99%. Conclusions Our data demonstrates that the Diazyme, Roche, and Abbott SARS-CoV-2 serology assays have similar clinical performances. We demonstrated a low false-positive rate across all 3 platforms and observed that false positives observed on the Roche platform are unique compared to those observed on the Diazyme or Abbott assays. Using multiple platforms in tandem increases the PPVs, which is important when screening populations with low disease prevalence.
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Bergami, Federica, Francesca Arena, Eleonora Francesca Pattonieri, et al. "Performance of Whole Blood Stimulation Assays for the Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 Specific T-Cell Response: A Cross-Sectional Study." Diagnostics 12, no. 6 (2022): 1509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12061509.
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Since the identification of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a huge effort in terms of diagnostic strategies has been deployed. To date, serological assays represent a valuable tool for the identification of recovered COVID-19 patients and for the monitoring of immune response elicited by vaccination. However, the role of T-cell response should be better clarified and simple and easy to perform assays should be routinely introduced. The main aim of this study was to compare a home-made assay for whole blood stimulation with a standardized ELISpot assay design in our laboratory for the assessment of spike-specific T-cell response in vaccinated subjects. Even if a good correlation between the assays was reported, a higher percentage of responder subjects was reported for immunocompromised subjects with ELISpot assay (56%) than home-made whole blood stimulation assay (33%). Additionally, three commercial assays were compared with our home-made assay, reporting a good agreement in terms of both positive and negative results.
Book chapters on the topic "Percentage Assay"
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Pacheco, Patricia, Dévora Carrión, Sandy Gavilanes, and Mónica Espadero. "In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic and Acetonic Extracts of Curcuma longa Against Propionibacterium acnes (Cutibacterium acnes)." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87065-1_27.
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Abstract Throughout history, plants have been indispensable in the development of society due to their high content of bioactive substances, which are used in different industries such as food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics. Curcuma longa is a perennial species that belongs to the Zingiberaceae family, which is used for therapeutic purposes due to its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, among others. This research evaluates the antibacterial activity of ethanolic and acetonic extracts of Curcuma longa against Propionibacterium acnes, recently renamed Cutibacterium acnes, that has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of acne. Secondary metabolites were identified by phytochemical screening tests. Curcuminoids determination was carried out by using TLC (thin-layer chromatography) and the phenolic compounds were quantified by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer method with different treatments (50,75 and 100%) and broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The extracts showed the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins, confirming the presence of curcuminoids. In the quantification of phenolic compounds, no significant differences in their composition were observed. The treatment 100% of acetonic extract of Curcuma longa exhibited an inhibition percentage of 48.79% compared to the ethanolic ex tract 75% treatment, which reached 31.67%. Additionally, the acetonic extract showed a minimum inhibitory concentration of 15.62 µg/mL, while for the ethanolic extract, it was 31.25 µg/mL. These findings highlight the potential antibacterial activity of the acetonic extract against Cutibacterium acnes, which could make it a promising natural option for acne control.
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Surekha, MKL, CF Sharon, Sindhu Abraham, and K. Shwetha. "Nanoformulated Epigallocatechin Gallate for its Potential Management of Oral Squammous Cell Carcinoma." In Current Trends in Drug Discovery, Development and Delivery (CTD4-2022). Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781837671090-00376.
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Oral cancer is considered the most active cancer in oral cavity. Potentially malignant lesions in the oral epithelium can eventually develop into oral squamous cell carcinoma.Treating these lesions in the early stages could be an approach for early management of oral cancer. Green tea catechin, Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) has been reported to have anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activities. In the present work, oral gels containing nanosponges of EGCG were prepared. Nanosponges were formulated using different concentrations of PVA and evaluated for percentage yield, drug content, average particle size, polydispersibility index (PDI), zetapotential, and surface morphology. The nanosponges were then incorporated into mucoadhesive HPMC gel base to ease the application onto the oral lesions. These gels were further evaluated for pH, spreadability, viscosity, drug content and in-vitro drug permeation. The potential anti-cancer activity was studied on SCC-9 cell line using MTT assay. The drug content in the nanosponges and in the gel formulation was upto 96.25% and 96.59% respectively. The particle size determined by DLS was found to be 372.7nm with zeta potential of -19.89mV indicating good stability. Surface morphology as shown in SEM revealed the porous morphology of the nanosponges. In vitro drug permeation at the end of 6 h was 98.68%. MTT assay on SCC-9 cell line showed inhibitory activity of the formulation with 60.03µM as the IC50 value. The results of the study show promising potential of oral gels containing nanosponges of EGCG for the management of carcinogenic or potentially carcinogenic oral lesions.
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A. Lawal, Oladipupo, Kehinde O. Amisu, Rebamang A. Mosa, Foluso O. Osunsanmi, and Andy R. Opoku. "Melaleuca bracteata var. Revolution Gold (Myrtaceae) Essential Oil: Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Membrane Damage, Antiplatelet Aggregation and Antiacetylcholinesterase Activities." In Medicinal Plants - Chemical, Biochemical, and Pharmacological Approaches [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.113238.
