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1
Miss., R. R. Agarkar*1 &. Dr. D. V. Ghewade2. "A REVIEW ON EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF STAGGERED FINS." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 8, no. 7 (2019): 56–59. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3269728.
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It is proved till today that special surface geometry or special fin pattern may enhance heat transfer coefficients. The area selected for investigation is experimental analysis of one of the special fin pattern i.e. staggered fin arrays and software validation. They are compared with continuous fin array. From the literature survey, test section and fin arrays under study are designed. For each 33.33 % and 50% lengthwise staggering is done. Then by performing an experiment, readings of 12 temperatures were recorded for four different heater inputs. From these readings Nusselt number for each array for given range of heater input is calculated. Conduction and radiation losses are also calculated. The arrays under study are compared. It was predicted that array with staggered fins will have higher values of Nusselt number for all values of heater input and increases when % staggering is increased and the experiment gave the same results. Thus it is concluded that the staggered arrangement enhances the heat transfer rate. In other words it can be concluded that the staggered arrays may be used for augmentation of heat transfer in vertical fins. Software analysis results are compared with experimental results.
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Ivanov, A. I. "TO THE TECHNIQUE OF CONSERVATIVE CESARIAN SECTION OPERATION." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 7, no. 3 (2020): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd73209-220.
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Caesarean section, which in the previous pre-antiseptic time gave a staggering percentage of mortality, really seemed too risky an operation; according to statistics collected by Joulin in Trait d'Acouchements, this percentage, according to different authors, fluctuated between 44.5% and 66.6%. According to Lazarevich (Course of Obstetrics published in 1892), the mortality rate in the old days was 80%. After the introduction of antiseptics and mainly after the improvements in the surgical technique proposed by Snger, the mortality rate can be so much that if the operation is performed in a good environment and by the hands of an experienced surgeon, then less than 10% is obtained; thus, Leopold's caesarean sections gave only 8% of the adverse outcomes.
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Martinotti, Giovanni, Matteo Lupi, Leonardo Carlucci, et al. "Alcohol drinking patterns in young people: A survey-based study." Journal of Health Psychology 22, no. 14 (2016): 1889–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105316667795.
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Binge drinking represents a major clinical and public health concern. Here, we investigated the prevalence of binge drinking and its related consequences, in a population of young adults. A questionnaire was administered to a sample of 4275 healthy subjects. In the overall sample, the percentage of binge drinkers was 67.6 per cent; among regular alcohol users, 79.5 per cent reported episodes of binge drinking. Among binge drinkers, several serious consequences were identified (staggering and stuttering, amnesia, loss of control, aggressiveness, sexual disinhibition). Raising awareness about the seriousness of binge drinking may help health care providers to identify cases early on and provide appropriate treatments.
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Sulistyani, Hapsari Dwiningtyas, Turnomo Rahardjo, and Lintang Ratri Rahmiaji. "GEN Z AND RELIGIOUS-BASED SOCIAL DISTANCE." Profetik: Jurnal Komunikasi 14, no. 1 (2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/pjk.v14i1.1970.
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Gen Z is the generation that were born between 1996 and 2015. In this paper the gen z is represented by university students who become the respondents of this research. The main focus of this paper is describing the religion-based social distance among the university students. Social distance is the degree of separation between different social groups. The specific group this paper focuses on is the religion-based groups. The main theory employs in this research is Social Scale theory that provide the basic instrument of social distance measurement. To gather the data this research uses survey and interviews. The result depicts that there are social distances on particular religious groups. The percentages of respondents who feel a distance to certain religious groups are varied. The percentages of respondent who perceived a distance toward Islam is only 7,5 percent. Whereas the percentage that of social distance to local religions, on the other hand, is staggering on the value 84,3 percent. The result signifies that most of respondent feel that they have a social distance to local religious groups. The respondent argues that the main reason for the social distance toward the local religious group is the perception that the local religious believers are more likely to form a cult that might be endangered the social harmony in the university.
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Gaschen, F., L. Gaschen, G. Seiler, et al. "Lethal Peracute Rhabdomyolysis Associated with Stress and General Anesthesia in Three Dystrophin-deficient Cats." Veterinary Pathology 35, no. 2 (1998): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589803500205.
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Three cats affected with dystrophin deficiency and hypertrophic muscular dystrophy developed peracute rhabdomyolysis with a fatal outcome. Two cats were anesthetized with isoflurane for routine procedures and did not recover properly from the anesthetic procedure. One cat was manually restrained for an echographic examination and started staggering after a short struggle; its condition worsened, and it died. Blood chemistry findings included severe hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, massive increases in creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, and high ion gap metabolic acidosis. Light microscopic evaluation of skeletal muscle revealed severe acute rhabdomyolysis with marked extensive necrosis of large groups of fibers and endomysial edema. These lesions were observed in many skeletal muscles but particularly in the masseter and supraspinatus muscles and in the diaphragm. Typical changes associated with dystrophin deficiency in cats were also noted. Histochemical analysis revealed that the dystrophin deficiency was associated with a decrease in the percentage of type 1 myofibers in all three cats. This change was marked in the 20-month-old cat and milder in the younger cats (6.5 and 8.5 months of age). Percentages of type 2A fibers were markedly decreased and percentages of type 2X fibers were markedly increased in the younger cats. Rhabdomyolysis has been reported in dystrophinopathic humans but not in other animal models of dystrophin deficiency. An increased sensitivity of the dystrophin-deficient sarcolemmal membrane to volatile anesthetic agents, stress, or intense muscular activity is suspected.
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Dugar, Amitabh, and Mahendra R. Gujarathi. "Toshiba's Creative Accounting for Construction Contracts." Issues in Accounting Education 33, no. 3 (2018): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace-52127.
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ABSTRACT This case aims to help you understand how a world-known Japanese conglomerate—Toshiba Corporation—managed its earnings using the percentage-of-completion method to account for construction contracts in its Energy and Infrastructure division. In response to inquiries from Japan's Securities and Exchange Surveillance Commission (SESC) and internal investigations, Toshiba restated its earnings for an extended period (2008–2014) by the staggering amount of $1.86 billion. Twenty-one percent of this amount related to its improper accounting for construction contracts. The case requires you to research authoritative accounting literature, evaluate Toshiba's accounting practices, and determine which GAAP-compliant procedures Toshiba should have followed. The case assignment intends to improve your ability to (1) identify, interpret, and apply the new revenue recognition standard (ASC 606), (2) appreciate the distinction between a company's stated accounting policies and their implementation, (3) recognize the importance of estimates and judgments in the accounting process, and (4) understand the critical role played by the senior management and organizational culture in the assurance of integrity in financial reports.
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Nijith, Dr. Sumi. "Impact of Health Insurance on Financial Inclusion- A Study in M East Ward of Mumbai." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 4, no. 33 (2023): 51–54. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10153168.
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<strong>Abstract:</strong>India has been working on financial inclusion since its independence but still staggering. Many efforts and plans were made to make financial inclusion successful, the banking sector was in focus to make people aware of the financial products and their benefits, banking models were introduced, branches were increased so on and so forth. Healthcare expenditure is one of the most important points to be considered as every person has some kind of health expenditure whether poor or rich. The objective of this paper is to assist the health planners, insurers, government officials and other private officials concerned with the insurance sector and healthcare sector to understand the need of insurance and its impact on financial inclusion. Indian public sector spends very less percentage of GDP on healthcare sector which increases out-of-pocket expenditure and decreases per capita income. Financial inclusion through Insurance can only be achieved after increasing insurance literacy rate and proper implementation of plans and schemes introduced. An efficient healthcare budget with appropriate utilisation and management should be in focus.
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Desai, Miral, and Hiren Mewada. "A novel approach for yoga pose estimation based on in-depth analysis of human body joint detection accuracy." PeerJ Computer Science 9 (January 13, 2023): e1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1152.
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Virtual motion and pose from images and video can be estimated by detecting body joints and their interconnection. The human body has diverse and complicated poses in yoga, making its classification challenging. This study estimates yoga poses from the images using a neural network. Five different yoga poses, viz. downdog, tree, plank, warrior2, and goddess in the form of RGB images are used as the target inputs. The BlazePose model was used to localize the body joints of the yoga poses. It detected a maximum of 33 body joints, referred to as keypoints, covering almost all the body parts. Keypoints achieved from the model are considered as predicted joint locations. True keypoints, as the ground truth body joint for individual yoga poses, are identified manually using the open source image annotation tool named Makesense AI. A detailed analysis of the body joint detection accuracy is proposed in the form of percentage of corrected keypoints (PCK) and percentage of detected joints (PDJ) for individual body parts and individual body joints, respectively. An algorithm is designed to measure PCK and PDJ in which the distance between the predicted joint location and true joint location is calculated. The experiment evaluation suggests that the adopted model obtained 93.9% PCK for the goddess pose. The maximum PCK achieved for the goddess pose, i.e., 93.9%, PDJ evaluation was carried out in the staggering mode where maximum PDJ is obtained as 90% to 100% for almost all the body joints.
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Bystrova, Yuliya, Sergei Melnik, Pavel Nadtachaev, Bela Bidova, and Gennadii Pratsko. "The main threats to economic security of the country." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 08108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127308108.
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At present, in the period of complicated international legal relations, there is an intensive need for ensuring economic security of our country. It is the economic sphere that is the ground for internal policy of the government, the human factors system of every citizen and society as a whole. As the main threats to economic security of our country, suboptimal public administration and a high level of criminalization and corruption in the economic sphere should be identified. In this article, the mentioned threats are considered as the main ones, based on the represented statistical data on the character of damage caused to economy of our country. Criminalization of the management sphere is widening every year, the percentage of official crimes committed is inexorably rising. The amount of embezzlement of budget funds committed by persons whose official duties are directed at protecting the national interests and performing basic governmental objectives, is also staggering. A large enough volume of legal acts directed at regulating management processes and narrowing the “sector for abuse” is adopted annually, however, the number of offenses does not reduce. In this connection, we propose to change the approach to measures of legal liability for committed deeds.
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Ansary, Rabiul. "Emerging Patterns of migration streams in India: A State Level Analysis of 2011 Census." Migration Letters 15, no. 3 (2018): 347–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v15i3.357.
