Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Percepcʹao'

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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Praca niniejsza koncentruje się na kontraście dźwięczna-bezdźwięczna w percepcji angielskich i polskich spółgłosek właściwych. Metodologia badań oparta została na manipulacji akustycznej parametrów temporalnych i spektralnych, które biorą udział w implementacji kontrastu dźwięczności w badanych językach. Porównane zastałych trzy grupy badanych – początkujący uczący się języka angielskiego, zaawansowani użytkownicy języka angielskiego, oraz rodowici mówcy języka angielskiego. Praca składa się z dwóch części teoretycznych, ilustrujących problematykę i kontrastujących strategie implementacji kontrastu dźwięczności w badanych językach, oraz części badawczej, prezentującej zastosowaną metodologię badań oraz analizę wyników. Część pierwsza porusza problem roli percepcji mowy w badaniach językoznawczych. Dotyka takich aspektów jak brak bezpośredniej relacji między sygnałem dźwiękowym a kategorią fonologiczną, wyjątkowa plastyczność i zdolność adaptacyjna ludzkiej percepcji mowy, oraz referuje propozycje dotyczące kompleksowego opisu działania ludzkiej percepcji mowy. W kolejnych podrozdziałach praca omawia percepcję w kontekście kontaktu językowego, a więc rozróżnianie kontrastów akustycznych występujących w języku obcym, ale nieobecnych w języku pierwszym. Zostają również zrecenzowane modele, które taki proces opisują, jak i hipotezy opisujące potencjalny sukces w opanowaniu efektywnej percepcji kontrastów percepcyjnych występujących w języku obcym. Część druga koncentruje się na różnicach temporalnych i akustycznych w implementacji dźwięczności w języku angielskim i polskim. Opisane zostają aspekty takie jak; Voice Onset Time, długość samogłoski, długość zwarcia, długość frykcji, ubezdźwięcznienie, długość wybuchu. Cześć trzecia, badawcza, prezentuje materiał poddany badaniu, metodologię manipulacji materiału, oraz charakterystykę grup. Hipotezy oparte na założeniach teoretycznych są następnie weryfikowane przy pomocy otrzymanych wyników. Część końcowa omawia problemy percepcyjne, jakie spotykają Polaków uczących się języka angielskiego oraz wyciąga wnioski pedagogiczne.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo a reflexão de relações entre imagem e texto, deslocamentos e cidades como procedimentos gráficos pensados a partir da minha produção em artes visuais. Retomando elementos do processo de trabalho, busco referências e intenções presentes em minha produção a fim de traçar questões fundamentais nesta. As letras percebidas como imagens são referências recorrentes em meus trabalhos, assim como a experiência de viajar (os deslocamentos) que leva a pensar na utilização do mapa como elemento gráfico e o andar como uma maneira de desenhar no espaço. O desenho é abordado como um conceito relacionado a um pensamento visual e condutor do meu processo de trabalho como artista.
The objective of this paper is to study the reflection of the relationship between image and text, routes and cities and converting them into graphic procedures through my own visual art production. Recalling elements from the creative process, I researched references present in my production in order to define essential questions in it. Trying to turn the letters into images are a recurrent theme in my work, as well as the traveling experience (routes) that leads to thinking about the use of a map as a graphic element, and the walk as a drawing in space. The drawing is approached as a concept related to visual thinking and drive my work process as an artist.

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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

