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1
Gao, Xiang, Yuandan Zhang, Zhe Li, Xinmin Wang, and Yingna Du. "Study on synthesis and properties of polyacrylate wax inhibitor." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2723, no. 1 (2024): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2723/1/012013.
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Abstract Synthesis and properties of polyacrylate ester paraffin inhibitior based on polyacrylate ester start from dodecanol, tetradecanol, hexadecanol, octadecanol respectively were introduced in this paper. Hexadecyl polyacrylic showed the most potent paraffin inhibition, and then the optimum reaction condition of it was ascertained. The percentage inhibition of hexadecyl polyacrylic, synthesized under the optimized conditions, reached to 79.3%. Then crosslinked polyacrylate ester paraffin inhibitiors were synthesized and screened by static wax precipitation experiment, and find the percentage inhibition of crosslinked hexadecyl polyacrylic reached to 88.4%.
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Fardhani, Dinar Mindrati, Dzakiya Alda Fuadiyah, Wisnu Adhi Susila, and Ika Afifah Nugraheni. "Inhibition of Gliocladium sp against plant pathogenic fungus and their exoenzyme activity." International Journal of Health Science and Technology 6, no. 1 (2024): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31101/ijhst.v6i1.3312.
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Gliocladium sp. It is known to have an antagonistic mechanism against other organisms by means of hyper parasitism, antibiosis and lysis, as well as competition. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Gliocladium sp. in inhibiting several types of plant pathogenic fungi and their exoenzyme activity. Inhibition testing was carried out by the Dual Culture Assay method on several plant pathogenic fungi including Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium sp., and Phytophthora sp. The exoenzyme activity tested includes cellulolytic tests, amylolytic tests, and chitinolytic tests. Antagonist testing showed that Gliocladium sp. able to inhibit the growth of all pathogenic fungi tested with varying percentage of inhibition. High percentage of inhibition was shown in the pathogens Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Rhizoctonia solani with percentages of 78.75% and 75%, respectively. Then, the antagonist activity against Fusarium sp. has a moderate resistance percentage of 56%. Meanwhile, a low percentage of inhibition is shown in Gliocladium sp. against Phytophthora sp. with a figure of 25%. From the characterization of exoenzyme activity in Gliocladium sp., negative results were obtained in liquid and solid Carboxymethyl Cellulose, amylum, and chitin media. Meanwhile, in the amylolytic test, positive growth was marked by the appearance of mycelia on the surface of the amylum liquid medium, but in the solid media negative results were obtained against the amylase enzyme. Gliocladium sp fungus has the potential to be a biocontrol agent against various plant pathogenic fungi
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Salim, Hussein, Majida Alsaady, Abdulsattar Al-zuhairi, and Fahmy Kassoub. "Evaluation of the fungicidal activity of the aqueous extracts of some medicinal plants against Fusarium spp." Bionatura 8, no. 2 (2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.02.84.
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To assess the performance of the aqueous extracts of Rhus coriaria, Boswellia carterii, Nigella sativa and Aloe vera. Three concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%) for each extract were tested in vitro for their activity against three isolates of Fusarium spp. All extracts have a high inhibitory capacity against tested isolates. An inhibition percentage for selected isolates was increased with concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%). The concentration of Rhus coriaria extract 15 % resulted in a significant increase in inhibition percentage of mycelial growth of Fusarium sp.1 (63.17%), Fusarium sp2 (61.69%) and Fusarium sp3 (59.35%) compared to other concentrations, the concentration of Boswellia carterii extract 10% led to a significant increase in inhibition percentage of mycelial growth of Fusarium sp2 (82.45 %) compared to concentration 5% (73.67 %), the concentration of Nigella sativa extract 15% was recorded high inhibition percentage in Fusarium sp2 (66.15 %) compared to concentration 5% (22.21%). In contrast, concentrations 5% and 10% were recorded highest inhibition percentages in Fusarium sp3, reaching 31.73 % and 22.02%, respectively, compared to concentration 15% (4.90%). Keywords: Rhus coriaria, Boswellia carterii, Nigella sativa, Aloe vera and Fusarium spp
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Pranata, Chandra, Yosi Darmirani, and Reida Limbing. "Test of the Anti-Inflammatory Effectiveness of Ethanol Extract of Cat's Whiskers Leaves (Orthisiphon Aristatus) on Paw Edema in Male Mice (Mus Musculus)." JURNAL FARMASIMED (JFM) 7, no. 1 (2024): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35451/jfm.v7i1.2289.
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Cat's whisker leaves contain secondary metabolite compounds, flavonoids and essential oils. The chemical compounds contained in cat's whisker leaves have antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antifungal properties. Flavonoids are known to function as anti-inflammatories by inhibiting pro-inflammatory enzymes, namely by blocking cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase, can influence cellular signaling pathways such as NF-kB which can inhibit the migration of inflammatory cells to areas of inflammation. Objective: to test the anti-inflammatory effectiveness of ethanol extract of cat's whisker leaves in-vivo. Method: Anti-inflammatory effectiveness testing was carried out on male mice (Mus musculus) by inducing edema on the soles of their feet using 0.1 ml of 1% carrageenan. This research was an experimental study with 5 treatments and 5 replications. The parameters observed were edema volume, edema percentage, and edema inhibition percentage. Edema volume measurements were taken every 60 minutes for 6 hours. The results of measuring the volume of edema were used to calculate the percentage of edema, which was then used to calculate the percentage of edema inhibition. Data on the percentage of edema inhibition were statistically analyzed using the One Way ANOVA test. Result: the results of statistical tests showed significant differences in data on the percentage of edema inhibition and the percentage of edema between treatment groups showing p<0.05. From the results of the percentage of edema inhibition, it shows that cat's whisker leaf extract with a concentration of 15% has the best anti-inflammatory effect, namely inhibition of 88.42% is the concentration with the optimum dose.
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Gitalee Sharma and Parijat Burahgohain. "Evaluation of Percentage corrosion inhibition efficiency of mild steel with derivatives of Oxazolone." JOURNAL OF ADVANCED APPLIED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 3, no. 1 (2021): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46947/joaasr312021114.
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Carbon Steel is one of the most widely used material in the transportation pipelines of Oil and Gas industry. However, they are prone to corrosion in acidic environment. As preventive measure various mitigation techniques are employed to bring a stag to its corrosion, one of which is the use of inhibitors. In the paper, the study of the inhibitive properties of two oxazolone derivatives have been reported. The compounds were synthesized at ease and in high yield. The corrosion studies were performed on carbon steel in three different concentrations of HCl (1N, 1.5N and 2.0N) solutions using weight loss coupon (gravimetric) method. 1N HCl solution was found to have the most effective inhibition property for the oxazolone derivatives. % Inhibition efficiency was found to be maximum with 100 ppm of inhibitor concentration. The results revealed oxazolone derivatives as promising effective corrosion inhibitors.
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Whang, KK, MG Lee, MS Song, and JB Lee. "ELISA inhibition test using monoclonal antibody specific for Treponema pallidum as the serologic test for syphilis." Acta Dermato-Venereologica 75, no. 5 (1995): 397–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/0001555575397399.
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Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) specific for Treponema pallidum were produced using hybridoma technology. In this study an ELISA inhibition test based on competitive inhibition by antibodies from human test sera of the binding of the enzyme-labelled Mabs to T. pallidum was performed. Inhibition of the seroreactivity of Mabs was decreased according to the dilution of rabbit antiserum to T. pallidum. Seropositivity was found in 100% of secondary and early latent syphilis patients, 75% of primary syphilis patients, and 80% of late latent syphilis patients. The mean percentage inhibition was significantly higher in each syphilis group than in the controls, and statistically significant differences were shown between all the syphilis groups. VDRL and TPHA titers were correlated with the percentage inhibitions. Therefore the ELISA inhibition test using Mab specific for T. pallidum might well be a suitable tool as a new serologic test for syphilis.
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Mohammed, Damia Hazem, and Mira Ausama Al-Katib. "Active and phenolic compounds in Spirogyra sp. PDNA1 is an antibiotic for some bacteria and fungi." Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences 7, no. 1 (2023): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.32441/kjps.07.01.p9.
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Green algae are a biological source rich in phenolic compounds and potentially inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Spirogyra sp. PDNA1 is one of the most types of green algae found in freshwater. Because of the increasing resistance of most bacteria and fungi to available antibiotics, a continuous search is required for the most effective, economical, and environmentally friendly alternatives. There are 30 compounds were identified, including alkaloids, phenols, and esters, and the highest percentage was oleic acid, with a retention time of 21.949 min and a concentration of 32.89%. The highest percentage of inhibition showed on the bacteria for the methanolic algal extract was against Salmonella typhi (22.5 mm), while the lowest percentage of it was against Bacillus cereus (10 mm). The hexane extract had the highest inhibition percentage against Salmonella typhi (19.5 mm) and the lowest inhibition percentage against Klebsiella pneumoniae (11 mm). It was also noted that the effect of the methanolic extract was highest against Trichoderma asperallum (22 mm) and the lowest percentage of inhibition against Candida albicans (7 mm), while the hexane extract recorded the highest percentage of inhibition against Candida albicans (15 mm) and the lowest percentage of inhibition was against the fungus Aspergillus Niger with inhibition diameter (8 mm). Phenols were identified by HPLC technology. The phenolic compounds included Rutin, Gallic acid, Tannic acid, Quercetin, and Kaempferol, where the highest percentage of Rutin was in the phenolic methanolic extract (240.99) ppm, Kaempferol (7.2124) ppm, while the phenolic hexane extract had the highest percentage of Rutin (19.606) ppm, Kaempferol (10.997) ppm. The phenols showed the highest inhibition rate of the phenolic-methanolic extract against (Klebsiella pneumoniae) (30) mm and the least inhibition against (Escherichia. coli) (11) mm while the phenolic hexane extract has the highest inhibition to (Salmonella typhi) (27) mm and the lowest effect was against (Escherichia coli) (10) mm. The antifungal effect of the phenolic methanolic extract recorded the highest percentage against (Candida albicans) (30) mm and had the lowest effect on Mucor racemosus (18) mm, while the phenolic hexane extract had the highest effect with Candida albicans (22.5) mm, and the least inhibition percentage was in Mucor racemosus with (11) mm. Therefore, the study aimed to isolate and identify the effective compounds of the methanolic and hexanoic extract of this algae, and active phenolic compounds were detected using GC-MS and HPLC technology.