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This article discusses changing patterns of migration in India using the data from the 2011 Census. In this study, the statistical (growth rate, percentage distribution) and cartographic methods have been used to analyse and map the changing patterns of migration across the states in India. It is found that in India, 37.5 percent of the population experienced spatial mobility in the 2011 Census which is higher than that of the 2001 Census (30.8 percent). The volume of migrants in the intercensal period (2001 to 2011) increased from 98.3 million to 161.4 million, an increase of over 64 percent. Overall, migration is more likely among the rural populations compared to the urban. However, substantial increase in the volume of urban-urban movements (14 million in 2001 to around 33 million in 2011) is the focus of the current study along with the rural-urban flows. For the first time in Indian Census history, the volume of urban-urban migration overtook the rural-urban migration volume in the last intercensal period. Creation of additional 2700 new Census Towns in the 2011 Census may be the real driving force for this staggering increase
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AL Rahman, Sarab K. Abed, Maaroof T. Hassan, and Sherzad A. Ismael. "Health-care seeking behavior among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Salahadin Governorate." Advanced medical journal 1, no. 1 (2015): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.56056/amj.2015.04.
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Background and objectives: The burden of tuberculosis on public health is staggering and has become of growing concern to stakeholders in recent times worldwide. Patients delay in seeking care increases the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis and hence the burden of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the patterns and determinants of patients delay in seeking treatment among pulmonary tuberculosis cases attending the chest and respiratory consultation center in Salahadin governorate. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 50 tuberculosis cases attending the chest and respiratory consultation center in Salahadin governorate. A questionnaire was used to collect the data that by face to face interview with the patient including25 questions divided into two sections of identification information, socio-demographic characteristics and health seeking history. Results: The median patient delay was 3.9 weeks. The median health system delay was 3.0 weeks. The median total delay was 8.9 weeks. The highest percentage of patients’ first health seeking places was the private clinic 72%. Conclusions: The major cause of delay in seeking treatment among pulmonary tuberculosis cases was attributed to patient and the health system. Decentralization of the treatment is fundamental for earlier diagnosis. Involvement of private sectors in the treatment program will result in a decrease in the delay of tuberculosis patients.
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Bae, Ashley S. "Key barriers against racial and ethnic minority participation in U.S. clinical trials." International Journal of Clinical Trials 9, no. 3 (2022): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3259.ijct20221876.
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<p class="abstract">Despite the United States’ (U.S.) longstanding history of promoting a melting pot nation of people from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds all capable of achieving the American Dream, it is argued that the U.S. is failing to deliver high quality healthcare to all of its constituents equally. The widely seen health disparities of ethnic minority groups endure has extended into the parallel field of clinical research and clinical trials. There is a staggering gap between the percentage of White clinical trial participants compared to clinical trial participants of racially and ethnically diverse minority groups in U.S. clinical trials. Underrepresentation of minority groups in clinical trials dismisses opportunities to identify potential serious sub-group safety or efficacy signals, open doors to access life-saving treatments, and ultimately improve the standard of evidence-based medicine in the United States. Current literature on this issue frequently reiterates the following five key barriers underrepresented minority groups face against clinical trial participation: mistrust, lack of awareness and access, cultural and language barriers, investigator and provider bias, and financial burdens. A deeper dive into understanding each barrier will be critical in implementing changes with actions and in perspectives in order to address the issue of poor racial and ethnic representation in clinical trial populations.</p>
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Lin, Cayden. "China’s Future Real Estate Development Tendency." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 27 (March 5, 2024): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/gq1x6962.
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The world’s real estate businesses have been growing at a staggering rate. As the economy increases in many countries, people's demand in purchasing real estate rises, starting a new era of real estate businesses, success is seen in many parts of the world. Real estate development is a risky business, developers have to be extremely cautious with every step, keeping an eye on every possible detail that would cause the whole project to collapse. Focusing on our main objective, what is the real estate development rate in China like? According to an analysis report about the bankruptcy rate, it shows that there are a total of 308 real estate companies that faced bankruptcy in 2022. Every year a minimum of 300 real estate companies will collapse but compared to the current surviving company (124665), the percentage is calculated to be 0.25 percent of the total market. Experts have tried to estimate the future trend of real estate development, but because of the complicated systems, it's hard to see a clear result. But as government policies and the economy flow up and down, China’s real estate development cannot be underestimated. This paper aims to discover the future development of China’s real estate development, estimating whether the real estate business will go on a down road or an upload. Giving an insight, a rough conclusion that answers the doubts in people’s minds.
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Eriantina, Nova, Muhammad Irfai, and Muhammad Pahrudin. "Correlation Between Ship Sanitation and Cockroach Infestation on Tugboats." Global Health & Environmental Perspectives 1, no. 2 (2024): 154–63. https://doi.org/10.61848/ghep.v1i2.62.
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This study examines the correlation between ship hygiene and cockroach infestations on tugboats moored in Beringin Port, Palangka Raya. It aims to answer concerns regarding the spread of diseases in maritime settings. The study utilized an analytical survey methodology with a cross-sectional design, investigating a total of 30 tugboats over a period of three months. The assessment of ship sanitation was conducted using a thorough checklist, while the determination of cockroach population indices was done using sticky traps. The Fisher's Exact Test demonstrated a statistically significant association between ship sanitation and cockroach infestation (p-value = 0.001). The findings indicated that 67% of ships satisfied the sanitary criteria, but 33% did not adhere to them. Remarkably, a staggering 93.3% of ships exhibited signs of cockroach infestation, with 60% surpassing the permissible level for the Cockroach Population Index. The compliance percentage was lowest in kitchen areas (26.7%), followed by storage rooms (33.3%) and staff cabins (40.0%). The study underscores the widespread occurrence of sanitation problems and insect invasions in maritime environments, underscoring the necessity for improved hygiene protocols, routine inspections, and specific pest management tactics. These findings enhance our comprehension of maritime health and sanitation, emphasizing the crucial significance of upholding rigorous cleaning standards on ships for the sake of public health, economic effectiveness, and maritime safety. According to the research, enhancing sanitary procedures could effectively decrease cockroach infestations, hence reducing the related health risks and economic consequences in the shipping business.
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Mohammed, Dilshad, and Balázs Horváth. "Assessing the Paradox of Autonomous Vehicles: Promised Fuel Efficiency vs. Aggregate Fuel Consumption." Energies 17, no. 7 (2024): 1589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17071589.
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As autonomous vehicles (AVs) continue to evolve and approach widespread adoption in the near future, the touted benefits of improved fuel efficiency at an individual level come under scrutiny when considering the overall impact on fuel consumption. This research delves into the paradoxical relationship between the promising technology of AVs, their impact on traffic capacities, travel demand, and the subsequent influence on aggregate fuel consumption. While AVs have demonstrated enhanced fuel efficiency when considered as a singular mode of transportation, our study reveals a contrasting trend when scaled to a broader societal context. Through comprehensive analysis of the literature, we discovered that, at lower limits of energy savings achievable by a single AV, the overall fuel consumption increases by a staggering 42% compared to conventional human-driven vehicles. This counterintuitive outcome is a result of the aggregate effect of increased AV usage, leading to higher traffic volumes and travel demands. Conversely, at higher thresholds of energy savings by individual AVs, the percentage of fuel consumption increment diminishes, but remains notable. Even with advanced energy-saving features, the overall fuel quantity still experiences a substantial 30% increase compared to conventional vehicles when scaled up to widespread AV use. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering the holistic impact of AVs on transportation systems and energy consumption. As society transitions towards AV-dominated traffic, policymakers and stakeholders must address the challenges associated with increased travel demand, potential traffic congestion, and the resultant implications on fuel consumption.
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Żuchowski, Michał, Dominika Mańdziuk, Patrycja Niewinna, et al. "I'm sick? I don't train!" – Relation between training during upper respiratory infection and myocarditis." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 70 (May 17, 2024): 49033. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.70.49033.
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IntrocudtionMyocarditis is one of the leading causes of sudden cardiac deaths among athletes. One of the factors increasing the risk of this disease is engaging in sports training during an infection. Many athletes, regardless of their level of advancement, are not aware of the risks associated with training during an infection, and those who are aware often ignore them and continue training. Purpose Assessment of behaviors and awareness among runners in Poland regarding the risk of developing myocarditis as a result of training during respiratory tract infections. Material and method In December 2023, a voluntary and anonymous online survey was conducted among a group of 399 adult runners from Poland. The survey included 13 questions, consisting of 11 single-choice questions and 2 multiple-choice questions. Results The percentage of individuals who do not associate training during an infection with an increased risk of myocarditis amounts to as much as 44.4% (n=177), while a staggering 86.7% (n=346) of respondents declare that they undertake training during respiratory infections. Conslusion After analyzing the survey, it's evident that while the Polish running community recognizes the risks of training during infections, many still exercise despite symptoms. Although most understand that intense training and early return to sports can harm health, awareness of myocarditis risks from exertion during infection is lacking. Despite protocols for post-illness return to sports, there's a need for campaigns to educate the running community on infection-related training risks.
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Tiwari, Hemant Kumar, and Anil Kumar Patel. "A Review on Experimental Study of Design of Rigid Pavement by using Recycled Coarse Aggregate with M30 Mix Design." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 008 (2024): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem37056.
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Concrete, a fundamental construction material, boasts attributes like durability, versatility, and cost- effectiveness. However, the depletion of natural resources and the escalating concrete waste production necessitate innovative solutions. In this rapidly industrializing world, recycling construction materials plays a pivotal role in preserving our finite resources. Concrete pavements, widely practiced in developed countries, are relatively new in India. Selecting the right pavement type is crucial, but equally important is determining the optimal pavement thickness based on traffic levels, subgrade conditions, and environmental factors. Unfortunately, many existing methodologies overlook critical factors (such as vehicle loads, support loss, thermal gradients, and environmental stress), leading to inaccurate thickness calculations. In this context, rigid pavement construction using recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) emerges as an eco-friendly and cost- effective solution. In a recent research endeavour, Recycled Coarse Aggregates (RCAs) sourced from demolished material took center stage. These demolished materials are meticulously crushed to a suitable size and repurposed as recycled coarse aggregate. Meanwhile, natural sand continues to serve as the fine aggregate. Notably, the concrete industry consumes a staggering 12.6 billion tons of raw materials annually, making it the world’s largest natural resource consumer. The environmental impact of concrete production—especially the extraction of raw ingredients such as cement, coarse aggregates, and fine aggregates—is considerable. To address this, the study employed a trial-and-error approach for mix design, adhering to relevant standards (such as IS code and IRC: 44-2008). For M30 grade cement concrete, varying percentages (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) of recycled coarse aggregates replaced conventional coarse aggregates. Casting used cube and beam models to obtain laboratory test results for rigid pavement to determine how much optimal percentage of RCA can be substituted in place of NCA. By integrating RCAs, we not only mitigate environmental impact but also contribute to sustainable rigid pavement structures. Key Words: Rigid Pavement Design, Recycled Coarse Aggregate, RCA Concrete, Natural Coarse Aggregate, NCA Concrete, Mix Proportion, Pavement Thickness, Life Cycle Cost, And Environmental Benefits etc.
