Contents
Academic literature on the topic 'Percentage of heartwood'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Percentage of heartwood.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Percentage of heartwood"
1
Narayanan, C., P. H. Chawhaan, and A. K. Mandal. "Inheritance Pattern of Growth and Wood Traits in Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.)." Silvae Genetica 58, no. 1-6 (2009): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2009-0013.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Inheritance pattern of wood traits, especially heartwood/ sapwood percentage and specific gravity and interactions of wood traits with other growth traits were investigated in a 27-year-old half-sib progeny trial of teak. Wood traits showed highly significant variation for specific gravity, heartwood and sapwood percentage at family level. There was non-significant family vs. replication variation for these traits. Among the growth traits, there was significant variation for height and girth. Families and individual trees showed varying levels of heritability. Among the growth traits, height showed high heritability (individual tree heritability, h2 (i) = 34.3%; family heritability, h2 (f ) = 34.1%) followed by girth (h2 (i) = 19.4%; h2 (f ) = 31.4%). Among the wood traits, maximum heritability values were obtained for sapwood percentage (h2 (i) = 76.6%; h2 (f ) = 70.7%) and heartwood percentage (h2 (i) = 76.9%; h2 (f ) = 69.7%). Specific gravity exhibited heritability values of 29.1 and 41.8%, at individual tree and family level, respectively. Family heritability was higher than single-tree heritability for specific gravity; single-tree heritability exceeded family heritability for heartwood percentage. Specific gravity exhibited significant positive genotypic correlation with heartwood percentage suggesting that improvement in heartwood percentage would lead to a correlated improvement in specific gravity. Heartwood percentage showed significant positive correlation with growth traits viz., height and girth. Some of the families showed good GCA for growth and wood traits investigated. The good general combiners identified in the present study can be used for establishment of advanced generation seed orchards and breeding arboreta for improvement of teak for specific or combination of above traits.
2
Zhang, Ruping, Bingshan Zeng, Tianxiao Chen, and Bing Hu. "Genotype–Environment Interaction and Horizontal and Vertical Distributions of Heartwood for Acacia melanoxylon R.Br." Genes 14, no. 6 (2023): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14061299.
Full textAbstract:
Acacia melanoxylon (blackwood) is a valuable wood with excellent-quality heartwood extensively utilized worldwide. The main aim of this study was to confirm the horizontal and vertical variation and provide estimated values of genetic gains and clonal repeatabilities for improving breeding program of A. melanoxylon. Six blackwood clones at 10 years old were analyzed in Heyuan and Baise cities in China. Stem trunk analysis was conducted for sample trees to explore the differences between heartwood and sapwood. The heartwood radius (HR), heartwood area (HA), and heartwood volume (HV) in heartwood properties decreased as tree height (H) in growth traits increased, and the HV = 1.2502 DBH (diameter at breast height)1.7009 model can accurately estimate the heartwood volume. Furthermore, G × E analysis showed that the heritabilities of the eleven indices, including DBH, DGH (diameter at ground height), H, HR, SW (sapwood width), BT (bark thickness), HA, SA (sapwood area), HV, HRP (heartwood radius percentage), HAP (heartwood area percentage), and HVP (heartwood volume percentage) were between 0.94 and 0.99, and repeatabilities of the eleven indices were between 0.74 and 0.91. Clonal repeatability of DBH (0.91), DGH (0.88), and H (0.90) in growth traits, HR (0.90), HVP (0.90), and HV (0.88) in heartwood properties were slightly higher than for SA (0.74), SW (0.75), HAP (0.75), HRP (0.75), and HVP (0.75). These data also implied that the growth characteristics of heartwood and sapwood of blackwood clones were less affected by the environment and had substantial heritability.
3
Vasishth, A., and A. Kaushal. "Effect of Khair tree (Acacia catechu Willd.) age on Katha and Cutch yield and biomass production." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 9, no. 3/4 (2002): 106–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2002-40w266.
Full textAbstract:
Khair tree of 5-6, 10-11, 15-16 and 20-21 years age classes were felled and diameter and height of the tree were measured. Sapwood percentage, heartwood percentage and katha and cutch yield were determined. Diameter, height and heartwood percentage of khair tree increased with increase in age whereas, sapwood percentage and ratio of sapwood to heartwood decreased with age. No heartwood formation was observed in 5-6 years old trees. Katha content was found maximum (6.31%) in 20-21 years old tree and minimum (2.22%) in 10-11 years old tree. Cutch yield did not vary significantly between 15-16 and 20-21 years age classes of khair trees.
4
YAMAMOTO, Koichi. "Comparative decay resistance of plantation-grown and naturally-grown teak wood (Tectona grandis L.f.)." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 358 (December 25, 2023): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2023.358.a37246.
