Academic literature on the topic 'Percentage inhibition'
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Journal articles on the topic "Percentage inhibition"
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Gao, Xiang, Yuandan Zhang, Zhe Li, Xinmin Wang, and Yingna Du. "Study on synthesis and properties of polyacrylate wax inhibitor." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2723, no. 1 (2024): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2723/1/012013.
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Abstract Synthesis and properties of polyacrylate ester paraffin inhibitior based on polyacrylate ester start from dodecanol, tetradecanol, hexadecanol, octadecanol respectively were introduced in this paper. Hexadecyl polyacrylic showed the most potent paraffin inhibition, and then the optimum reaction condition of it was ascertained. The percentage inhibition of hexadecyl polyacrylic, synthesized under the optimized conditions, reached to 79.3%. Then crosslinked polyacrylate ester paraffin inhibitiors were synthesized and screened by static wax precipitation experiment, and find the percentage inhibition of crosslinked hexadecyl polyacrylic reached to 88.4%.
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Fardhani, Dinar Mindrati, Dzakiya Alda Fuadiyah, Wisnu Adhi Susila, and Ika Afifah Nugraheni. "Inhibition of Gliocladium sp against plant pathogenic fungus and their exoenzyme activity." International Journal of Health Science and Technology 6, no. 1 (2024): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31101/ijhst.v6i1.3312.
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Gliocladium sp. It is known to have an antagonistic mechanism against other organisms by means of hyper parasitism, antibiosis and lysis, as well as competition. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Gliocladium sp. in inhibiting several types of plant pathogenic fungi and their exoenzyme activity. Inhibition testing was carried out by the Dual Culture Assay method on several plant pathogenic fungi including Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium sp., and Phytophthora sp. The exoenzyme activity tested includes cellulolytic tests, amylolytic tests, and chitinolytic tests. Antagonist testing showed that Gliocladium sp. able to inhibit the growth of all pathogenic fungi tested with varying percentage of inhibition. High percentage of inhibition was shown in the pathogens Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Rhizoctonia solani with percentages of 78.75% and 75%, respectively. Then, the antagonist activity against Fusarium sp. has a moderate resistance percentage of 56%. Meanwhile, a low percentage of inhibition is shown in Gliocladium sp. against Phytophthora sp. with a figure of 25%. From the characterization of exoenzyme activity in Gliocladium sp., negative results were obtained in liquid and solid Carboxymethyl Cellulose, amylum, and chitin media. Meanwhile, in the amylolytic test, positive growth was marked by the appearance of mycelia on the surface of the amylum liquid medium, but in the solid media negative results were obtained against the amylase enzyme. Gliocladium sp fungus has the potential to be a biocontrol agent against various plant pathogenic fungi
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Salim, Hussein, Majida Alsaady, Abdulsattar Al-zuhairi, and Fahmy Kassoub. "Evaluation of the fungicidal activity of the aqueous extracts of some medicinal plants against Fusarium spp." Bionatura 8, no. 2 (2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.02.84.
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To assess the performance of the aqueous extracts of Rhus coriaria, Boswellia carterii, Nigella sativa and Aloe vera. Three concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%) for each extract were tested in vitro for their activity against three isolates of Fusarium spp. All extracts have a high inhibitory capacity against tested isolates. An inhibition percentage for selected isolates was increased with concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%). The concentration of Rhus coriaria extract 15 % resulted in a significant increase in inhibition percentage of mycelial growth of Fusarium sp.1 (63.17%), Fusarium sp2 (61.69%) and Fusarium sp3 (59.35%) compared to other concentrations, the concentration of Boswellia carterii extract 10% led to a significant increase in inhibition percentage of mycelial growth of Fusarium sp2 (82.45 %) compared to concentration 5% (73.67 %), the concentration of Nigella sativa extract 15% was recorded high inhibition percentage in Fusarium sp2 (66.15 %) compared to concentration 5% (22.21%). In contrast, concentrations 5% and 10% were recorded highest inhibition percentages in Fusarium sp3, reaching 31.73 % and 22.02%, respectively, compared to concentration 15% (4.90%). Keywords: Rhus coriaria, Boswellia carterii, Nigella sativa, Aloe vera and Fusarium spp
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Pranata, Chandra, Yosi Darmirani, and Reida Limbing. "Test of the Anti-Inflammatory Effectiveness of Ethanol Extract of Cat's Whiskers Leaves (Orthisiphon Aristatus) on Paw Edema in Male Mice (Mus Musculus)." JURNAL FARMASIMED (JFM) 7, no. 1 (2024): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35451/jfm.v7i1.2289.
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Cat's whisker leaves contain secondary metabolite compounds, flavonoids and essential oils. The chemical compounds contained in cat's whisker leaves have antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antifungal properties. Flavonoids are known to function as anti-inflammatories by inhibiting pro-inflammatory enzymes, namely by blocking cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase, can influence cellular signaling pathways such as NF-kB which can inhibit the migration of inflammatory cells to areas of inflammation. Objective: to test the anti-inflammatory effectiveness of ethanol extract of cat's whisker leaves in-vivo. Method: Anti-inflammatory effectiveness testing was carried out on male mice (Mus musculus) by inducing edema on the soles of their feet using 0.1 ml of 1% carrageenan. This research was an experimental study with 5 treatments and 5 replications. The parameters observed were edema volume, edema percentage, and edema inhibition percentage. Edema volume measurements were taken every 60 minutes for 6 hours. The results of measuring the volume of edema were used to calculate the percentage of edema, which was then used to calculate the percentage of edema inhibition. Data on the percentage of edema inhibition were statistically analyzed using the One Way ANOVA test. Result: the results of statistical tests showed significant differences in data on the percentage of edema inhibition and the percentage of edema between treatment groups showing p<0.05. From the results of the percentage of edema inhibition, it shows that cat's whisker leaf extract with a concentration of 15% has the best anti-inflammatory effect, namely inhibition of 88.42% is the concentration with the optimum dose.