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Melaleuca bracteata var. Revolution Gold (a cultivar of Melaleuca bracteata) is an ornamental plant, which has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases. Till moment, information is scanty on the biological activities of the essential oil from the plant. The water-distilled essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Antibacterial activity of the oil was evaluated by paper disc diffusion and micro-dilution methods. Cell membrane damage was assay using cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase released method. Platelet aggregation inhibitory activity was separately evaluated on Adenosine diphosphate, collagen, epinephrine and thrombin induced aggregation. Thirteen components representing 95.3% of the total oil were identified from the essential oil. Phenylpropanoids (82.9%) constitute the predominant class of compounds in the oil. On the whole, the oil displayed strong antibacterial action towards Staphylococcus aureus, moderate activity on Bacillus cereus and some strains of Escherichia coli. The lactate dehydrogenase released (0.78–47%) depicted the oil to exhibit low levels of membrane damage. The percentage platelet aggregation inhibition for the four platelet agonists was concentration dependent with thrombin > collagen > ADP > epi-nephrine. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (9.16%) indicated that the essential oil was not effective against the enzyme.
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Bellon, Patrícia Paula, and Marina Ferreira Rosa Cemin. "Efficacy of alternative and biological insecticides on Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in corn grains." In CONNECTING EXPERTISE MULTIDISCIPLINARY DEVELOPMENT FOR THE FUTURE. Seven Editora, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/connexpemultidisdevolpfut-118.
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The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of alternative and biological insecticides on the population of Sitophilus zeamais in corn grains. The research was conducted in a completely randomized design, containing five treatments, diatomaceous earth (750 g/t), neem oil (10 ml/L), Beauveria bassiana (20 g/L) and smoke (10 ml/L), and nine replicates, each assay consisting of 20 adults. To evaluate the insecticidal activity, samples of corn grains were placed in plastic pots submitted to treatments. The insecticides were sprinkled and sprayed on the corn grains and later, each sample was infested with 20 adults of Sitophilus zeamais, unsexed, aged between 10 and 15 days. Insect mortality was evaluated at 48, 96, 144 and 240 h after application. The total mortality of the insects was corrected by the formula of Schneider Orelli. Afterwards, the data were submitted to the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test at a significance level of 5%. With significant differences between treatments, the medians were compared by Dunn's test at 5% probability of error. Only the insecticide diatomaceous earth showed a significant effect on the mortality of Sitophilus zeamais for the third day (5.56%) and the sixth day (84.21%) of exposure of the product. The treatments neem, smoke and Beauveria bassiana, did not interfere in the mortality of the insect, not differing statistically from the control in any of the evaluation dates. The diatomaceous earth product showed higher efficiency on Sitophilus zeamais, reaching a percentage of 89.77% of mortality on insects.
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Ishikawa, Angélica Tiemi, Estéfany Santos Redondo, Cassia Reika Takabayashi Yamashita, et al. "VALIDATION AND ANALYSIS OF AFLATOXIN B1 BY INDIRECT COMPETITIVE ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY IN URINE SAMPLES FROM CHILDREN IN LONDRINA, PARANÁ STATE, BRAZIL." In Science and Connections: The Interdependence of Disciplines. Seven Editora, 2025. https://doi.org/10.56238/sevened2024.037-054.
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Aflatoxins (AFs), secondary metabolites produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus spp., are recognized worldwide as a public health problem due to their potent carcinogenic, hepatotoxic, and immunosuppressive effect. Aflatoxin contamination in children is of particular concern given the negative impacts on health, development, and quality of life. The objective of this study was to validate the indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) for the analysis of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in urine, as well as to evaluate the level of this mycotoxin in 150 urine samples from children living in Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil. The analytical performance parameters evaluated in the validation included specificity (matrix interference and comparison of curves with and without matrix), accuracy (recovery test), precision (repeatability and intermediate precision), robustness, sensitivity, linearity, limit of detection (LD) and limit of quantification (LQ). In the intralaboratory validation, matrix interference was analyzed with dilution factors of 2, 5 and 10 times, and the 5-fold dilution was selected to proceed. The standard curves prepared in the presence and absence of a matrix did not show significant differences in the percentage of linkage between the six points analyzed (p > 0.05). The average recovery rate for urine samples contaminated with AFB1 at concentrations of 1.0; 2.5 and 5.0 ng/mL were 100.00 ± 8.71%, 90.00 ± 2.00%, and 93.66 ± 1.52%, respectively. The coefficients of variation of the precision parameters were less than 15%. The regression equation obtained from seven standard curves was y=−14.89ln(x)+61.234y = -14.89 \ln(x) + 61.234y=−14.89ln(x)+61.234, with a coefficient of determination (R²) greater than 0.99. The LD was 0.096 ng/mL and the LQ was 0.115 ng/mL. AFB1 was detected in 39.3% of the samples analyzed, with concentrations ranging from 0.13 to 9.40 ng/mL and an average of 1.63 ± 1.57 ng/mL. Based on the results obtained, the validated ic-ELISA proved to be adequate for the determination of AFB1 in infant urine. Preliminary data suggest that the level of aflatoxin contamination in children in the region of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, is low.
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Ishikawa, Angélica Tiemi, Estéfany Santos Redondo, Cassia Reika Takabayashi Yamashita, et al. "VALIDATION AND ANALYSIS OF AFLATOXIN B1 BY INDIRECT COMPETITIVE ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY IN URINE SAMPLES FROM CHILDREN IN LONDRINA, PARANÁ STATE, BRAZIL." In Science and Connections: The Interdependence of Disciplines. Seven Editora, 2025. https://doi.org/10.56238/sevened2024.037-218.
