Academic literature on the topic 'Percentage share'
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Journal articles on the topic "Percentage share"
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Aslam, Muhammad Adnan. "Does the Percentage of Investment Grades Given by Rating Agencies Impact their Market Share?" Financial Markets, Institutions and Risks 4, no. 1 (2020): 5–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/fmir.4(1).5-31.2020.
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The credit rating industry has controlled by three core credit rating agencies; Fitch, Moody’s, and S&P that are contributing to financial markets by providing reliable and transparent credit rating information on which stakeholders can rely. These key players could manipulate this information by allocating high percentages of quality ratings just for the sake of increasing their market shares. This research is conducting to examine the impact of assigning the percentage of investment grades given by CRA’s on their market share. This research will attain following objectives: firstly, to identify quality ratings assigned for each set of top banks from UK & USA and categories them yearly; secondly, to examine their market share on the basis of percentage of IG grade given; thirdly, to access the modeling and impacts of the financial crisis on the market share of CRA’s; finally, to determine the relationship between CRA’s market share and percentage of IG given. This research gives a detailed analysis of the percentage of IG assigned by CRA’s and their market share which consists of general analysis and econometric analysis. Moreover, the research methodology is a quantitative method for achieving all research objectives. For general analysis, we make a comparative study to find the impacts of high-quality ratings against their market share and evaluate the growth rate in their market share. Whereas, for econometrics analysis, we regress the market share of CRA’s against the percentage of investment grades given and use lagged variables to understand the changes in market share. Besides, this allows us to find the relationship between CRA’s and the percentage of IG given. Hence, the results from both analyses have exposed that there is a positive correlation between CRA’s market share and the percentage of IG given. It is revealed that there is an increase in the market share of CRA’s on assigning a high percentage of IG given by CRA’s and a negative growth rate shown in market share for those years in which they allocate less number of quality ratings. However, due to financial crisis and adjustment in credit rating standards, there is a general fall in the number of ratings assigned by CRA’s which very influences their market share. Keywords: investment grades; market share; credit rating agencies; financial crisis; modeling of banks ratings.
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Kusuma Negara, Iwan, and Winda Paramitha. "ANALISIS PENGARUH JUMLAH SAHAM BEREDAR, HARGA SAHAM DAN PERSENTASE SAHAM PUBLIK TERHADAP LIKUIDITAS SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR SUB SEKTOR INDUSTRI MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA." Distribusi - Journal of Management and Business 5, no. 2 (2018): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jdm.v5i2.24.
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ABSTRACTThis research aims to analyze the influence of the number of shares outstanding, share price, and percentage of public shares on stock liquidity of food and beverage manufacturing companies listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange in the period of 2010-2015. Type of research used is associative research with quantitative approach. The sampling technique is using purposive sampling. The analytical tool used multiple linear regression analysis where previously tested the classical assumption. The result of this research indicates that partially the number of shares outstanding has positive and significant influence on stock liquidity. While share price, and percentage of public shares partially have positive influence not significant on stock liquidity. The value of adjusted R square shows that the number of shares outstanding, share price, and percentage of public shares are able to explain the stock liquidity equals to 64.8 per cent. Another finding in this research shows that the number of outstanding shares has the most dominant influence on stock liquidity.Keywords: Number of shares outstanding, share price, percentage of public shares, and stock liquidity.
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Kusuma Negara, Iwan, and Winda Paramitha. "ANALISIS PENGARUH JUMLAH SAHAM BEREDAR, HARGA SAHAM DAN PERSENTASE SAHAM PUBLIK TERHADAP LIKUIDITAS SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR SUB SEKTOR INDUSTRI MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA." Distribusi - Journal of Management and Business 5, no. 2 (2018): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/distribusi.v5i2.24.
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ABSTRACTThis research aims to analyze the influence of the number of shares outstanding, share price, and percentage of public shares on stock liquidity of food and beverage manufacturing companies listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange in the period of 2010-2015. Type of research used is associative research with quantitative approach. The sampling technique is using purposive sampling. The analytical tool used multiple linear regression analysis where previously tested the classical assumption. The result of this research indicates that partially the number of shares outstanding has positive and significant influence on stock liquidity. While share price, and percentage of public shares partially have positive influence not significant on stock liquidity. The value of adjusted R square shows that the number of shares outstanding, share price, and percentage of public shares are able to explain the stock liquidity equals to 64.8 per cent. Another finding in this research shows that the number of outstanding shares has the most dominant influence on stock liquidity.Keywords: Number of shares outstanding, share price, percentage of public shares, and stock liquidity.
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Arestis, Philips, Jesús Ferreiro, and Carmen Gómez. "Labour market flexibilization and income distribution in Europe." Panoeconomicus 68, no. 2 (2021): 167–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan2102167a.
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This paper analyses the role played by the flexibilization of labour markets on functional income distribution. Specifically, we analyse whether employment protection legislation affects the evolution of labour income share, measured by the size of compensation of employees as a percentage of GDP, the sum of wages and salaries as a percentage of GDP and the size of the adjusted wage share, in twenty European economies. Our study?s results show that the evolution of labour income share is explained by the economic growth, the growth of employment and unemployment rates, and the growth of real wages. Regarding the role played by the flexibility of the labour market, and specifically of the employment protection legislation, only employment protection for temporary workers has a significant impact on the evolution of labour shares. Our results show that stricter provisions on the use of fixed-term and temporary agency contracts have a positive impact on the growth of labour shares.
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I Kadek Gillang Nugraha Rianttara and I Gusti Agung Krisna Lestari. "PENGARUH PERSENTASE SAHAM DITAWARKAN, PROFITABILITAS, DAN EARNING PER SHARE TERHADAP UNDERPRICING PADA PERUSAHAAN IPO DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2017-2018." Journal Research of Accounting 2, no. 1 (2020): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.51713/jarac.v2i1.26.
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Various ways can be done by a company in fulfilling capital needs to make the company grow, one of the ways to do is to sell shares to the public which is usually often called by conducting an IPO (initial public offering). Generally, when this offer is made, there is often an underpricing phenomenon, underpricing is there a situation when the initial stock price is lower than when the stock price is currently on the secondary market. This study aims to determine the effect of the percentage of shares offered, profitability, and earnings per share on underpricing of IPO companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2018. The population in this study are listed companies doing an IPO in the 2017-2018 period on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The method used in this research is purposive sampling by collecting a total sample of 61 companies. The data used in this study are secondary data obtained from the company's prospectus. The results of this study indicate that the percentage of shares offered has a positive effect on underpricing, profitability has no effect on underpricing, and earnings per share has a negative effect on underpricing. The results of the coefficient of determination (Adjusted R Square) of 0.290, this shows that the contribution of the influence of the independent variable, namely the percentage of shares offered, profitability, and earnings per share is 29% and the remaining 71% is influenced by other factors not examined in the study this.
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Hoque, Sayema. "Relationship between market share and profitability: A study on Islamic banks of Bangladesh." IIUC Business Review 9, no. 1 (2022): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/iiucbr.v9i1.62185.
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This study is conducted to examine the effects of market share on profitability. A panel data covering 8 full-fledged Islamic banks of Bangladesh and the period 2011-2020 is used for the analysis. Based on Hausman test, random effects model is chosen to estimate the effects of market share. Market share is represented in terms of asset as well as deposit. To measure profitability, return on equity is used. Investment is used as control variable. Time dummies are also used to account for time effects. Findings suggest that one percentage point increase in market share in terms of asset leads to 3.73 percentage points increase in ROE. Besides, if market share in terms of deposit increases by one percentage point, ROE increases by 3.14 percentage points. Based on these findings, Islamic banks of Bangladesh should consider increase in market share as one of the effective ways to enhance profitability. IIUC Business Review Vol. 9, Dec. 2020 pp. 103-110
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Roy Alpinus Ginting, Lamria Simamora, M. Ichsan Diarsyad, Sri Yuni, Agus Kubertein, and Iwan Christian. "Pengaruh Persentase Saham Dan Akuntansi Konservatisme Terhadap Relevansi Nilai Laporan Keuangan Dengan Kualitas Laba Sebagai Variabel Moderasi." OPTIMAL Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen 3, no. 3 (2023): 102–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/optimal.v3i3.1807.
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This study aims to determine the effect of share percentage, accounting conservatism, the interaction of earnings quality and share percentage on value relevance and the interaction of earnings quality and accounting conservatism on value relevance in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2021. The number of manufacturing companies used as samples in this study were 96 companies after going through the purposive sampling method. The results showed that partially the variable percentage of shares has no effect on value relevance, accounting conservatism has no effect on value relevance, earnings quality interactions are proven to be unable to moderate the relationship between share percentage to value relevance and earnings quality interactions are proven to be unable to moderate the relationship between accounting conservatism and relevance. Companies are expected to see the importance of other factors that can increase the relevance of the value of financial statements optimally. For investors, it is hoped that this can be used as input in making investment decisions in the future, before deciding to invest in the company. For further research, it is hoped that by adding other variables that might be able to predict the value relevance of financial statements even better.