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Daniel Ikechukwu Oraekei, Chukwuka Benjamin Uzodinma, Uchechukwu Harrison Orji, et al. "Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer and gastric histopathology activities of ethanol leaf extracts of Gongronema latifolium in diclofenac induced albino rat models." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 21, no. 3 (2024): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.3.0624.
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The stomach is the roomiest portion of gastrointestinal tract. It serves as a reservoir for ingested food, secrets enzymes and hydrochloric acid for digestion of foods. This study was aimed at evaluating the anti-ulcer activity of ethanol leaf extracts of Gongronema latifolium in diclofenac induced albino rat models. G. latifolium leaves powder (1600 g) was weighed and extracted by cold maceration for 72 hours in 15 L of ethanol. Qualitative phytochemical analysis and acute toxicity study of the extract were done. Anti-inflammatory activities of the extract were tested on both heat and hypo tonicity induced hemolysis. Ulcer index, percentage ulcer protection and percentage mucus production were estimated for various concentrations of the extract. There was also histopathology examination of the gastric epithelium. The extractive percentage yield of G. latifolium was 24.69%. The phytocomponents were small concentrations of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids and saponins. Only glycosides were present in moderately high concentrations. The median lethal dose (LD50) was ˃ 5.000 mg/kg body weight. The extract exhibited dose dependent percentage inhibition of inflammation; and at the dose of 1,000 µg/ml, attained percentage inhibitions of 86.75 and 85.87% for heat and hypo tonicity induced inflammations respectively. At the dose of 800 mg/kg body weight, Gongronema latifolium leaf extract recorded percentage ulcer inhibition of 57.18%, which was comparable with the percentage inhibition of omeprazole (62.71%). In conclusion, the good anti-ulcer activity of ethanol leaf extracts of Gongronema latifolium can be attributable to its anti-inflammatory as well as enhancement of gastric mucus production.
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Kumaji, Syam S., Sri Fujiatun Mardjun, Ani M. Hasan, Aryati Abdul, and Wirnangsi Din Uno. "Antibiofilm Potential of Pisang Batu Extract (Musa balbisiana Colla) for Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria." E3S Web of Conferences 400 (2023): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340002004.
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Phytochemical compounds present in Pisang Batu (Musa balbisiana Colla) can inhibit the growth of bacteria on the surface of a film. This study aims to determine the effect of the anti-biofilm capacity of Pisang Batu extract ( Musa balbisiana Colla) on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and to determine significant differences in the antibiofilm capacity of Pisang Batu extract (Musa balbisiana Colla) against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This study used an experimental method consisting of 6 treatments with 4 replications. The treatment group was a concentration of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, positive control (Ciprofloxacin ), and negative control (CMC 1%). Measurement of biofilm inhibition was obtained from the reading of the Optical Density Value on the tool spectrophotometer which then calculated the percentage inhibition biofilm. Data were analyzed using the One Way Anova Test and then Duncan’s Post Hoc test was carried out. The results showed that Pisang Batu extract had an effect on the antibiofilm effect of Pisang Batu extract (Musa balbisiana Colla) on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria where at a concentration of 100% an inhibition percentage value of 39.8% was obtained, a concentration of 75% obtained an inhibition percentage value of 58.03%, 50% concentration obtained inhibition percentage value of 28.11%, 25% concentration obtained inhibition percentage value of 18.06%, control positive (Ciprofloxacin ) obtained an inhibition percentage value of 95.19% and negative control (CMC 1%) obtained an inhibition percentage value of 0%. Then after further testing, a significant difference was obtained for all treatment groups with the best concentration obtained at a concentration of 75%.
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Khuram, Ashfaq* Bashir A. choudhary Muhammad Uzair Muhammad Naeem Qaisar Sajid N. Hussain1 Muhammad A. Ghaffari. "EVALUATION OF α-GLUCOSIDASE, UREASE INHIBITION AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF ACACIA JACQUEMONTII AND RHAMNUS PERSICA." Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 04, № 10 (2017): 3913–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1035239.
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The aim of this study was to investigate antioxidant, urease and α-glucosidase inhibition activities of the plants Acacia jacquemontii and Rhamnus persica. Dichloromethane and methanol extracts of the plants were evaluated for described activities. In α-glucosidase inhibition assay, dichloromethane and methanolic extracts of Acacia jacquemontii exhibited inhibitory activity of 97.9 % and 98.9 % with IC50 of 4.8 μg/ml and 1.2 μg/ml respectively while that of Rhamnus persica showed 68.8 % and 24.5% with IC50 values of 29.3 and 614.5 μg/ml respectively. The results were compared with standard, Acarbose, which showed 70.1 % inhibition with IC50 of 520 μg/ml. DPPH inhibition assay indicated that both dichloromethane and methanolic extracts of Acacia jacquemontii were active with percentage inhibition of 86.8% and 94.11 % respectively with IC50 values of 24.51 μg/ml and 9.51 μg/ml. The dichloromethane and methanolic extract of Rhamnus persica exhibited the percentage inhibition of 75.9 and 94.9 respectively with IC50 values 30.95 μg/ml and 34.77 μg/ml. Ascorbic acid was used as standard. Both the plants showed non significant activity in urease inhibition assay. These results confirm that both plant extracts possess significant α-glucosidase inhibitors and antioxidant potential, thereby providing worthy justification for isolation of novel bioactive compounds. Further study is needed to screen out antioxidants and potent enzyme inhibitors. Keywords: Acacia jacquemontii, Rhamnus persica, Antioxidant, α-Glucosidase inhibition, Urease inhibition
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Zajano, Michael J., and Anne Gorman. "Stroop Interference as a Function of Percentage of Congruent Items." Perceptual and Motor Skills 63, no. 3 (1986): 1087–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1986.63.3.1087.
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Color-word interference in the traditional Stroop paradigm was investigated as a function of the percentages of congruent and incongruent items. Over-all color-naming times decreased with increasing percentages of congruent items. The response time function was significantly deviant from linearity, suggesting the existence of sources of interference other than just response competition. While the pattern of response times was consistent with the notion that effects of selective attention may be enhanced by inhibition of information from the irrelevant dimension of words, data for errors did not support a stronger test of the inhibition concept. Topics discussed include the insensitivity of measurements of error and relatedness to other recent Stroop experiments and theories.
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Conforti, Filomena, Federica Menichini, Daniela Rigano, and Felice Senatore. "Antiproliferative Activity on Human Cancer Cell Lines after Treatment with Polyphenolic Compounds Isolated from Iris pseudopumila Flowers and Rhizomes." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 64, no. 7-8 (2009): 490–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2009-7-804.
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The present study describes the antiproliferative properties of Iris pseudopumila flowers and rhizomes extracts and fourteen constituents isolated from them. The in vitro cytotoxic activity assay against two human cancer cell lines, large lung carcinoma (CORL-23) and amelanotic melanoma (C32), showed that the most antiproliferative extract was the MeOH extract from flowers with a percentage of inhibition of 50.9 at 100 μg/ml against amelanotic melanoma cells. The most antiproliferative compounds against amelanotic melanoma cells were kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and irisolidone with a percentage of inhibition of 100 and 96.6, respectively, and against large lung carcinoma cells with a percentage of inhibition of 82.1 and 84.6, respectively. Significant activity on the amelanotic melanoma cell line was also showed by irigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, with a percentage of inhibition of 89.3. The compounds isovitexin and isoorientin-6-O’’-β-D-glucopyranoside showed a selective activity against amelanotic melanoma cells with a percentage of inhibition of 83.2 and 79.8, respectively.
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Daniel, Ikechukwu Oraekei, Benjamin Uzodinma Chukwuka, Harrison Orji Uchechukwu, et al. "Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer and gastric histopathology activities of ethanol leaf extracts of Gongronema latifolium in diclofenac induced albino rat models." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 21, no. 3 (2024): 182–91. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14050128.