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Gitalee Sharma and Parijat Burahgohain. "Evaluation of Percentage corrosion inhibition efficiency of mild steel with derivatives of Oxazolone." JOURNAL OF ADVANCED APPLIED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 3, no. 1 (2021): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46947/joaasr312021114.
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Carbon Steel is one of the most widely used material in the transportation pipelines of Oil and Gas industry. However, they are prone to corrosion in acidic environment. As preventive measure various mitigation techniques are employed to bring a stag to its corrosion, one of which is the use of inhibitors. In the paper, the study of the inhibitive properties of two oxazolone derivatives have been reported. The compounds were synthesized at ease and in high yield. The corrosion studies were performed on carbon steel in three different concentrations of HCl (1N, 1.5N and 2.0N) solutions using weight loss coupon (gravimetric) method. 1N HCl solution was found to have the most effective inhibition property for the oxazolone derivatives. % Inhibition efficiency was found to be maximum with 100 ppm of inhibitor concentration. The results revealed oxazolone derivatives as promising effective corrosion inhibitors.
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Whang, KK, MG Lee, MS Song, and JB Lee. "ELISA inhibition test using monoclonal antibody specific for Treponema pallidum as the serologic test for syphilis." Acta Dermato-Venereologica 75, no. 5 (1995): 397–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/0001555575397399.
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Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) specific for Treponema pallidum were produced using hybridoma technology. In this study an ELISA inhibition test based on competitive inhibition by antibodies from human test sera of the binding of the enzyme-labelled Mabs to T. pallidum was performed. Inhibition of the seroreactivity of Mabs was decreased according to the dilution of rabbit antiserum to T. pallidum. Seropositivity was found in 100% of secondary and early latent syphilis patients, 75% of primary syphilis patients, and 80% of late latent syphilis patients. The mean percentage inhibition was significantly higher in each syphilis group than in the controls, and statistically significant differences were shown between all the syphilis groups. VDRL and TPHA titers were correlated with the percentage inhibitions. Therefore the ELISA inhibition test using Mab specific for T. pallidum might well be a suitable tool as a new serologic test for syphilis.
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Mohammed, Damia Hazem, and Mira Ausama Al-Katib. "Active and phenolic compounds in Spirogyra sp. PDNA1 is an antibiotic for some bacteria and fungi." Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences 7, no. 1 (2023): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.32441/kjps.07.01.p9.
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Green algae are a biological source rich in phenolic compounds and potentially inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Spirogyra sp. PDNA1 is one of the most types of green algae found in freshwater. Because of the increasing resistance of most bacteria and fungi to available antibiotics, a continuous search is required for the most effective, economical, and environmentally friendly alternatives. There are 30 compounds were identified, including alkaloids, phenols, and esters, and the highest percentage was oleic acid, with a retention time of 21.949 min and a concentration of 32.89%. The highest percentage of inhibition showed on the bacteria for the methanolic algal extract was against Salmonella typhi (22.5 mm), while the lowest percentage of it was against Bacillus cereus (10 mm). The hexane extract had the highest inhibition percentage against Salmonella typhi (19.5 mm) and the lowest inhibition percentage against Klebsiella pneumoniae (11 mm). It was also noted that the effect of the methanolic extract was highest against Trichoderma asperallum (22 mm) and the lowest percentage of inhibition against Candida albicans (7 mm), while the hexane extract recorded the highest percentage of inhibition against Candida albicans (15 mm) and the lowest percentage of inhibition was against the fungus Aspergillus Niger with inhibition diameter (8 mm). Phenols were identified by HPLC technology. The phenolic compounds included Rutin, Gallic acid, Tannic acid, Quercetin, and Kaempferol, where the highest percentage of Rutin was in the phenolic methanolic extract (240.99) ppm, Kaempferol (7.2124) ppm, while the phenolic hexane extract had the highest percentage of Rutin (19.606) ppm, Kaempferol (10.997) ppm. The phenols showed the highest inhibition rate of the phenolic-methanolic extract against (Klebsiella pneumoniae) (30) mm and the least inhibition against (Escherichia. coli) (11) mm while the phenolic hexane extract has the highest inhibition to (Salmonella typhi) (27) mm and the lowest effect was against (Escherichia coli) (10) mm. The antifungal effect of the phenolic methanolic extract recorded the highest percentage against (Candida albicans) (30) mm and had the lowest effect on Mucor racemosus (18) mm, while the phenolic hexane extract had the highest effect with Candida albicans (22.5) mm, and the least inhibition percentage was in Mucor racemosus with (11) mm. Therefore, the study aimed to isolate and identify the effective compounds of the methanolic and hexanoic extract of this algae, and active phenolic compounds were detected using GC-MS and HPLC technology.
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Daniel Ikechukwu Oraekei, Chukwuka Benjamin Uzodinma, Uchechukwu Harrison Orji, et al. "Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer and gastric histopathology activities of ethanol leaf extracts of Gongronema latifolium in diclofenac induced albino rat models." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 21, no. 3 (2024): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.3.0624.