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Shull, Caleb M. "395 Impact of pig mortality on U.S. pig producers." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (2020): 184–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.340.
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Abstract Swine producers in the U.S. face a significant challenge. On top of the ever-changing market dynamics that lead to wide swings in profitability or loss, is an underlying issue of pig mortality that the industry must address. While significant improvements in total piglets born per litter have been achieved over the last 10 years, pig mortality has seen no improvement or has worsened (Figure 1). When expressed as a percentage of piglets born (excluding mummies), a total of 7.9% were recorded as stillborn and 13.4% died prior to weaning in 2019. Assuming a typical mortality range of 7–10% from weaning to harvest, a typical U.S. producer could expect to lose around 27–30% of all piglets born. In addition, the average producer had around 12% annual sow mortality (Figure 1). Litter size and post-weaning growth rate and feed efficiency will always factor heavily into research priorities due to the economic impact associated with those traits; however, the opportunity to drive value through reduction in pig losses across the production cycle is staggering. In defense of the industry, improving pig survival is not an easy task for a number of reasons. The sample size (i.e., number of pigs) required to do mortality research correctly is often a limiting factor for many production systems. Furthermore, a cross-functional approach is likely required to make significant improvements in mortality. Specifically, the relationship between genetics, health, and management practices warrant consideration. Recent collaboration across the industry to improve mortality is a positive step forward and this collaboration should continue moving forward.
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Albert, Stephanie L., Brent A. Langellier, Mienah Z. Sharif, et al. "A corner store intervention to improve access to fruits and vegetables in two Latino communities." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 12 (2017): 2249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017001008.
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AbstractObjectiveInvestments have been made to alter the food environment of neighbourhoods that have a disproportionate number of unhealthy food venues. Corner store conversions are one strategy to increase access to fruits and vegetables (F&V). Although the literature shows modest success, the effectiveness of these interventions remains equivocal. The present paper reports on the evaluation of Proyecto MercadoFRESCO, a corner store conversion intervention in two Latino communities.DesignA repeated cross-sectional design was employed. Data were stratified by intervention arm and bivariate tests assessed changes over time. Logistic and multiple regression models with intervention arm, time and the interaction of intervention and time were conducted. Supplementary analyses account for clustering of patrons within stores and staggering of store conversions.SettingThree stores were converted and five stores served as comparisons in East Los Angeles and Boyle Heights, California, USA.SubjectsStore patrons were interviewed before (n550) and after (n407) the intervention.ResultsRelative to patrons of comparison stores, patrons of intervention stores demonstrated more favourable perceptions of corner stores and increased purchasing of F&V during that store visit. Changes were not detected in store patronage, percentage of weekly dollars spent on food for F&V or daily consumption of F&V.ConclusionsConsistent with some extant food environment literature, findings demonstrate limited effects. Investments should be made in multilevel, comprehensive interventions that target a variety retail food outlets rather than focusing on corner stores exclusively. Complementary policies limiting the availability, affordability and marketing of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods should also be pursued.
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Tang, Bor Luen. "Some Insights into the Factors Influencing Continuous Citation of Retracted Scientific Papers." Publications 11, no. 4 (2023): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/publications11040047.
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Once retracted, the citation count of a research paper might be intuitively expected to drop precipitously. Here, we assessed the post-retraction citation of life and medical sciences papers from two top-ranked, multidisciplinary journals Nature and Science, from 2010 to 2018. Post-retraction citations accounted for a staggering 47.7% and 40.9% of total citations (median values), respectively, of the papers included in our analysis. These numbers are comparable with those from two journals with lower impact factors, and with retracted papers from the physical sciences discipline. A more qualitative assessment of five papers from the two journals with a high percentage (>50%) of post-retraction citations, all of which are associated with misconduct, reveal different contributing reasons and factors. Retracted papers associated with highly publicized misconduct cases are more prone to being cited with the retraction status indicated, or projected negatively (such as in the context of research ethics and misconduct discussions), with the latter also indicated by cross-disciplinary citations by humanities and social sciences articles. Retracted papers that retained significant validity in their main findings/conclusions may receive a large number of neutral citations that are somewhat blind to the retraction. Retracted papers in popular subject areas with massive publication outputs, particularly secondary publications such as reviews, may also have a high background citation noise. Our findings add further insights to the nature of post-retraction citations beyond the plain notion that these are largely made through sheer ignorance or negligence by the citing authors.
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Lee, Irene, Lisa Cooper, and Doreen Waldron Lechner. "48842 Sponsor types of US interventional COVID-19 studies listed in ClinicalTrials.gov." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 5, s1 (2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2021.499.
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ABSTRACT IMPACT: Increase understanding of the types of sponsors responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted millions of lives globally. To learn more about this disease and find potential diagnostic, treatment, and preventative products, the healthcare community has initiated a staggering number of clinical trials. Clinicaltrials.gov was reviewed to determine the types of sponsors who are conducting COVID-19 studies. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Clinicaltrials.gov was searched using terms ‘COVID-19’ and ‘SARS-Cov-2’. Search results were further defined to include only ‘Interventional’ studies. Of these, only studies with sites located in the United States were selected and for which the ‘Condition’ included at least one of the following terms: ‘COVID’, ‘COVID-19’, ‘Coronavirus’, ‘SARS-Cov-2’, ‘SARS’, or ‘2019-nCoV'. Study sponsors were then categorized as: (1) commercial, (2) academic, or (3) other, based on ‘Sponsor’ information within each study listing. A Google search was conducted for any sponsor that was not easily categorized to obtain additional information to support the proper assessment of sponsor type. The types of sponsors were analyzed over time using the ‘First Posted’ date of each study listing. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: A total of 3662 studies were retrieved, of which 2075 were ‘Interventional’ studies. The studies were further reduced to 681 studies by including only United States sites and the desired ‘Condition’. The percentage of studies from this refined dataset, by sponsor type, were found to be 63% academic, 34% commercial, and 3% other. The relationship between time and sponsor type demonstrated that academic sponsors had the highest percentage of study postings in the first month (March) of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to commercial and other sponsors. Following this first month, academic study postings gradually declined, while commercial sponsors had an increase in postings per month into July, followed by a gradual decline. Few other sponsor type postings were made and occurred primarily in August. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: The number and timing of listings may be a reflection of study intention and regulatory pathway requirements. Additional variables, such as inconsistent terminology, collaborators, funding, and study start date may influence results. Further analysis may reveal how modification of listing information may result in expedited pandemic response.
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Wang, Xiaochuan, and Courtney Wilson. "Facility Characteristics and Quality Deficiencies of Florida Nursing Homes With COVID-19 Cases and Deaths." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3461.
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Abstract The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been disproportionately affecting nursing homes throughout the United States, resulting elevated risk for COVID-19 morbidity and mortality to nursing home residents. Given the high percentage of aging population, large number of nursing homes, and staggering surge of COVID-19 cases in Florida, it’s critical to understand factors that may affect Florida nursing homes’ vulnerability to the COVID-19 pandemic. Using Nursing Home COVID-19 Dataset as of July 26, 2020 obtained through Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), and Provider Info Dataset and Health Deficiencies Dataset available through CMS Nursing Home Compare data, we constructed a database of Florida nursing facilities with confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths, with corresponding facility characteristics and quality deficiencies. We examined the facility characteristics (e.g. facility size, ownership state, chain affiliation, staffing level) and quality deficiencies (e.g. infection control deficiencies) of Florida nursing homes with and without publicly reported COVID-19 cases and deaths. Results indicated that, as of July 26, 2020, 73.3% and 40.8% of Florida nursing homes had resident COVID-19 cases and death, respectively (N=701). Findings also suggested that Florida nursing homes of large facility size, chain affiliated, and for profit, were significantly more likely to have documented resident COVID-19 cases (p&lt;.05). Larger facility size (120 beds or more), staff shortage, and having prior infection control deficiency citation, were significantly related to the odds of having resident COVID-19 deaths (p&lt;.05). Policy and practice implications and future research directions will be addressed to better protect the at-risk nursing home residents.
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Bah, Tonjeh Mary Stella, Amber McKenna, Anu Paul, et al. "Use of a question prompt list (QPL) to facilitate communication between patients with metastatic cancer and their oncologists." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 27_suppl (2019): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.27_suppl.187.
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187 Background: Difficult conversations require an immense amount of patience. Yet on average doctors allow patients 11 seconds to speak before interrupting, which makes determining the patient’s agenda and goals of care incredibly difficult. Most patients expect their doctor to initiate prognosis and end of life care conversations. An inexpensive, effective way to increase these conversations is with a Question Prompt List (QPL). Our study examines QPL use with patients who are at least three months into treatment for metastatic cancer and includes a pre and post-visit interview to provide a within-group analysis of the QPL’s effect on their understanding of disease state, prognosis, and goals of treatment. Our patient population includes patients of lower socioeconomic background and a higher percentage of African Americans. Methods: 35 out of 155 eligible patients identified by chart review were enrolled in the study. They were interviewed about their diagnosis and prognosis before their oncologists visit. At the end of the interview, patients were given a QPL and encouraged to read it. Once the oncologists completed the visit, the researcher conducted a final interview about their disease state. Results: Before seeing their oncologist, 26 patients (74%) completely read the QPL. Most patients would recommend more physicians use this tool (77%). Of note, patients thought of new questions or concerns (51%), felt more comfortable asking questions (46%), and reported asking more questions compared to prior visits (34%). A staggering majority (68%) of patients reported never having a prognosis discussion prior to today’s visit. Previously, only 15 patients (43%) understood their treatment was palliative compared to 19 patients (54%) after this visit. Conclusions: The QPL was viewed as beneficial by most patients and increased question asking, prognosis conversations, and accuracy of goals of treatment knowledge. The QPL tool is inexpensive and requires minimal work by office staff to implement. We plan to expand our study and if results remain unchanged, we will look at studies to investigate a shortened QPL given at an initial consultation and used at subsequent visits.