Full textAbstract:
Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) is one of the most popular tropical timber species for its natural durability. The sapwood, the outer, middle, and inner heartwood, and the pith of plantation-grown teak in Indonesia and naturally grown teak in Myanmar were tested for decay resistance (a major component of natural durability), applying an accelerated decay test according to JIS Z 2101 (1994), and using a white rot fungus (Trametes versicolor) and a brown rot fungus (Fomitopsis palustris). Wood blocks 20 × 20 × 10 mm in size were cut from discs across the radius of the stem. The percentage mass loss in each block caused by decay was obtained after 12 weeks of incubation with these fungi. Mean mass losses due to T. versicolor were respectively as follows for plantation-grown, naturally-grown (No. 1), and naturally-grown (No. 2) teak: sapwood 21.4%, 7.1%, “no data”; outer heartwood 0.6%, 3.6%, 6.6%; middle heartwood 2.3%, 6.5%, 5.7%; inner heartwood 10.3%, 9.6%, 6.0%; pith 13.0%, 15.3%, 8.2%. Losses due to F. palustris were, respectively: sapwood 7.5%, 3.0%, 7.5%; outer heartwood 0.0%, 2.5%, 2.7%; middle heartwood 0.0%, 2.2%, 2.3%; inner heartwood 4.9%, 2.0%, 3.4%; pith 13.6%, 8.4%, 8.0%. Durability was classified with reference to Osborne (1970), based on the mean percentage weight loss of heartwood caused by fungal decay. Only the outer and middle heartwood were generally durable in both plantation-grown and naturally grown teak specimens. The inner heartwood was moderately durable, but pith durability was low. No clear differences in decay resistance were found between plantation-grown and naturally-grown teak.
5
Woeste, K. E. "Heartwood production in a 35-year-old black walnut progeny test." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32, no. 1 (2002): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-177.
Full textAbstract:
A 35-year-old black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) progeny test was evaluated for growth and production of heartwood. The test trees, which were open-pollinated progeny of select females in seven states, were planted on a good-quality, uniform site in Wabash County, central Indiana, U.S.A. Increment cores were used to estimate the amount of heartwood at 1.3 m above ground level. There were significant differences among open-pollinated families (α = 0.10) for both area of heartwood and percent area of heartwood. Narrow-sense heritability estimates for these traits were moderate (0.40 and 0.27), indicating opportunity for gain from selection. Faster growing trees had more heartwood and a higher percentage of heartwood area in cross section. Genetic correlations indicated that the rate and amount of heartwood formation is closely related to diameter growth.
6
Bergström, B., R. Gref, and A. Ericsson. "Effects of pruning on heartwood formation in Scots pine trees." Journal of Forest Science 50, No. 1 (2012): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4595-jfs.
Full textAbstract:
The object of this study was to investigate the effect of pruning on heartwood formation in mature Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees. Fifty trees were treated by three different intensive pruning regimes: 42, 60 and 70 percentage of defoliation. After five growing seasons numbers of growth rings were counted and the width and the area of sapwood and heartwood were calculated. The results did not show any proportional increase or decrease in the heartwood area or in the number of growth rings in heartwood associated with the pruning. A statistically significant negative effect of pruning was found on the width of the five most recently formed sapwood growth rings. This decreased growth rate did not influence the ratio of sapwood and heartwood. However, it cannot be excluded that the proportion of heartwood may increase during a longer period. It is concluded that pruning is not a practicable silvicultural method for regulating heartwood formation in mature Scots pine trees.
7
Fujii, Tomoyuki, Youki Suzuki, and Naohiro Kuroda. "Bordered Pit Aspiration in the Wood of Cryptomeria Japonica in Relation to Air Permeability." IAWA Journal 18, no. 1 (1997): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001462.
Full textAbstract:
Aspiration of bordered pits in Cryptomeria japonica (L. f.) D. Don was studied in relation to the air permeability in sapwood, transition zone wood, and heartwood. The percentage of aspirated pits relative to the total number of bordered pits with observable tori was determined in samples that were epoxy-embedded and thin sectioned. Air permeability of air-dried and freeze-dried wood samples was measured following the method described by Siau (1984). Pit membrane structure of air-dried and freeze-dried samples was investigated by scanning electron microscopy on split radial surfaces. It is proposed that pit aspiration progresses during heartwood formation as already reported, but the pit aspiration was frequently incomplete and the percentage varied between individuals. The pit aspiration percentage was not obviously related to the sample's initial green moisture content or heartwood color. The results from permeability measurement and SEM observation on air- and freeze-dried samples suggest that pit aspiration occurred in sapwood samples (the initial moisture content of which ranged from 200 to 300%) during air-drying and caused a significant decrease in permeability confirming the pit aspiration mechanism proposed by Hart and Thomas (1967). In the heartwood, encrustation of pit membranes prevented aspiration during air-drying.