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A personalização é uma forte tendência na prestação de serviços em geral. No contexto da comunicação de dados, porém, a oferta de serviços continua centrada no provedor e em limitações técnicas existentes, em detrimento das necessidades reais dos usuários. Neste cenário, a Internet tem um papel fundamental. A rápida disseminação do seu uso tornou este ambiente o preferido dos desenvolvedores de aplicações, e as abordagens de qualidade de serviço (QoS) propostas na última década pretendem transformá-la em um ambiente mais adequado às exigências de qualidade dessas novas aplicações. As atividades de pesquisa em QoS, no entanto, têm se concentrado em questões relacionadas a mecanismos no nível de comunicação. Em aplicações multimídia distribuídas, considerar QoS somente neste nível não é suficiente, pois os usuários podem perceber mudanças no nível de qualidade fornecido. Embora a percepção de qualidade do usuário envolva aspectos subjetivos, existem fortes razões para tratá-los. Como os recursos são escassos, em particular na Internet, a alocação de recursos baseada na qualidade percebida pelo usuário, propicia um gerenciamento de recursos mais eficiente. Além disso, a qualidade percebida por um indivíduo possibilita a escolha de uma relação custo/benefício que lhe seja mais adequada. Apesar da influência de parâmetros de QoS, tais como atraso e perda de pacotes, sobre o desempenho de aplicações multimídia e sobre a qualidade percebida ter sido amplamente investigada, ainda existem lacunas no tratamento da percepção de qualidade do usuário. Usuários típicos de aplicações na Internet não sabem definir seus requisitos de qualidade de forma quantitativa, pois não fazem idéia de como os serviços são implementados. Por outro lado, parâmetros técnicos que caracterizam o tráfego gerado pelas aplicações precisam ser definidos para que os serviços sejam implementados satisfatoriamente. A efetiva oferta de serviços personalizados com garantias de QoS na Internet, portanto, depende também da solução de dois problemas que não foram tratados adequadamente: a captura de requisitos de alto nível que representam a qualidade requerida pelo usuário e o mapeamento destes requisitos em parâmetros concretos de QoS. Esta tese de doutorado está dedicada ao tratamento destes problemas. Para tal, foi concebido um modelo conceitual de percepção que permite flexibilidade e precisão na captura dos requisitos do usuário. Uma arquitetura formal, denominada ESCHER, baseada no modelo proposto também foi concebida e tem como objetivo principal o tratamento explícito da percepção de qualidade do usuário. As atividades desempenhadas pelos componentes desta arquitetura estão agrupadas em duas fases importantes de modelos de serviços: negociação e monitoramento

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um diagnóstico da percepção ambiental da comunidade educativa da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (professores, alunos e técnicos administrativos). O estudo da percepção ambiental de uma população é fundamental para compreender as inter-relações da mesma com o seu ambiente. Conhecendo a realidade desta comunidade, pode-se realizar projetos de educação ambiental que atenda as necessidades encontradas nesta população. Conforme a Conferência de Tbilisi, a educação ambiental deve girar em torno de problemas concretos e ter um caráter interdisciplinar. Conforme a Política Nacional de Educação Ambiental, a educação ambiental deve ser tratada em todos os níveis de ensino, formal e informal. Este trabalho foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa, baseada em um questionário pré-estabelecido, com uma amostra de 1042 entrevistas. Com a análise dos dados observou-se que a comunidade educativa da UFRGS está preocupada com as questões ambientais, mas está pouco envolvida em ações concretas. A comunidade educativa da UFRGS possui trabalhos que permitem uma análise mais apurada das relações entre a percepção ambiental dessa comunidade e a educação ambiental, como o Relatório de Resíduos Sólidos (GIGA), que trata da gestão dos resíduos produzidos nessa comunidade. Além disso, a UFRGS passa, a partir de 2006, a oferecer um Curso de Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, o qual pode contribuir significativamente para a consolidação de um processo de educação ambiental e de gestão de resíduos dentro da UFRGS. Este trabalho demonstrou a necessidade de implantação de um projeto de Educação Ambiental na UFRGS, e os resultados desta pesquisa poderão servir como subsídio para a elaboração deste projeto.
The present work aimed to carry out a diagnosis of the environmental perception of the educative community of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (teachers, students and administrative staff). The study of the environmental perception of a population is a basic tool for understanding the interrelations between people and their environment. Knowing the reality of this community, projects of environmental education can be carried out according to the necessities found in that population. According to Tbilisi Conference, the environmental education must turn around concrete problems and have an interdisciplinary basis. According to Brasillian National Politics on Environmental Education, the environmental education must be carried out in all levels of education, formal and informal. This work carried out a quantitative research, based on a pre-established questionnaire, It was accomplished through a sample of 1042 interviews. Statiscal analysis of the data made possible to ralize that the educative community of the UFRGS is environmental issue, but is little involved in concrete actions. The educative community of UFRGS has developed some projectos that enable a more refined analysis of the relationships between the environmental perception of this community and the environmental education, as stated in the Report of Solid Residues (GIGA). In the same way, UFRGS willoffer, from 2006 on, a Graduation Course on Environmental Engineering, which can contribute significantly to the environmental education and management of residues in UFRGS. This work demonstrated the need of Environmental Education Projects in UFRGS, and the results of this research can contribute to the elaboration of such project