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Erly Nur Awalia, Sugiyanto, and Endang Ruhiyat. "SHARE OFFERING PERCENTAGE MODERATES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN UNDERWRITER'S REPUTATION, LEVERAGE AND AUDITOR'S REPUTATION WITH UNDERPRISING." International Journal of Accounting, Management, Economics and Social Sciences (IJAMESC) 3, no. 1 (2025): 158–78. https://doi.org/10.61990/ijamesc.v3i1.426.
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Underpricing is formed by a condition where on average the initial share price is lower than the share price in the secondary market. The aim of this research is to test and analyze the influence of underwriter reputation, leverage and auditor reputation on the occurrence of underpricing moderated by the share offering percentage. The type of data used is secondary data from companies conducting an IPO on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The population of this research are companies that experienced underpricing during their initial public offering. The sample for this research was taken using a purposive sampling technique, resulting in sample data of 169 companies. The analytical methods used are statistical analysis, classical assumption testing, hypothesis testing, and moderating regression analysis assisted by the EViews12 program. The results of this study show that underwriter reputation, leverage, auditor reputation have effect on underpricing, the share offering percentage moderate underwriter reputation, leverage, auditor reputation and underpricing.
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Murali, N* and Jayanta Hazarika**. "GROWTH IN AREA AND PRODUCTION OF SERICULTURE IN NORTH-EASTERN STATES-A SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ASSAM." Multilogic in Science XIII, no. XXXXVI (2023): 683–86. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7852957.
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The sericulture industry provides sustainable income for the rural people and generates higher income; and provides employment to both skilled and unskilled labor (Lakshman et al,.1998). The North Eastern India contributes about 99 per cent of total production of Muga in the country and designated as world monopoly for the golden yellow muga silk. However, there is a lot demand for the non-mulberry silk outside the India. This study aims to examine the share of various North Eastern states in area and production of sericulture, district-wise share in Assam using secondary data relating to area and production of cocoon and raw silk like Eri, Muga and Mulberry for the period from 2001-02 to 2015-16. The share of North-eastern states in India’s total area under mulberry and total raw silk production was increased significantly during the study period. Assam and Manipur were the leading states contributing to the increase in area under mulberry and raw silk production of North-Eastern states. The growth rate of area under Eri and Muga silk were 1.96 percent and 1.64 percent respectively but found negative for Mulberry silk (-0.43%) for state as a whole. In most of the districts of Assam, growth rates were positive and significant for area under Eri and Muga. Growth in raw silk production was higher in Eri (14.77%) followed by Mulberry (7.81%) and Muga (2.59%) in the state.
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Gooding, Chase, and E. Frank Stephenson. "On business short-termism: the case of CVS’s discontinuing tobacco sales." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy 7, no. 2 (2018): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jepp-d-18-00001.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of CVS’s decision to stop tobacco sales on the company’s share price.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses event study methodology to examine the same day effect of CVS’s announcement and the one-year later effect of CVS’s announcement. Competing pharmacy retail chains’ stock performance is included for comparison purposes.FindingsCVS’s shares fell by about one percentage point on the day of the company’s announcement while competitors’ share prices increased. A year later, however, CVS’s share price had increased by about twice as much as competitors’ share prices.Originality/valueThe finding that a company can make a decision that harms its short-run share price in exchange for a long-run share appreciation suggests that short-termism may not be as significant a concern as some critics of corporate management suggest.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Percentage share"
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Russell, Palmira Farinha. "Does the sales-to-price ratio possess more explanatory power in determining percentage share returns for JSE data compared to previously assessed variables?" Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49934.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A number of financial variables have received extensive attention from those analysts
determined to obtain that significant set of variables that improve their forecasts of expected
returns. Barbee. Mukherji and Raines (1996: 56-60) suggested that the focus shift to the
sales-to-price (S/P) ratio. Their findings indicated that the S/P ratio exhibited greater
explanatory power in assessing share returns on Standard and Poars (S&P) American data
compared to those variables already in the spot light.
This study focuses on a seventeen-year period extending from 1985 to 2002, and includes a
sample of industrial sector JSE-listed companies. The set of variables assessed are referred to
as the "explanatory variables" and include the following:
• Debt-to-equity (D/E) ratio,
• Book-to-market value (B/M) ratio,
• Market value of equity (MVE) variable; and
• Sales-to-price (S/P) ratio.
Correlation tests and regression analyses on permutations of these explanatory variables
against percentage share return data revealed the MVE variable to possess the dominant
relationship with percentage share returns. All models were shown (through inference) to
exhibit some validity, with the exception of that model which excluded the MVE variable as
an independent variable. The coefficient of the B/M ratio becomes significant when combined
with the MVE variable in a regression analysis, accounting for most of the explanatory power
of the model.
Results from this study were compared with those in Barbee, et al., (1996), Fricker (1996)
and Mouton (1998). The comparison revealed that Barbee, et al., (1996) is the only study (of
the authors considered) with sufficient evidence to infer significance in the S/P ratio as a
more powerful explanatory variable for determining share returns.
This study has therefore shown no support for the S/P ratio as an explanatory power in
determining percentage share returns, based on JSE data. The MVE variable was instead
shown to have the greatest explanatory power, specifically when combined with the BlM
ratio.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Aantal finansiele veranderlikes het aansienlike aandag van die analiste gekry ten einde 'n
betekenisvolle stel van veranderlikes daar te stel wat help om hul vooruitskattings van
opbrengste te verbeter. Barbee, Mukherji and Raines (1996: 56-60) het voorgestel dat die
fokus verskuif na die verkope tot prys (S/P) verhouding. Hul het bevind dat die S/P
verhouding groter verduidelikingsvermoe het by die beoordeling van aandeel opbrengste op
Standard en Poors (S&P) se Amerikaanse data as daardie veranderlikes wat reeds onder die
soeklig was.
Die studie fokus op 'n sewentienjaar-periode van 1985 tot 2002, en dek 'n monster van
genoteerde industriele aandele op die Johannesburg se Effektebeurs. Hierdie stel
veranderlikes word na verwys as die "verduidelikende veranderlikes" en sluit in:
• Skuld tot aandeelhouersfondse (D/E) verhoudings,
• Boek tot markwaarde (B/M) verhouding,
• Markwaarde van aandeelhouersbelang (MVE) veranderlike, en
• Verkope tot prys (S/P) verhouding.
Korrelasietoetse en regressie-analises op permutasies van hierdie verduidelikende
veranderlikes teenoor persentasie aandeel opbrengste het aangetoon dat die MVE die
dominante veranderlike met die persentasie aandeel opbrengste getoon het. Alle modelle
(deur gevolgtrekking) het 'n mate van betekenisvolheid openbaar, behalwe die model wat die
MVE veranderlike as onafhanklike veranderlike uitgesluit het. Die koeffisient van die B/M
verhouding het betekenisvol geword toe dit met die MVE-veranderlike in 'n regressie-analise
gekombineer is, en wat dan die grootste gedeelte van die verduidelikingswaarde van die
model verklaar.
Die resultate van die studie is vergelyk met die van Barbee, et aI., (1996), Fricker (1996) en
Mouton (1998). Die vergelyking het aangedui dat Barbee, et al., (1996) die enigste studie is
(van die skrywers ondersoek) wat genoegsame getuienis verkry het om die belangrikheid van
die S/P verhouding as 'n sterk veranderlike vir die aandeel opbrengste te verklaar.
Hierdie studie kon dus geen ondersteuning vind dat die S/P verhouding as 'n verduidelikende
veranderlike by die vasstelling van persentasie-opbrengste op die JSE data gebruik kan word
nie. Daarenteen het die MVE-veranderlike die grootste voorspellingswaarde gehad, veral as
dit gekombineer is met die B/M verhouding.
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De, Goede Andre. "Investigating certain share buyback transactions by companies listed on the JSE for the period 2000 to 2005." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/818.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Prior to 30 June 1999 companies in South Africa were not allowed to buy back their own shares. Amendments to the Companies Act, the Companies Amendment Act (Act 37 of 1999) radically changed the philosophy around capital maintenance. The result of this amendment is that a company is allowed to buy back its own shares and finance the backbuying of its shares under certain circumstances. A sample of 140 companies listed on the Johannesburg Securities Exchange for the period 2000 to 2005 was selected. The backbuying of shares by the relevant company, subsidiary and trust was analysed for the period 2000 to 2005. For the purposes of this empirical study, the financial sector, as well as the alternative exchange, that is focussed on good quality small and medium-sized high growth companies, were excluded during sample selection. The outcome of this exploratory study is the identification of the fact that a share buyback took place or not in Tables 4.1 and 4.2; a summary of the number of shares bought back in Table 4.3; and, in Table 4.4, a summary of the number of shares bought back, expressed as a percentage of the weighted average number of shares in issue.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Maatskappye in Suid-Afrika was voor 30 Junie 1999 deur die Maatskappywet verbied om hul eie aandele terug te koop. Wysigings aan die Maatskappywet, naamlik die Wysigingswet op Maatskappye (wet 37 van 1999) het ’n radikale verandering bewerkstellig in die filosofie rakende kapitaalinstandhouding. Die gevolg van dié wysigingswetgewing is dat maatskappye sedert 30 Junie 1999 hul eie aandele kan terugkoop en in sekere omstandighede die aankoop van hul eie aandele finansier. ’n Steekproef van 140 genoteerde maatskappye op die Johannesburgse Aandelebeurs is geselekteer vir die tydperk 2000 tot 2005. Die terugkooptransaksies van aandele deur die betrokke maatskappy, filiaal en trust is opgesom vir die tydperk 2000 tot 2005. Hierdie empiriese ondersoek het die finansiële sektor, asook die alternatiewe beurs van die Johannesburgse Aandelebeurs, wat fokus op goeie kwaliteit klein en mediumgrootte maatskappye met groot groeipotensiaal, tydens die steekproefseleksie uitgesluit.