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The stomach is the roomiest portion of gastrointestinal tract. It serves as a reservoir for ingested food, secrets enzymes and hydrochloric acid for digestion of foods. This study was aimed at evaluating the anti-ulcer activity of ethanol leaf extracts of <em>Gongronema latifolium</em> in diclofenac induced albino rat models. <em>G. latifolium</em> leaves powder (1600 g) was weighed and extracted by cold maceration for 72 hours in 15 L of ethanol. Qualitative phytochemical analysis and acute toxicity study of the extract were done. Anti-inflammatory activities of the extract were tested on both heat and hypo tonicity induced hemolysis. Ulcer index, percentage ulcer protection and percentage mucus production were estimated for various concentrations of the extract. There was also histopathology examination of the gastric epithelium. The extractive percentage yield of <em>G. latifolium</em> was 24.69%. The phytocomponents were small concentrations of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids and saponins. Only glycosides were present in moderately high concentrations. The median lethal dose (LD50) was ˃ 5.000 mg/kg body weight. The extract exhibited dose dependent percentage inhibition of inflammation; and at the dose of 1,000 µg/ml, attained percentage inhibitions of 86.75 and 85.87% for heat and hypo tonicity induced inflammations respectively. At the dose of 800 mg/kg body weight, <em>Gongronema latifolium</em> leaf extract recorded percentage ulcer inhibition of 57.18%, which was comparable with the percentage inhibition of omeprazole (62.71%). In conclusion, the good anti-ulcer activity of ethanol leaf extracts of <em>Gongronema latifolium</em> can be attributable to its anti-inflammatory as well as enhancement of gastric mucus production.
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Suparmajid, Armin H., Sri Mulyani Sabang, and Ratman Ratman. "Pengaruh Lama Penyimpanan Rimpang Kunyit (Curcuma domestica Vahl) Terhadap Daya Hambat Antioksidan." Jurnal Akademika Kimia 5, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/j24775185.2016.v5.i1.7921.
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The research about the effect of storage time of tumeric (curcuma domestica vahl) for inhibition of antioxidant has been conducted. The study aims to determine the effect of storage time of tumeric (curcuma domestica vahl) for inhibition of antioxidants as well as to determine how much inhibition of antioxidant found in tumeric. This study used a variation of storage time namely 8, 13 and 18 days. The extract of tumeric was obtained by maceration method using ethanol. The antioxidant activity of turmeric was measured by UV Vis spectrophotometry in which DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) as a reagent. The absorbance measurements was carried out at a wavelength of 517 nm to determine the percentage of inhibition of antioxidant in turmeric and vitamin C (as a positive control). The results revealed that percentage of inhibition of vitamin C is 56.68%, while the percentage of inhibition of turmeric decrease during storage. Based on the data obtained, turmeric with storage time of 8 days is 43.96%, turmeric with storage time of 13 days is 23.27%, and turmeric with storage time of 18 days is 11.92%. This study showed that the effect of storage time on the inhibition of antioxidant turmeric are characterized by a decrease of percentage inhibition of antioxidants in turmeric during the storage period.
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jassim, Sofia Jabbar, Ahmed Ayad Al Nuaimy, Alyaa Adnan Makki, and Hassan Abbas Al-Waeli. "Isolation and Diagnosis of Fungi Found in the Water and Beach of Sawa Lake." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1158, no. 7 (2023): 072026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1158/7/072026.
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Abstract In a study conducted to isolate and diagnose the fungi found in the waters and beach of Sawa Lake, it was found a number of fungi (Fusarium solani, Aspergillus niger and Trichothecium roseum), which had the ability to grow in PDA culture medium. It had a different frequency of appearance, it was highest in Aspergillus niger with a percentage of 32.42%, followed by the Trichothecium roseum and Fusarium solani with percentages of 25.22% and 13.24%, respectively. As for measuring the level of pathogenicity of fungal isolates on radish seeds, it was found the Trichothecium roseum gave the highest rate of inhibition of seed germination reached 90%, while Aspergillus niger gave an inhibition rate of 80% and Fusarium solani gave 60% inhibition rate of radish seed germination. The antagonistic susceptibility was also tested between fungal and six bacterial isolates using the toxic medium method, most of which were inhibiting the growth of fungi due to their production of many compounds that hindered the growth of fungi, including hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, sidrophore and IAA.
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Fradi, Ahmed Jassim. "The Effective Concentration of the Crude Extract of Mentha picata and Eucalyptus against the Growth of Fusarium oxysporum." Ibn AL-Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences 35, no. 4 (2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.30526/35.4.2848.
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This research aims to evaluate The effect of plant extract concentration as antifungal. Fusarium fungus was isolated from the eggplant and cucumber plants that infested them. These were tested for concentrations of the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum according to the food poisoning method. The inhibition rate was calculated by measuring the diameter of the colony compared to the control. The results showed that in the crude extract of Eucalyptus at a concentration of 12%, the percentage of growth inhibition was 100% on Fusarium oxysporum, compared to the crude extract of Mentha spicata where the percentage of inhibition was 80.11%. At the same concentration, and the percentage of inhibition of Eucalyptus extract At concentrations 3,6, and 9% ranged between (35.33-79.55) while the inhibition of Mentha spicata extract ranged between (17.20 - 80.11 ) at the same concentrations.
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Murtadha, Murtadha, M. Abduh Ulim, and Syamsuddin Syamsuddin. "Eksplorasi Rizobakteri Indigenous Dan Uji Antagonis Terhadap Patogen Rigidoporus microporus Dan Phellinus noxius Pada Tanaman Karet (Hevea brasiliensis) Secara In Vitro." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 3, no. 4 (2020): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v3i4.9198.
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Abstrak. Penelitian bertujuaan untuk mendapatkan isolat rizobakteri yang mampu berperan sebagai agens biokontrol terhadap pengendalian patogen R. microporus dan P. noxius secara in vitro serta sebagai agen rizobakteri pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman (RPPT). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Benih Jurusan Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam Banda Aceh, mulai Oktober sampai Desember 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap non faktorial. Faktor yang diteliti yaitu isolat rizobakteri, taraf yang dicobakan terdiri dari 15 isolat dan dua patogen antagonis R. microporus dan P. noxius, yang diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga terdapat 90 unit satuan percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunujukkan isolat rizobakteri mampu menekan pertumbuhan koloni cendawan patogen. Pada patogen uji R. microporus terdapat 3 rizobakteri yang paling baik yaitu isolat DLG5/3 dengan persentase penghambatan 68,33%, DLG4/1 dengan persentase penghambatan 66,66% dan DLG4/7 dengan persentase penghambatan 63,33%. Pada patogen uji P.noxius terdapat dua rizobakteri yang paling baik dalam menghambat pertumbuhan koloni cendawan patogen yaitu isolat DLG5/1 dengan persentase penghambatan 60,33%, dan DKP6/3 dengan persentase penghambatan 52,50%. Pada laju penghambatan isolat rizobakteri yang paling baik pada patogen R. microporus yaitu isolat DLG6/4 dan DKP4/1 dengan nilai rerata laju penghambatan 20,33 mm/hari. Pada patogen P. noxius menunjukan isolat rizobakteri yang paling baik yaitu isolat DLG4/1 dengan nilai laju penghambatan 12,05 mm/hari.Exploration of Indigenous Rizobacteria and Antagonistic Test against Patogen Rigidoporus microporus And Phellinus noxius In Rubber Plant (Hevea brasiliensis) In VitroAbstract. The research was conducted to obtain rhizobacteria isolates capable of acting as biocontrol agents on pathogen control of R. microporus and P. noxius in vitro and as plant growth promoter rhizobacteria (PGPR). The research was conducted at the Science and Technology of seed Laboratory, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam Banda Aceh, starts from October to December 2017. The research using Completely Randomized Design non factorial. Factors researched were rhizobacteria isolates, the experimental stage consisted of 15 isolates and 2 antagonist were R. microporus dan P. noxius, and 3 time repeated until be found 90 units of treatment. The results showed that rhizobacteria isolates capable to inhibith growth of colonies pathogenic. In the pathogen of R. microporus test, there are 3 better rhizobacteria were DLG5/3 isolate with 68.33% inhibition percentage, DLG4/1 with 66.66% inhibition percentage and DLG4/7 with 63,33% inhibition percentage. In the pathogen of P. noxius there are 2 best rhizobacteria inhibiting growth, DLG5/1 isolate with 60.33% inhibition percentage, and DKP6/3 with 52,50% inhibition percentage. In the pathogen of R. microporus test, there are 2 better rhizobacteria were DLG6/4 and DKP4/1 with 20,33 mm/day inhibition percentage. In the pathogen of P. noxius test, the best rhizobacteria were DLG4/1 with 12,05 mm/day inhibition percentage.
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Ben Abdallah, Fethi, Rihab Lagha, and Ahmed Gaber. "Biofilm Inhibition and Eradication Properties of Medicinal Plant Essential Oils against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates." Pharmaceuticals 13, no. 11 (2020): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph13110369.
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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that poses a high risk to patients due to the development of biofilm. Biofilms, are complex biological systems difficult to treat by conventional antibiotic therapy, which contributes to >80% of humans infections. In this report, we examined the antibacterial activity of Origanum majorana, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Thymus zygis medicinal plant essential oils against MRSA clinical isolates using disc diffusion and MIC methods. Moreover, biofilm inhibition and eradication activities of oils were evaluated by crystal violet. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis revealed variations between oils in terms of component numbers in addition to their percentages. Antibacterial activity testing showed a strong effect of these oils against MRSA isolates, and T. zygis had the highest activity succeeded by O. majorana and R. officinalis. Investigated oils demonstrated high biofilm inhibition and eradication actions, with the percentage of inhibition ranging from 10.20 to 95.91%, and the percentage of eradication ranging from 12.65 to 98.01%. O. majorana oil had the highest biofilm inhibition and eradication activities. Accordingly, oils revealed powerful antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against MRSA isolates and could be a good alternative for antibiotics substitution.