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Aflatoxins (AFs), secondary metabolites produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus spp., are recognized worldwide as a public health problem due to their potent carcinogenic, hepatotoxic, and immunosuppressive effect. Aflatoxin contamination in children is of particular concern given the negative impacts on health, development, and quality of life. The objective of this study was to validate the indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) for the analysis of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in urine, as well as to evaluate the level of this mycotoxin in 150 urine samples from children living in Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil. The analytical performance parameters evaluated in the validation included specificity (matrix interference and comparison of curves with and without matrix), accuracy (recovery test), precision (repeatability and intermediate precision), robustness, sensitivity, linearity, limit of detection (LD) and limit of quantification (LQ). In the intralaboratory validation, matrix interference was analyzed with dilution factors of 2, 5 and 10 times, and the 5-fold dilution was selected to proceed. The standard curves prepared in the presence and absence of a matrix did not show significant differences in the percentage of linkage between the six points analyzed (p > 0.05). The average recovery rate for urine samples contaminated with AFB1 at concentrations of 1.0; 2.5 and 5.0 ng/mL were 100.00 ± 8.71%, 90.00 ± 2.00%, and 93.66 ± 1.52%, respectively. The coefficients of variation of the precision parameters were less than 15%. The regression equation obtained from seven standard curves was y=−14.89ln(x)+61.234y = -14.89 \ln(x) + 61.234y=−14.89ln(x)+61.234, with a coefficient of determination (R²) greater than 0.99. The LD was 0.096 ng/mL and the LQ was 0.115 ng/mL. AFB1 was detected in 39.3% of the samples analyzed, with concentrations ranging from 0.13 to 9.40 ng/mL and an average of 1.63 ± 1.57 ng/mL. Based on the results obtained, the validated ic-ELISA proved to be adequate for the determination of AFB1 in infant urine. Preliminary data suggest that the level of aflatoxin contamination in children in the region of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, is low.
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Wille, Maria Christina, Luciana Bicca Dode, Vera Lúcia Bobrowski, and Beatriz Helena Gomes Rocha. "Effect of zinc on germination and early development of lettuce CV. Mimosa meadow." In UNITING KNOWLEDGE INTEGRATED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FOR GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT. Seven Editora, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/uniknowindevolp-100.
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The Micronutrients perform numerous metabolic functions, and the deficiency of minerals such as zinc is considered a worldwide public health problem. The evolution of knowledge about the importance of micronutrients has increased the interest in obtaining foods capable of fully meeting human nutritional needs. Agronomic biofortification of food emerges as part of the solution to this problem, contributing to the supply of micronutrients. For this experiment lettuce was chosen because it is one of the most consumed leafy vegetables with high nutritional value. The experiment was conducted at the Capão do Leão Campus of the Federal University of Pelotas, using cv lettuce seeds. mimosa meadow and had the following objectives: to determine the effects of different concentrations of ZnSO4 on germination, in addition to analyzing the potential for biofortification of seeds through soaking in solutions of different concentrations of ZnSO4. Three assays were performed: one with application of zinc solution in the substrate, and two assays of soaking the seeds in solutions containing different concentrations of ZnSO4, for 2 hours or 16 hours. From these tests, the germination percentage, fresh mass of the seedlings and germination speed index (GSI) were analyzed. Data were submitted to statistical analysis using Tukey's test with ANOVA (p ≤ 0.05). The germination potential of seeds soaked for 2 hours or 16 hours in the different treatments was not affected in the Zn concentrations studied.
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Mueller, Christian. "Diagnosis and risk stratification of acute coronary syndromes." In ESC CardioMed, edited by Stefan James. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0310.
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Detailed clinical assessment including vital signs; physical examination; a thorough patient history including chest pain characteristics, the electrocardiogram, and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin; and cardiac imaging are the four pillars in the early diagnosis and risk stratification of patients presenting with a suspected myocardial infarction. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays for the first time allowed the precise quantification of cardiomyocyte injury around the 99th percentile and thereby substantially increased the accuracy of myocardial infarction detection from blood obtained at presentation to the emergency department. Higher accuracy at emergency department presentation enabled the development and extensive validation of early high-sensitivity cardiac troponin-based diagnostic algorithms, which substantially reduced the time required for the safe rule-out or rule-in of myocardial infarction. More rapid rule-out and rule-in of myocardial infarction provides substantial medical value to patients, physicians, and institutions.
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Mueller, Christian. "Diagnosis and risk stratification of acute coronary syndromes." In ESC CardioMed, edited by Stefan James. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0310_update_001.
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Detailed clinical assessment including vital signs; physical examination; a thorough patient history including chest pain characteristics, the 12-lead electrocardiogram, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin, and cardiac imaging are the four pillars in the early diagnosis and risk stratification of patients presenting with a suspected myocardial infarction. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays allow the precise quantification of cardiomyocyte injury around the 99th percentile and thereby substantially increase the accuracy of myocardial infarction detection from blood obtained at presentation to the emergency department. Higher accuracy at emergency department presentation enabled the development and extensive validation of early high-sensitivity cardiac troponin-based diagnostic algorithms, which substantially reduced the time required for the safe rule-out or rule-in of myocardial infarction. More rapid rule-out and rule-in of myocardial infarction provides substantial medical value to patients, physicians, and institutions.
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Irie, Mami, and Tomomi Sugiyama. "Potential of anaerobic digestates in suppressing soil-borne plant disease." In Organic Fertilizers - New Advances and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1001869.