Die resultate van hierdie empiriese ondersoek is die identifisering en opsomming van die terugkooptransaksies van aandele vir die steekproef in Tabelle 4.1 en 4.2; ’n opsomming in Tabel 4.3 van die getal aandele teruggekoop; en ’n opsomming in Tabel 4.4 van die getal aandele teruggekoop, uitgedruk as ’n persentasie van die gemiddelde getal uitgereikte aandele.
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Koh, Chon Jin. "Characterisation of shape of fine recycled crushed coloured glass and the effect on the properties of structural concrete when used as a fine aggregate replacement." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/561256.
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In order to reduce the use of landfilling within waste management great emphasis is being placed on waste reduction and recycling. Each year in the UK approximately 2.5 Mt of waste glass is produced and approximately half of this waste is not recyclable. Therefore alternative ways need to be found for using waste glass and one possibility is to use it within concrete as a replacement for cement and/ or aggregate. In the research programme concrete mixes were tested which had 0%, 25%, 50% and 100% of the fine aggregate replaced by crushed waste glass. All glass was originally in bottle form and was crushed to produce ‘sand’ which had a grading curve more-orless identical to fine aggregate obtained from a commercial supplier. Three colours of glass were studied, i.e. flint (clear), amber and green. Concretes were also made which contained a mixture of colours (in proportion according to the weight of each type of waste glass produced annually within the UK) and also a mixture of unwashed waste glasses. The overall concrete mix adopted for investigation, i.e. 1:2:4, was selected because of its wide use within industry, and all concrete was made with a water:cement content of 0.6 without the addition of plasticiser or ASR-retarding agents. The suite of laboratory tests included; slump, flow, initial and final setting time, ultrasonic pulse velocity, water absorption by immersion and capillarity rise, ASR measurement (volumetric and linear), compression strength at ages from 7 days to 365 days. Techniques of developed digital imaging and processing have been applied to the glass aggregate to quantify various particle shape factors, i.e. aspect ratio, percentage concavity, Riley inscribed sphericity and surface texture index. Statistical analysis has been used to compare the distribution of particle forms present within the fine aggregate materials used in the experimental work. Dimensional changes (in three orthogonal directions) were measured as concrete cubes hardened over a period up to 365 days. The length changes of concrete prisms were also measured over the same period of time. The resultant data indicated that a fine aggregate which comprised 25% glass and 75% sand would be categorised as “non-expansive”, i.e. the same as the sand on its own. As the proportion of glass in the fine aggregate became greater than the aggregate became more expansive but it did not exceed recommended limits.
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Müller, Thomas. "Untersuchung des Zusammenhangs zwischen der Landschaftsstruktur und dem Vorkommen dreier Vogelarten." Bachelor's thesis, Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:520-qucosa-211816.
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In dieser Arbeit wurde der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit sich die Habitatansprüche von drei Brutvogelarten, der Offenlandart Feldlerche (Alauda arvensis), der Heckenart Neuntöter (Lanius collurio) und der Waldart Schwarzspecht (Dryocopus martius), mit Landschaftsstrukturmaßen darstellen lassen, und ob sich Landschaftsstrukturmaße für die Habitatmodellierung eignen.
Basis für die Berechnung der Landschaftsstrukturmaße ist ein Flächenschema des IÖR-Monitors aus dem Jahr 2013, welches aus Daten des AFIS-ALKIS-ATKIS-Modells (AAA-Modells) aufgebaut wurde. Dieses Schema bietet redundanzfreie Flächennutzungsdaten für ganz Deutschland. Da es nur flächenhafte Elemente enthielt, wurde es um gepufferte linienhafte Elemente, genauer um Hecken, Baumreihen und Feldwege ergänzt. Die Artdaten stammen aus dem Monitoring häufiger Brutvögel (MhB), ebenfalls aus dem Jahr 2013. Die Berechnungen der Landschaftsstrukturmaße wurden mittels ArcGIS-Modellen durchgeführt.
Für die Feldlerche und den Schwarzspecht wurden die Landschaftsstrukturmaße Mean Shape Index (MSI), Mean Patch Size (MPS), Anteil geeigneter Habitate (Percentage of Landscape, PLand), Total Core Area (TCA), Fläche geeigneter Biotope ohne anthropogene Störeinflüsse (Fl_ungest) und die Kantendichte der Landschaft (Edge Density, ED) berechnet. Für den Neuntöter sind es MSI, MPS, PLand, Fl_ungest, die Kantendichte und die Fläche geeigneter Gehölzbiotope und Hecken.
Es wurde aufgezeigt, dass teilweise höchst signifikante lineare Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Vorkommen der drei Arten und den Landschaftsstrukturmaßen existieren. Die damit erklärten Streuungen der Brutpaarzahlen sind allerdings relativ gering. Das Bestimmtheitsmaß B oder R² der Regressionsgeraden beträgt für die Feldlerche maximal 0,285 bei der Fläche ungestörter Habitate, für den Schwarzspecht maximal 0,332 bei dem Anteil geeigneter Habitate und beim Neuntöter lediglich 0,038, ebenfalls für die Fläche ungestörter Habitate. Der Grund hierfür ist, dass die Arten Ansprüche an die Habitate stellen, die sich nicht mit Landschaftsstrukturmaßen erklären lassen.
Die Modelle der multiplen linearen Regression sind ungeeignet, um Brutpaarzahlen der Arten vorherzusagen. Ohnehin war es nur für die Feldlerche möglich, ein solches Modell zu erstellen, das höhere Bestimmtheitsmaße aufweist als die einzelnen Landschaftsstrukturmaße. Deutlich bessere Ergebnisse wurden mit einem Modell erzielt, das die Eignung der Landschaft und ihrer Struktur als Habitat anhand einer Bewertungsmatrix beurteilt. Hier wurde bestimmt, wie hoch der Anteil besetzter Untersuchungsflächen an der Gesamtzahl von Untersuchungsflächen einer bestimmten Gesamtpunktzahl ist. Die Zusammenhänge zwischen Punktzahl und Anteil besetzter Flächen wurde mit teils nichtlinearen Regressionsfunktionen dargestellt. Der Anteil erklärter Abweichungen (R²) beträgt bei der Funktion der Feldlerche 97,1%, der des Schwarzspechts 88,5% und der des Neuntö-ters 49,3%.
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Liao, Pin-Kuei, and 廖炳癸. "The relationship between the changes in share percentage held by foreign institutional investors and the performance of their investment objects." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74585569782050016527.
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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>高階經理人碩士在職專班<br>93<br>Abstract
Foreign institutional investors in Taiwan are believed to have better ability in research and analysis. What stocks they buy or sell and the changes in their portfolio are closely followed by Taiwan’s investors.
Our study aims to find out whether the amount and the changes of shares foreign institutional investors hold can predict the financial performance of the businesses. We use the sample of the publicly listed firms in electronic industry, and find that:
1. There is significant correlation between the financial performance of listed electronic companies and the share percentage held by foreign institutional investors.
2. There is no significant correlation between the financial performance of these companies and the change in the share percentage.
3. There is no significant correlation between the change in financial performance of these companies and the change in the share percentage.
The results indicate that the changes in share percentage held by foreign institutional investors are not informative about the performance of their investment objects.
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Fang, Po-Jen, and 方柏仁. "Analysis for the Percentage Between Public Authority and User to Share the Sewerage System Operation and Management Costs– A Case Study of Taichung City." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53655026732700769538.
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碩士<br>逢甲大學<br>土木及水利工程所<br>92<br>Abstract
The sewerage system is one of the important public facilities for perfect metropolis development. Taiwan at present the government is constructing the sewerage system positively. For keep the sewerage system on normal operation, the huge operation and management fee will become the subject, which the government will soon face.
The excessively high tariff can have the popular resentment and the excessively low tariff can aggravate the financial burden of the government. How to decide a balanced tariff without affecting operation condition will be the main subject of this research.
This research takes Taichung City as a case study. First, the material for collect is sewerage planning data in Taichung, and calculates the operation and management cost of each year. Then makes the questionnaire to the Taichung resident, analyze the survey of public opinion; try to find the range of tariff that Taichung resident could accept. Finally, estimates for the population and the rate of connection to the sewer main, calculates estimative income of each year. Then compared with the cost and the income find the degree between the government and the user.