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The stomach is the roomiest portion of gastrointestinal tract. It serves as a reservoir for ingested food, secrets enzymes and hydrochloric acid for digestion of foods. This study was aimed at evaluating the anti-ulcer activity of ethanol leaf extracts of Gongronema latifolium in diclofenac induced albino rat models. G. latifolium leaves powder (1600 g) was weighed and extracted by cold maceration for 72 hours in 15 L of ethanol. Qualitative phytochemical analysis and acute toxicity study of the extract were done. Anti-inflammatory activities of the extract were tested on both heat and hypo tonicity induced hemolysis. Ulcer index, percentage ulcer protection and percentage mucus production were estimated for various concentrations of the extract. There was also histopathology examination of the gastric epithelium. The extractive percentage yield of G. latifolium was 24.69%. The phytocomponents were small concentrations of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids and saponins. Only glycosides were present in moderately high concentrations. The median lethal dose (LD50) was ˃ 5.000 mg/kg body weight. The extract exhibited dose dependent percentage inhibition of inflammation; and at the dose of 1,000 µg/ml, attained percentage inhibitions of 86.75 and 85.87% for heat and hypo tonicity induced inflammations respectively. At the dose of 800 mg/kg body weight, Gongronema latifolium leaf extract recorded percentage ulcer inhibition of 57.18%, which was comparable with the percentage inhibition of omeprazole (62.71%). In conclusion, the good anti-ulcer activity of ethanol leaf extracts of Gongronema latifolium can be attributable to its anti-inflammatory as well as enhancement of gastric mucus production.
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Kumaji, Syam S., Sri Fujiatun Mardjun, Ani M. Hasan, Aryati Abdul, and Wirnangsi Din Uno. "Antibiofilm Potential of Pisang Batu Extract (Musa balbisiana Colla) for Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria." E3S Web of Conferences 400 (2023): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340002004.
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Phytochemical compounds present in Pisang Batu (Musa balbisiana Colla) can inhibit the growth of bacteria on the surface of a film. This study aims to determine the effect of the anti-biofilm capacity of Pisang Batu extract ( Musa balbisiana Colla) on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and to determine significant differences in the antibiofilm capacity of Pisang Batu extract (Musa balbisiana Colla) against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This study used an experimental method consisting of 6 treatments with 4 replications. The treatment group was a concentration of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, positive control (Ciprofloxacin ), and negative control (CMC 1%). Measurement of biofilm inhibition was obtained from the reading of the Optical Density Value on the tool spectrophotometer which then calculated the percentage inhibition biofilm. Data were analyzed using the One Way Anova Test and then Duncan’s Post Hoc test was carried out. The results showed that Pisang Batu extract had an effect on the antibiofilm effect of Pisang Batu extract (Musa balbisiana Colla) on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria where at a concentration of 100% an inhibition percentage value of 39.8% was obtained, a concentration of 75% obtained an inhibition percentage value of 58.03%, 50% concentration obtained inhibition percentage value of 28.11%, 25% concentration obtained inhibition percentage value of 18.06%, control positive (Ciprofloxacin ) obtained an inhibition percentage value of 95.19% and negative control (CMC 1%) obtained an inhibition percentage value of 0%. Then after further testing, a significant difference was obtained for all treatment groups with the best concentration obtained at a concentration of 75%.
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Khuram, Ashfaq* Bashir A. choudhary Muhammad Uzair Muhammad Naeem Qaisar Sajid N. Hussain1 Muhammad A. Ghaffari. "EVALUATION OF α-GLUCOSIDASE, UREASE INHIBITION AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF ACACIA JACQUEMONTII AND RHAMNUS PERSICA." Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 04, № 10 (2017): 3913–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1035239.
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The aim of this study was to investigate antioxidant, urease and α-glucosidase inhibition activities of the plants Acacia jacquemontii and Rhamnus persica. Dichloromethane and methanol extracts of the plants were evaluated for described activities. In α-glucosidase inhibition assay, dichloromethane and methanolic extracts of Acacia jacquemontii exhibited inhibitory activity of 97.9 % and 98.9 % with IC50 of 4.8 μg/ml and 1.2 μg/ml respectively while that of Rhamnus persica showed 68.8 % and 24.5% with IC50 values of 29.3 and 614.5 μg/ml respectively. The results were compared with standard, Acarbose, which showed 70.1 % inhibition with IC50 of 520 μg/ml. DPPH inhibition assay indicated that both dichloromethane and methanolic extracts of Acacia jacquemontii were active with percentage inhibition of 86.8% and 94.11 % respectively with IC50 values of 24.51 μg/ml and 9.51 μg/ml. The dichloromethane and methanolic extract of Rhamnus persica exhibited the percentage inhibition of 75.9 and 94.9 respectively with IC50 values 30.95 μg/ml and 34.77 μg/ml. Ascorbic acid was used as standard. Both the plants showed non significant activity in urease inhibition assay. These results confirm that both plant extracts possess significant α-glucosidase inhibitors and antioxidant potential, thereby providing worthy justification for isolation of novel bioactive compounds. Further study is needed to screen out antioxidants and potent enzyme inhibitors. Keywords: Acacia jacquemontii, Rhamnus persica, Antioxidant, α-Glucosidase inhibition, Urease inhibition
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Percentage inhibition"
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Dole, Shelley Louise. "Percent knowledge : effective teaching for learning, relearning and unlearning." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1999. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36602/7/36602_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Percentage inhibition"
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Kaithal, Poonam, Rajiv Kant, Rohit Lall, Archana Verma, and Preetam Verma. "Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Madhuca longifolia and Its Antibiofilm Potential." In Proceedings of the Conference BioSangam 2022: Emerging Trends in Biotechnology (BIOSANGAM 2022). Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-020-6_16.