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This study was designed to assess the suppressive effects of various anaerobically digested slurries (ADSs), and the microorganisms inhabiting them, against Fusarium wilt in spinach. We used five different ADSs from a range of source materials (dairy cow manure, sewage sludge, food garbage, pig manure, night soil sludge), combined in different proportions. All five raw ADSs suppressed the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae (Fos) on agar plates using a co-culture test. In contrast, filtrate ADSs did not suppress the growth of Fos. In total, 32 bacterial strains were isolated from five ADSs, and eight isolates showed antagonistic activities against Fos. Based on 16S rDNA sequences, the strain AD-3 isolated from ADS from dairy cow manure belonged to Bacillus velezensis. Genome analysis revealed that AD-3 had two kinds of genes related to the production of the non-ribosomal lipopeptides, fengycin/plipastatin (pps genes), and surfactin (srf genes). In pot assays, inoculation of AD-3 (1.0 × 106 CFU·g −1 dry soil) into Fos-infected soil (1.0 × 105 bud-cells·g −1 dry soil) significantly reduced the severity of Fusarium wilt disease at 28 d after seedling. The percentage reductions in disease severity in two replicates were 64.3% and 44.3%, respectively. Thus, bacterial strain AD-3 could be applied to reduce Fusarium wilt in spinach.
Conference papers on the topic "Percentage Assay"
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Patel, Ishan, Gheorghe Bota, and David Young. "Evaluation of Reactive Sulfur for Improved Corrosion Predictions in Oil Refineries." In CONFERENCE 2022. AMPP, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2022-18039.
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Abstract Refinery operators rely on total sulfur (TS) content (wt.% S) and total acid number (TAN), reported in crude oil assays, to predict high temperature corrosion rates by organosulfur species and naphthenic acids. The sulfur exists in a variety of forms in crude oil, associated with particular molecular moieties; from the standpoint of corrosion, these are grouped into reactive (sulfide and mercaptan) and non-reactive (thiophenic) species. According to an industrial rule-of-thumb, only 1/3 of the TS is considered as reactive sulfur (RS) and, hence, this value, together with TAN, is typically used as input in corrosion models for prediction of corrosion rates. It was hypothesized in this research work that the prediction of a corrosion model should improve if experimentally measured reactive sulfur values were used as an input in modeling instead of employing the 1/3 rule-of-thumb. To measure the percentage of reactive sulfur in a given crude oil, sulfur species were separated into reactive and non-reactive fractions, for 10 vacuum gas oils (VGOs), by an Ag+-ligand exchange chromatography method. The concentrations of separated reactive and non-reactive sulfur fractions were measured by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). The sulfur separation method was validated beforehand, using model oil solutions of known concentration of corrosive and non-corrosive model sulfur compounds. Model corrosion rate simulations for the VGOs were performed using as input the experimentally determined reactive sulfur values and the 1/3 rule of thumb for the reported total sulfur content. The comparison of experimental data with model simulations showed the predictions improved for 5 out of the 10 VGOs when experimental values of RS were used as input.
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Sabah Jassim, Tabarak. "Comparison of Cytomegalovirus Diagnosis Methods in Iraqi Aborted Women." In XII. International Scientific Congress of Pure, Applied and Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2024. https://doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress12-10.
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous member of the Herpes viridian family, subfamily Beta herpes. CMV is the major infectious cause of congenital infection and hearing loss in children as well as an important pathogen in immune compromised patients. Aim of Study: The current research aims to compare between Enzyme Immunoassay and Chemi-Luminescence assay in CMV infected aborted women. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted during the period from August 2023 to April 2024. Sixty blood serum were collected and divided into two groups, thirty blood serum were collected from aborted women, and thirty healthy women as a control group. Ethical approval has been warranted by the Ministry of Health (No. 4790 dated 27\11\2023). Results: The results revealed that anti-CMV IgG was high in both Chemi-Luminescence assay and Enzyme Immunoassay test, but the Chemi-Luminescence assay percent was increased by 23% and anti-CMV IgM percent was 10%, ages 20-30 years old represented the largest percentage (66.5%) of observed abortions by Enzyme Immunoassay test and 63.7% for Chemi-Luminescence assay, and single abortion had ratio by both assay. Conclusion: Chemi-Luminscence assay could be used for ideal detection of CMV associated abortion in Iraqi women
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Vinazzer, H., and U. Pangraz. "HEPARIN COFACTOR II: A SIMPLE ASSAY METHOD." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644349.
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A photometric assay method for heparin cofactor II (HC II) is described. In a first step antithrombin III (AT III) in plasma is blocked by an anti human AT III immunoglobuline from goats. After dilution of this plasma with Tris buffer pH 8.4 containing 3 IU/ml heparin and addition of thrombin the remaining thrombin activity is measured by use of the chromogenic substrate S-2238 Kabi. The following preliminary experiments were carried out: Variation of the amount of anti-AT III added to plasma resulted in complete inactivation of 1.25 units AT III by 1.0 ml of the inhibitor. Incubation of 1 ml anti AT III with 1 ml purified AT III ( 1 U/ml} or with 1 ml normal plasma completely abolished AT III activity within 60 sec. Incubation of the reaction mixture with thrombin resulted in maximum inactivation after 180 sec. This is in contrast to AT III activated by heparin which immediately inactivates thrombin. Anti-Xa activity after depletion of AT III was assayed in a similar way by addition of factor Xa to the reaction mixture and measuring the remaining Xa activity by the substrate S-2222. In these tests no anti Xa-activity was found after AT III depletion. From these experiments there was assumed that the anti thrombin activity measured under the following conditions was due to the action of HC II:Plasma ( 50 μl) was mixed with anti AT III (50 μl) and was incubated for 60 sec. Tris buffer with heparin pH 8.4 (900 μl) was added. From this mixture 200 μl was pipetted into a cuvette at 37°C followed by 200 μl thrombin ( 2 IU/ml). After an incubation time of 180 sec 200 μl S-2238 ( 2 mmol/1) was added and the difference in OD/min was determined at 405 nm. A calibration curve was made by series of dilutions of normal AT III depleted plasma from 20 healthy individuals. The following preliminary results ofrHC II activity as a percentage were obtained:
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Luche, DD. "SARS-COV-2 NT-CHIP, A NOVEL FUNCTIONAL MULTIPLEX IMMUNOASSAY FOR SARS-COV-2 EVALUATION OF HUMORAL RESPONSE AND DETECTION OF NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES." In Resumos do 54º Congresso Brasileiro de Patologia Clínica/Medicina Laboratorial. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.140s1.7075.