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Alyaa Abd Ali, Ayoob Obaid Alfalahi, and Aalaa Khudhair Hassan. "Antifungal Potential of Sonchus oleraceus and Lactuca virosa Extracts Against Fusarium verticillioides, the Causal Agent of Damping-Off in Sweet Corn in Iraq." Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 37, no. 2 (2025): 66–76. https://doi.org/10.21271/zjpas.37.2.7.
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A factorial experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions to evaluate the inhibitory effect of ethanomethanolic extracts of Sonchus oleraceus L. and Lactuca virosa L. against Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium oxysporum causing root and crown rot disease in sweet corn. The GC-MS analysis indicated diverse phytochemicals in both plant types, however, S. oleraceus had more active components than L. virosa. In general, Tetracosane, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and Nonadecane are the dominant active components. The results of pathogenicity revealed that the isolated fungi were pathogenic to sweet corn, as both led to significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in the percentage of infection. However, the F. verticillioides isolate had the highest infection percentage of 85.00% with significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) compared to the control group. Results of the antagonistic effect showed that the ethanomethanolic extract of S. oleraceus had the highest significant inhibitory percentages (p ≤ 0.05) against both Fusarium isolates. Furthermore, positive relationship between the investigated concentrations and the inhibition percentage towards the maximum concentration of 9 mg/mL that revealed 100% inhibition capacity. The concentration of 7% reported an inhibition rates against F. verticillioides of 87% and 81% for each of S. oleraceus and L. virosa extracts, respectively. Also, the 7 mg/mL concentration significantly reduced the radial growth of F. oxysporum fungi causing an inhibition rates of 90% and 78%, respectively. Further investigation would be valuable in precise characterization of active compounds and developing them into more sustainable fungicides.
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Waleed O.A. KaramAlla, Waleed O. A. KaramAlla, Hadia Abass Eltaib Hadia Abass Eltaib, Ghanem M. Mahjaf Ghanem M. Mahjaf, and Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad. "Detection of Antifungal Activity of Cinnamon Extract on Candida Species Isolated from Diabetic Patients with Urinary Tract Infection Pre-COVID-19 Era." SAR Journal of Pathology and Microbiology 3, no. 1 (2022): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36346/sarjpm.2022.v03i01.002.
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This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of Cinnamon extract on Candida species isolated from 100 diabetic patients suffering from urinary tract infection between May to August 2018. Twenty-five Candida species were isolated, different Candida species were isolated then identified biochemically, in vitro sensitivity testing using well diffusion technique against Cinnamon extract was done. The cinnamon extract showed good antifungal activity against Candida species. The largest zone of inhibition against Candida tropicalis was (25 mm) and the least zone of inhibition was against Candida kefyr was (10 mm). The results of antimicrobial activity of crude extract were compared with the positive control (Clotrimazole) for evaluating their relative percentage inhibition and statistical significance the aqueous extract exhibited maximum relative percentage inhibition against Candida kefyr (89%) and minimum relative percentage inhibition against Candida glabrata was (12.3%). The p. values (0.018) are statistically significant.
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Nahlé, Ayssar, Ideisan Abu-Abdoun, Ibrahim Abdel-Rahman, and Maysoon Al-Khayat. "UAE Neem Extract as a Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in HCl Solution." International Journal of Corrosion 2010 (2010): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/460154.
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The effect of aqueous extract of UAE Neem (Azadirachta Indica) on the corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in 1.0 M HCl solution was investigated electrochemically, and by weight-loss experiments at temperatures ranging from 303 to 343 K. The percentage inhibition increased with the increase of the concentration of the inhibitor. At a concentration of 2.0 g/L, the percentage inhibition reached about 87% at room temperature and 80% at 303 K. The percentage inhibition decreased with the increase of temperature. The thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption of this inhibitor on the metal surface were calculated using the Temkin adsorption isotherm. The aqueous Neem leaves extract was found to be an excellent potential corrosion inhibitor because of the high content of tannin content as well as the presence of a series of complex triterpene glycosides.
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Pila, Grace, Danny Segarra, and Marco Cerna. "Antibacterial effect of Cannabidiol oil against Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and level of toxicity against Artemia salina." Bionatura 8, no. 1 (2023): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.01.14.
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Acne is one of the most common skin pathologies; one of the causes is Propionibacterium acnes, an anaerobic and gram-positive microorganism that lives in the hair follicles of the skin and currently presents resistance to antibiotic-based treatments; this research topic has the purpose of evaluating the antibiotic activity of Cannabidiol oil against Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis and the level of toxicity against Artemia salina. For the methodology, antibiograms were used by the Kirby-Bauer method, where the concentrations were evaluated: 0,8 %; 0,6 %; 0,4 %; 0,3 % and 0,1 %; Amoxicillin for positive control and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for negative control; the percentage of inhibition against Propionibacterium acnes and two control bacteria were calculated: Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Once the percentage of inhibition was tested, a toxicity study was carried out against Artemia salina to determine its LD50. The Cannabidiol oil obtained from the Ecuadorian company was used as the antibiotic agent to be evaluated, and it was found that at a concentration of 0,8%, it presented a percentage of inhibition of 91,2 %; 98,7 % and 93,6 % against Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, respectively, data that do not present a significant difference against Amoxicillin; for the Artemia salina test, an LD50 of 4,8 % was obtained; taking into account that the commercial oil has a presentation of 1,6 % (500 mg/30 mL), it results in a relatively innocuous product. Thus concluding that Cannabidiol oil is a very promising antibiotic due to the inhibition percentages presented and low toxicity. Keywords: CBD, antibiograms, bioassay, LD50.
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Haq, Fahmy Ahsanul, Faizal Hermanto, Afifah Bambang Sutjiatmo, and Mutiara Hadi Lutfi. "PENGARUH RESVERATROL TERHADAP JALUR PERMEABILITAS BARU SEBAGAI TARGET KERJA ANTIMALARIA." Jurnal Buana Farma 4, no. 4 (2024): 395–402. https://doi.org/10.36805/jbf.v4i4.1157.
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Plasmodium is a parasite that causes malaria, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of female Anopheles mosquitoes. Plasmodium that infects red blood cells will cause the formation of new permeability pathway (NPP) in the red blood cell membrane. This change makes the red blood cell membrane more permeable, allowing various nutrients the parasite needs to enter the red blood cells. Resveratrol is a polyphenol compound that is reported to have antimalarial activity by inhibiting the growth of Plasmodium berghei. This study aims to activate the activity of resveratrol in inhibiting NPP. The study began with the preparation of blood suspensions that showed infection and non-infection, then test preparations were added and induced using sorbitol, and then hemolysis was measured using a UV-visible spectrophotometer. The test group consisted of normal groups, control and various concentrations of resveratrol, namely 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 μM. The observation parameters in this study were the percentage of hemolysis inhibition. Based on the study’s results, the percentage of hemolysis inhibition increased with increasing resveratrol concentration. The IC50 value of the NPP inhibition activity test of resveratrol was 1.025 μM. This study concludes that resveratrol can inhibit NPP in erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium berghei.
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Gumelar, Fadil Rido, Farendina Suarantika, and Bertha Rusdi. "In Vitro Evaluation of Prebiotic Potential of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) Rhizome Ethanol Extract on Lactobacillus acidophilus and Escherichia coli." Borneo Journal of Pharmacy 7, no. 3 (2024): 290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/bjop.v7i3.6029.
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Prebiotics, including carbohydrates and phenols, promote beneficial gut bacteria (probiotics). Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) rhizomes, rich in these compounds, have been traditionally used in medicine but their prebiotic potential remains unexplored. This study investigated the in vitro prebiotic effects of Z. officinale var. rubrum rhizomes on Lactobacillus acidophilus (beneficial) and Escherichia coli (opportunistic) bacteria. Prebiotic activity was assessed using a turbidimetric method, measuring bacterial growth via UV-Vis spectrophotometry at 600 nm. The prebiotic index and percentage inhibition were calculated to evaluate the impact on bacterial growth. Additionally, total phenol content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Results indicate that Z. officinale var. rubrum rhizomes exhibit prebiotic properties, stimulating L. acidophilus growth (prebiotic index of 156.035 and percentage inhibition value of -153.128%) while inhibiting E. coli growth (54.343% inhibition). The rhizomes contained 31.15 mg GAE/g extract of total phenols and 23.55% carbohydrates. These findings suggest that Z. officinale var. rubrum rhizomes possess prebiotic potential, warranting further investigation for potential applications in gut health management.
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Maharani, Endang Tri Wahyuni, Jatmiko Susilo, and Arifiani Agustin Amalia. "In Vitro Inhibition Capacity in Ca Oxalate Formation by Lemon (Citrus Lemon) Juice." Journal Of Natural Sciences And Mathematics Research 1, no. 2 (2015): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/jnsmr.2015.1.2.1638.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">This research aims to determine the inhibition capacity of lemon juice (Citrus lemon) in the formation of calcium oxalate in a variety of concentrations of 5%, 7.5%, 10% which is then compared to pure citric acid. Lemon juice contains citric acid that can inhibit calcium oxalate’s formation. Inhibitory activity found in lemon juice is examined by observing its inhibition capacity towards the formation of calcium oxalate crystal. At the end of the treatment process the turbidity level is compared to citric acid acting as an inhibitor in the formation of calcium oxalate and then the percentage of the inhibition capacity is calculated. Result of the study shows that the optimum concentration of the lemon juice (Citrus lemon) and citric acid is 10%. The inhibition capacities in calcium oxalate formation by lemon juice with concentration variations of 5%, 7.5%, 10% are 47.06%, 73.68%, 94.19% and by citric acid with concentration variations of 5%, 7.5 %, 10% are 29.90%, 30.85%, 42.30%. It can be concluded that the higher the concentration of lemon juice and citric acid used the higher the inhibition capacity of calcium oxalate. Based on the inhibition capacity percentage, lemon juice is more effective in inhibiting the formation of calcium oxalate compared to citric acid and it can function as an alternative to prevent the formation of kidney stone. © 2015 JNSMR UIN Walisongo. All rights reserved</p>
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MARIASTUTI, HIMA DEWI, SRI LISTIYOWATI, and ARIS TRI WAHYUDI. "Antifungal activity of soybean rhizosphere actinomycetes producing bioactive compounds against Fusarium oxysporum." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 6 (2018): 2127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190619.