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AbstractThe synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extract as a capping agent has been very easy, economical and environment friendly method. The Madhuca longifolia is one of the well-known trees for its various benefits from food industry to its medicinal applications. It is indigenous to India, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Myanmar. In the present aqueous extract was used from leaves of M. lngifolia has been used as a capping agent to form AgNPs by reducingsilver nitrate with the help of green synthesis route. UV-visible spectroscopicy gave maximaat 420 nmconfirmed the synthesis of M. longifolia AgNPs. Characterization was done by TEM, SEM, XRD and FTIR techniques. FTIR confirmed the presence of various phytochemicals and formation of nanoparticles. XRD confirmed the formation of crystalline structure of synthesized silver nanoparticles. The shape of silver nanoparticles was irregular and spherical. The reaction solution turned brown which is the primary indication of formation of AgNPs. Crystalline size was calculated and found to be 10–25 nm; and TEM showed the size of nanoparticles around 5–40 nm. The M. longifolia based Silver nanoparticles were evaluated for their antibacterial and antibiofilm activity on Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram negative) by disc diffusion and percentage inhibition methods was confirmed.
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Pacheco, Patricia, Dévora Carrión, Sandy Gavilanes, and Mónica Espadero. "In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic and Acetonic Extracts of Curcuma longa Against Propionibacterium acnes (Cutibacterium acnes)." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87065-1_27.
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Abstract Throughout history, plants have been indispensable in the development of society due to their high content of bioactive substances, which are used in different industries such as food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics. Curcuma longa is a perennial species that belongs to the Zingiberaceae family, which is used for therapeutic purposes due to its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, among others. This research evaluates the antibacterial activity of ethanolic and acetonic extracts of Curcuma longa against Propionibacterium acnes, recently renamed Cutibacterium acnes, that has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of acne. Secondary metabolites were identified by phytochemical screening tests. Curcuminoids determination was carried out by using TLC (thin-layer chromatography) and the phenolic compounds were quantified by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer method with different treatments (50,75 and 100%) and broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The extracts showed the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins, confirming the presence of curcuminoids. In the quantification of phenolic compounds, no significant differences in their composition were observed. The treatment 100% of acetonic extract of Curcuma longa exhibited an inhibition percentage of 48.79% compared to the ethanolic ex tract 75% treatment, which reached 31.67%. Additionally, the acetonic extract showed a minimum inhibitory concentration of 15.62 µg/mL, while for the ethanolic extract, it was 31.25 µg/mL. These findings highlight the potential antibacterial activity of the acetonic extract against Cutibacterium acnes, which could make it a promising natural option for acne control.
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Albatnan, Sara, Hanane El Kaissoumi, Amina Ouazzani Touhami, and Allal Douira. "Investigating In Vitro Interactions and Saprophytic Activities Between Soil-Borne Phytopathogenic." In Advances in Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IGI Global, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-9450-2.ch016.
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Furthermore, all pathogens significantly inhibited the spore's germination of each other, with Phytophthora sp. demonstrating the maximum inhibition against Fusarium oxysporum (99.99%), while Fusarium oxysporum exhibited the lowest inhibition (29.91%) against Phytophthora sp., as compared to the control. As the saprophytic activities tested in soil flasks, Fusarium oxysporum demonstrated high adaptability, surviving and thriving in the presence of Rhizoctonia solani across different combinations (25%,50%,75%). Fusarium's percentage of colonization reached 72.51%, significantly higher than Rhizoctonia's colonization, which ranged from 34.05% to 42.42%.Conversely, Verticillium dahliae displayed the lowest percentage of colonization (17.35% in front of Rhizoctonia solani in soil and 23% in front of Fusarium oxysporum in straw), indicating potential vulnerabilities.
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"Insulation, Liner and Inhibition Systems." In Solid Rocket Propellants: Science and Technology Challenges. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781782620969-00060.
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For the correct, successful and efficient operation of rockets, as per design considerations, certain non-energetic sub-components are always incorporated. This chapter gives a brief outline of these non-energetic sub-components. The insulator is applied at the inner surface of the rocket to act as a thermal barrier and restricts temperature rises in the rocket motor casing beyond certain critical limits (∼100 °C). These thermal insulation layers may be in the form of a hard sleeve (cartridge-loaded propellants) or elastomeric with very high percentage elongation (case-bonded motor). The liner coating is a thin layer of adhesive cum migration prevention coating applied between the insulator and the propellants in case-bonded rocket motors. The inhibitor is generally applied on the propellant surface to selectively restrict the burning surface of the propellants for required ballistics. This chapter discusses all three inert non-energetic but important sub-components.
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HUCHIN-CHAN, Nancy del Carmen, Sandra Jazmín FIGUEROA-RAMÍREZ, Juan Manuel Tadeo SIERRA-GRAJEDA, and Jesús PORCAYO-CALDERÓN. "Evaluation of the inhibition efficiency of the Coccoloba Uvífera extract, through weight loss in 1M HCl and 3.5% NaCl media." In Engineering and Applied Sciences. ECORFAN, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35429/h.2023.6.19.26.