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Objective: Here we present the initial development and characterization of the Sars-CoV-2 NT-Chip. This test allows combining general detection of binding antibodies against RBDs (humoral signature) and, in the same assay, to detect and quantify the subset of these antibodies that promote functional neutralization against Sars-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, high detection of antibodies against N suggests previous infection for Omicron-positive samples. Method: The Sars-CoV-2 VOC Virachip IgG test was first developed to promote a multiplex detection of binding antibodies against the Sars-CoV-2 proteins N (nucleocapsid), S1 (spike fragment S1), S2 (spike fragment S2) and RBDs from Wuhan virus (RBD), Delta VOC (RBD-d) and Omicron VOC (RBD-o). This test was modified and further developed to incorporate the competence of evaluating the effectiveness of neutralization promoted by the antibodies binding to the various RBDs, notably determining the percentage of inhibition of neutralizing antibodies with affinity to the Omicron variant. To achieve this goal, a purified ACE-2 Alkaline-Phophatase conjugate was incorporated into the assay and its binding to RBD-coated wells of the microarrays was measured. Subsequently, the presence of neutralizing antibodies in the sera or plasma was assessed for its capability of preventing such interaction, hence allowing us to detect and quantify nAbs. Conclusion: Currently, the goal is to determine efficacy of vaccines and the duration and magnitude of the humoral responses against different VOCs in patients with Sars-CoV-2 infection or after vaccination. It is our understanding that this assay brings a valuable tool for evaluation of serological surveillance, immunological protection, and new vaccine strategies.
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Wang, Y., LY Xiao, HH Lin, and P. Hsueh. "MULTIPLEX PCR PANEL IMPROVES THE DETECTION AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF RESPIRATORY TRACT PATHOGENS IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS." In Resumos do 55º Congresso Brasileiro de Patologia Clínica/Medicina Laboratorial. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s2.7528.
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Objective: The infection of respiratory tract pathogens may extend the inpatient days of hospitalized patients. However, the excessive usage of antibiotics leads to pathogens which acquired resistance. Hence, the quick and precision detection of the types and antibiotic sensitivity of causative agents for hospitalized patients is essential. Nowadays, the diagnostic approaches include standard culture, molecular typing and antigen detection. However, the current analytics is limited by low sensitivity and long turnaround times. In this study, we utilized the BioFire FilmArray pneumonia panel (PN panel) to compare the performance with standard testes in hospitalized patients. Method: We analyzed the targeted pathogens and antimicrobial resistance markers by PN panel from hospitalized patients. Subsequently, we compared the detection results with those of culture methods and antibiotics susceptibility testing. Conclusion: The endotracheal aspirates and sputum specimens came from 806 hospitalized patients, 476 patients (59%) were positive by PN panel assay and multiple pathogens were detected by PN panel in 241 patients (29.9%). The panel detected A. calcoaceticus-baumannii complex and P. aeruginosa most frequently, followed by K. pneumoniae group, S. aureus and E. coil. We further analyzed 145 patients with the expression of antimicrobial resistance markers. The percentage of the pathogens were detected both in PN panel assay and standard culture was 51.7% (75/145). Moreover, the antibiotics susceptibility testing from 65 patients (44.8%) were actually concordance with antimicrobial resistance gene expression. Besides, the numbers of pathogens from PN panel in 102 patients (70.3%) were higher than from standard culture. The more detected pathogens from PN panel may remind the further investigating antibiotic sensitivity and provide the considerable prescription of antibiotics.
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El-Mongy, Sayed A., K. M. Allam, and Osama M. Farid. "An Innovative Non-Destructive and Computational Method for Uranium Activity and Enrichment Verification of UF6 Cylinder." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89792.
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Verification of 235U enrichment in uranium hexaflouride (UF6) cylinders is often achieved by destructive and non-destructive assay techniques. These techniques are time consuming, need suitable and similar standard, in addition to loss of the nuclear material in the case of destructive analysis. This paper introduce an innovative approach for verifying of 235U enrichment in UF6 cylinder. The approach is based on measuring dose rate (μSv/h) resulted from the emmitted gamma rays of 235U at the surface of the cylinder and then calculating the activity of uranium and enrichment percentage inside the cylinder by a three dimensional model. Attenuation of the main 235U gamma transitions due to the cylinder wall (5A Type of Ni alloy) was also caculated and corrected for. The method was applied on UF6 cylinders enriched with 19.75% of 235U. The calculated enrichment was found to be 18% with 9% uncertainty. By the suggested method, the calculated total uranium activity inside one of the investigated UF6 cylinder was found close to the target (certified) value (5.6 GBq) with 9% uncertainty. The method is being developed by taking into consideration other parameters.