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Tan, Menghan, Zongjun Gao, and Bing Jiang. "Comprehensive Assessment of Groundwater Hydrochemistry, Driving Forces, Water Quality, and Associated Health Hazards in the Wen River Basin, Northern China." Sustainability 16, no. 24 (2024): 10928. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162410928.
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Groundwater is essential for water resources, serving as a key drinking source in China. It supports daily needs for urban and rural residents, aids development, and maintains ecological balance. This study conducted a sampling survey of groundwater in the Wen River basin (WRB), assessing hydrochemical features, genesis mechanisms, water quality, and health risks. The findings reveal that groundwater in the WRB is weakly alkaline, with an average total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration of 755.24 mg/L. Freshwater constitutes approximately 81.48% of the groundwater, with the following order of concentration for cations: Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+, and for anions: HCO3− > SO42− > NO3− > Cl−. The predominant hydrochemical types are SO4·Cl-Ca·Mg and HCO3-Ca·Mg. The chemical composition of the groundwater is primarily influenced by silicate rock weathering, dissolution processes, cation exchange, and human activities. The average Environmental Water Quality Index (EWQI) value of 74.65 for the WRB signifies that the overall quality of the groundwater is quite good, indicating that the majority of the groundwater is suitable for drinking purposes. Notably, the inferior quality water is predominantly found downstream of the Wen River. Calculations of the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), and percentage of sodium (%Na) indicate that groundwater at most sampling points is suitable for irrigation. Furthermore, the human health risk assessment (HRA) reveals that oral intake presents a greater health risk to individuals than dermal contact. The mean Hazard Index (HI) for children is 3.24, with a staggering 79.89% of non-carcinogenic health risk (NHR) values surpassing the acceptable standards. For adults, the mean HI is 1.39, with 53.44% of NHR values exceeding the standards. These data indicate that children are more susceptible to health risks than adults and that the midstream and downstream of the river exhibit higher health risks compared to the upper reaches. These findings can provide critical data for groundwater quality assessment and risk management in the WRB and offer guidance for future groundwater resource management and pollution control efforts.
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Abdullah Fallatah, Rugiah, Tahani Mohammadali Bakhsh, Ahmad Yahya Saigh, et al. "PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AND RISK OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN KSA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 12 (2022): 546–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15872.
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Background:The emotional toll that diabetes has taken on people and the healthcare system globally in recent years is staggering. Therefore, the goals of this research were to (1) quantify the incidence of diabetic distress among Saudi individuals and (2) identify the psychosocial drivers of this distress (T2DM). Methods:A descriptive, correlational cross-sectional design was employed for this study. Since this study aims to assess relationship between psychological distress and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among general population at a single point of measurement, this is the most appropriate design. This enables the researcher to measure the effect and the outcome at a single point of time. This study design gives reliable results with short time and less effort. The study was conducted at (place). Participants were selected during the period from September to November 2022. Study instruments consists of three domains. First is sociodemographic characteristics of participants. Second is psychological distress assessment. Third is determination of the presence of type 2 diabetes. Results:Study included 774 participants from different ages and both genders. Among study participants, there were 443 males (57.2%) and 331 female participants (42.8%). The median age among study participants was 48 years. Among study participants, there were 72 participants had an existing type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (9.3%) in addition to 226 participants had a relative with T2DM diagnosis (29.2%). There were 22% of participants demonstrated having psychological distress (n= 170). The median random blood sugar among study participants was 177 mg/dl indicating high random blood sugar and high risk of getting type 2 DM. As the psychological distress was prevalent among 22% among study participants, there were a strong association between type 2 DM and psychological distress (r= 0.87, P<0.001). Female participants had higher percentage of psychological distress than male participants (P= 0.035). In addition, participants who had existing type 2 DM had more psychological distress than others (P= 0.004). Conclusion:Study results showed prevalence of T2DM consisting with current literature. There was strong association between T2DM and psychological distress especially among female participants.
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Manoj K. N., S. M. Ghawade, A. M. Sonkamble, S. O. Bawkar, and D. S. Phad. "Effect of Seed Priming Treatments on Germination, Growth and Yield of Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.)." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 36, no. 1 (2024): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i14324.
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Aim: To discern the most effective seed priming treatment among several priming treatments, which provide early and maximum germination, prosperous growth, and prodigious yield.
 Study Design: Nine treatments with one control treatment in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications.
 Place and Duration of Study: Chilli and Vegetable Research Unit, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (M.S), during the rabi season of 2022.
 Methodology: The ajwain seeds were primed with treatments comprised of, Gibberellic acid at 100 ppm and 200 ppm, Monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4) at 2% and 3%, moringa leaf extract at 5% and 7.5%, tulsi leaf extract at 5% and 7.5%, hydro-priming (soaking in water), control (without soaking), for 24 hours before sowing. After that, primed seeds shade-dried for 4-5 hours. Then, the seeds were sown in the field.
 Results: The outcomes unveiled fascinating insights. Notably, treating the seeds with 7.5% moringa leaf extract (T6) revealed remarkable results, exhibiting the swiftest germination at 11.67 days, a staggering initial plant stand of 99.38%, and an impressive germination percentage of 93.33%. Meanwhile, the utilization of 200 ppm GA3 led to a maximum plant height of 89.70 cm. Furthermore, the application of 7.5% moringa leaf extract (T6) observed the minimum days to 50% flowering at 92.98 days and days to harvesting at 156.17 days and boasting the maximum primary branches plant-1 at 11.55. Among the myriad treatments, the application of 7.5% moringa leaf extract (T6) emerged as a standout, showcasing unparalleled results with a maximum number of umbels and umbellets at 200.72 and 18.03, respectively. A prodigious yield of 10.49g plant-1, 2.67 kg plot-1 and 11.86q ha-1.
 Conclusion: These findings underscore the potency of specific seed priming treatments, particularly, the 7.5% moringa leaf extract (T6) and 200 ppm Gibberellic acid (T2), in fostering robust ajwain seed germination, growth, accelerated plant development, and prodigious yield.
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Dr., R. Shivasuvramaniyam M.D. Dr. Minakshi M.D. "Clinical & Biochemical Profile of Covid 19 Patients With and Without Co Morbidities." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis 05, no. 02 (2022): 391–98. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6155971.
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The pandemic outbreak of noval corona virus disease (covid19) was initially noticed in a seafood market in wuhan city in china in mid-December, 2019, has spreaded to 215 countries worldwide. 2020 january7th and was temporally named 2019 n- co.v Corona virus belongs to a large family of virus that causes illness ranging from the common cold to more severe disease, A noval corona virus is a new strain that has not been previously identified in humans on January 30th 2020 declared the noval corona virus outbreak of public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC). At that time there was 98 cases and no death in 18 countries outside china. The official name covid-19 and SARS –COV2 was issued by the WHO on 11th February 2020 Viruses are named based on their genetic structure to facilitate the development of diagnostic test, Vaccine and medium. Virologist and the wider scientific committee do this work, so virus is are named by the international committee on taxonomy of viruses. A recent review of the survival of human corona virus on surface found large variability ranging from 2 hours to 9 days. The survival time depends on number of factors, including the type of surface, temperature, relative humidity and specific strain of viruses. March 11th 2020, the rapid increase in the number of cases outside china. 118000 cases had been reported in 114 countries and 4291 deaths had been reported. Middle of the March 2020 corona out break could be characterized by “Pandemic” reporting over 40108 globally confirmed cases. As of 28th April 2020, 63% of global mortality from the virus. The impact of the dieses on the world has been staggering both from public health and economic perspective. We evaluated whether prior or active corona virus infection influenced hematological, Biochemical and Clinical parameters of the such patients. But active corona fever resulted in higher hospitalization rate. Our data support the nation that SARS- COV-2 and co morbidity weather affects an important percentage of covid 19 pateints and leads to worse parameters, requiring greater attention from health authorities.
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Gorre, Tejasvi. "Predictive Modeling of Process Parameters in WCO-Based Biodiesel Production Using Advanced Regression Techniques." Journal of Business Intelligence and Data Analytics 2, no. 2 (2025): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.55124/jbid.v2i2.247.
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Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil (WCO) presents a compelling opportunity to transform discarded oil into a renewable energy resource. Through the conversion of WCO into biodiesel, not only is waste effectively reduced, but a greener, more sustainable alternative to conventional fossil fuels is provided—furthering the shift towards environmentally conscious energy solutions. The importance of this research cannot be overstated. It plays a crucial role in advancing sustainable energy practices, especially by tapping into WCO as a viable and underutilized feedstock for biodiesel production. Consider the scale of global WCO generation: in Canada alone, 135,000 tons are produced annually, while in Asia, the figures soar to a staggering 5.5 million tons. The vast potential for converting this surplus waste into high-value biofuel not only promises substantial environmental benefits but also unlocks significant economic opportunities. The methodology leveraged three distinct machine learning models: Linear Regression (LR), Random Forest Regression (RFR), and Support Vector Regression (SVR). These models were rigorously trained and tested on experimental data derived from biodiesel production processes. The study delved into four critical parameters: Free Fatty Acid (FFA) content, fluctuating between 1.7% and 3.5%, moisture percentage ranging from 0.05% to 0.3%, viscosity measured at 35 to 43 cSt, and reaction time spanning 2 to 3.3 hours. The results were striking, underscoring the robust predictive power of all three models. SVR stood out, achieving the highest training accuracy (R² = 0.998), while RFR exhibited a remarkable ability to generalize well on unseen test data (R² = 0.989). The analysis uncovered compelling correlations: notably, a robust negative relationship between FFA content and biodiesel yield (-0.91), alongside a positive correlation between viscosity and yield (0.85). These findings underline the capacity of machine learning models to accurately predict biodiesel yields from waste cooking oil (WCO). Each model revealed unique strengths, yet even the simpler Linear Regression model, with an impressive R² of 0.979 on test data, pointed to a predominantly linear link between the process parameters and the final yield. Such insights provide invaluable guidance for refining industrial biodiesel production processes, championing the shift towards sustainable energy alternatives and addressing the pressing issues of waste management.