O presente estudo trata sobre valores e sistema de valores. E um exploratório, utilizando dois casos. Procura-se identificar a expressão do sistema de valores dos operários e a que os executivos tém desse mesmo sistema em duas organizações da grande Porto Alegre, uma indústria de metalurgia e uma institui,s-ão educacional. Além disso, procura-se também descobrir a "consunáncia" entre as expresses e percepções desse sistema de valores e relacionar possíveis conseqüências em relação ao aumento Ou nivel de satisfação e do nivel de organizacional. A autora teve COMO preocupação maior abordar o tema valores de forma pragmática, e abrir horizontes cognitivos sobre a relação de sistema de valores com outros indicadores, sem uma preocupação, neste momento, de comprovar estatisticamente os resultados. Foram elaborados instrumentos específicos e coletados nas organizac3es alvo. A análise foi realizada forma descritiva, no entanto, quantificaram-se alguns resultados para facilitar esse processo. A nivel geral, aparece uma tendència nas duas organizações, os executivos demonstraram pouco conhecimento sobre o sistema de valores dos operários. Além disso, parecem acreditar que a real importância efetivamente dada a certos valores pelos operários, é menor do que a verbalmente expressa pelos mesmos operários. Para efeito deste estudo, considera-se como "consonância" o grau de coincidéncia entre o sistema de valores, expresso Pelos operários, e o que os executivos imaginam seja esse sistema de A "consonância", acima descrita, foi medida nas duas organizações estudadas e percebeu-se um resultado surpreendente. Esperava-se que maior "consonância" entre percepções e expressões de executivos e operários pudesse aumentar os níveis de satisfação e eficácia organizacional, náo foi o que ocorreu. A Empresa A apresentou maior "consonância" entre a expressão dos operários do sistema de valores e a percepção dos executivos desse mesmo sistema, mas também apresentou menor nível de satisfação e eficácia organizacional. Por outro lado, a Instituição B apresentou menor "consonância" e teve niveis mais altos, comparados à Empresa A, em relação a satisfação e a eficcia organizacional. Tais resultados, mesmo não podendo ser generalizados, servem de fonte para subsidiar pesquisas posteriores, mais amplas e mais rigorosas nos métodos quantitativos, examinando o reflexo da "consonância" na satisfa.,ão e na eficácia da organização.
This two-case exploratory study deals with values systems. In two organizations lacated in the greater Porto Alegre, an attempt was made identify the workers' value system as expressed by themseives, and the perception that the executiyes XII of same organization had of such value system. further attempt was made measure the de,gree convergence or "consanance" betwecn, on one hand, the workers' value system, as expressed by themseives, and, on the other hand, the perception the executives had of such value system. Besides, the positive effects of such "consonance"was analysed and discussed. The main attencion of the author was directed into exploring, in a way, the direct e.-ptession of a value system the workers' themselves. Only a hint was sought in relation to the possible positive effects of the "consonance" on the organizational performance, the not allowing for a statistical test. To capture the "expressed value system" specific instruments were developed by the author whose aim was mainly to obtain a descriptive analysis although with the help of some quantitative indicators. In general the executiyes of the two organization analysk,,d have shown little knowledge of the value system as expressed by the workers' themseives. Beside, they seem to believe that the importance given by the workers to specific values smaller than what they had verbally expressed. In reiation to "consonance" (expressing the degree convergence between the yalue system, expressed by the workers themselves, and what the executives would imagine such value system to be ), it was expected that the greater such the degree of "consonance", the higher would be the levei of satisfaction and organizational performance. Surprisingiy, considering the two the variation in the degree of "consonance" did not correspond variations either in the levei of or of organizational efficiency. One knows, that no significant results can be obtained from a two cases study, a path open to encourage larger and more rigorous studies in the field.