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Aviles-Ramos, Cuauhtemoc. "Development of a Thermal Equilibrium Prediction Algorithm." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22542.
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A thermal equilibrium prediction algorithm is developed and tested using a heat conduction model and data sets from calorimetric measurements. The physical model used in this study is the exact solution of a system of two partial differential equations that govern the heat conduction in the calorimeter. A multi-parameter estimation technique is developed and implemented to estimate the effective volumetric heat generation and thermal diffusivity in the calorimeter measurement chamber, and the effective thermal diffusivity of the heat flux sensor. These effective properties and the exact solution are used to predict the heat flux sensor voltage readings at thermal equilibrium. Thermal equilibrium predictions are carried out considering only 20% of the total measurement time required for thermal equilibrium. A comparison of the predicted and experimental thermal equilibrium voltages shows that the average percentage error from 330 data sets is only 0.1%. The data sets used in this study come from calorimeters of different sizes that use different kinds of heat flux sensors. Furthermore, different nuclear material matrices were assayed in the process of generating these data sets. This study shows that the integration of this algorithm into the calorimeter data acquisition software will result in an 80% reduction of measurement time. This reduction results in a significant cutback in operational costs for the calorimetric assay of nuclear materials.
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Aluvihara, Suresh, C. S. Kalpage, and P. W. S. K. Bandaranayake. "The elementary characterization of anthill clay for composite materials." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.i.2.
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Anthill clay is a distinct soil/clay genre among common soil types because of the extraordinary stockpiling method. The small particles are carried in and erected an anthill by a small creature that it is called as termite. In generally, clay is a conspicuous raw material for industrial applications greatly and the assay of expediencies of anthill clay for advanced material applications were the prospects of the existing research. Carefully collected anthill clay samples were characterized under the physically and chemically using standard procedures and instruments. The mechanical characteristics of prepared bricks from anthill clays under 8000C were investigated. As the major outcomes of the existing investigation of raw clays, there were looked to 5.56 of PH value, 15% of natural moisture content, gap graded and symmetrically distributed arrangement of grains, 60% finer particle percentage (<0.075mm) according to the weight, composition of Fe, Ti, Ba and K based compounds including Fe minerals with large sorption capacity for other metals. In addition that 25% of water absorption, 2.62 of bulk specific gravity, 65% of apparent porosity, 21 Mpa compressive strength and 0.4 Mpa splitting tensile strength were observed with respect to the bricks which were prepared from the anthill clay. Based on the behaviors of such anthill clay it should be an influential material in the advanced material manufacturing in the industrial purposes such as the water treatments, rigid materials, catalysts and refractors.
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Alzua, Brian, Mark Smith, and Yan Chen. "A Flow Cytometry Method for Characterizing Platelet Activation." In 2020 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2020-9070.
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Abstract Hemocompatibility testing is critical for assessing the safety of blood-contacting medical devices. Comprehensive hemocompatibility testing requires examining a wide range of possible adverse effects cause by direct or indirect blood contact, such as hemolysis, complement activation, and thrombus formation [1]. Moreover, these domains each encompass complex intercellular processes with many potential targets for analysis. For example, the current testing paradigm of platelet function may involve exposing the device to human whole blood and performing simple blood counts and/or macroscopic evaluation to determine the extent of platelet activation and clot formation as described in ASTM F2888-19. However, this approach does not capture any observations for device-mediated initiation of any steps in the platelet activation pathway prior to aggregation. We have validated a method to evaluate platelet activation by quantifying surface p-selectin expression after exposure to various materials. This method will provide an additional level of detail about potential platelet activating properties of a medical device. Flow cytometry has been used previously to measure platelet activation for clinical and research purposes. We sought to adapt this method to test for platelet activation induced by exposure of blood to medical devices or materials. We determined that processing fresh whole blood to platelet-rich plasma (PRP) by gentle centrifugation enhanced the signal compared to fresh blood itself. In each experiment, devices were exposed to PRP according to an extraction ratio of 6 cm2/mL for 1 hour. A blank control consisting of untreated PRP, and a positive control consisting of ADP, a potent agonist, were also used. After the exposure, excess plasma was removed from the articles and combined with anti-CD61 (to stain for platelets) and anti-CD62P (to stain for activated platelets) antibodies. Flow cytometry was then performed to quantify the percentage of CD62P+ over the total CD61+ cells to measure the percentage of activated platelets. In order to optimize the method, we investigated the effect of several experimental factors, including anticoagulant usage, donor variability, and selection of reference materials to serve as controls. Our results indicate that the flow cytometry-based method is consistent and reproducible, quick and easy to perform, and is well-correlated with results from the standard platelet and leukocyte count assay. The flow cytometry-based platelet activation method is a powerful supplement to the standard regimen of medical device hemocompatibility testing.
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Metzelaar, M. J., H. K. Nieuwenhuis, and J. J. Sixma. "DETECTION OF ACTIVATED PLATELETS WITH MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643829.