The result showed that the cost of each ton sewage treatment tariff of Taichung City is approximately 7.59~10.46 NT dollars. The tariff that the Taichung City resident willing to bear is approximately 3.45 NT dollars/ton (levies along with tap water fee). By the results of research, the tariff decides to be 3.45 NT dollars/ton, and every five years enhance 20%, stop to enhance in 2026,then the degree of tariff between the user and the government will from 1:1 in 2006 reduces to 8:2 in 2032, but the subsidies of the government in every year will elevate from more than one hundred million NT dollars in 2006 to more than five hundred million NT dollars in 2021 reduces to more than two hundred million NT dollars in 2032 (depends on price index of 2004 April).
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WANG, YUEH-LING, and 王月玲. "A Study of the Relationship between premium in Mergers and Acquisitions, Share percentage, and Accrual-Based Earnings Management by Target Company before Acquisition Announcement." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v5pgj2.
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碩士<br>東吳大學<br>會計學系<br>106<br>The determination of the offer price is related to whether the transaction can be smoothly completed between the Acquiring Company and the Target Company, it is closely connected with their rights and interests as well. Also, the acquisition of the equity ratio will directly affect the merger/acquisition (M&A) costs. Furthermore, in order to increase the intent to purchase and premium in M&A, Target Company may make earnings management behavior by increase accounting earnings before acquisition announcement. Therefore, we examine Taiwan listed and OTC companies as the sample which explore the relationship between premiums in M&A, Accrual-based earnings management by Target Company before Acquisition Announcement and acquisition of the equity ratio, the empirical results reveal that there is positive correlation between the M&A premium calculated by market value method with the acquisition of the equity ratio. The M&A premium calculated by the net value methodology is positively correlated to the acquisition of equity ratio but not up to a significant level, and the Accrual-based earnings management has the significant positive correlation with the acquisition of equity ratio。
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Hung, Je-Shiung, and 洪哲雄. "Fractal-modeled image compression based on shade-pixel-percentage classification." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30504276433256249408.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>工程技術研究所<br>83<br>Fractal-based image compression has received extensive att-
ention in recent years. The most popular fractal compression
schemes are derived from Jacquin's approach, where the matching
between range blocks and afine-transformed domain blocks has to
be made. The matching is highly time-consuming. Classification
is one of the ways in speeding up the range/domin block match-
ing process. In this thesis, we propose a classification scheme
based on the percentage of shade pixels in a block. Through the
verific- ation by the full search in the complete domain pool,
it is fo- und that in most cases, the matched range block and
domain pool belong to the same class in our classification.
Realizing this, we propose to search the matching domain block
to a range block only in the domain subpool that has the same
level of percenta- ge of shade pixels as it. The result is a
significant reduction in the encoding time at the expense of a
minor degradation in the quality of the compressed image.
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YueZuo and 左悅. "The Effect of State-owned Shares Percentage on Business Performance: An Empirical Research of Listed Real Estate Companies in China." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/462er9.
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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>會計學系<br>104<br>This paper investigates the effects of state-owned shares percentage on business performance. A total of 820 listed real estate companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2010 to 2015 have been observed to explore the issue, with ROA, ROE and the net income ratio as proxy variables of business performance. The results show that the higher the proportion of shares held by the State, the better the performance of listed real estate companies, and that real estate companies with higher national government-held shares have better access to land sources, which improves the corporate performance and enhances the company's earnings persistence. Effect of legal person shares in proportion to the Chinese mainland listed real estate company's operating performance is positive. Corporate shareholders generally tend to engage in long-term investments, and they have the ability to vote at shareholder meetings, which directly involved in the company's decision, thus leading to the better performance.
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Chen, Shu-Hui, and 陳舒慧. "The Relationship Between the Market Reactions and the Percentage of Shares Repurchasing Announcement for the Listed Electronic Companies in Taiwan." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3n43z7.
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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>管理學院管理科學學程<br>105<br>Since June 1, 2015, the Taiwan Financial commission has relaxed the stock price fluctuation limits from 7% to 10% for the purposes of increasing the efficiency of the stock market and convergence with international standards. Referred to the former researches about share repurchases which almost focus on the entire industries and literature of specific industry are few. Therefore, the study focuses on Taiwanese electronic industry facing the stock market downturn after Taiwan government to relaxes the stock price fluctuation limits and contributes the effect about announcements of share repurchases.
In this study, we test a sample of announcements of the Taiwanese electronic companies’ share repurchases during the period from June 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016. The event study approach is employed to examine the abnormal return to a company’s announcement of share repurchases. Our empirical results found a significantly positive abnormal return after share repurchase announcement. After verifying it through the ANOVA model, we found the announcement effect is greater for the sample companies which have higher volume of share repurchase.
Books on the topic "Percentage share"
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United States. Congress. Senate. A bill to amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to remove the cap on disproportionate share adjustment percentages for certain rural hospitals. U.S. G.P.O., 2008.
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Gayithri, K., and Indrajit Bairagya. Funding for Social Science Research: Government Sources. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199474417.003.0011.
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This chapter aims at ascertaining the flows and priorities in accessing funds by various institutions involved in SSR in India from government sources. The analysis is mainly based on the data collected from the various ministries, Councils, etc. The study found that the share of expenditure on social science research (SSR) as percentage of total union budget of the central government was 0.025 per cent whereas it was 0.86 percent for pure science research. The share of SSR budget to GDP at market price for the year 2010–11 was 0.0062 per cent whereas it was 0.21 per cent in pure sciences. While estimating the demand supply gap, the study found that supply of funds to SSR is much less than requirement.
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Délano Alonso, Alexandra. Shifting Diaspora Policies toward Integration in the Country of Destination. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190688578.003.0002.
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This chapter explains the rationale behind the Mexican government’s gradual shift in discourse to make integration a priority goal of its diaspora policies. It also draws on examples of other Latin American governments that have begun to adopt similar policies or language. Compared to more widespread diaspora engagement strategies focused on development, these origin-country-led integration and social protection programs arise in a highly specific context responding to three main factors: first, the large percentage of Latin American migrants that is undocumented; second, the context of the country of destination, specifically the political discourse and the resources deployed to support or limit services for immigrants; and third, the strategic role of these policies as diplomatic tools, in the context of bilateral relations with both the destination country and other countries whose populations share similar challenges.
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Finkel, Madelon L., ed. The Human and Environmental Impact of Fracking. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400667138.
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Fracking for gas trapped in shale could be a game changer in the quest to find alternatives to dirty fossil fuels, but it also has potential for harm. This book provides "one-stop shopping" for everyone who wants to know more about the issues. Oil and gas account for a large percentage of the world's energy consumption, and the search for new ways to extract both from the earth is a global quest. Fracking is viewed as an energy game-changer but is a controversial topic about which there is much misunderstanding. This unbiased work was written to bring clarity to the issues. Under the guidance of an internationally recognized public health expert, this book provides a comprehensive look at unconventional natural gas development from many different perspectives. Written for the layperson, the book dispels myths surrounding fracking, corrects misconceptions, and offers impartial, scientifically based information on both benefits and challenges. Readers will learn about the effects fracking has on the environment—our water, air, and climate—as well as on human and animal health. The contributors also look at the economics of fracking and at its socioeconomic impact on local communities and nations. They discuss legal and ethical issues related to the practice and, in keeping with the intent to provide a fair and balanced overview, share the industry perspective as well.
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Eade, Frank, Paul Dickinson, Susan Hough, Steve Gough, and Stella Dudzic. Making Sense of Maths - Fair Shares: Fractions, Decimals, Percentages, Ratio and Proportion. Hodder Education Group, 2012.
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Dickinson, Paul, and Susan Hough. Making Sense of Maths : Fair Shares - Student Book: Fractions, Percentages, Ratio, Decimals and Proportion. Hodder Education Group, 2012.
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Background information on New York State Educational conference board proposal to raise 1985-86 state aid to schools by $979 million: 17.8% increase, fourth largest percentage increase in State's history if enacted, to take state's share of school costs from 41 percent in 1984-85 to 46 percent in 1985-86. New York State Educational Conference Board, 1985.
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Lock, Norman. 30 Second Challenge: Facts and Figures About Shape and Measurement (Learning At Home). Ladybird Books Ltd, 1997.
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Pahom, Olga. Conversational Storytelling in Spanish-English Bilingual Couples. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350405165.
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For more than three decades, the percentage of people who married someone of a different race, ethnicity, culture, or linguistic background has been on the rise in the United States, but the communication practices of such couples have remained understudied. Combining bilingualism, gender studies, and conversation analysis, this book explores and describes the storytelling practices and language choices of several married heterosexual Spanish-English bilingual couples, all residing in Texas but each from different geographic and cultural backgrounds. Based on more than 900 minutes of conversations and interviews, the book offers a data-driven analysis of the ways in which language choices and gender performance shape the stories, conversations, and identities of bilingual couples, which in turn shape the social order of bilingual communities. Using a combination of methodologies to investigate how couples launch, tell, and respond to each other’s stories, the book identifies seven main factors that the couples see as primary determinants of their choice of English and Spanish during couple communication. The use of conversation analysis highlights the couples’ own practices and perceptions of their language choices, demonstrating how the private language decisions of bilingual couples enable them to negotiate a place in the larger culture, shape the future of bilingualism, and establish a couple identity through shared linguistic and cultural habits.