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In the present investigation, the leaf extract of Coccoloba Uvifera (CU) is obtained with the help of the ethanol solvent through the maceration process; It is implemented as a green corrosion inhibitor for 1018 steel in acid and saline solutions. The percentage of corrosion efficiency was evaluated by the weight loss method, which was carried out in two media: 1 M HCl and 3.5% NaCl at times of 27 and 258 h at room temperature. The results indicate that CU can act as an efficient corrosion inhibitor, the maximum inhibition efficiency was achieved at the concentration of 600 ppm after 27 h of immersion in both media (1 M HCl and 3.5% NaCl). The formation of the protective film retards the invasion of aggressive ions and inhibits the corrosion of carbon steel in acidic and saline environments.
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"Appendix 4: Relationship Between [I]/IC50and Percentage Inhibition of Enzyme Activity whenh= 1." In Evaluation of Enzyme Inhibitors in Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118540398.app4.
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Shanmugam, Indumathi, Kamali Kandhasam, Jagadeesan Ramasamy, Anburaj Raj, Prabu Periasamy, and Lakshmanan Ramkumar. "Phyto-Assisted Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles for Effectively Combating Toxin-Producing Fungi in Poultry Feed." In Therapeutic Plants: Recent Advances in the Use of Herbs as Alternative Medications. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2025. https://doi.org/10.2174/9789815322910125010018.
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The present study aimed to investigate Carica papaya-mediated silver nanoparticle synthesis and its role in mitigating aflatoxigenic fungi isolated from poultry feed. Proximate analysis of the feed samples revealed their moisture content, crude protein percentage, and crude fat percentage. Fungal isolates were enumerated, and their abundance and frequency were determined. Toxin production by A. flavus isolates, which contributes about 33%, was assessed by PCR amplification targeting specific genes associated with aflatoxin production. Phytochemical analysis was conducted on different plant extracts, and the presence of various compounds was determined. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using Carica papaya, and their characterization was performed using various techniques, including UV-Spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the antifungal activity of the Carica papaya extract and silver nanoparticles was evaluated against aflatoxigenic fungi in which the AgNPs showed greater inhibition value between 10 mm and 22 mm. These findings contribute to the understanding that silver nanoparticles may significantly inhibit the growth of aflatoxigenic fungi isolated from poultry feed.
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Heidari, Reza, and M. Mehdi Ommati. "Taurine and the Liver: A Focus on Mitochondria related Liver Disease." In Taurine and the Mitochondrion: Applications in the Pharmacotherapy of Human Diseases. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815124484123010007.
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&nbsp;Although the liver is the leading site for taurine (TAU) synthesis, the level of this amino acid in hepatic tissue is relatively low. It is well-known that TAU is efficiently redistributed from hepatocytes to the circulation. However, the human body’s capacity for TAU synthesis is negligible, and we receive a very high percentage of our body TAU from exogenous sources. Plasma TAU is taken up by several tissues, such as the skeletal muscle and the heart. The roles of TAU in liver function are the subject of many investigations. It has been found that TAU could have beneficial effects against xenobiotics-induced liver injury, alcoholism-associated hepatic damage, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or even viral hepatitis infections. The inhibition of cytochrome P450, alleviation of oxidative stress, inhibition of inflammatory reactions, and the mitigation of tissue fibrosis are fundamental mechanisms proposed for the hepatoprotective properties of TAU. On the other hand, many studies indicate that hepatocytes’ mitochondria are essential targets for the cytoprotective properties of TAU. The current chapter reviews the beneficial role of TAU on the most common liver disorders, focusing on the effects of this amino acid on mitochondrial function and energy metabolism.<br>
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Acharya, Suchismita, Priyanka Dash, and M. Priyanka. "SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL APPLICATIONS OF ZNO NANOPARTICLES UTILIZING SEED SOURCE OF MYRISTICA FRAGRANS (NUTMEG)." In Futuristic Trends in Chemical Material Sciences & Nano Technology Volume 3 Book 14. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3becs14p1ch1.
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ZnO nanoparticles were fabricated using plant seed extract from the Myristica fragrans species, utilising the solution combustion method and their antibacterial activities are investigated. ZnO nanoparticles are characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction Techniques (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii were determined by using Broth-based turbidometry method. ZnO nanoparticles were found to be spherical and have an average particle size of 7±2 nm after all characterization analyses were completed. Antibacterial experiments support the maximum percentage of inhibition of ZnO nanoparticles, which was seen in Bacillus subtilis with IC50 values of 7.3 g/ml. These findings clearly show that ZnO nanoparticles may act as an antibacterial agent.
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Lobo, Patrícia Teixeira Damasceno, Elisa Teshima, and Sandra Aparecida de Assis. "Antioxidant and prebiotic activity of (1→3)-β-D-glucan obtained from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa." In UNITING KNOWLEDGE INTEGRATED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FOR GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT. Seven Editora, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/uniknowindevolp-053.
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The β-Glucans has high biotechnological potential application in several industrial sectors. Then, the antioxidant and prebiotic activity of (1→3)-β-D-glucan obtained from the cell wall of R. Mucilaginosa yeast was evaluated. The strains tested Bifidobacterium Lactis and Bifidobacterium longum showed a comparable result with the commercially inulin. The digestibility of glucan was investigated in vitro by exposing them to artificial human gastric juice. The results show that not occurred hydrolysis of (1→3)-β-D-glucan under the studied conditions and the glucan remain undigested in 100%. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated by ABTS, DPPH and total antioxidant capacity test. The results of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity showed a maximum inhibition percentage of 51.00% and the test of total antioxidant capacity showed that 10 mg/mL of (1→3)-β-D-glucan shows the same result as the use of the 222.27 ± 4.3 µg/mL ascorbic acid. The obtained results show that the (1→3)-β-D-glucan extracted from the cell wall of R. mucilaginosa has the potential to be explored as a food ingredient with functional capacity.