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Blood tests reflecting in-vivo activation of platelets are potentially useful in evaluating patients with thrombotic diseases. Recently monoclonal antibodies have been described that react preferentially with activated platelets. We prepared an IgG2b antibody, designated RUU-AP 2.28, that reacted with a 53.000 MW protein that is located in a special subclass of platelet granules in unstimulated platelets and that is exposed on the surface of activated platelets. Increased numbers of platelets that expressed the 2.28 antigen on their surface were observed in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass and in patients with acute deep venous thrombosis. The percentage of RUU-AP 2.28 positive platelets in the circulation was 3,9 ± 2.7 (SD)% in the controls, (n = 20), 24.6 ± 13.5% in patients after cardiopulmonary surgery (n = 10) and 8.5% in patients with acute deep venous thrombosis (n = 2).In order to detect also earlier stages of platelet activation, such as secretion-independent phenomena, we produced new monoclonal antibodies by fusing spleen cells from Balb/c mice, immunized with thrombin stimulated, paraformaldehyde fixed platelets, with Ag 8653 myeloma cells. As a screening assay we used an ELISA with freshly fixed platelets or fixed thrombin-activated platelets. We detected six monoclonal antibodies (RUU-AP 1-6) specific for thrombin-activated platelets. The results of the ELISA were confirmed by flow cytofluorometry.None of the antibodies inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen or ristocetin. Ascites of IgGl antibody RUU-AP 3 reacted with normal thrombin-activated platelets but did not react with thrombin-activated platelets from a patient with Glanzmann’s disease. In addition antibody RUU-AP 3 reacted with normal platelets stimulated with 1 pM of ADP. These data suggest that antibody RUU-AP 3 detects a secretion-independent conformational change in the platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex.
Reports on the topic "Percentage Assay"
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Thongtan, Thananya, Poonlarp Cheepsunthorn, and Kiat Ruxrungtham. An analysis and studies expression of receptor molecule on microglia cells to inhibits infection of the cells from Japanese encephalitis virus : Research report (Year 2009). Chulalongkorn University, 2009. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2009.14.
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Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is a major cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. Even though the principle target cells for JEV in the central nervous system are neurons, the microglia is activated in response to JEV infection. This research aimed to investigate the relationship between JEV and microglial cells. The percentage of JEV infectivity in mouse microglial (BV-2) cell line at 8, 15 and 24 hr post infection was determined by flow cytometry. It was found that the percentage of infected cells were approximately 53.5, 71.3 and 83.6 respectively. The JEV binding protein (s) expressed on the surface of BV-2 cells was also identified. Using One dimensional and Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to separate the membrane proteins, we later identified the 43 kDa laminin receptor precursor protein as a JEV binding protein by virus overlay protein binding assay (VOPBA) followed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). This newly identified JEV binding protein was further characterized by infection inhibition assay. BV-2 cells were mock-infected or infected with JEV in the presence of either 0 (control), 5,10 and 20 μg anti-laminin receptor antibody or 20 μg soluble laminin. The percentage of inhibition of JEV infection was determined by flow cytometry. Results showed a dose dependent pattern of inhibition in the presence of anti-laminin receptor antibody, determined at 15 hr post infection, compared to non-relevant antibody and control. Taken together, 43 kDa laminin receptor precursor protein is verified as JEV putative receptor on mouse microglial cell surface.
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จันทร์เจ้า, จันทร์เพ็ญ. องค์ประกอบทางเคมีและแอกทิวิตีทางชีวภาพของผลิตภัณฑ์ผึ้งจากผึ้งโพรง (Apis cerana) และชันโรง (Tetragonula laeviceps). จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2013. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2013.42.
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In this research, it was focused on the anti-proliferation of cancer cells and the anti-agglutination of human blood cell infected by H1 N1 virus (AHB) of honey and AHB of propolis from Tetragonula laeviceps. Honey (90 g) was extracted by 96% EtOH and H20 resulting in CHE and CHW, respectively, Later, it was tested against the proliferation of 5 cancer cell lines (BT474, Chago, Hep-G2, KATO-III, and SW620) and CH-liver as normal cell by MTT assay. The data was estimated from the average of percentage of cell viability (PS) and statistically analysed by SPSS statistics 17.0. The result showed that PS of CHE and CHW were closed. After partition, CHH gave the best activity. However, after being purified by quick column chromatography, 6 fractions contained no activity. Furthermore, for AHB, hemagglutination inhibition assay was used. It presented that both CHE and CHW had no AHB activity. In addition, after partition, all CHM, CHD, and CHH still had no ABH activity. Instead, propolis was focused. Both CPE and CPW still had no ABH activity. Thus, it could be concluded that 1) anti-proliferation compounds had synergistic effect to each other so more purification decreased the activity. 2) Crude extracts of bee products from T. laeviceps had no ABH activity at all.
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Landau, Sergei Yan, John W. Walker, Avi Perevolotsky, Eugene D. Ungar, Butch Taylor, and Daniel Waldron. Goats for maximal efficacy of brush control. United States Department of Agriculture, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7587731.bard.