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Mariastuti HD, Listiyowati S, Wahyudi AT. 2018. Antifungal activity of soybean rhizosphere actinomycetes producing bioactive compounds against Fusarium oxysporum. Biodiversitas 19: 2127-2133. Actinomycetes are known as the most potential source bioactive compounds. This research aimed to explore the potential of actinomycetes isolated from rhizosphere of soybean in antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum, a pathogen causing damping off, wilt, and root rot in soybean. Of 18 actinomycetes isolates tested, 9 isolates had antifungal activity against F. oxysporum in different inhibition percentages ranging from 38.69% to 73.50%. The lowest and the highest inhibition percentage were performed by ARK 63 and ARK 94 respectively. As tested by compatibility assay, all of isolates were compatible toward Bradyrhizobium japonicum, a symbiotic bacteria which colonized the soybean root confirmed by no clear zone formed in the agar medium. The activity of 9 isolates was confirmed in sterile and nonsterile soil toward in planta test. All of these isolates exhibited the consistent antifungal activity both in vitro and in planta. The diseases suppression in sterile soil was ranging from 36% to 80.7% while in non-sterile soil was ranging from 67% to 100%. The highest disease suppression in sterile soil was performed by ARK 17 while in non-sterile soil was performed by ARK 92 and ARK 94. Supporting the results, 5 crude extracts of the potential isolates also showed the antifungal activity with inhibition percentage ranging from 19% to 54.09%. The highest inhibition percentage was performed by ARK 94. ARK 94 showed consistent inhibition against F. oxysporum in vitro, in planta, and also in crude extract assay. Chemical composition of crude extract derived from ARK 94 was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Among 12 major compounds, 7 compounds act as antifungal based on some references. Based on those potential characters, this isolate is potential to be further developed as biocontrol agent.
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Sedmíková, M., J. Petr, A. Dörflerová, et al. "Inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) suppresses porcine oocyte ageing in vitro." Czech Journal of Animal Science 58, No. 12 (2013): 535–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7088-cjas.
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Oocyte ageing is a complex of processes that occur when matured in vitro oocytes are, after reaching the metaphase II stage, exposed to further in vitro culture. Aged oocytes remaining at the metaphase II stage undergo spontaneous parthenogenetic activation, or cellular death, through apoptosis (fragmentation) or lysis. The key factor in apoptotic pathway regulation is c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), stress kinase from the mitogene-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. To investigate the effect of JNK inhibition on porcine oocytes ageing, cleavage rate, and embryonic development after parthenogenetic activation, DNA fragmentation, and pro-apoptotic factor Bax expression, we cultured in vitro matured oocytes for another 1&ndash;4 days in the presence of a JNK inhibitor. The inhibition of JNK significantly protected the oocytes from fragmentation (0% of fragmented oocytes under JNK inhibition vs. 13.4% of fragmented oocytes in the control group, 2<sup>nd</sup>&nbsp;day of&nbsp;ageing) and increased the percentage of parthenogenetically activated oocytes (82 vs 57.7%, 2<sup>nd</sup> day of ageing). The embryonic development of oocytes parthenogenetically activated after 24 h of ageing was influenced by JNK inhibition as well. The percentage of oocytes at the morula stage, after seven days of cultivation, was significantly increased when oocytes aged in the presence of a JNK inhibitor (42.5%) by comparison to the percentage of oocytes exposed to ageing in an inhibitor-free medium (23.3%). DNA fragmentation was significantly suppressed by JNK inhibition from the 1<sup>st</sup> day of ageing, but the expression of pro-apoptotic factor Bax in the oocytes was not influenced. On the basis of our experiments, we can conclude that JNK inhibition suppresses apoptosis and DNA fragmentation of aged oocytes and improves their embryonic development following the parthenogenetic activation. However, to completely eliminate all ageing related processes is insufficient.
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Gargita, I. Wayan Diksa, and Khamdan Khalimi. "Uji Aktivitas Antijamur Bacillus spp. Terhadap Colletrotrichum scovilei Penyebab Antraknosa Cabai Rawit." AGRICA 16, no. 1 (2023): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37478/agr.v16i1.2702.
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Anthracnose caused by the Colletotrichum scovillei is main diseases of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) that affect on plant productivity. The control of plant diseases caused by pathogenic fungi has been widely reported by utilizing of biological agents that applied in biofungicides. Bacillus spp. was reported to have antagonistic abilities against several pathogenic fungus. The purpose of this study was to determine the antagonistic ability of several Bacillus species against Colletotrichum scovillei. The begins was rejuvenatio of the C. scovillei and B. subtillis, B. cereus, B. coagulans, B. thuringiensis that have been identified. The inhibition of Bacillus spp. on the growth and biomass of C. scovillei was tested in vitro, as well as testing the inhibition of Bacillus spp. filtrates on C. scovillei colonies. The inhibitions of Bacillus spp. against the growth of C. Scovillei were ranged from 91.36% to 96.46% and a percentage inhibition on biomass of C. scovillei were ranged from 85.35% to 88.53% compared to the control. Bacillus spp. filtrates was tested at concentrations of 20%-90% were able to inhibit the growth of C. scovillei colonies with a percentage inhibition up to 99.84%. The good quality standard of biological agent must have >70% of inhibition in vitro. The inhibition that occurs by Bacillus spp. on the growth of C. scovillei is likely due to competition for nutrient and space. And other, the possibility of an antagonistic mechanism in the form of the presence of chitinase, which is one of the antifungal metabolite compounds.
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Patricia, Okonofua Eghe, Bando Christopher David, Nuhu Tubasen Hannah, Odii Josephine Ngozi, Ayodele Rebecca, and Umahi Onu Odii. "Antibiofilm Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Seed Extract of Garcinia Kola." Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art 2, no. 4 (2024): 610–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.58578/ajstea.v2i4.3617.
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Silver nanoparticles from plant extracts are novel compounds with potential antimicrobial properties. Studies on antibiofilm activity of Ag-NPs synthesized from seed extracts of Garcinnia kola (G. kola) were carried out. Garcinnia kola seed were obtained from Keffi market, Nigeria. Green synthesis of Ag-NPs from the seed was carried using 2.0mm silver-nitrate by use of standard method. The Ag-NPs synthesized from the seed were characterized using former transmission infrared (FITR) spectroscopy and scanning election microscope. The antimicrobial activity of the Ag-NPs against Klebsiella pneumonia (Kp) isolates were carried out using agar dilution method. The biofilm formation by the isolates as well as the inhibition and dissolution by Ag-NPs were eval_uated using microplate method. The functional groups detected in the Ag-NPs were N-H, C-O, N-O, and CΞC with peaks 906.5cm-1,1282.2cm-2, 13344cm-1, 1550.6cm-1 and 217.1cm-1 respectively. The size of the particles ranges from 179-296nm. The minimum inhibiting concentration (MICs) of the particles and meropenem against the isolates were 250µg/l and 4.0µg/l. The functional inhibiting concentrates of the particles were 1.0. The optical clarity of biofilm formed by the isolates was 2.073 and 2.049. the percentage biofilm inhibiting effects of the particles was highest apart. KpC (K. Pneumoniae ATCC BAA 1075) with percentage inhibit ranges from 27.28-21.67% at 80-12.5% of the MICs. The percentage inhibiting effect of Ag-NPs in with meropenem was highest at MICs but low in MIC 12.5 with percentage inhibition 28.26% and 27.18%. The Ag-NPs alone and antibacterial activity and biofilm inhibiting effect while Ag-NPs in with meropenem had effect but against isolate but with potential antibiofilm activity.
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Al-Qudah, Mahmoud A. "Inhibition of Copper Corrosion by Flavonoids in Nitric Acid." E-Journal of Chemistry 8, no. 1 (2011): 326–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/543498.
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A study has been made to investigate the effect of some substituted flavonoids on copper dissolution in 2.0M HNO3for 4.0 hours at different temperatures by the weight loss method. Percentage of inhibition increases as concentration of the flavonoids increases and reaches a maximum value, due to the formation of a monolayer film on the surface of the metal. 92% Inhibition was observed in some of these flavonoids. As temperature increases, percentage of inhibition decreases. Energy of activations were deduced and discussed.
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Nahlé, Ayssar, Ideisan I. Abu-Abdoun, and Ibrahim Abdel-Rahman. "Effect of Temperature on the Corrosion Inhibition of Trans-4-Hydroxy-4′-Stilbazole on Mild Steel in HCl Solution." International Journal of Corrosion 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/380329.