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Gadhiya, Dhruvkumar, Hiren Chhayani, Cleris Christian, et al. "Statewide Burden and Trends of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Attributable to Smoking in the United States of America from 1990-2019: A Benchmarking and Comparative Analysis." Blood 142, Supplement 1 (2023): 2859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-190529.
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Background: Smoking has long been associated with an increased risk of various cancers, and it plays a significant role in deaths related to Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), accounting for 1.69% of all cancer-related deaths in the United States of America (USA). Additionally, among all other risk factors contributing to AML development, smoking is responsible for a staggering 77.2% of AML-related deaths. However, there is a large statewide variation within the USA concerning AML burden. Comparable and consistent state-level measures of total AML burden have not been produced previously. Method: Using the Global Burden of Disease methodology “AML attributable to smoking” mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were analyzed by age group, sex and year from 1990-2019 for all residents in the USA using standardized approaches for data processing and statistical modeling. Results were produced in total number and age-standardized rate. The findings were reported both in absolute numbers and age- standardized rates. Results: The total number of deaths attributed to AML due to smoking showed an increase from 2,230 (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 1,159-3,275) in 1990 to 3,918 (95% UI: 1,833- 6,003) in 2019. Similarly, the DALYs (Disability-Adjusted Life Years) associated with AML increased from 52,843 (95% UI: 30,918-75,041) in 1990 to 81,356 (95% UI: 43,328-121,964) in 2019. However, the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) remained relatively stable, with no major difference observed (0.7 deaths per 100,000 95% UI: 0.38-1.02) in 1990 compared to 0.7 (95% UI: 0.35-1.05) in 2019. In contrast the age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDALR) decreased from 17.51 to 15.3 per 100,000 from 1990 to 2019. Regarding the highest annual percentage of change (APC) in total number of deaths due to AML, Nevada observed the greatest increase at 275% followed by Alaska at 236% and Arizona at 179% from 1990 to 2019. In contrast, the District of Columbia was the only state that showed a decrease in APC for total deaths with a decline of 6%. Analyzing ASMR, Indiana, and West Virginia observed the highest APC at 28% each, followed by Kentucky at 23%. Conversely, California experienced the highest decrease in ASMR APC, showing a decline of 30% from 1990 to 2019. Regarding age groups, the 95+ age group observed the highest APC increase in ASMR and ASDALR at 363% and 356%, respectively, followed by the 90-94 age group, which had an ASMR APC increase of 307% and ASDALR APC increase of 305%. Moreover, males exhibited a higher APC increase in the total number of deaths compared to females, with percentages of 85% and 62%, respectively, from 1990 to 2019. Conclusion: Large disparities in the total burden of AML attributable to smoking persist between US states despite marked improvements in management. Our findings show that a substantial proportion of AML cases in the United States are attributed to smoking, making it a modifiable risk factor for this aggressive hematologic malignancy. Healthcare professionals and policymakers should utilize this evidence to reinforce anti-smoking initiatives and raise public awareness about the link between smoking and AML.
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Stell, Lance K. "The Production of Criminal Violence in America: Is Strict Gun Control the Solution?" Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 32, no. 1 (2004): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2004.tb00447.x.
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“Strict gun control”(SCG) has no clear meaning,so it is necessary to clarify it.I define SGC as an array of legally sanctioned restrictions designed to impose firearm scarcity on the general population. SGC’s public policy goal, gun scarcity, commonly rests on the predicates that “dangerous criminal control” is not the central problem for reducing the problem of criminal gun violence but rather that it is the social prevalence of the distinctively-lethal instruments (guns) by which both supposedly “good citizens” as well as violent criminals inflict a staggeringly high percentage of injury and death.Professor Zimring (who also has an essay published in this issue) is one SGC’s most distinguished, prolific and comprehensive theorists. He has advocated for handgun scarcity among the general population since at least 1969.
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Arnold, Amanda, Ryan Zarzycki, and Mathew Failla. "DOES GEOGRAPHICAL REGION IMPACT PARENTS’ PERCEPTIONS TOWARDS YOUTH SPORT SPECIALIZATION?" Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 7_suppl3 (2021): 2325967121S0009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121s00096.
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Background: Two billion U.S. healthcare dollars are spent on youth sports injuries each year. This staggering figure is projected to increase as athletes are sustaining more sport-related injuries and are specializing in a single sport at younger ages than ever before. Sport specialization is a modifiable injury risk factor unique to youth athlete populations. Parents are a group of key stakeholders whose knowledge and beliefs likely impact youth sport participation, however a paucity of research exists in this area. Purpose: To assess the differences in perceptions of parents on youth sport participation and specialization based on geographical region. Methods: Parents of children, ages 8-18 years, who participate in organized sports were surveyed for this study. Electronic surveys with a total of 40 questions were circulated via team/organization mailing lists and social media. Geographic regions were described as either South or North based on divisions from the U.S. Census Bureau. Sport specialization was defined as an athlete meeting >2 of the following 3 criteria: participates in one sport to the exclusion of other sports, participates in sport-specific lessons, participates on >2 teams in a single sport. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analyses were used to compare perceptions of parents with specialized and non-specialized athletes across different geographical regions. Results: Three-hundred and seventy-one responses were collected (South=204, North=167). Parents from the South reported a higher number of specialized athletes as compared to parents from the North (54% vs 38%; P=0.003). Regardless of geographical region, most parents did not think specialization had a positive impact on a youth athlete’s development ( P=0.307) or their future in that sport ( P=0.086) (Figures 1 & 2). Parents from the South did select ‘Potential to earn a college scholarship’ as a motivator for youth sport specialization more often when compared to parents from the North (30% vs 17%; P=0.002). Conclusion: Regional differences exist in the percentage of specialized youth athletes participating in organized sport. Parental knowledge of the risks and benefits of youth sport specialization does not appear to drive these observed differences. Earning a college scholarship was selected more frequently as a reason for specialization in the South, indicating that societal or socioeconomic factors may be present. Further research is needed to determine the underlying factors driving youth sport specialization in the U.S. Figures: [Figure: see text][Figure: see text] References: Bell DR PE, Trigsted SM, Hetzel S, McGuine TA and Brooks MA. Prevalence of Sport Specialization in High School Athletics: A 1-Year Observational Study. Am J Sports Med. 2016;44(6):1469-1474. Bell DR, Post EG, Trigsted SM, Schaefer DA, McGuine TA, Brooks MA. Parents’ Awareness and Perceptions of Sport Specialization and Injury Prevention Recommendations. Clin J Sport Med. 2018. Brooks MA, Post EG, Trigsted SM, et al. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs of Youth Club Athletes Toward Sport Specialization and Sport Participation. Orthop J Sports Med. 2018;6(5). Gregory S. How Kids’ Sports became a $15 Billion Industry. TIME. 2017;190(9). Jayanthi NA, LaBella CR, Fischer D, Pasulka J, Dugas LR. Sports-specialized intensive training and the risk of injury in young athletes: a clinical case-control study. Am J Sports Med. 2015;43(4):794-801. LaPrade RF, Agel J, Baker J, et al. AOSSM Early Sport Specialization Consensus Statement. Orthop J Sports Med. 2016;4(4). Malina RM. Early sport specialization: roots, effectiveness, risks. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2010;9(6):364-371. McGuine TA, Post EG, Hetzel SJ, Brooks MA, Trigsted S, Bell DR. A Prospective Study on the Effect of Sport Specialization on Lower Extremity Injury Rates in High School Athletes. Am J Sports Med. 2017;45(12): 2706-2712. Myer GD, Jayanthi N, Difiori JP, et al. Sport Specialization, Part I: Does Early Sports Specialization Increase Negative Outcomes and Reduce the Opportunity for Success in Young Athletes? Sports Health.2015;7(5):437-442. Pasulka J, Jayanthi N, McCann A, Dugas LR, LaBella C. Specialization patterns across various youth sports and relationship to injury risk. Phys Sportsmed. 2017;45(3):344-352. Post EG, Trigsted SM, Riekena JW, et al. The Association of Sport Specialization and Training Volume With Injury History in Youth Athletes. Am J Sports Med. 2017;45(6):1405-1412. U.S. Census Bureau. Census Bureau Regions and Divisions with State FIPS Codes. https://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/maps-data/maps/reference/us_regdiv.pdf . Accessed June 26, 2020.
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ANTHONY, UNYIME ABASIDO, TIJJANI IDRIS, PHD ISMA’IL, TIJJANI IDRIS, PHD ISMA’IL, and MUAZU SAIDU BADARA. "IMPACT OF OIL AND TAX REVENUE ON CAPITAL BUDGET EXPENDITURE IN NIGERIA." GUSAU JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES 4, no. 1 (2023): 211–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.57233/gujeds.v4i1.14.
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Capital Budget Expenditure is vital to the economic, business and social welfare of any country, especially for the fact that its importance spans across all works of life and has great impact on business proceedings. Over the years, Nigeria has recorded low implementation of capital budgets and is yet to move above 75 percent implementation within a fiscal year since the inception of her democracy (1999); with expenditure percentages staggering between 6 percent to 65 percent between 2010 to 2016. This study examined the impact of government revenue on capital budget expenditure in Nigeria between 2009 First Quarter – 2017 Fourth Quarter. The study highlighted the importance of the various revenue components, thereby testing the efficacy of wagner’s theory in Nigeria. The dependent variable is capital budget expenditure, while the independent variables are oil revenue and company income tax, alongside two control variables: exchange rate and gross domestic product. The study made use of time series data; and the variables being a combination of I(0) and I(1) were subjected to ARDL model estimation in the short and long run. The Wald test showed that a long run relationship exists between government revenue and capital budget expenditure. The ECT was highly significant, with a very high adjustment speed to equilibrium after every quarter, thus concluding that government revenue influences government expenditure, recommending that all available frontiers of revenue including other forms of oil and non-oil tax should be given necessary attention.
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Adamu, Razak, Richmond Sorkpor, Regina Darko, Seibu Munkaila, and George Kpor. "Physical Activity Practices for Lifelong Well-being Among Senior High School Teachers." International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education 10, no. 2 (2025): 70–76. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsspe.20251002.15.