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Maj, Dorota. Modyfikujący wpływ roślinnych dodatków paszowych na użytkowość mięsną i ekspresję wybranych genów u królików w zależności od wieku i płci. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-29-8.
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The aim of the study was to determine the effect of feed additives (algae, soybean, and sunflower oil) used in the rabbit feed on: growth indices and slaughter traits, pH, colour, texture, chemical composition, fatty acid profile and oxidative stability (TBARS) of the meat as well as FTO and FABP4 genes expression in the meat’s intramuscular fat (m. longissimus lumborum), depending on the age and sex. The experimental material consisted of Termond White rabbits (n = 160, 80 females and 80 males). Animals were weaned on the 35th day of life, and housed in metal cages arranged in batteries (4 rabbits of the same sex in a cage). From weaning to 12 or 18 weeks of age, the rabbits were fed pellets ad libitum. Animals in the control group (C) received non-supplemented pellets throughout the experiment. In the other groups, the pellet contained 1% algae (A), 3% sunflower oil (OS), and 3% soybean oil(SO).The experimental diets were formulated to have similar protein and energy content. Diets were balanced by lowering the proportion of other feed components. The total share of all components remained at 100%. The results indicate that 3% vegetable oils (soybean or sunflower) supplementation of diets for growing rabbits leads to an increase of body weight and improvement of some of the slaughter traits, while 1% addition of algae to the feed causes deterioration of body weight and slaughter traits. The effect of oil additive depends on the animals’ age. Supplementation of the rabbits’ diet with algae (1%) or sunflower and soybean oils (3%) led to an increase in the dressing percentage of rabbits slaughtered at 18 weeks of age (approx. 3%), but had no effect on the dressing percentage of rabbits slaughtered at 12 weeks of age. Feeding pellets with either 3% vegetable oils or 1% algae additive to the rabbits did not significantly change the chemical composition of the meat. Protein content increased and intramuscular fat content decreased with age, while ash and water content were similar. The feed additives significantly differentiated meat acidity without deteriorating meat quality. Diet modification has not affected negatively meat colour. 24 h after the slaughter, the colour of rabbit meat was similar across the studied feeding groups. Correlation between diet and rabbits’ age was found. Meat texture (hardness, springiness and chewiness) of all rabbit groups slaughtered at 12 weeks of age was similar, and the shear for cewas greater in rabbits fed pellets with algae and soybean oil. At 18 weeks of age, rabbit meat from experimental groups had lower hardness and chewiness, compared to meat of the animals from the control group. Meat shear force was higher in the control group, and from algae-supplemented group. The correlation between diet and age was also found. The use of 3% vegetable oils or 1% algae as feed additives significantly reduced meat oxidative stability. Soybean or sunflower oil (3%) usedas feed additives favourably modified the fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content was increased, including linoleic acid, and PUFA/MUFA ratio was improved. The content of these acids decreased with age. The use of algae (1%) as a feed additive resulted in positive effect on the increase of n-3 fatty acid content (EPA and DHA) in meat intramuscular fat. Algae supplementation improved pro-health properties of meat, with low n-6/n-3 acid ratio (2.5), indicating that diet modification may affect the fatty acid composition of rabbit meat. The influence of diet and age on FTO and FABP4 gene expression in meat intramuscular fat (m. longissimus lumborum) was found. FTO and FABP4 gene expression increased with age and was the highest in the group of rabbits with 1% algae supplementation in the diet. The effect of rabbits’ gender on growth, slaughter traits, meat quality and gene expression in rabbits was not observed. In conclusion, the use of natural feed additives, such as sunflower, soybean oil or algae, can improve the nutritional value of rabbit meat, without changing its chemical or physical properties, and therefore the meat can serve as functional food, with properties beneficial to human health. The results obtained in this study also indicate that the expression of FTO and FABP4 genes in rabbit muscles is regulated by dietary factors and age, which, in addition to cognitive significance, has practical implications for improving technological and dietary quality of rabbit meat.
Book chapters on the topic "Percentage share"
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Ferrari, Lorenzo, and Valentina Meliciani. "10. Public Spending for Future Generations." In Greening Europe. Open Book Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0328.10.
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L. Ferrari and V. Meliciani in Chapter 10 propose a new “quality” of public spending (public spending for future generations) measure which goes beyond the traditional distinction made between public gross fixed capital formation and public current expenditure. The proposed aggregate is more in line with the objectives and policies introduced at the European level such as NextGenerationEU, which requires EU countries to spend a certain percentage of their resources on projects aimed at promoting digital and green transition, scientific research, and social cohesion. Highly indebted countries have significantly decreased the share of GDP for public spending for future generations, especially since the financial and sovereign debt crises. However, countries have not reduced their share of total public expenditure of GDP. It is suggested that national governments and the EU fiscal rules should focus more on the composition of public spending, not only public gross fixed capital formation, but also current expenditures that have long-run effects on sustainable development such as education, R&D and environmental protection.
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Buczyński, Aleksander, and Andrea Chavez-Pacheco. "Quantifying Cycling Infrastructure Investment Needs Across Europe Using OpenStreetMap Data." In Lecture Notes in Mobility. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-85578-8_21.
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Abstract Using OpenStreetMap data, we approximated the scale of investments needed to make cycling a safe mobility option for the residents of EU major cities. We extracted data about existing cycle tracks, cycle lanes, and shared cycle and pedestrian tracks, within the administrative borders of 423 Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) urban nodes (as proposed by the European Commission in 2021). As of 2022, the infrastructure amounted to 61,862 km. Afterwards, we used a simplified version of the Sustainable Safety approach to evaluate for each of the cities whether the amount of infrastructure is sufficient. The public road network was divided into two categories: main roads (where segregated cycling infrastructure is necessary) and local roads (where, because of low volume and speed of motorised traffic, cyclists can safely share the carriageway with cars). By comparing the extent of the (selected) cycling infrastructure with the main road network we arrived at the investment needs, amounting to 97,000 km across the analysed cities. On average, current cycle infrastructure covers approximately 40% of the needs, but the percentage varies significantly between different countries – from less than 10% in Malta, Greece, Portugal and Cyprus to more than 80% in Netherlands and Finland.
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Kocharyan, Gevorg G., Alexey A. Ostapchuk, and Dmitry V. Pavlov. "Fault Sliding Modes—Governing, Evolution and Transformation." In Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60124-9_15.
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AbstractA brief summary of fundamental results obtained in the IDG RAS on the mechanics of sliding along faults and fractures is presented. Conditions of emergence of different sliding regimes, and regularities of their evolution were investigated in the laboratory, as well as in numerical and field experiments. All possible sliding regimes were realized in the laboratory, from creep to dynamic failure. Experiments on triggering the contact zone have demonstrated that even a weak external disturbance can cause failure of a “prepared” contact. It was experimentally proven that even small variations of the percentage of materials exhibiting velocity strengthening and velocity weakening in the fault principal slip zone may result in a significant variation of the share of seismic energy radiated during a fault slip event. The obtained results lead to the conclusion that the radiation efficiency of an earthquake and the fault slip mode are governed by the ratio of two parameters—the rate of decrease of resistance to shear along the fault and the shear stiffness of the enclosing massif. The ideas developed were used to determine the principal possibility to artificially transform the slidding regime of a section of a fault into a slow deformation mode with a low share of seismic wave radiation.
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Bjørn, Pernille, Maria Menendez-Blanco, and Valeria Borsotti. "FemTech.dk Research Initiative." In Diversity in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13314-5_2.
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AbstractFemTech.dk is situated in the Department of Computer Science at University of Copenhagen Denmark and has been an ongoing inquiry into the specific circumstances within computer science that produce gender imbalance and includes activities dedicated to making a change through design interventions. FemTech.dk was created in 2016 to engage with research within gender and diversity and to explore the role of gender equity as part of digital technology design and development. FemTech.dk considers how and why computer science as a field and profession in Denmark has such a distinct unbalanced gender representation in the twenty-first century. The focus was initially on the student base of the bachelor’s program in computer science, which from the 1980s until 2016 was remarkably smaller than for other science programs at the University of Copenhagen. In terms of numbers, only 15 women students entered the bachelor’s degree program in 2012 and 2013, and only 12 women students entered the program in 2014. In each of these 3 years, more than 160 students entered the program in total. Reviewing the 15-year period 2000–2014, the share of women students in the program was 7–9%, the lowest percentage of women in a study program across all of the University of Copenhagen. To compare, in 2016 the share of women students in the Math program was 30%, and in Physics was 25%.
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Widhalm, Peter, Bin Hu, and Matthias Prandtstetter. "Estimating the Energy Demand of Electric Vehicles for Charging Infrastructure Planning." In Lecture Notes in Mobility. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-89444-2_89.