Conference papers on the topic "Percentage inhibition"
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Okeniyi, Joshua Olusegun, Abimbola Patricia Idowu Popoola, and Elizabeth Toyin Okeniyi. "Cymbopogon Citratus and Na2Cr2O7 Performance on Reinforcing-Steel Corrosion in Industrial/Microbial Simulating-Environment: Prospect on Environmentally Friendly Inhibitor." In CORROSION 2018. NACE International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2018-10808.
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Abstract Electrochemical measurements were obtained from steel-reinforced concrete samples immersed in 0.5 M H2SO4 medium, for simulating industrial/microbial environment, to assess the corrosion-inhibition effects of two admixtures. Cymbopogon citratus (C. citratus) leaf-extract was used in comparison with the well-known but toxic inhibitor, Na2Cr2O7 (sodium dichromate) as a reference. Equal mass fractions, as percentage by mass/weight of cement (wt%) for concrete mixing, of the plant-extract and Na2Cr2O7 were admixed separately in steel-reinforced concrete samples immersed in the industrial/microbial simulating-environment. From these, corrosion-rate by linear polarization-resistance (LPR) and corrosion-potential as per ASTM(1) C876-15 were measured and statistically analyzed as per ASTM G16-13. Corrosion-potential results showed that both admixtures reduced corrosion risk as per ASTM C876-15 criteria. However, high concentrations of C. citratus leaf-extract surpassed the highly effective performance of Na2Cr2O7 at inhibiting reinforcing-steel-corrosion in the test-medium. The 0.417 wt% C. citratus leaf-extract exhibited optimal inhibition efficiency, η = 92.36% in the study. In comparison, the 0.250 wt% Na2Cr2O7 exhibited the highest inhibition effectiveness performance of η = 83.96% among the concentrations of Na2Cr2O7 chemical inhibitor. These indicate prospects on the suitability of C. Citratus leaf-extract as an environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor in the industrial/microbial service environment that are discussed in the study.
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Papavinasam, Sankara, Michael Attard, R. Winston Revie, and Joe Bojes. "Rotating Cage - a Compact Laboratory Methodology for Simultaneously Evaluating Corrosion Inhibition and Drag Reducing Properties of Chemicals." In CORROSION 2002. NACE International, 2002. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2002-02271.
Full textAbstract:
In a previous study, the rotating cage was identified as the preferred methodology for evaluating corrosion inhibitors1-5. This assessment was based on a quantitative comparison of field and laboratory data on general corrosion rates, pitting rates, and percentage inhibition (calculated from general and pitting corrosion rates) under three (3) different field conditions using four (4) continuous and two (2) batch inhibitors. The rotating cage methodology is inexpensive and relatively simple to carry out. In this paper, the possibility of using the rotating cage to simultaneously determine inhibitor efficiency and drag reduction properties of corrosion inhibitors is explored.
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Shadravan, Arash, Shaofeng Sun, Yao Xiong, and Michael Whitehouse. "Bitumen Natural Corrosion Inhibition for Canadian Heavy Oil Thermal Recovery Pipeline System." In CORROSION 2021. AMPP, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2021-17019.
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Abstract Recently to improve bitumen recovery efficiency at Cold Lake, diluent is started to be added into the production system. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of diluent addition on the integrity of Cold Lake pipeline system. Kilometers of this pipeline was operated without any corrosion inhibitor injection or major pipeline integrity challenges in the past 20-30 years. However, since failures in a pipeline system could pose financial and environmental risks, investigating the corrosion likelihood and its magnitude will be crucial in operating this pipeline and developing monitoring and mitigation programs. To achieve this milestone, we designed a corrosion experimental matrix and tested carbon steel samples coated with Cold Lake bitumen in pressurized autoclaves under aqueous sour environment simulating the pipeline conditions. Results show that the Cold Lake Bitumen effectively protects the pipeline from general corrosion. Despite the higher percentage of diluent combined with the effect of shear leading to partial dissolution of the Cold Lake bitumen coat, only low localized corrosion rate was observed in the laboratory.
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Papavinasam, Sankara, R. Winston Revie, Michael Attard, Alebachew Demoz, John C. Donini, and Kirk Michaelian. "Rotating Cage - Top Ranked Methodology for Inhibitor Evaluation and Qualification for Pipeline Applications." In CORROSION 2001. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01061.
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Abstract Based on the literature database and information from pipeline companies, the methodologies used to select inhibitors were critically reviewed. Round robin tests were carried out in three laboratories to assess reproducibility of the wheel test. In total, twelve (12) laboratory methodologies were evaluated. Field monitoring was carried out in Alberta at three fields - oily gas, gassy oil and oil transmitting- to support the laboratory evaluation, and to define the conditions under which specific laboratory methodologies can be used with the confidence that the laboratory data will predict field performance. Based on a quantitative comparison of field and laboratory general corrosion rates, pitting rates, and percentage inhibition (calculated from general corrosion rates and pitting rates) under three different field conditions using three continuous and three batch inhibitors, the rotating cage, was ranked as the top methodology. In addition, this methodology is inexpensive and relatively simple to carry out. The rotating cage is recommended as a methodology to be standardized for evaluating and qualifying inhibitors for sour service.