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The inhibition and the effect of temperature and concentration of trans-4-hydroxy-4′-stilbazole on the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution was investigated by weight loss experiments at temperatures ranging from 303 to 343 K. The studied inhibitor concentrations were between M and M. The percentage inhibition increased with the increase of the concentration of the inhibitor. The percentage inhibition reached about 94% at the concentration of M and 303 K. On the other hand, the percentage inhibition decreased with the increase of temperature. Using the Temkin adsorption isotherm, the thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption of this inhibitor on the metal surface were calculated. Trans-4-hydroxy-4′-stilbazole was found to be a potential corrosion inhibitor since it contained not only nitrogen and oxygen, but also phenyl and pyridine rings that are joined together with a double bond (–C=C–) in conjugation with these rings.
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Al-Lihaibi, Sultan Semran, Ahmed Abdel-Lateff, Walied Mohamed Alarif, Hajer Saeed Alorfi, Yasuyuki Nogata, and Tatsufumi Okino. "Environmentally Friendly Antifouling Metabolites from Red Sea Organisms." Journal of Chemistry 2019 (October 30, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3278394.
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Seventy-one marine organisms representing different classes of marine fauna and flora were collected from the Red Sea. They include sponges, hydrozoan, soft corals, sea cucumber, ascidian, cyanobacteria, and macroalgae. The methanolic extracts were evaluated for their toxicity and settlement inhibition effects by using cultured Balanus amphitrite. Thirty-three extracts displayed antifouling effects: four samples were highly potent at 1 μg/mL with a percentage of settlement inhibition above 31%, twenty-two were potent at 10 μg/mL with a percentage of settlement inhibition between 16 and 30%, and seven were active at 10 μg/mL with a percentage of settlement inhibition between 0 and 15%. Two promising extracts were purified by employing several chromatographic techniques, leading to the isolation of 12 known compounds. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their antifouling activities and demonstrated potent antifouling effects with EC50 values of less than 10 μg/mL.
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Pedraza, Paula Sofía Rojas, Oscar Eduardo Rodriguez Aguirre, and Janeth del Carmen Arias Palacios. "Evaluation Of Antibacterial Activity In Pelargonium Graveolens Extracts." International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 10, no. 2 (2023): 3962–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i2.3292.
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The antibacterial activity of the total ethanolic extract and fractions of Pelargonium graveolens against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus spp. Methods: To measure the relative antimicrobial activity, the percentage of inhibition was calculated by the plate and well method. Results: It was established that the highest antimicrobial activity was presented by the oily extract without preference for Gram positive or Gram negative, the acetone fraction with a value of 58.53% inhibition. The hexane fraction has activity greater than 100% only against S. aureus. Conclusions: The extracts of P. graveolens present antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts, especially the oily extract, which presented the highest percentage of inhibition recorded against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, respectively; while for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis, the extract that presented the highest percentage of inhibition was ethyl acetate.
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EL-ASKALANY, A. H., S. I. MOSTAFA, and A. M. EID. "GREEN INHIBITORS FOR CORROSION PROTECTION OF N80 CARBON STEEL IN 1M HCl AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS." SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 20, no. 20 (2012): 77–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.48141/sbjchem.v20.n20.2012.79_revista_2012a.pdf.
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The inhibitive action of Saponinic extract of both Zygophylium album and Zygophylium Egyptian leaves which could serve as eco-friendly materials was investigated on the corrosion of N80 carbon steel in 1 M HCl solution. The techniques employed for the study were weight loss measurements. potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results obtained show that these extracts could serve as an effective inhibitor for N80 carbon steel. The percentage inhibition increases with increasing concentration of the inhibitor at 25 °C The percentage inhibitor efficiency above 90% was obtained at a concentration of 700 ppm for both extracts. The corrosion rates of steel and inhibitive efficiencies obtained from impedance and polarization measurements were in good agreement with those obtained from weight loss measurements. Potentiodynamic polarization studies clearly reveal that both extracts act as mixed-type inhibitors The study shows that the inhibition efficiency decreased with the temperature rise of the medium. Heat of adsorption and thermodynamic parameters and indicated that the adsorption process is mainly controlled by the physical adsorption process.
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Wagh, Harshada. "Anti-oxidant and Anti-bacterial activity of polyherbal formulation." International journal of therapeutic innovation 2, no. 3 (2024): 0159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.55522/ijti.v2i3.0051.
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The present work aimed to evaluate anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial activity of polyherbal formulation (gel) prepared using Tulsi, Aloe vera, Neem. It has been used for skin benefits since ancient times. Formulations were tested anti-oxidant activity by DPPH radical scavenging assay and anti-bacterial activity by disk diffusion Susceptibility Testing method. The anti-oxidant activity is exhibited in percentage inhibition. F1 formulation showed maximum percentage inhibition with increasing concentration as compared to standard ascorbic acid. The anti-bacterial activity is exhibited in zone of inhibition. The F5 formulation showed highest zone of inhibition (26.5 mm) against E. coli and zone of inhibition (26.0 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus which is an indication that F5 formulation is more effective on gram positive as well as negative bacteria.
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Onyeukwu, Onyeka Benjamin, Ogochukwu Tracy Njideaka, and Dumebi Chibuzor Dibie. "The ANTIOXIDANT AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF PHYLLANTHUS AMARUS." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 8, no. 5 (2024): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0805-2724.
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Phyllanthus amarus is a widely recognized plant that has been traditionally utilized to cure a variety of ailments. The current study explored the phytochemical and antioxidant characteristics of P. amarus methanol extract. Standard procedures were used to analyze: 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) percentage (%) inhibition, lipid peroxidation % inhibition, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). A higher quantity of the plant extract resulted in a greater inhibition of DPPH and lipid peroxidation percentage. The highest DPPH % inhibition (74.4%) and lipid peroxidation % inhibition (83.44%) were at 0.05 mg/ml while the lowest DPPH % inhibition (25.23%) and lipid peroxidation % inhibition (39.11%) was at 0.03 mg/ml (p < 0.05). The most prevalent compound was flavonoid, with a TFC of 460.22 µg/ml while the TPC was 7.428 µg/ml. Owing to its antioxidant and phytochemical qualities, P. amarus methanol extract may potentially find application in medicine.
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Ávila, Oneil Valerio, Ismael Montero Fernández, Habdel Nasser Rocha da Costa, Antonio Alves de Melho Filho, Ricardo Carvalho dos Santos, and Pedro Rômulo Estevam Ribeiro. "Bromatological Analysis, Chemical Composition and Bioassays from the Genipa americana L. (Rubiaceae)." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 3 (2018): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n3p244.
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Genipa americana L. well known as genipap, is a tree that is widely distributed throughout the Brazilian territory. The communities appreciate the genipap fruits, since they are used as food; in addition to that, their fruits have numerous seeds that can be used in the production of vegetable oil. This being, in this work inclined to a bromatological study of the genipap fruits and chemical composition and bioassays from vegetable oil seeds. Obtaining the highest percentage of lipids in the seeds that was of 7.08%, the highest percentage of humidity obtained was 74.66% present in the pulp, the highest amount of carbohydrates was found in the seeds, with a percentage of 79.37%, the highest percentage of ash present was 3.99% found in the pulp, another parameter analyzed were the proteins mostly present in the seeds with a percentage of 4.45% and finally the energy value was calculated, being the majority in the seeds with 398.98 Kcal/100 g. The fatty acid profile showed the highest percentage for the Linoleic Acid with 61.5%. The greatest inhibition in the antimicrobial assays was for S. typhimurium with 42.12% inhibition. In the tests performed for the inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase was 14.95%.
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Ijeoma, Ndu-osuoji, Ajah Obinna, Nnaoma Ikenna Elvis, and Enete Uchenna. "In vitro Hypoglycemic Effect and Antimicrobial Activity of Methanol Extract of Underutilized Leafy Vegetable (Ipomoea batatas leaf)." Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 05 (2023): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjmps.2023.v09i05.004.
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition characterized by major derangements in glucose metabolism and abnormalities in fat and protein metabolism. Diabetes and infection are among the serious health challenges. This study evaluated the in vitro and hypoglycemic effect and antimicrobial properties of methanol extract of Ipomoea batatas leaf. The antimicrobial activity was done using agar disc diffusion methods and the in vitro hypoglycemic activity was done using Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory activities assay, Lipase activity assay, Glucose absorption Capacity assay, Glucose diffusion retardation Index. The result of the percentage alpha glucosidase inhibition ranged from 35.70 to 56.33%. The percentage alpha amylase inhibition ranged from 40.96 to 65.15%. The extract showed significant (p<0.05) dose dependent inhibition of alpha glucosidase and alpha amylase. The extract possess inhibition of lipase activity with percentage inhibition ranging from 72.35 to 81.57%. Though there was non-significant (p<0.05) difference in the various concentrations of the extract on inhibition of lipase activity. The result of the glucose absorption capacity (0.30 to 2.25) was observed to be dose dependent. The glucose diffusion retardation index was time dependent. The antimicrobial susceptibility screening of extracts showed a zone of inhibition that ranged from 2.70 to 15.73mm. The study showed that Ipomoea batatas leaf could be used in the treatment and management of diabetes and infections.
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Husseini, H. A., Olonitola, O.S., and Aliyu, M. S. "Phytoconstituents and antidermatophytic activity of crude extracts of Senna occidentalis." UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR) 8, no. 1 (2023): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2381.019.