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Abstract To ensure that adequate charging infrastructure is available where it is needed, accurately estimating the spatial distribution of energy demand is essential. In this paper, we present a data-driven approach for estimating the demand for electric vehicle charging stations. For destination charging demand, we leverage publicly available sociodemographic data, a POI database, and mobility statistics, including daily trip rates, modal share, and trip length distributions. En-route charging demand is estimated using highway traffic count data. We account for EV battery capacity, maximum mileage, and driver charging behavior. Statistical parameters related to the EV fleet (penetration rate, home-charging percentage) are considered to adapt estimates for various scenarios. We present an interactive web-based GIS tool that displays energy demand densities for passenger and freight transport via heat maps, demand generated at POI, and demand along highways. By combining estimated demand with existing charging station data, the tool calculates unmet residual demand, facilitating the planning of future charging infrastructure. Our data-driven approach provides a valuable tool for estimating electric vehicle charging station demand, offering insights into spatial energy demand distribution and supporting future infrastructure planning efforts. Notably, this approach relies solely on readily available data, enabling immediate use in practice and easy adaptability to various regions.
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Salvadori, Justine, Rossella Varvara, and Richard Huyghe. "Chapter 4. Measuring affix rivalry as a gradient relationship." In Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/la.284.04sal.
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In many languages, affixes can be used to derive words with the same semantic types and can therefore compete in word formation. This paper discusses how to quantitatively assess the competition between derivational affixes based on their semantic similarity. Two possible measures of affix rivalry drawn from studies in ecology are examined: the Sørensen index, which considers the proportion of shared functions between rival affixes; and the Percentage similarity coefficient, which is based on the realization frequency of functions. Two complementary measures (Balanced richness and Balanced abundance) are also proposed to further analyze the semantic dissimilarity between rival affixes. Using the semantic competition between six French deverbal suffixes as a case study, we show how these four measures suit the quantification of affix rivalry and help capture different aspects of the phenomenon.
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Lunning, Frenchy. "The Crush." In After the "Speculative Turn". punctum books, 2016. https://doi.org/10.21983/p3.0152.1.10.
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As an adolescent, I could mark time by the incessant epistemes of crushes I had experienced as I careened through junior high school, and beyond. Only a very small percentage of these emo-tional junkets were actualized as relationships, and most were only a subject of extreme embarrassment at the erotic obsession with an entirely inappropriate, or horrifyingly inexplicable, and thankfully, unsuspecting subject. The whole phenomenon of the crush puzzled me as it was always completely out of my control and never fully explained, except for a “wink-wink” moment in the special girls-only classes on menstruation and “love” that were de rigeur for young schoolgirls of the 1960s. But using the very particular apparatus of object-oriented ontology and its ex-cellent mechanism of “allure,” I feel I can perhaps abolish some of the mysterious shame of my youth, and explain its periodic persistence. It is these ephemeral, inexplicable phenomena that are such excellent subjects for this speculative realistic mecha-nism: those things in the existence of subjects that defy all rea-sonable explanation.
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Ranzani, Federica. "Chapter 9. The pediatrician’s normalizing practice in well-child visits." In A Pragmatic Agenda for Healthcare. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.338.09ran.
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Drawing on a corpus of 23 video-recorded well-child visits and adopting a conversation analysis-informed approach, this chapter illustrates how pediatricians accomplish a no-problem assessment of infants’ physical growth by implementing a “normalizing practice”. It consists of pediatricians a) formulating the numerical values for length, weight, and head circumference in terms of statistical normality which is “talked into being” by referring to the relevant growth percentile, and b) in the subsequent translation of the statistically-formatted assessment into lay language. The analysis highlights the pragmatic and epistemic work of the normalizing practice: reassuring parents and ratifying medical knowledge as the most authoritative voice. I argue that pediatricians and parents construct a shared understanding of unproblematic infant growth by cooperatively constituting statistics as the ultimate trustworthy representation of “normality”.
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Napakol, Angella. "Framing the AIDS Discourse: A Critic of Journalistic Source Norms in Uganda’s HIV and AIDS Print News." In Health Crises and Media Discourses in Sub-Saharan Africa. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95100-9_14.
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AbstractThrough reportage, media have played a key role in HIV/AIDS prevention and awareness in Uganda. Uganda’s success in reducing the percentage of HIV infection together with key supportive factors such as political will have been discussed internationally. Media have been credited with relaying information about HIV/AIDS to different groups of people in the public and acting as change agents. This study looks at media as key players in the HIV and AIDS prevention journey in Uganda and therefore seeks to investigate how two major newspaper outlets; New Vision and Daily Monitor framed the issue of HIV/AIDS—looking particularly at the who, between authority and none authority sources contributed most to the HIV/AIDS narrative as news stories’ sources. A quantitative content analysis was carried out of New Vision and Daily Monitor newspapers’ articles spanning 20 years of coverage. Results indicate that despite the important role played, media depended more on authority sources of information compared to none authority sources. This paper argues that lay people such as PLWHA or their caregivers have lived experiences which if shared, could affect the adoption of recommended HIV/AIDS preventive measures.
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Kaithal, Poonam, Rajiv Kant, Rohit Lall, Archana Verma, and Preetam Verma. "Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Madhuca longifolia and Its Antibiofilm Potential." In Proceedings of the Conference BioSangam 2022: Emerging Trends in Biotechnology (BIOSANGAM 2022). Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-020-6_16.
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AbstractThe synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extract as a capping agent has been very easy, economical and environment friendly method. The Madhuca longifolia is one of the well-known trees for its various benefits from food industry to its medicinal applications. It is indigenous to India, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Myanmar. In the present aqueous extract was used from leaves of M. lngifolia has been used as a capping agent to form AgNPs by reducingsilver nitrate with the help of green synthesis route. UV-visible spectroscopicy gave maximaat 420 nmconfirmed the synthesis of M. longifolia AgNPs. Characterization was done by TEM, SEM, XRD and FTIR techniques. FTIR confirmed the presence of various phytochemicals and formation of nanoparticles. XRD confirmed the formation of crystalline structure of synthesized silver nanoparticles. The shape of silver nanoparticles was irregular and spherical. The reaction solution turned brown which is the primary indication of formation of AgNPs. Crystalline size was calculated and found to be 10–25 nm; and TEM showed the size of nanoparticles around 5–40 nm. The M. longifolia based Silver nanoparticles were evaluated for their antibacterial and antibiofilm activity on Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram negative) by disc diffusion and percentage inhibition methods was confirmed.
Conference papers on the topic "Percentage share"
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Topaloğlu, Mustafa. "Establishment of a Company and Share Acquisitions in Turkey by Foreigner Investors." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02230.
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Relating to the establishment and acquisition of a company in Turkey by foreign investors, Foreign Direct Investments Law No.4875, FDI has entered into force on 17.06.2003. FDI formed a notification-based system rather than an approval-based system for foreigners to establish a new company and to take over company shares. Accordingly, company information regarding foreign investors will be notified to the General Directorate of Incentive Implementation and Foreign Capital via “Electronic Incentive Implementation and Foreign Capital Information System”. Foreign investment means establishment of a new company by a foreign investor or share acquisitions of an existing company, any percentage of shares acquired outside the stock exchange or 10 percentage or more of the shares/voting power of a company acquired through the stock exchange, by means of the following economic assets: assets acquired from abroad by the foreign investor which are capital in cash in the form of convertible currency bought and sold by the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, stocks and bonds of foreign companies excluding government bonds, machinery and equipment, industrial and intellectual property rights; or assets acquired from Turkey by foreign investor which are reinvested earnings, revenues, financial claims, or any other investment-related rights of financial value, rights for the exploration and extraction of natural resources. According to Article 4 of the Regulation for Implementation of Foreign Direct Investment Law, the Ministry of Economy shall provide information on the companies within the scope of foreign direct investments from Trade Registry Offices and related public institutions and organizations.
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Lai, Cheng-Chuan, Jaw-Lin Wang, Guan-Liang Chang, and Cheng-Hsien Chung. "The Load Sharing Contribution of Spinal Facet Joint During Impact Loading: A Porcine Biomechanical Model." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42940.
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The components that share the loading of motion segment include the facet joint and disc. Nachemson [1] reported the facet joint share 18% of vertical loading in a motion segment; while many other researchers reported the load sharing percentage of facet joint ranges from 1% to 57% [2,3]. The current study developed a unique apparatus using an in vitro porcine spine model to quantify the alteration of loading in the facet joint under impact compressive loading at different loading conditions. A drop tower type impact apparatus was used to produce the impact energy for the motion segment. A 6-D load cell was placed under the specimen to detect the force and moment responses. The pressure sensor was inserted into the facet joint to find the contact force. The pointed axial compresive forces were applied at 8 locations from anterior to posterior of upper vertebrae to mimic different impact loading conditions. The impact energy was fixed at 1.2 J. We found that; when the loading was applied anteriorly, the facet joint sustained very small percentages of the loading; while the location of the loading moved posteriorly, the facet joint sharing percentages increased. The largest sharing percentages of facet joint reached 30% in the current study.
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Drinjak, Nikola, Danica Živković, Marina Ignjatović, and Stefan Komazec. "Serbian Gen Z and the Gig Economy: Unveiling Perceptions and Motivational Factors." In International Conference on Sharing Economy and Contemporary Business Models: Theory and Practice – “IC-SHARE 2024”. University of Belgrade - Faculty of Organizational Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62863/glpw2572.