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de Almeida, Neusvaldo L., André Luiz Castro Bonfim, Zehbour Panossian, Gutemberg S. Pimenta, and Maria Elena Taqueda. "Biodiesel Corrosivity against Metallic Materials." In CORROSION 2012. NACE International, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2012-01269.
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Abstract Biodiesel production in Brazil is expected to increase significantly over the coming years as there is a government plan to increase the percentage of biodiesel in diesel. With the new Brazilian energy matrix, it becomes increasingly necessary to know the behavior of metallic materials used in transport and storage systems of new fuels, in particular, of biodiesel. The corrosivity of traditional fuels against the structural metallic materials is well known both in the pipeline and storage tank systems, which still does not occur with biodiesel. In this study, the corrosivity of biodiesel obtained from bovine fat, soybean and castor oil against carbon steel SAE 1020 and austenitic stainless steel AISI 316 was evaluated, through gravimetric corrosion tests at different temperatures, at three different moisture levels and in closed and open environments. Stainless steel was also studied after sensitization heat treatment to simulate possible changes in microstructure due to welding operations. As the number of variables involved in the study was very large, a statistical design of experiments was adopted which reduced by 50% the amount of tests. This paper describes the adopted test methodologies, the obtained results and the discussion of the influence of the tested variables on the corrosion processes. The corrosivity of the three types of biodiesel was also verified after aging for 60 days and 120 days. The results showed no significant change in the corrosivity of either biodiesel as a function of aging time. Testing was also performed according to the NACE TM 0172 standard test method which indicates a corrosion inhibition effect of biodiesel from castor beans.
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Hartt, William H. "Time-to-Corrosion Initiation for Chloride Exposed Reinforced Concrete with an Admixed Corrosion Inhibitor: Part II – Consideration of Diffusional Inhibitor Egress." In CORROSION 2014. NACE International, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2014-3636.
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Abstract A previous paper (Part I) introduced a first-principles based equation whereby the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of chloride concentration ([Cl-]) at the reinforcement depth (x) after a given time is determined considering that all relevant variables (effective diffusion coefficient, surface Cl- concentration, and x) conform to a distribution rather than being distinct. Also considered were examples where the admixed corrosion inhibitor calcium nitrite (CN) was present. By superimposing the limiting [Cl-] for CN effectiveness, as reported in the literature, upon the CDF([Cl-]) trends, the percentage of reinforcement elements for which this [Cl-] had been reached/exceeded was determined. Further, by employing a Load Resistance Factor Design type analysis, the percentage of elements for which corrosion initiation occurs was projected. In the present effort, the added consideration of diffusional inhibitor egress over time is taken into account; and the same determinations (percentage of elements for which, first, the critical [Cl-] has been reached/exceeded and, second, active corrosion has initiated) were made. Comparisons are provided between the CN loss and no loss cases and the results discussed in terms of admixed corrosion inhibitor effectiveness.
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Bavarian, Behzad, Jia Zhang, and Lisa Reiner. "Electrochemical and SCC Inhibition of Multi-alloy Systems Using Vapor Corrosion Inhibitors." In CORROSION 2013. NACE International, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2013-02130.
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Abstract Commercially available inhibitors were successfully investigated for their effectiveness in reducing the corrosion susceptibility of the turbo expander and steam/gas turbine industry alloys. However, due to the fact that the power generating system is complex and consists of a multi-alloy system, the investigation was expanded to study the corrosion behavior and stress corrosion susceptibility of other alloys such as, copper, brass C36000, C69300, red brass C83600, and nickel plated-copper in the presence of these inhibitors. Electrochemical behavior (cyclic polarization and EIS) of these alloys in a 200 ppm chloride solution with different percentages of inhibitor showed significant improvement in passivity, and breakdown potentials. The data acquired from electrochemical tests showed that inhibitor adsorption to the alloy surfaces fits with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm; the enthalpy of adsorption is about -10 to -16 kJ/mol, suggesting that this chemical compound provides physisorption to the alloy surfaces. During testing per ASTM(1) standards G44 and G38, no susceptibility to environmentally-assisted cracking was observed upon the addition of 10% inhibitor.
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Ghaziof, Soroor, Keith Lichti, Kazumi Osato, et al. "Application of Corrosion Inhibitors for K55 Casing Corrosion Control in Acidic Geothermal Well Fluids." In CORROSION 2018. NACE International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2018-11066.
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Abstract Many acidic geothermal wells with low-carbon steel casing materials benefit from the application of pH control chemicals such as NaOH. However, at high temperatures this can result in rapid scaling by anhydrite. In addition oxidation of iron in acid wells can lead to reductive deposition of heavy metals and in localized galvanic corrosion. Control of production fluid pH can require frequent adjustment of the NaOH addition. Corrosion inhibitors have been proposed as an alternative to pH adjustment in mildly acidic geothermal wells both for control of corrosion and scaling as well as for control of heavy metal deposition. In this study, a commercial corrosion inhibitor was used to quantify the level of corrosion mitigation of K55 casing material in simulated acidic geothermal electrolyte at different pH values and inhibitor concentrations. Results showed a decrease in corrosion rate as a function of increasing pH without inhibitor addition and a decrease in corrosion rate of over 90% with inhibitor addition at the lowest pH tested. The percentage decrease in corrosion rate was less at the higher pH values tested where the inhibitor free corrosion rates were lower and presumably controlled, in part, by iron sulfide/iron oxide formation.