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Dermatophytes are one of the major aetiologic agents of cutaneous mycoses Senna occidentalis is among the plants used in traditional herbal medicine in treating fungal skin infections and it is shown from literature to contain phytochemicals which are attributed to its antidermatophytic activity. This work is aimed at determining the Phytoconstituents and antidermatophytic activity of leaves and seeds crude extracts of the Senna occidentalis plant . The study is a qualitative study that determines the phytoconstituents and antidermatophytic activity of the plant extracts on some clinical dermatophyte isolates. The plant parts were sampled and were used to obtain aqueous and n-hexane extracts using distilled water and n-hexane as extracting solvents respectively. Phytochemical analysis was done on the extracts to determine the presence of secondary metabolites. The antidermatophytic activity of the extracts on clinical dermatophytes isolates was determined using poisoned food technique. Aqueous extraction gave higher percentage extraction yield than n-hexane extract . All extracts contain secondary metabolites and the extracts showed varying degree of percentage growth inhibition on the isolates. Phytochemical screening of the leaves and seeds extracts of Senna occidentalis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins and other phytoconstituents. The Senna occidentalis leaves and seeds extracts showed growth inhibition percentage (I) ranging between 9% to 39.8% for n-hexane leaf extract,1.3% to 52.6% for aqueous leaf extract,2.6% to 57.2% for n-hexane seed extract and 12.8% to 61.1% for aqueous seed extract. Senna occidentalis leaves and seeds extract have shown varying potential in inhibiting dermatophyte growth with no extract having 100% inhibition percentage on all the tested dermatophytes.
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Susilowati, Dwi Ningsih. "THE POTENTIAL OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI AS BIOCONTROL AND PHOSPATE SOLUBILIZATION AGENT IN Capsicum anuum." Fungal Territory 3, no. 3 (2020): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/ft.2020.3.3.16-19.
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The productivity of chili (Capsicum annuum) in Indonesia is currently very low. Some factors that influenced it including the presence of pathogenic microorganisms which lead to the low availability of phosphate in the soil. This condition become a limiting factor for plant growth and production. Endophytic fungi can be used as antagonistic agents in inhibiting pathogenic fungi and to increase the efficiency of phosphate solubilization known as phospholytic fungi. This study aimed to find antagonistic agents from endophytic fungi that can suppress the growth of pathogenic fungi and test the ability of endophytic fungi to dissolve phosphate. Fungi isolates used were BB-Biogen collection isolates, consisting of 42 endophytic fungi isolates, and 3 pathogenic fungi isolates (Fusarium sp., Colletotrichum acutatum, Phytophthora capsici) on chili plants (C. annuum). The antagonism test was carried out using the dual culture method in the Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium for 5 days incubation at temperature (± 28 ° C). The parameters measured were based on the formation of inhibition zones and the calculation of the percentage of growth inhibition of fungi isolates. The test results obtained 7 representative fungi isolates (RIVA4, RIVA5, MIVD2, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium sp., Cladosporium oxysporum, and Chaetomium globosum). Based on the calculation of the percentage of growth inhibition, fungi isolates with RIVA5 code have a higher potential in inhibiting the growth of all three pathogenic fungi. Calculation of the percentage of endophytic fungi inhibition of RIVA5 were 70.3% (Fusarium sp.), 63.3% (C. acutatum), and 60% (P. capsici). Phosphate test was carried out by the cork borer method in pikovskaya medium for 4 days incubation at 27-28 ° C. The parameters measured were based on the formation of clear zones around the colony. There were 4 endophytic fungi isolates (MIVA4, MIVF7, Aspergillus sydowii, and A. niger) formed a clear zone around the colony, which indicates the presence of phospholytic activity. Based on the calculation of the phospholytic index, A. niger isolates have a high phosphate solubility index value of 5.
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Fadhila, Fasya, Nova Hariani, and Fatmawati Patang. "EFFECTIVENESS TESTS OF VEGETABLE INSECTICIDES ESSENTIAL OILS OF MUTMET SEED (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) AND CLOVE FLOWER (Syzygium aromaticum L.) ON RICE BEETLE MORTALITY AND DEVELOPMENT Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus, 1763)." Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika dan IPA 14, no. 2 (2023): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jpmipa.v14i2.65300.
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This study aims to analyze the inhibition of the development of the F1 generation of rice beetles by nutmeg and clove flower essential oils, and to determine the mortality of rice beetles against nutmeg and clove flower essential oils. The stages of the research started from rearing the rice beetle, preparing test insects, making variations in doses, treatments, and analysis. Two tests were conducted in the study, the first for inhibition of F1 generation activity and the percentage of mortality using the contact method (filter paper). The results showed that nutmeg and clove oil had an effect on the inhibition of the rice beetle F1 generation. Nutmeg oil has the best inhibition power with the percentage of F1 generation inhibition up to 100%. The mortality test using the filter paper method showed that for 48 hours nutmeg essential oil was able to kill rice beetles at all concentrations, namely 5-20% to 100%, while the percentage of 100% mortality was only found in the treatment with clove oil at the highest concentration (20%). The results showed that nutmeg oil showed better results than clove oil for controlling S. oryzae warehouse pests.
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Sukmawati, Dalia, Atin Supiyani Supiyani, Zakiah Nur Afifah, et al. "Kemampuan Kapang Dark Septate Endophyte dari Akar Tanaman Aren dalam Menghambat Ganoderma sp." Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 29, no. 2 (2024): 278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18343/jipi.29.2.278.
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Ganoderma is a fungal pathogen that can cause rot disease at the base of plant stems. This disease threatens oil palm production, especially in Southeast Asia. Trichoderma sp. fungi can control Basal Stem Rot disease in Ganoderma boninense but are ineffective. One solution that can be done to inhibit the growth of Ganoderma sp. is by using Dark Septate Endophyte (DSE) fungi. Research on DSE isolated from sugar palm (Arenga pinnata Merr.) has not been widely studied. The sugar palm plant is related to the oil palm plant in the Arecaceae family. This study aims to analyze the potential of DSE fungi from the roots of the sugar palm plant in inhibiting the pathogenic fungi Ganoderma sp. The stages of this research were isolation and purification of DSE fungi from sugar palm roots, DSE antagonists against Ganoderma sp., and DSE volatile compounds against Ganoderma sp. The results of isolation and purification showed that there were 18 DSE isolates grouped based on morphological similarities in the form of DSE fungi colony colors, where there were ten fungi isolates representing ten different colony colors, namely, isolate A.3.1 (1); A.3.2 (2); A.4.1 (2); A.4.1 (3); A.4.2; A.5.2; A.5.3; A.6.1(a); A.6.2(a); A.6.4(a). A total of 8 fungi isolates were tested for antagonists and volatile compound testing on Ganoderma sp. The results of the antagonist test showed that DSE A4.1(2) had the highest percentage of inhibition with a value of 36.12%, and isolated A6.2 had the highest percentage of inhibition and the lowest with a value of 15.65%. The testing results for volatile compounds showed that the isolate of DSE A4.2 had the highest percentage of inhibition against Ganoderma sp. at 18.25%. In comparison, the lowest inhibition percentage was obtained from DSE A5.2 fungi isolate with a value of 0.43%.
 
 Keywords: dark septate endophyte, ganoderma, sugar palm (Arenga pinnata Merr.)
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Nagalakshmi, S., P. Saranraj, and P. Sivasakthivelan. "Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and percentage Bacterial Growth Inhibition of essential oils against Gram Positive Bacterial pathogens." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 3 (2019): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i3.2596.
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Essential oils and volatile constituents extracted from Aromatic plants are frequently used in folk medicine for prevention and treatment of different human diseases. The urge to develop alternative treatment strategies follows three different directions. In the present study, an attempt has been planned to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Percentage Growth Inhibition of Essential oils against two Gram positive bacterial pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The Essential oils selected for the present study was collected from Sidha Medicine Shop, Tirupattur, Vellore district, Tamil Nadu, India. The Broth dilution method was used for the determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Essential oils. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) studies were conducted by using various concentrations of Essential oils viz., 25 µl/ml, 50 µl/ml, 75 µl/ml and 100 µ/ml. The Essential oils exhibits inhibitory activity against Gram positive bacteria in all the concentrations. Among the seven Essential oils tested, Mahualongif oil has showed maximum percentage bacterial growth inhibition when compared to other Essential oils. The inhibitory activity of Mahualongif oil was observed more in Staphylococcus aureus when compared to Bacillus subtilis. For Staphylococcus aureus, lowest inhibitory percentage was noticed in Pungam oil and for Bacillus subtilis lowest inhibitory percentage was noticed in Coconut oil.
 Keywords: Essential oils, Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), Percentage bacterial growth inhibition, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus.
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Babafemi Tosin Ogunbiyi, Oluwaseyi Adegoke Adetunji, Olubunmi Esther Ogunbiyi, Gogonte Hezekiah Amah, Modupe Olusola Adetayo, and Laide Omoyiola Olajide. "In vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of methanol extract of Vitellaria paradoxa seed (shea seed)." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 11, no. 3 (2021): 057–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.11.3.0422.