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Integration of physical activity into daily life is crucial for overall well-being, with workplaces, transportation, home environments, and recreational pursuits serving as key domains. The assessment of physical activity practices for lifelong living has garnered considerable attention across the globe, however, limited studies have examined teachers’ PA practices for lifelong living especially those at the senior high school level. This study, therefore employed a descriptive survey strategy to investigate senior high school teachers’ physical activity practices for lifelong living. A multistage sampling technique was used to sample 278 participants who responded to a questionnaire. The quantitative data obtained was analysed using descriptive statistics (such as frequency and percentages) and an independent sample t-test. The findings of the study revealed, teachers that 65.5% of teachers possess a low level of knowledge regarding physical activity practices for lifelong living. Additionally, the study revealed that a staggering 73.7% of the teachers fell into the category of having a low level of physical activity. Subsequently, the study showed female teachers exhibit a relatively higher level of involvement in physical activities compared to their male counterparts with the statistically significant distinction between male and female, favouring the latter t (236.452) = -2.304, p &lt; .05. The study recommended that health awareness education should be prioritised as a crucial strategy to increase teachers&apos; participation in physical activity. Furthermore, fostering community and social support was identified as vital for encouraging and positively impacting teachers&apos; engagement in physical activity.
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Peter Tawor Etta, Louis Friday Agbor, and Mary Eta Ekpo. "Sexual Harassment on Campus: A Case Study of Federal College of Education, Obudu, Cross River State, Nigeria." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 22, no. 3 (2024): 2121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.22.3.1859.
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Sexual harassment is a serious issue plaguing Nigerian Institutions, particularly in the tertiary institutions such as the Polytechnics, Colleges of Education, Universities, etc. Studies suggest a staggering prevalence, with up to 70% of female graduates reporting experiences of harassment. This paper examines sexual harassment on campuses with particular interest in the Federal College of Education, Obudu, in Cross River State, Nigeria. The study seek inter alia; to obtain baseline data on the forms and prevalence of campus-based sexual harassment in Federal College of Education (FCE), Obudu Campus and to ascertain the level of awareness and knowledge of sexual harassment among undergraduates in the College as it relates to campus-based sexual harassment. Literature review was carried out covering the concept of sexual harassment in Institutions of learning and its consequences. The study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive survey design and a total of 1408 students participated in the Campus Climate Survey on sexual harassment drawn from 8 Departments in the Campus. Data collected with the use of a well-structured Campus Climate Survey questionnaire were subjected to analysis using means and simple percentages descriptive statistics. The findings confirmed the existence of sexual harassment in FCE Obudu campus, though reported not to be on a rampant scale. Also, the behavior elements that indicate features of a hostile-environment harassment were reported with most likely occurrence on the campus. The policy implications of the findings were highlighted and recommendations were made towards the prevention of Sexual Harassment and victimization on the College Campus.
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Barman, Priyanka, Vijayalaxmi K.G., Roopa B. Patil, and Surendra H.S. "Nutritional Status of Adolescents in the Kamrup-metropolitan District of Assam, India: A Comparative Study between Rural and Urban." European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety 16, no. 6 (2024): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i61441.
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Adolescents serve as the foundational resources and future citizens of the nation. India boasts the highest number of adolescents globally, with a staggering count of 253 million individuals falling between the age range of 10 to 19 years, while Assam is ranked thirteenth among the many states and Union territories in India, with a total adolescent population of 65,60,308. During the stage of adolescence, there is a notable surge in growth. With this background, the present study was carried out to study and compare the nutritional status of rural and urban adolescents of the Kamrup-metropolitan district of Assam. Based on the purposive sampling technique, a totalof 200 adolescents were selected. A standardised pre-tested questionnaire was developed to collect information on somatic status and dietary intake. Findings revealed that the majority ofindividuals in both Urban and Rural areas have a BMI of less than 18.5, but the prevalence wasslightly higher in the rural group (56.0%) compared to the Urban group (53.0%). Urban respondents (25.4 cm, 11.28 mm) had a slightly higher mean MUAC and TSF than rural respondents (23.7 cm, 11.19mm). There is a notable difference in the amount of nutrients consumed by adolescents compared to the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Energy intake is below the recommended levels, with adequacy percentages varying from 78.6% to82.4%, indicating a critical area of concern. Conversely, Visible fat intake is above RDA, ranging from 110.8% to 118.2%, highlighting potential overconsumption in this category. Adolescents were observed to have deficiencies in vitamins A, C, and folic acid compared to the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA).
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Peter, Tawor Etta, Friday Agbor Louis, and Eta Ekpo Mary. "Sexual Harassment on Campus: A Case Study of Federal College of Education, Obudu, Cross River State, Nigeria." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 22, no. 3 (2024): 2121–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14772085.
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Sexual harassment is a serious issue plaguing Nigerian Institutions, particularly in the tertiary institutions such as the Polytechnics, Colleges of Education, Universities, etc. Studies suggest a staggering prevalence, with up to 70% of female graduates reporting experiences of harassment. This paper examines sexual harassment on campuses with particular interest in the Federal College of Education, Obudu, in Cross River State, Nigeria. The study seek inter alia; to obtain baseline data on the forms and prevalence of campus-based sexual harassment in Federal College of Education (FCE), Obudu Campus and to ascertain the level of awareness and knowledge of sexual harassment among undergraduates in the College as it relates to campus-based sexual harassment. Literature review was carried out covering the concept of sexual harassment in Institutions of learning and its consequences. The study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive survey design and a total of 1408 students participated in the Campus Climate Survey on sexual harassment drawn from 8 Departments in the Campus. Data collected with the use of a well-structured Campus Climate Survey questionnaire were subjected to analysis using means and simple percentages descriptive statistics. The findings confirmed the existence of sexual harassment in FCE Obudu campus, though reported not to be on a rampant scale. Also, the behavior elements that indicate features of a hostile-environment harassment were reported with most likely occurrence on the campus. The policy implications of the findings were highlighted and recommendations were made towards the prevention of Sexual Harassment and victimization on the College Campus.
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Adamaagashi, Izuchukwu, P. "The Impact of the Fight Against Corruption on Nigeria's Economy: A Case Study of the Economic and Financial Crime Commission." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 9, no. 8 (2024): 153–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.56201/ijssmr.v9.no8.2023.pg153.181.
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Corruption in Nigeria has long hindered economic development and raised concerns about resource misallocation, reduced foreign direct investment, and eroded public confidence in institutions. Established in 2003, the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) was tasked with combating economic and financial offenses, including corruption. This study aimed to assess the impact of anti-corruption efforts, particularly the role of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), on Nigeria's economy. A survey research design was employed, with data collected through 109 structured questionnaires administered to personnel from various units of the EFCC at the Enugu state branch. Out of the questionnaires distributed, 100 were properly filled out and returned for analysis. Respondents were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The collected data were processed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0. Descriptive statistical tools, such as simple percentages presented in tables and charts, were used to analyze and interpret the questionnaire data. The study revealed several key findings. Firstly, it emphasized the importance of the fight against corruption in Nigeria. Secondly, it highlighted the positive impact of anti-corruption efforts on the country's economy. Thirdly, it found that the EFCC has been making progress in combating corruption. Lastly, it confirmed that corruption hinders Nigeria's economic development. In conclusion, this study casts a glaring spotlight on the corrosive impact of corruption on Nigeria's economy, translating to staggering losses exceeding $100 billion in GDP. Consequently, the research emphasized the necessity of intensifying anti-corruption efforts. It proposed recommendations to address this issue, including the strengthening of anti-corruption agencies, the improvement of legal frameworks, and the promotion of economic growth as crucial steps towards achieving sustainable
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Gao, Yijia, Yuanyan Ma, Yaxin Li, et al. "Prevalence and correlates of mental disorders among Chinese overseas students during the COVID-19: A multi-regional cross-sectional analysis." PLOS ONE 19, no. 5 (2024): e0303283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303283.
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Background The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic extends beyond physical health, significantly affecting mental health. Chinese overseas students are particularly susceptible to the adverse psychological effects of the pandemic. Understanding the prevalence and correlates of mental disorders in this population is essential for developing targeted interventions and support systems. Methods Employing a snowball sampling technique, this study recruited Chinese overseas students from diverse regions. The 50-item Self-evaluation Table was utilized to assess the presence of mental disorders. Descriptive statistics, including percentages, 95% confidence intervals, means, and standard deviations, characterized the survey population. The chi-square test identified disparities among categorical variables, while logistic regression explored risk factors for mental disorders among Chinese overseas students. Results Out of the total sample size of 10,864 Chinese overseas students, a staggering 7,090 (65.4%) met the diagnostic criteria for mental disorders. Furthermore, the degree of mental disorder varied significantly across different regions (p < 0.001), education levels (p < 0.05), the duration of anti-epidemic measures (p < 0.05), and age (p < 0.05), while no significant differences were observed in terms of gender (p > 0.05). Several risk factors contributing to the mental disorder burden among Chinese overseas students during the pandemic were identified, including the seriousness of the epidemic in their residential area, the apprehension of getting infected, anxieties regarding academic performance, the infection control policies implemented by the host government, preventive measures taken locally to counter the epidemic, and challenges encountered in returning to their home country. Conclusion Given the significant challenges in mental health faced by Chinese overseas students during the COVID-19 crisis, addressing their specific needs and implementing tailored measures is imperative. Future public health emergencies should consider the potential mental disorders and disease risks faced by Chinese overseas students. By providing comprehensive support and targeted interventions, policymakers, educational institutions, and healthcare providers can help mitigate the adverse psychological effects and promote the well-being of this vulnerable population.
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Muki, Sultan Khamis, Nsubuga Haroonah, and Issa Moh’d Hemed. "Staff Capacity and Management of Diabetic Patients at Mnazi Mmoja Hospital in the Urban District of Unguja, Zanzibar." Asian Journal of Medicine and Health 21, no. 12 (2023): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i12962.
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Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) stand as a formidable global public health challenge, casting a shadow over populations and contributing significantly to global mortality rates. Among the primary culprits in this health crisis are cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, and cancer. This study zeroes in on a critical facet of this challenge - the staff capacity and management of diabetic patients at Mnazi Mmoja Hospital in the Urban District of Unguja, Zanzibar. The urgency of this research is accentuated by the staggering statistic that approximately 415 million people worldwide are grappling with diabetes, catapulting it into the forefront of global health emergencies in the twenty-first century. In response to this pressing need, 205 questionnaires were distributed among diabetes health workers at Mnazi Mmoja Hospital, creating a comprehensive foundation for analysis. Employing statistical techniques with SPSS version 26, the study sought to unravel the intricate landscape of staff knowledge and the challenges faced in managing diabetic patients.