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Hartt, William H. "Chloride Exposure of Reinforced Concrete with an Admixed Corrosion Inhibitor: Part I – Time to Corrosion Initiation Neglecting Inhibitor Egress." In CORROSION 2014. NACE International, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2014-3635.
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Abstract A first principles based equation from the literature was modified such that the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of Cl− concentration ([Cl−]) in concrete at the reinforcement depth after a given exposure time was calculated by numerical integration. The approach accommodates the fact that surface Cl− concentration (Cs), the effective diffusion coefficient (D), and reinforcement cover (x) each conform to a distribution, rather than being discreet. Calculations were performed for a range of mean D, Cs, and x values. The previously reported limiting [Cl−] for which various dosages of the corrosion inhibitor calcium nitrite (CN) are effective in maintaining reinforcing steel passivity was superimposed upon the CDFs. From probability distributions of, first, [Cl−] and, second, Cl− threshold to initiate active corrosion, as enhanced by a particular CN addition, the percentage of reinforced concrete elements for which active corrosion initiates after specific times and, hence, inhibitor effectiveness, were determined using a Load-Resistance Factor Design type approach. Inhibitor effectiveness in reducing total corrosion is discussed, as are scenarios and implications thereof for chlorides and CN being solely in the cement phase as opposed to being uniformly distributed throughout the concrete.
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Hartt, William H. "A Methodology for Projecting Time-to-Corrosion Initiation and Cracking/ Delamination for Reinforced Concrete with an Admixed Corrosion Inhibitor." In CORROSION 2012. NACE International, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2012-01074.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract An equation from the literature was modified such that the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of Cl- concentration in concrete at the reinforcement depth after a given exposure time was calculated by numerical integration. The approach accommodated the fact that surface Cl- concentration (Cs), the effective diffusion coefficient (D), and cover (x) are distributed rather than discreet variables. Calculations were performed for a range of mean D, Cs, and x values. Limiting concentrations of Cl- for which various previously reported dosages of the corrosion inhibitor calcium nitrite (CN) are effective in maintaining reinforcing steel passivity were superimposed upon the CDFs. This allowed projection of the percentage of reinforced elements that are active after a specific time and, hence, inhibitor effectiveness, to be identified. Also discussed are scenarios and implications thereof for chlorides and CN being solely in the cement phase as opposed to being uniformly distributed throughout the concrete.
Reports on the topic "Percentage inhibition"
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Thongtan, Thananya, Poonlarp Cheepsunthorn, and Kiat Ruxrungtham. An analysis and studies expression of receptor molecule on microglia cells to inhibits infection of the cells from Japanese encephalitis virus : Research report (Year 2009). Chulalongkorn University, 2009. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2009.14.
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Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is a major cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. Even though the principle target cells for JEV in the central nervous system are neurons, the microglia is activated in response to JEV infection. This research aimed to investigate the relationship between JEV and microglial cells. The percentage of JEV infectivity in mouse microglial (BV-2) cell line at 8, 15 and 24 hr post infection was determined by flow cytometry. It was found that the percentage of infected cells were approximately 53.5, 71.3 and 83.6 respectively. The JEV binding protein (s) expressed on the surface of BV-2 cells was also identified. Using One dimensional and Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to separate the membrane proteins, we later identified the 43 kDa laminin receptor precursor protein as a JEV binding protein by virus overlay protein binding assay (VOPBA) followed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). This newly identified JEV binding protein was further characterized by infection inhibition assay. BV-2 cells were mock-infected or infected with JEV in the presence of either 0 (control), 5,10 and 20 μg anti-laminin receptor antibody or 20 μg soluble laminin. The percentage of inhibition of JEV infection was determined by flow cytometry. Results showed a dose dependent pattern of inhibition in the presence of anti-laminin receptor antibody, determined at 15 hr post infection, compared to non-relevant antibody and control. Taken together, 43 kDa laminin receptor precursor protein is verified as JEV putative receptor on mouse microglial cell surface.
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จันทร์เจ้า, จันทร์เพ็ญ. องค์ประกอบทางเคมีและแอกทิวิตีทางชีวภาพของผลิตภัณฑ์ผึ้งจากผึ้งโพรง (Apis cerana) และชันโรง (Tetragonula laeviceps). จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2013. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2013.42.
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In this research, it was focused on the anti-proliferation of cancer cells and the anti-agglutination of human blood cell infected by H1 N1 virus (AHB) of honey and AHB of propolis from Tetragonula laeviceps. Honey (90 g) was extracted by 96% EtOH and H20 resulting in CHE and CHW, respectively, Later, it was tested against the proliferation of 5 cancer cell lines (BT474, Chago, Hep-G2, KATO-III, and SW620) and CH-liver as normal cell by MTT assay. The data was estimated from the average of percentage of cell viability (PS) and statistically analysed by SPSS statistics 17.0. The result showed that PS of CHE and CHW were closed. After partition, CHH gave the best activity. However, after being purified by quick column chromatography, 6 fractions contained no activity. Furthermore, for AHB, hemagglutination inhibition assay was used. It presented that both CHE and CHW had no AHB activity. In addition, after partition, all CHM, CHD, and CHH still had no ABH activity. Instead, propolis was focused. Both CPE and CPW still had no ABH activity. Thus, it could be concluded that 1) anti-proliferation compounds had synergistic effect to each other so more purification decreased the activity. 2) Crude extracts of bee products from T. laeviceps had no ABH activity at all.