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This study investigates the engagement of Serbian Generation Z individuals in the gig economy, focusing on perceptions and motivational factors. Through an examination of existing gig economy platforms in Serbia, as well as a survey conducted among University of Belgrade students, the research explores student participation in the gig economy. Findings reveal that a smaller percentage of surveyed students participate in platform work (only 6.8%) and that females dominate this group. Factors such as financial support for tuition fees are associated with increased participation. Students offering skills via platforms primarily engage in tasks such as online classes and social media management, with average hourly rates of around 16 EUR. The study suggests the need for educational initiatives to raise awareness among young individuals and highlights the importance of further research to generalize findings and understand workforce segmentation within the gig economy.
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Kiseleva, Aleksandra, and I. Uskova. "INFLUENCE OF THE WIDTH AND AGE OF THE ANNUAL LAYER ON THE PERCENTAGE OF LATE PINE WOOD FROM THE SOUTHERN TAIGA ZONE." In ENERGY-SAVING AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FORESTRY INDUSTRY. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2025. https://doi.org/10.58168/e-seftfi2024_72-78.
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The forest resources of our country are distinguished not only by timber reserves, but also by the diversity of tree species. The characteristics of each breed determine its scope of use. Scots pine is distinguished by a wide distribution area, a large share in the total volume of resources, but it is also a widely and diversely used species. For successful planning of the use of wood, it is necessary to know its properties, which will differ slightly for different regions. It is important to identify the patterns of changes in the properties of wood that determine its industrial importance depending on various factors. In this work, the changes in the percentage of late pine wood from the southern taiga zone were studied in order to identify its change in the age and width of the annual layer. This can facilitate ways to assess the quality characteristics of wood.
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Melnic, Maria, and Olesea Gliga. "About chemical composition of the nematode Ditylenchus Dipsaci." In Xth International Conference of Zoologists. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/icz10.2021.40.
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In the article are presented data on the quantitative variations of bound amino acids in the tissue protein of the nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci Kuhn, 1857, parasite of Allium sativum crops. It was revealed that the largest share is: glutamic acid + glutamine -21.0% of the total amount, aspartic acid + asparagine - 11.0%, glycine -12.6% and alanine -10.5. In smaller quantities was evidenced: tryptophan (0.8%), histidine (0.8%) and methionine (0.1%). According to the distribution by groups, it was determined that non-essential amino acids have the highest percentage of the total -31.9%, followed by immunoactive amino acids - 25.7% and glycogen - 21.5%.
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Kovači, Armin. "Effects of COVID-19 Stringency Measures on Business Indicators in the European Union." In 7th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2023 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2023.19.
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The global pandemic had a big effect on business and the economy overall. Affected by the fear of the spreading virus, many countries implemented stringency measures. These measures additionally affected the level of business activities. The main objective of this study was to research and analyze the business effects of COVID-19 measures at the level of the European Union. Business indicators included business investment rate, the gross profit share of non-financial corporations, assets of non-financial corporations as a percentage of GDP, economic sentiment indicator, production in construction, production in industry, and the volume of retail trade (monthly data, percentage change on previous period). The main indicator used to show the level of stringency measures was the COVID-19 Stringency Index. Results showed a high correlation between stringency measures and business investment rate, assets of non-financial corporations, production in industry, production in construction and volume of retail trade. Some of these results could be under the influence of the European Union’s long-term budget, coupled with NextGenerationEU.
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Castillo, Juan A. Sordo, Libar A. Vega Paez, and Sarita Y. Sandoval Perez. "Historical case of Offshore application of Booster ESP in wells with Heavy Oil and High Percentage of H2S and CO2." In SPE Middle East Artificial Lift Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/221541-ms.
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Abstract The purpose of this document is to share the development of the application of Booster ESP in wells with high power requirements and high rates which are located in Marine Region of México where fails means high impacts in costs. These reservoirs are characterized for its high annual decline rate of reservoir pressure, from 4 to 7 kg/cm2 per year what means low statics level of fluid, 2000 tvd, and low pump intake pressures compared to the bubble pressure of the field, in addition to heavy crude oil (10 °API) with low percentage of water (0 – 30%), high percentage (&gt;20%mol) of hydrogen sulfide acid (H2S), high percentage (&gt;10%mol) of carbon dioxide (CO2) and high temperatures (from 120 to 130 °C). The application of this kind of completions or configurations where Dual ESP Pods operate simultaneously, will allow to widen the operational range of those wells or ESP that are limited by power, depth, pressure, or temperature through a distribution of loads between both ESP reducing power requirements and motor temperature and hence, scale precipitation, increasing the ESP run life. Once Booster system design was defined, an application plan which consist of two phases was deployed, the first phase showed that Upper ESP operate with high motor temperature vs Lower ESP, about 4 and 8%, this due to heat transfer. The second phase, where the dual ESP system was optimized and designed according to the well needs show excellent results, reducing current consumption and power requirements between 20 and 40%, furthermore, motor temperature reduce almost 10%. The novelty of this project is in the ability to increase the experience with this kind of operational philosophy with heavy oil, high temperature and low-pressure reservoirs, that will allow to increase run life and reduce operating costs for interventions due to recurrent failures.
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Mirković, Snežana, Mila Kavalić, Verica Gluvakov, Milan Nikolić, Stefan Ugrinov, and Mihalj Bakator. "Analysis of beer sales in a trading company: Market trends, packaging, and brands in the period from 2021 to 2024." In VII naučno-stručni simpozijum sa međunarodnim učešćem "Pivo, pivarske sirovine i tržište". Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops Research, Novi Sad, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5937/pivos24028m.
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The beer category holds a significant place in the sales structure of alcoholic beverages in the domestic market, so understanding consumer trends and sales dynamics is of key importance for trading companies. The research analyzes beer sales in the period from 2021 to 2024 in a company operating in Vojvodina and Belgrade, using data from internal databases. It specifically focuses on beer sales by packaging types (nonreturnable and returnable glass packaging, cans, and PET), identifying consumer preferences. Additionally, monthly sales variations and the share of the top 5 brands are analyzed, providing insights into dominant brands and their market influence. In order to obtain a clear picture of beer sales trends, basic statistical methods were used, such as share analysis, percentage changes, and comparison of monthly data. The results show that beer maintains a stable share of 73% in the sales of alcoholic beverages during the period from 2021 to 2024. PET packaging declines from 9.6% in 2021 to 5.2% in2024, while cans record an increase from 44.2% to 54.7%, taking a dominant share. Non-returnable packaging shows growth, while returnable packaging decreases from 45.1% to 37.2%. These data indicate a shift in consumer preference towards cans, likely due to changes in consumer preferences and market conditions. Among the leading brands, Jelen beer is the most dominant with an average share of 38% during the period from 2021 to 2024. Lowenbrau increases to 12.5%, while Lav beer maintains a stable share of 11.4%. Zaječarsko beer ranks fourth with a 9.6% sales share, while Tuborg beer, with 8.6%, enters the top 5 brands, indicating a potential growth of international brands and consumer interest in new options on the market. Beer sales show significant seasonal variations throughout the year. The highest sales share is achieved in the third quarter (31.4%), which is expected given the summer period when beer consumption is traditionally highest due to warm weather, vacations, and social events. There is also a high sales share in the second quarter (27.8%), while the first (17.3%) and fourth quarters (23.5%) record lower sales results due to the winter months. Based on these analyses, the research provides a detailed overview of market trends and consumer preferences, enabling conclusions to be drawn regarding future sales strategies and the optimization of the beer category offering in retail outlets.
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Simeonovski, Kiril, Elena Naumovska, and Mihail Petkovski. "THE EFFECT OF BANK DENSITY ON FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2020.0014.
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This paper provides evidence about the link between bank density as a form of financial deepening, and financial development and economic performance. We construct a panel of European countries and develop a dynamic regression model with GDP dynamics up to three lags and a full set of fixed effects to study the effect that the number of bank branches and automated teller machines per capita have on real GDP per capita. Our baseline estimates point out to a weak negative impact of the increased number of bank branches per capita on economic performance by around 0.3 per cent annually. We find similar results from the subsequent IV and GMM estimates as well as when swapping the population basis of the bank density measures with the area. The IV strategy reveals that our both measures are endogenous with the respect to the level of urbanisation and the share of Internet users up to three lags. We further include financial development as a covariate and find weaker negative impact of the number of bank branches and a weak positive impact of the number of automated teller machines by about 0.15 per cent annually. Our estimates with respect to financial development reveal that both bank measures can be considered significant drivers given the positive impact of about 0.8 to 1.2 percentage points obtained for the number of bank branches and about 0.6 to 0.7 percentage points for the number of automated teller machines. We do not find any significant differences between the countries with harmonised regulations and shared currency as a result of the EU and Eurozone membership.
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Petrov, Miroslav P., Andrew R. Martin, and Laszlo Hunyadi. "Hybrid Dual-Fuel Combined Cycles: General Performance Analysis." In 2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2002-26043.