 The findings of the study paint a nuanced picture, revealing that 38.6% of the staff possessed specialized knowledge in managing diabetic patients, while 61.4% had general knowledge. Alarmingly, only 36.3% of diabetic health workers were available for the management of diabetic patients. The study sheds light on the multifaceted challenges faced by the staff, with issues related to equipment, drugs, support from relatives, psychotherapy treatment, and drug adherence and compliance all surfacing as significant concerns, reported by varying percentages. In the face of these challenges, the study underscores a compelling message: the critical importance of hospital management in recruiting staff with expertise in diabetic treatment and care. This strategic hiring approach is seen as a linchpin for ensuring the efficient and effective management of diabetic patients. Moreover, the study advocates for ensuring the availability of adequate equipment, medical supplies, and materials essential for investigating diabetes and its complications, such as diabetic foot, renal failure, and cardiovascular diseases. This comprehensive approach is deemed crucial for providing holistic care to patients grappling with the complexities of diabetes.
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Colvonen, P. J., G. Lizbeth, and K. Sarmiento. "0651 Longitudinal Effects of CPAP Adherence on Changes in PTSD Symptoms and Subscales: The Importance of Hyperarousal on Adherence and Outcomes." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (2020): A248—A249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.647.
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Abstract Introduction Comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is staggeringly high, with rates of 75.7% when using criteria of apnea/hyponea index (AHI) &gt; 5. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy can decrease PTSD symptoms, however, no study has used advanced mixed-modeling to examine which cluster of PTSD CPAP therapy effects. Methods Participants were 59 veterans with PTSD and undiagnosed OSA. Apnea/Hypopnea index (AHI) was scored according to AASM criteria. Auto-titration CPAP devices were prescribed with pressures empirically selected by the sleep physician based on BMI, overall AHI, and dominant event type; maximum pressures was set at 20cm H2O. Analyses used hierarchical linear modeling to examine changes in PTSD symptoms clusters as a function of CPAP use over 6-months. Measures include PTSD checklist (PCL) and clusters (reexperiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal), percentage of nights CPAP used, weight, and BMI. Results Baseline scores were high: PCL (M=60.02; SD=15.03) and AHI (M=28.18 per hour; SD=20.35). Average number of nights CPAP use in the last 6-months was 59.3%, with 3.5 hours each night with clear adherent and non-adherent groups emerging. The adherent group showed a 15-point drop in PCL scores and the non-adherent group had a 3-point drop. More days of CPAP use in the last 6-months predicted larger decreases in hyperarousal (d=0.56) and re-experiencing (d=0.47) clusters, but not avoidance. The intercept was significant in the hyperarousal analyses suggesting individuals with higher hyperarousal at baseline had less CPAP adherence. Conclusion The need for PTSD clinicians to screen and refer for OSA is necessary, but may not be sufficient, in treating PTSD. Change in hyperarousal symptoms accounted for most of the effects from CPAP use. Higher hyperarousal symptoms at baseline predict lower CPAP adherence, suggesting a higher clinical need to address these individuals as they will get the most positive effects from CPAP. Support This work is supported by a VA RR&D CDA (1lK2Rx002120-01) to Peter Colvonen.
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Kumar, Dheeraj, Apurba Layek, Amit Kumar, and Rakesh Kumar. "Experimental study for the enhancement of thermal efficiency and development of Nusselt number correlation for the roughened collector of solar air heater." Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications, October 27, 2023, 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4063915.
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Abstract The solar air heater's thermal efficiency is relatively poor owing to the flat collector surface. This article's primary objective is to increase the collectors' thermal efficiency of rectangular ducts of solar air heater by adopting a novel V-shaped twisted rib element with staggering orientation. Experimentations are performed for various flow Reynolds numbers ranging from 3k-21k, roughness pitch-to-rib height ratio ranging from 7-11, and staggering distance to rib height ratio between 2-6. Dispersion of Nusselt number over the collector surface is achieved through liquid crystal thermography technique. Among the varied rib and flow constraints, it is observed that a maximum thermal performance enhancement index of 2.69 is observed, with the optimum value of the roughness parameter at a rib pitch-to-height ratio of 9 and a staggering distance-to-height ratio of 4. Mathematical correlation has also been developed using a regression model to estimate the Nusselt number in terms of non-dimensional roughness parameters. The percentage deviation between the Nusselt number attained from established relationships and the investigational results are found to be giving very satisfactory outcomes. The thermal efficiency of the smooth surface is recognized at 42.64% which increases for the roughened surface of twisted V-ribs to 73.63%. Hence employing twisted V-ribs as an artificial roughness element no doubt increases the Nusselt number, thermohydraulic performance enhancement index, and thermal efficiency, but it also exerts less frictional power of solar air heater.
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Goodman, Roger, and S. Harper. "Japan in the New Global Demography: Comparative Perspectives." Asia-Pacific Journal 5, no. 7 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1017/s1557466007021456.
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The Asian/Pacific region, currently home to six hundred million older people, is the most rapidly ageing world region, with twenty percent of its projected population over sixty by 2050, which will at that date account for two-thirds of the world's two billion elders. Indeed, UN projections predict that by 2040 there will be more individuals aged over sixty than under fifteen in the region and Asia will have followed Europe in becoming the world's second so-called ‘mature’ region. Key here is the speed at which this transition is occurring. While it took the EU 15 (the 15 member states of the European Union prior to enlargement) some 120 years to go from being a young to mature population (with maturity being achieved in 2000), such a shift in the proportion of young and old will have occurred in Asia in less than 25 years. While the predicated increase in the percentage by 2025 of people over sixty for the EU 15 is around 33%, it is a staggering 400% for Indonesia, 350% for Thailand, and up to 250% for India and China. It is this rapidity of demographic ageing which will be central to the policy changes needed within the region.
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Kemp, C., S. Olckers, and O. Van der Wath. "Nutrition and motor development during early childhood: StartWell GROW – transforming childhood nutrition for a brighter future." Journal of Consumer Sciences, November 3, 2024. https://doi.org/10.4314/jfecs.v1i1.271354.
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In South Africa, 1.6 million children under 6 years old are enrolled to attend Early Learning Programmes. A staggering 65% of children attending an Early Childhood (ECD) centre in South Africa fail to thrive by the age of five. These shortcomings place a high percentage of school beginners at risk for developmental problems associated with inadequate motor skills. Motor development has been reported as a crucial part of a learner’s overall development and is interweaved into many different facets of the growing child. The growth and development of young learners can be influenced by many factors, with nutrition and the surrounding environment being highlighted as major contributing factors. The StartWell GROW cereal, is a groundbreaking nutrient-rich ready-to-eat meal, poised to revolutionize childhood nutrition in learning environments in South Africa. This innovative cereal, boasting a unique blend of multi-wholegrains, multi-legumes, dairy, and essential vitamins and minerals, is set to become a game-changer in the quest to nourish underprivileged children and provide them with the fuel they need to thrive. The aim of this review article will provide a foundation for the upcoming quantitative research study which will determine the effects of the StartWell GROW nutrient-rich-ready-to-eat meal on the fundamental movement skills, visual-motor integration, and body composition of children in ECD centres.
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Rahman, Md Habibur, Md Saidur Rahman, Mehedi Hasan, and Nazifa Zahin. "Assessing the Potential for fisheries-based Agribusiness Farms in Bangladesh: An Empirical Study." International Journal of Advances in Social Sciences, September 30, 2024, 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52711/2454-2679.2024.00023.
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In Bangladesh, a nation enriched with vast inland aquatic ecosystems and adjacency to the Bay of Bengal, there is a prominent legacy of fisheries resources. This research aims to assess the current status, challenges, and future potential of fisheries-based agribusiness farms within the country. Using a purposive sampling technique, cross-sectional data were gathered from a cohort of 60 individuals. The data were presented through frequency distribution matrices and further complemented by the application of descriptive statistical methods. Analytical findings indicated that approximately 48.3% of stakeholders in the fisheries-centric agribusiness domain encountered financial challenges during the inception of their ventures. Concurrently, 20% of these stakeholders expressed a lack of foundational knowledge essential for a smooth business initiation. A significant portion of respondents (51.7%) identified inexperience as the main barrier to exporting fish products to international markets. Price volatility was a pronounced concern for 25% of respondents. Moreover, a staggering percentage of participants (90%) highlighted the inadequacy of existing educational structures in fostering entrepreneurial skills in Bangladesh. Other challenges included revenue losses due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a limited adoption of advanced technologies, a shortage of high-quality fish products, and potentially detrimental regulatory frameworks. It is essential for policymakers to consider strategies that integrate cutting-edge technologies, enact supportive regulations, stabilize prices, enhance access to financial instruments like loans, and establish modern educational institutions to address these challenges. This study also points to potential research areas that can further enrich our understanding and expand the theoretical framework of the fisheries-centric agribusiness sector.
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Kawabuchi, Koichi, and Keiko Kajitani. "The Reality of Cost Sharing in Japan." International Journal of Health Planning and Management, November 8, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hpm.3726.
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AbstractFinancial pressure on younger generation is mounting in Japan, a super‐ageing society with staggering economy. The revision on the co‐insurance rate for 70–74 with “Standard” category was implemented to mitigate such pressure, seeking better balance across generations in sharing the burden of healthcare cost. It raised the rate from 10% to 20% over the period of five years from 2014 to 2018. This report examined how it changed the share of cost sharing (cost sharing as percentage to total healthcare expenditure), among the 70–74 with “Standard” category in Citizens Health Insurance programme in 44 prefectures. It specifically focused on change in the population's actual share of cost sharing (ASCS) that better reflect the genuine amount of payment actually made by the patients themselves. The average ASCS increased from 7.28% (2013) to 10.78% (2019), resulting wider gap from the statutory planned share of cost sharing (i.e., the statutory co‐insurance rate of 10% in 2013, and 20% in 2019). Also found was increased variance among prefectural ASCS, which may suggest a possibility of un‐designed effect by the revision, of encouraging a move towards ability and willingness to pay. In terms of cost containment effect, Japan needs to consider various non‐conventional options, including review of the current use of healthcare resources. First and foremost, however, the true state of cost sharing should be recognized in terms of ASCS and shared more widely as a reality. Such effort is essential in discussion of how to keep embracing the country's life line, UHC.