8
Lekha, Chander, and Kulwant Sharma. "Provenance variation in growth characteristics of Acacia catechu Willd. in Himachal Pradesh, India." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 16, no. 4 (2009): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2009-4ee7b6.
Full textAbstract:
The present study was conducted in the provenance trail of Acacia catechu raised at Regional Horticulture Research Station, Jachh, Himachal Pradesh, India (32o18’N and 75o55’E, 428 m above mean sea level alt., 1000-1250 mm rainfall. Significant variations (P<0.05) were observed for height, diameter (DBH), sapwood, heartwood percentage and above ground biomass among the provenances. Wide ranges in the means were exhibited by height (6.76 m to 9.74 m), DBH (10.20 cm to 15.25 cm), sapwood (41.60-67.72%), heartwood (21.13-47.91%), above ground biomass (20.20 kg to 54.49 kg per tree) of tress. The highly significant and positive correlation (0.6632) was found between diameter and above ground biomass of trees. The highly significant and negative correlation (-0.9752) was recorded between heartwood and sapwood percentage. The heritability estimates (98%) were highest for height and lowest (13.1%) for bark percentage. The genetic gain and genetic advance were the highest (42.81%, 24.31%) for sapwood and least (4.82%, 0.46%) for bark percentage. The genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation ranged from 6.19% to 23.89%, and 6.43% to 34.54%, respectively for different parameters. The variations are useful for breeding work on this important multipurpose tree of subtropical regions.
9
Igartúa, Dora-Virginia, Karen Moreno, and Silvia-Estela Monteoliva. "Acacia melanoxylon in Argentina: heartwood content and its relationship with site, growth and age of the trees." Forest Systems 26, no. 1 (2017): e007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2017261-10195.
Full textAbstract:
Aims of study: To characterize the wood of Acacia melanoxylon in relation to its potential use in the construction and furniture industry, here we determined the heartwood and sapwood content and distribution within the stem and analyzed their relationship with the growing site, age and growth rate of the trees. Finally, we predicted heartwood content by two easy-to-measure variables.Area of study: Buenos Aires, Argentina.Methods: 20 trees aged between 9 and 32 years were sampled in four sites. Axial sampling was carried out at four heights of the stem (base, breast height, and 30% and 50% of the total height), and the heartwood content (percentage and volume) and sapwood content (cm) determined.Results: The trees analyzed presented conical-shaped heartwood following the outline of the stem along all its commercial height. Within the stem, the highest volume of heartwood was observed at the basal region (53%) and up to 30% of total height, a feature observed in all the sites studied. The sapwood content was constant along the entire stem (2.18 cm). The age of the trees did not influence the heartwood content, whereas the environmental conditions provided by each site (heartwood/volume and heartwood/diameter growth positive ratios) did affect this feature.Research highlights: The absolute amount of heartwood was driven by growth rate, due to the forest structure of non-uniform age. The heartwood volume can be estimated through fitting linear equations (R2 0.78 - 0.89) with two easily measurable variables such as diameter at breast height and tree height.
10
Millers, M. "The proportion of heartwood in conifer (Pinus sylvestris L., Picea abies [L.] H. Karst.) trunks and its influence on trunk wood moisture -." Journal of Forest Science 59, No. 8 (2013): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/29/2013-jfs.
Full textAbstract:
As the tree age increases, the formation of heartwood takes place in the central part of the tree. Since there is a large difference in the moisture content between sapwood and heartwood in conifers, the proportion of heartwood expressed in percentage is one of the most important factors influencing the average moisture of trunk wood. The aim of the research was to find out the changes in parameters of heartwood proportion and the changes in average trunk wood moisture parameters, depending on the age of the tree. To evaluate and compare the heartwood proportion in pine and spruce trunk and its moisture, sample plots were established throughout the territory of Latvia in 2011. These sample plots were established in stands of different ages (37&ndash;143 years). The total number of sample plots was 61&ndash;29 for pines with 246 sample trees and 32 sample plots for spruces with 270 sample trees. With the increase in the tree age from 60 to 140 years, the heartwood proportion increases and the average moisture content of trunk wood decreases. With an increase of the heartwood proportion in pine from 18% to 39%, the average moisture of trunk wood decreases from 108% to 86%, but with an increase of the heartwood proportion in spruce from 30% to 49%, the average moisture content of trunk wood decreases from 107% to 81%. &nbsp;