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Vitellaria paraodoxa (shea tree) is the source of shea seed from which the well-known shea butter is derived. The methanol extract of shea seed was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities using diclofenac sodium and ascorbic acid as standard respectively in in vitro methods. The anti-inflammatory activity was determined by inhibition of protein denaturation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and erythrocyte membrane stabilization of human red blood cell. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays. The results showed that methanol extract of V. paradoxa seed at different concentration protects the heat induced protein denaturation with the maximum percentage inhibition of 27% (IC50=303.0 µg/mL, p<0.05) at 500µg/mL compared to the standard drug which induced maximum inhibition of 45% (IC50=261.4 µg/mL, p<0.05) at 500 µg/mL and the control. The percentage inhibition of the methanol extract and standard drug in erythrocyte stabilization assay increased in a concentration dependent manner with maximum inhibitory activity of 96.9% (IC50=31.47 µg/mL, p<0.05) and 95% (IC50=33.89 µg/mL, p<0.05) at 2000 µg/ml respectively, which indicates that methanol extract stabilized erythrocyte membrane against hypotonic induced hemolysis in a blood sample better than the standard drug. The maximum percentage inhibition of methanol extract and standard drug in DPPH assay were found to be at 97% (IC50=8.95 µg/mL, p<0.05) and 98% (IC50=6.72 µg/mL, p<0.05) respectively at 100 µg/ml. The absorbance of the reductive capacities in FRAP assay indicates that the methanol extract has higher reducing potency in a concentration dependent manner. The methanol extract exhibited total antioxidant capacity of 0.25 ± 0.04 µg/(AAE/g) when compared to the standard drug 0.87 ± 0.03 µg/(AAE/g) at highest concentration of 100 µg/ml. For TBARS assay, low absorbance value indicate a high level of inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The maximum percentage inhibition of methanol extract was 97.5 % (IC50=51.79 µg/mL, p<0.05) and ascorbic acid was 99% (IC50=52.30 µg/mL, p<0.05) at concentration of 20 µg/ml. The assay indicates that the methanol extract has higher inhibiting potency in a reverse concentration dependent manner. In conclusion, V. paradoxa seed may possess strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities which could constitute a potential source for development of new therapy.
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Kadhim, Wejdan Reiahd, and Ahad A. H. Matloob. "Biological control of fig root rot disease." Journal of Kerbala for Agricultural Sciences 9, no. 3 (2022): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.59658/jkas.v9i3.1003.
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The study aimed to isolate and diagnose pathogens of fig root rot disease in addition to evaluation effect of the biological control agents Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium cyclpium in control of the pathogens of fig root rot. It was found fungi accompanying the roots of fig plantlets. Fusarium solani was the most frequent pathogenic fungus, followed by Rhizoctonia solani. The results showed a high effectiveness of biological agents in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic fungi, as the percentage of inhibition of the fungus T. harzianum against the fungus F. solani reached 100%. The percentage of inhibition against the pathogenic fungus R.solani was 89.99%. As for the bioagent P. cyclopium, the results displayed its high antagonistic ability against the two pathogenic fungi. As well as, the test results revealed the antagonistic ability of the microorganism EM-1 formula against the pathogenic fungi F.solani and R.solani that cause the root rot disease of fig plantlets.
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Ahmed, Manhal F. "Cytotoxic effect of green tea leaf extract on tumor cell line." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 41, no. 1 (2017): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v41i1.83.
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The study was conducted to evaluate antitumor effects of green tea (Camellia sinensis) extracts (aqueous and methanolic) on Rhabdomyosarcoma; cell line and a normal cell line; mouse embryo fibroblast; Chemical detections of green tea extracts revealed that the aqueous and methanolic extracts were positive for flavonoids, alkaloids, phenol and glycosides. The percentage growth inhibition of five plant concentrations (50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 µg/ml) were assessed in vitro using tumor cell lines Rhabdomyosarcoma and normal cell line mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The results revealed that the five concentrations of the plant extracts showed anti-tumor properties in a concentration-dependent manner, and the methanolic extract recorded better values of percentage growth inhibition than the aqueous extract in Rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines, while, less percentage growth inhibition values were recorded in the mouse embryo fibroblast cell line.
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Himabindu K and Vijayalakshmi A. "In-vitro Acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant activity of Ficus dalhousie and Melissa parviflora Benth." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (2021): 8065–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.4817.
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Ficus dalhousie and Melissa parviflora Benth both plants have been used as Tranquiliser, Relaxants, Nervine tonic and Calming aids throughout the world. The present study was aimed to identify the antioxidant potential of the Ethyl acetate and Hydro alcoholic extract of these plants by in vitro methods. Anti-Alzheimer activity of the plant extract were screened by Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and antioxidant by DPPH and Hydrogen oxide. The results of the assays were calculated by the percentage inhibition of these free radicals. In Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) assay inhibitory potentials of Ficus dalhousie exhibited 73.34 ± 1.12%, whereas in Melissa arviflora it was 86.88± 2.12%. In DPPH radical scavenging assay the percentage inhibition was 77.87 ± 2.02% in Ficus dalhousie and 76.92± 1.32% in Melissa arviflora. Hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay the percentage inhibition was 86.56 ± 1.05% in Ficus dalhousie and 80.75± 1.92% was in Melissa arviflora. In all the research assays, the extract showed a concentration dependent increase in free radical scavenging activity. The results revealed that the antioxidant effects of the plant extract might be due to the presence of phenol and flavonoid compounds.
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D, Anand, Sathish M та Dhivya Ls. "IN VITRO α-AMYLASE AND Α-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITOR ACTIVITIES OF ALBIZIA PROCERA STEM BARK". Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, № 9 (2018): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i9.27002.
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Objective: This current study was carried out to determine the in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of extract and fractions of Albizia procera. Methods: The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assay was carried out at concentrations 50–2000 μg/ml and acarbose used as standard. The absorbance was measured at 540 nm and recorded by spectrophotometer. Percentage inhibition was calculated for both the assays. Preliminary phytochemical screening was also evaluated using standard procedures.Results: There was a dose-dependent percentage inhibition of extracts (petroleum ether and ethanol) and fractions (chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol). The ethanol extract and n-butanol fraction show good inhibitory activity against both α-amylase and α-glucosidase with the percentage inhibition of 86.20% and 88.20% and 83.13% and 87.10%, respectively. The preliminary phytochemical screening shows that ethanol extract consists of active constituents such as flavonoids and phenolic compounds and tannins.Conclusion: This finding suggests that the ethanol extract and n-butanol fraction show good inhibitory activity against both α-amylase and α-glucosidase and show good antidiabetic activity.
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Silas Elisée Ahouman Djoman, Boris Abel Kouakou, Rose-Monde Mégnanou та Gladys Ginette Doué. "Potential exploitation of Shea press cakes in glycaemia regulation: Inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase by protein and methanolic extracts". GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 15, № 02 (2021): 083–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.15.2.0119.
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Shea (Vitellaria paradoxa) tree is integrally used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several health disturbances. Its kernels fat is widely exploited for food, medicinal and cosmetic purposes. Nevertheless germinated kernels are considered as waste, whereas shea germinative power would be very high. Their anti-diabetic ability was evaluated in vitro, in ordre to highlight their pharmacological benefits. Therefore, both proteins (crude, digested and dialysed ones) and hydroalcoholic extracts, were prepared from germinated and ungerminated shea seed press cakes. The anti-diabetic essay was carried out by evaluating extracts inhibiting power on both α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. Proteins were quantified by spectrophotometry (214 nm). Results revealed that the protein content of the extracts from germinated seed cakes was 450 mg/100 g and that of the extracts from ungerminated shea seed cakes was 410 mg/100 g. The percentage of inhibition of α-amylase by the dialysed extracts of germinated shea seeds, in this case the external dialysate of germinated seed, presented the best rate of inhibition with 30.21 %. Contrary to the percentage of inhibition of α-amylase, the highest rates of inhibition of α-glucosidase were recorded with the crude protein extracts of sprouted seeds (82.02 %) and unsprouted seeds (62.32 %). For methanolic extracts, the highest inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase was recorded by the ungerminated seeds, with 42.61% for α-amylase and 97.47% for α-glucosidase. These results show that protein extracts of shea seed cakes may play a role in blood glucose regulation.
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Nugroho, Priyo Adi, and Cici Indriani Dalimunthe. "ISOLASI DAN UJI ANTAGONIS BAKTERI ASAL TANDAN KOSONG SAWIT YANG DIAPLIKASIKAN PADA AREAL TANAMAN KARET TERHADAP PENYAKIT JAMUR AKAR PUTIH (R. microporus)." Jurnal Agro Estate 4, no. 2 (2020): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47199/jae.v4i2.181.
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The concern of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) utilization in the rubber field that potential to be a host of white root disease needs to be deeply investigated. The objective of this study was to assess the bacteria on the surface of OPEFB that able to inhibit the growth of R. microporus fungi. The antagonistic assay of eight isolates of bacteria against R. microporus fungi was conducted in the Plant Protection Laboratory of Sungei Putih Research Centre. The isolates were isolated from the surface of OPEFB applied in the rubber field. Nutrient agar (NA) was employed in the isolation and purification of bacteria. The antagonistic assay was carried out in vitro using the dual culture method. The observation was performed on 2, 4, 6, and 8 days after incubation (DAI). The result indicated that the eight isolates have varied in inhibition ability of R. Microporus fungi. The initial inhibition was started since 2 DAI particularly in the isolates B2, B3, B4, and B7. The percentage of inhibition were 30%, 60%, 65% dan 69% respectively. Until 8 HSI, the isolates B2, B3, B4, B6, B7, and B8 were still inhibiting the growth of R. microporus fungi > 80%. The isolates B3 and B4 showed the best performance in fungi inhibition with the percentage > 95%. Whereas, the ability of inhibition of the isolates B1 and B5 were very low as < 50%. The existence of such antagonistic bacteria perhaps led to OPEB was not role as the host of white root disease while applied in the rubber field