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Mounya, K. Sumana. "OPTIMIZATION OF ULTRASOUND‐ASSISTED PECTIN RECOVERY FROM COCOA BY‐PRODUCTS USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, March 29, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.13498.
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AbstractPurposeThis research aims to address the significant challenges associated with agricultural wastage and cocoa waste disposal within the context of global food wastage concerns. The research acknowledges the staggering magnitude of global food wastage, estimated at 1.6 gigatonnes of primary product equivalents, with 1.3 gigatonnes attributed specifically to the edible part of food. Focusing on cocoa waste, which constitutes around 80% of total cocoa production, management poses a considerable environmental challenge, with over 60% of this waste either burned or left to rot in plantations.MethodUltrasound‐assisted extraction of pectin from Cocoa Pulp Mucilage (CPM), Cocoa Pod Husk (CPH), and Cocoa Bean Shell (CBS) was achieved by the Central Composite Design (CCD) using response surface methodology (RSM).ResultsUltrasound‐assisted extraction considers independent factors such as temperature, sonication time, pH, solid‐liquid ratio, and ultrasonic power intensity. Under optimum conditions (sonication time of 20 mins, pH of 2.5, the solid‐solvent ratio of 1:40 g/mL, ultrasonic power intensity of 64 W/cm2), the research achieves the highest yield, anhydrouronic acid content, and degree of esterification. The composition and characterization of pectin extracted from CPH, CBS and CPM showed that the pectin had an anhydrouronic acid percentage of 68.59±0.2%, 50.7±0.5% and 43.97±0.17% respectively when extracted with citric acid.ConclusionThe research underscores the potential to reduce the environmental impact of cocoa waste, offering improved pectin extraction and sustainable methods for handling agricultural by‐products. This work holds significance for individuals interested in waste reduction and resource efficiency within the broader agricultural industry, showcasing the potential for practical and sustainable solutions in cocoa waste management.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Kalaiselvan, N., and Thangavel Mathimani. "Design and fabrication of box-type passive solar dryer (BTPSD) with thermal insulation material for valorizing biomass and neutral lipids of marine Chlorella vulgaris for biodiesel application." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09665-0.
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AbstractThe staggering rate of population growth has augmented the reliance on fossil fuel utilization, and it kindled the society to explore alternative and sustainable sources of energy. In this regard, biodiesel from microalgae came to the limelight; but crucial energy-consuming and expensive processes like cultivation, harvesting, and drying make the microalgal biodiesel unsustainable and economically unfeasible. To surpass these impediments, in this research work, a low-cost box-type passive solar dryer (BTPSD) is designed and fabricated with zero energy consumption mode and compared with conventional hot air oven for drying the biomass, neutral lipids of the marine microalga Chlorella vulgaris for biodiesel application. The onset of the work, BTPSD with 2 cm thickness of glass wool as TIM (thermal insulation material), 4 cm TIM thickness and no TIM was simulated for thermal storage behaviour using ANSYS FLUENT 19.2 Computational Fluid Dynamics tool and based on the results, 4 cm TIM thickness was chosen for experimentation. The time taken by BTPSD and hot air oven to remove the moisture from algal biomass is 3 and 2 h, respectively, whereas for neutral lipids drying, it was 4 and 3.5 h, respectively. Though there is a little difference in drying time, neutral lipid and FAME content from both drying systems are tantamount, i.e., ~ 12% neutral lipid and 95% FAME. Further, the percentage of vital fatty acids identified from BTPSD and hot air oven methods are almost similar, i.e., C16:0 (23.4%), C18:1 (14.3%), C18:3 (11.42%), C18:1 (9.22%). Though the time taken for valorizing biomass and neutral lipids of C. vulgaris by BTPSD is slightly longer than hot air oven, low energy consumption and cost-effectiveness make the BTPSD a promising system to scale down the microalgal biodiesel production cost significantly.
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Qin, Ling, Ruichao Lu, Rugang Wang, et al. "373. An open-label 24-week randomised multicentered clinical trial of Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide compared to Tenofivir/Lamifuvine/Efavirenz as an initial regimen in Chinese late presenters with HIV-1 infection." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 10, Supplement_2 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofad500.443.
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Abstract Background Despite tremendous efforts, late presenters (CD4 ≤ 350 cells/μl) still account for a staggering proportion of HIV patients at the time of diagnosis. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the viral-immunological efficacy of bictegravir/emtricitabine/ tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) in treatment-naïve, late presenters in Chinese patients with HIV-1 infection, comparing with national free tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/lamivudine/efavirenz/(TDF/3TC/EFV). Methods We conducted an open-label, randomized controlled trial at six HIV care centers in China, starting recruitment from June 2021 to December 2022. All treatment-naïve late presenters were randomised to receive TDF/3TC/EFV (group A) or BIC/FTC/TAF (group B). Serum HIV loads and CD4 cell counts were measured at baseline, 4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. The proportion of HIV-RNA &lt; 50 copies/ml at 12 weeks was considered the primary endpoint and changes in viral loads and CD4 cell counts at other time points were secondary outcomes in PP and ITT analysis. Results We enrolled 200 late presenters, randomizing to group A (n=99) and group B (n=101). As of April 2023, 178/200 (89%) and 156/200 (78%) of randomized individuals completed 12 weeks and 24 weeks of follow-up. The study groups (n=200) were similar at baseline with a mean age of 43.0±13.8 years, 83.5% men, HBV co-infection percentage of 4%, HCV co-infection percentage of 2.5%, HIV viral load of mean 4.7±0.7 log copies/ml and CD4 cell counts of mean 109±74 cells/μl (Table 1). PP analysis showed 67.9% (57/84) of patients in group B had achieved viral suppression (&lt; 50 copies/mL) at 12 weeks in comparison to 48.1 % (37/77) of that in group A (p&lt; 0.01). The mean viral load levels decreased sharply in the drug B group from 4.70 ± 0.72 to 1.62 ± 0.47 log copies/ml over 12 weeks, compared to group A (p&lt; 0.01, figure 1). However, in the two groups, CD4 counts had a similar change trend over 24 weeks and the proportion of CD4 cell counts over 200 cells/μl remained identical (figure 2). ITT analysis further demonstrated the results above. Conclusion Compared to TDF/3TC/EFV, BIC/FTC/ TAF as the initial choice for late presenters had better performance to achieve rapid viral suppression, especially in the first three months therapy, but showed no superiority in immune deficiency improvement. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Smrutirekha Sahu. "COVID 19 AND GENDER ROLE: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF THE PANDEMIC ON WOMEN IN INDIA AND RUSSIA." EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR), June 28, 2022, 290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.36713/epra10653.
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The Covid-19 pandemic has devasted the world’s peace by creating terror and brought the world to a protracted crisis of health, economy, education, and livelihood. The dreaded pandemic has continued to wreak havoc on the routine life of humans, especially bringing staggering consequences for women worldwide. Due to the lockdowns and temporary shutdowns, the pandemic has aggravated the existing gender inequality with ample workload on women in the domestic spheres. This paper has done a comparative analysis of the status of women during covid-19 in Indian and Russian society. Gender inequality has increased during the Covid-19 that women from the workforce disappeared; women lost their job as domestic helpers in the cities, and there is massive job loss for women as it is difficult for them to re-enter the workforce in post-lockdowns. In India, women are culturally bound by the social and family expectations that they take time off for kids or family. Ultimately, they face the problem of job loss. In Russia, where the percentage of women is more in the workforce, they abide by the traditional values of family roles and have no time for their productive work. Domestic violence against women is a common issue and deeply rooted in societies of both countries, which have become doubled in India and increased two and half times in Russia during the pandemic. The paper critically explores how the Covid-19 pandemic has provided social, economic, and psychological hardships for women in both countries. Secondly, it asserts how the increased workload in lockdown and the job loss in the pandemic affect the women in India and Russia. Thirdly, it studies the increasing domestic violence cases as a significant physical and emotional damage to women during the pandemic. The paper further examines the state’s response to the women’s issues during the covid-19 pandemic. The study is analytical, descriptive, and primarily based on secondary data from India and Russia. KEYWORDS: Pandemic, Covid-19, Gender role, Women, Domestic violence, Gender equality, India, and Russia.
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Chukwuemerie, Ezeugo Jeremiah. "Extragalactic Radio Quasars: Consequences of the Luminosity/ Redshift Relationship." Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics, December 30, 2021, 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2021/v5i430172.
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We have used both analytical and statistical methods to show some plausible consequences of the luminosity/redshift relationships for compact steep spectrum (CSS) quasars and the more extended extragalactic radio (EGR) quasars. From the analytical methods (or theory), we find that luminosity shows an inverse dependence on the redshift; while from the statistical (empirical) the converse is the case for both CSS quasars and their extended counterparts. We know that luminosity selection effects may play some role in the empirical results. However, we find that the magnitudes of departure of the two empirical results from the theoretical result are staggering – the difference for the extended EGR quasars far outweighs that of the CSS quasars. We may state categorically that this discrepancy may simply be a sign of a factor in the intergalactic medium (IGM) that appears to cause the anomaly in the extended EGR quasars. This is because sources with similar powers are expected to produce similar luminosities; and besides, central engines of the more extended EGR quasars have roughly similar powers with the CSS central engines. However, our results show great difference between their radiated powers (luminosities). A likely explanation of this is that the irregularity may be a signature of dark/vacuum energy. It simply indicates that among other factors, dark energy may constitute a factor which influences luminosities of the more extended EGR quasars. The components (jets and lobes) of the more extended EGR quasars lie in the intergalactic medium (IGM). This medium is more of a vacuum than the interstellar medium (ISM) in which the components of the CSS sources are located. Therefore, dark energy is expected to show more effect in the IGM than in the ISM. Besides, we estimate percentage influence caused by luminosity selection effect and that caused by the presumed dark/vacuum energy. The estimates are respectively, and . These results show that intrinsically, dark/vacuum energy influences extended EGR quasars’ luminosities by about times more than the observational bias caused by luminosity selection effects.