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Background. Brush encroachment constitutes a serious problem in both Texas and Israel. We addressed the issue of efficacy of livestock herbivory - in the form of goat browsing - to change the ecological balance to the detriment of the shrub vegetation. Shrub consumption by goats is kept low by plant chemical defenses such as tannins and terpenes. Scientists at TAES and ARO have developed an innovative, cost-effective methodology using fecal Near Infrared Spectrometry to elucidate the dietary percentage of targeted, browse species (terpene-richredberry and blueberry juniper in the US, and tannin-rich Pistacialentiscus in Israel) for a large number of animals. The original research objectives of this project were: 1. to clarify the relative preference of goat breeds and the individual variation of goats within breeds, when consuming targeted brush species; 2. to assess the heritability of browse intake and validate the concept of breeding goat lines that exhibit high preference for chemically defended brush, using juniper as a model; 3. to clarify the relative contributions of genetics and learning on the preference for target species; 4. to identify mechanisms that are associated with greater intake of brush from the two target species; 5. to establish when the target species are the most vulnerable to grazing. (Issue no.5 was addressed only partly.) Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: Both the Israel and US scientists put significant efforts into improving and validating the technique of Fecal NIRS for predicting the botanical composition of goat diets. Israeli scientists validated the use of observational data for calibrating fecal NIRS, while US scientists established that calibrations could be used across animals differing in breed and age but that caution should be used in making comparisons between different sexes. These findings are important because the ability to select goat breeds or individuals within a breed for maximal efficiency of brush control is dependent upon accurate measurement of the botanical composition of the diet. In Israel it was found that Damascus goats consume diets more than twice richer in P. lentiscus than Mamber or Boer goats. In the US no differences were found between Angora and Boer cross goats but significant differences were found between individuals within breeds in juniper dietary percentage. In both countries, intervention strategies were found that further increased the consumption of the chemically defended plant. In Israel feeding polyethylene glycol (PEG, MW 4,000) that forms high-affinity complexes with tannins increased P. lentiscus dietary percentage an average of 7 percentage units. In the US feeding a protein supplement, which enhances rates of P450-catalyzed oxidations and therefore the rate of oxidation of monoterpenes, increased juniper consumption 5 percentage units. However, the effects of these interventions were not as large as breed or individual animal effects. Also, in a wide array of competitive tannin-binding assays in Israel with trypsin, salivary proteins did not bind more tannic acid or quebracho tannin than non-specific bovine serum albumin, parotid saliva did not bind more tannins than mixed saliva, no response of tannin-binding was found to levels of dietary tannins, and the breed effect was of minor importance, if any. These fundings strongly suggest that salivary proteins are not the first line of defense from tannin astringency in goats. In the US relatively low values for heritability and repeatability for juniper consumption were found (13% and 30%, respectively), possibly resulting from sampling error or non-genetic transfer of foraging behavior, i.e., social learning. Both alternatives seem to be true as significant variation between sequential observations were noted on the same animal and cross fostering studies conducted in Israel demonstrated that kids raised by Mamber goats showed lower propensity to consume P. lentiscus than counterparts raised by Damascus goats.
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Weller, Joel I., Harris A. Lewin, and Micha Ron. Determination of Allele Frequencies for Quantitative Trait Loci in Commercial Animal Populations. United States Department of Agriculture, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586473.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Individual loci affecting economic traits in dairy cattle (ETL) have been detected via linkage to genetic markers by application of the granddaughter design in the US population and the daughter design in the Israeli population. From these analyses it is not possible to determine allelic frequencies in the population at large, or whether the same alleles are segregating in different families. We proposed to answer this question by application of the "modified granddaughter design", in which granddaughters with a common maternal grandsire are both genotyped and analyzed for the economic traits. The objectives of the proposal were: 1) to fine map three segregating ETL previously detected by a daughter design analysis of the Israeli dairy cattle population; 2) to determine the effects of ETL alleles in different families relative to the population mean; 3) for each ETL, to determine the number of alleles and allele frequencies. The ETL on Bostaurusautosome (BT A) 6 chiefly affecting protein concentration was localized to a 4 cM chromosomal segment centered on the microsatellite BM143 by the daughter design. The modified granddaughter design was applied to a single family. The frequency of the allele increasing protein percent was estimated at 0.63+0.06. The hypothesis of equal allelic frequencies was rejected at p<0.05. Segregation of this ETL in the Israeli population was confirmed. The genes IBSP, SPP1, and LAP3 located adjacent to BM143 in the whole genome cattle- human comparative map were used as anchors for the human genome sequence and bovine BAC clones. Fifteen genes within 2 cM upstream of BM143 were located in the orthologous syntenic groups on HSA4q22 and HSA4p15. Only a single gene, SLIT2, was located within 2 cM downstream of BM143 in the orthologous HSA4p15 region. The order of these genes, as derived from physical mapping of BAC end sequences, was identical to the order within the orthologous syntenic groups on HSA4: FAM13A1, HERC3. CEB1, FLJ20637, PP2C-like, ABCG2, PKD2. SPP, MEP, IBSP, LAP3, EG1. KIAA1276, HCAPG, MLR1, BM143, and SLIT2. Four hundred and twenty AI bulls with genetic evaluations were genotyped for 12 SNPs identified in 10 of these genes, and for BM143. Seven SNPs displayed highly significant linkage disequilibrium effects on protein percentage (P<0.000l) with the greatest effect for SPP1. None of SNP genotypes for two sires heterozygous for the ETL, and six sires homozygous for the ETL completely corresponded to the causative mutation. The expression of SPP 1 and ABCG2 in the mammary gland corresponded to the lactation curve, as determined by microarray and QPCR assays, but not in the liver. Anti-sense SPP1 transgenic mice displayed abnormal mammary gland differentiation and milk secretion. Thus SPP 1 is a prime candidate gene for this ETL. We confirmed that DGAT1 is the ETL segregating on BTA 14 that chiefly effects fat concentration, and that the polymorphism is due to a missense mutation in an exon. Four hundred Israeli Holstein bulls were genotyped for this polymorphism, and the change in allelic frequency over the last 20 years was monitored.