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The hybrid dual-fuel combined cycle concept is a promising technology for increasing the energy utilization of low-grade (solid) fuels. Advantages such as enhanced electrical efficiency, favorable economics, and relative ease of construction and operation have been pointed out by various authors in previous studies. The present investigation aims to assess the performance of natural gas and coal- or biomass-fired hybrid combined cycles, with a gas turbine as topping cycle and a steam boiler as bottoming cycle. A parametric analysis considers the impact of the natural gas/solid fuel energy ratio on the electrical efficiency of various hybrid system configurations. Results show that significant performance improvements (in the order of several percentage points in electrical efficiency) can be achieved by these hybrid configurations when compared to the reference (two independent, single-fuel power plants at the given scales). In large-scale power plants with coal-fired bottoming cycle, efficiencies continuously rise as the share of natural gas fuel is increased up to the cycle integration limits, while an optimum can be seen for the small-scale biomass-fired bottoming cycles (with modest steam parameters) at a certain share of natural gas fuel input.
Reports on the topic "Percentage share"
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González Rozada, Martín, and Hernán Ruffo. Do Trade Agreements Contribute to the Decline in Labor Share? Evidence from Latin American Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003790.
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In this paper, we explore the role of trade in the evolution of labor share in Latin American countries. We use trade agreements with large economies (the United States, the European Union, and China) to capture the effect of sharp changes in trade. In the last two decades, labor share has displayed a negative trend among those countries that signed trade agreements, while in other countries labor share increased, widening the gap by 7 percentage points. We apply synthetic control methods to estimate the average causal impact of trade agreements on labor share. While effects are heterogeneous in our eight case studies, the average impact is negative between 2 to 4 percentage points of GDP four years after the entry into force of the trade agreements. This result is robust to the specification used and to the set of countries in the donor pool. We also find that, after trade agreements, exports of manufactured goods and the share of industry in GDP increase on average, most notably in the case studies where negative effects on labor share are significant. A decomposition shows that all the reduction in labor share is explained by a negative impact on real wages.
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Aromi, Daniel, María Paula Bonel, Julian P. Cristia, et al. Research Insights: How Much Has Human Mobility Been Reduced by Social Distancing Policies in Latin America and the Caribbean? Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003135.
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The lockdowns implemented in Latin America and the Caribbean in March 2020 reduced the share of people who travel more than 1 km (about 0.6 miles) per day by 10 percentage points during the 15 days following its implementation. The effects of the lockdowns declined over time: the effect amounted to 12 percentage points during the first week and to 9 percentage points during the second week of the implementation of the lockdowns. In contrast, school closures reduced mobility by only 5 percentage points, and no effects were found for bar and restaurant closures or the cancellation of public events. The results suggest that lockdowns are a tool that can produce reductions in mobility quickly. This is important given the expectation that reduced mobility slows the spread of COVID-19.
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Berlinski, Samuel, Matías Busso, Taryn Dinkelman, and Claudia Martínez. Research Insights: Can Low-Cost Communication Technologies Bridge Information Gaps between Schools and Parents? Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003737.
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We document large gaps between parents knowledge and school reports of students attendance and grades. Sending frequent text messages with information on attendance, grades and school behavior shrinks those gaps. Parents of at-risk students adjust their understanding of their children's performance to the greatest degree. High-frequency text messages had positive impacts on grades and attendance. Math GPA increased 0.08 of a standard deviation; the probability of earning a passing grade in math increased by 2.7 percentage points (relative to a mean of 90 percent). The intervention also reduced school absenteeism by 1 percentage point and increased the share of students who met attendance requirements for grade promotion by 4.5 percentage points.
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Gelain, Paolo, and Marco Lorusso. The US banks’ balance sheet transmission channel of oil price shocks. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202233.
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We document the existence of a quantitative relevant banks' balance-sheet transmission channel of oil price shocks by estimating a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with banking and oil sectors. The associated amplification mechanism implies that those shocks explain a non-negligible share of US GDP growth fluctuations, up to 17 percent, instead of 6 percent absent the banking sector. Also, they mitigated the severity of the Great Recession’s trough. GDP growth would have been 2.48 percentage points more negative in 2008Q4 without the beneficial effect of low oil prices. The estimate without the banking sector is only 1.30 percentage points.
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Thomson, Sue. PISA 2018: Australia in Focus Number 1: Academic resilience among Australian students. Australian Council for Educational Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-624-6.
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Socioeconomically disadvantaged students (i.e. those whose scores on a constructed measure of social and cultural capital are below a specified cut-off, usually the 25th percentile) have been found to be more likely to drop out of school, repeat a grade, achieve lower levels at senior secondary school, and score lower on tests such as the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Despite this association between socioeconomic disadvantage and poorer outcomes related to education, a percentage of students who come from disadvantaged backgrounds enjoy success at school. This apparent success despite the odds is of interest to researchers and educators alike – what, if any, characteristics do these academically resilient students share, why might this be and what can we learn from this group of students, however small, that might assist in improving outcomes for all students, regardless of their socioeconomic background?
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Habyarimana, James, Ken Ochieng' Opalo, and Youdi Schipper. The Cyclical Electoral Impacts of Programmatic Policies: Evidence from Education Reforms in Tanzania. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2020/051.
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A large literature documents the electoral benefits of clientelistic and programmatic policies in low-income states. We extend this literature by showing the cyclical electoral responses to a large programmatic intervention to expand access to secondary education in Tanzania over multiple electoral periods. Using a difference-indifference approach, we find that the incumbent party's vote share increased by 2 percentage points in the election following the policy's announcement as a campaign promise (2005), but decreased by -1.4 percentage points in the election following implementation (2010). We find no discernible electoral impact of the policy in 2015, two electoral cycles later. We attribute the electoral penalty in 2010 to how the secondary school expansion policy was implemented. Our findings shed light on the temporally-contingent electoral impacts of programmatic policies, and highlight the need for more research on how policy implementation structures public opinion and vote choice in low-income states.
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Rodríguez Chamussy, Lourdes. Local Electoral Rewards from Centralized Social Programs: Are Mayors Getting the Credit? Inter-American Development Bank, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011674.
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This paper uses variation in the timing of the Mexican antipoverty program's introduction across municipalities to identify its impact on the share of votes for the local incumbent party. Evidence is found that voters reward the mayor's party for the central benefit to their constituencies, accounting on average for 2.8 additional percentage points in the share of votes for the mayor's party. The analysis of party alignment shows that this electoral effect cannot be explained as a reward for the federal incumbent in local elections. Alternative explanations are examined, and it is shown that the effect for the local incumbent is heterogeneous for the different political parties and varies with characteristics of the municipalities, being stronger where the mayor faced more contestable elections, in capital cities of the states and in predominantly urban, more educated and relatively wealthier municipalities. Findings are consistent with the hypothesis that politicians have incentives to engage in signaling strategies to link themselves to the transfer program.
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Berlinski, Samuel, Matías Busso, Taryn Dinkelman, and Claudia Martínez A. Reducing Parent-School Information Gaps and Improving Education Outcomes: Evidence from High-Frequency Text Messages. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003257.
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We conducted an experiment in low-income schools in Chile to test the effects and behavioral changes triggered by a program that sends attendance, grade, and classroom behavior information to parents via weekly and monthly text messages. Our 18-month intervention raised average math GPA by 0.09 of a standard deviation and increased the share of students satisfying attendance requirements for grade promotion by 4.5 percentage points. Treatment effects were larger for students at higher risk of later grade retention and dropout. Leveraging existing school inputs for a light-touch, cost-effective, and scalable information intervention can improve education outcomes in lower-income settings.
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Canto, Patricia, ed. Exporters of services in Spain. Universidad de Deusto, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/mtkd4002.
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Using unique firm-level data, we analyze the characteristics of services exporters in one of world's most important services traders: Spain. Our paper shows that only a small percentage of firms participate in services export; moreover, exports represent a small share of total turnover for traders. We also find that exporters have a premium over non-exporters in size, sales, labor productivity and differentiation level. These variables also play an important role in determining firms' participation in the export market and in firms' export intensity. Our results show that exporters where already more productive than other firms before starting to export. We do not find evidence that exporting increases firms' productivity.
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Tian, Nan, Diego Lopes da Silva, Xiao Liang, and Lorenzo Scarazzato. Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2023. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/bqga2180.
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World military expenditure increased for the ninth consecutive year in 2023, reaching a total of $2443 billion. The 6.8 per cent increase in 2023 was the steepest year-on-year rise since 2009 and pushed global spending to the highest level SIPRI has ever recorded. The world military burden—defined as military spending as a percentage of global gross domestic product (GDP)—increased to 2.3 per cent in 2023. Average military expenditure as a share of government expenditure rose by 0.4 percentage points to 6.9 per cent in 2023 and world military spending per person was the highest since 1990, at $306. The rise in global military spending in 2023 can be attributed primarily to the ongoing war in Ukraine and escalating geopolitical tensions in Asia and Oceania and the Middle East. Military expenditure went up in all five geographical regions, with major spending increases recorded in Europe, Asia and Oceania and the Middle East. This SIPRI Fact Sheet highlights trends in military expenditure for 2023 and over the decade 2014–23. The data, which replaces all military spending data previously published by SIPRI, comes from the updated SIPRI Military Expenditure Database.