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Educação. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação.
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A cultura corporal infantil é o tema geral desta tese. Considera-se como pressuposto a corporeidade enquanto elemento fundamental da formação humana, que se integra às demais dimensões do sujeito. Partiu-se da crítica à concepção naturalizada da corporeidade, que dominou o pensamento moderno, sugerindo a plasticidade e a educabilidade do corpo. Um dos efeitos dessa concepção tem sido a prática da educação fragmentada do sujeito. Por outro lado, o culto ao corpo, amplamente propalado pelos meios de comunicação de massa nos tempos atuais, reforça tal concepção. Escola e mídia atuam como filtros semelhantes ante o olhar das crianças sobre a cultura corporal. Com objetivo de conhecer as representações e expressões corporais de crianças, construídas pelo processo de interação social, procedeu-se à observação do comportamento de alunos de 1a a 3a séries da Escola-Parque 210/211 Norte, em Brasília. Integramos a pesquisa às atividades de ensino da escola, que é voltada exclusivamente para o ensino de Artes e de Educação Física. Desse modo, acompanhamos as crianças por meio de desenhos, jogos dramáticos, brincadeiras e atividades de música e dança. Observamos que, embora, a escola e a mídia filtrem o olhar das crianças, a arte oportuniza a produção de outras imagens corporais.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio-Econômico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração.
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A preocupação principal desta dissertação consiste em descrever a percepção dos atores gerenciais sobre o controle do tempo na organização Usiminas S.A., que vem utilizando técnicas de gestão contemporâneas. Com o intuito de contribuir para a discussão sobre o tema do controle do tempo nas organizações, numa perspectiva qualitativa, utilizam-se como procedimentos metodológicos a pesquisa descritiva e o método de estudo de caso. A coleta de dados é efetivada por meio da aplicação de entrevistas semi-estruturadas aos atores gerenciais, do levantamento de documentos e de observações na organização em estudo. Os dados obtidos possibilitaram realizar a análise de conteúdo, que permitiu apontar como resultados para o controle do tempo: ele possui elementos convergentes e divergentes entre áreas funcionais, influi significativamente como estímulo à participação, atitudes informais, uso da tecnologia da informação e realização de reuniões como instrumentos de interligação. Além disso, a substituição ou o incremento de técnicas de gestão influencia na mudança de percepção do controle do tempo, devido à incorporação de mais atividades à função gerencial. Por fim, são feitas algumas considerações e sugestões para pesquisas futuras, envolvendo mudança, cultura, tecnologia e estrutura organizacional.

A rápida evolução do setor décadas tem instigado a de serviços necessidade de nas últimas estratégias duas de comunicação eficazes, desenvolvidas pelas empresas neste setor, com o objetivo de assegurar que os serviços fornecidos sejam do tipo e qualidade que o usuário espera. O desenvolvimento de estratégias de comunicação por estas empresas tem sido aprimorado a um alto grau, especialmente no mercado Americano e Europeu, não obstante se o mercado em questão é bancário, varejista, imobiliario, segurador, ou, como no caso deste estudo, hoteleiro.Todavia qual é o grau de eficiência e eficácia destas estratégias, especialmente na sua implementação? Até que ponto os empresários conhecem os usuários/ consumi dores? o que é levado em consideração nas diferenças de percepçoes de qua 1 idade do serviço destes clientes/hóspedes/ consumi dores em potencial, e igualmente importante, na diferença de percepçoes entre o usuário e o fornecedor do serviço? A percepção de qualidade de serviço é o ponto foca 1 deste estudo. Idealmente, um fluxo de informação eficaz entre o fornecedor do serviço e o usuário potencial garantiria que o serviço prestado contivesse todas as qualidades necessárias esperadas pelo usuário. A convicção de que uma estratégia de comunicação deve fundamentalmente, comunicar uma forma de satisfação das necessidades e desejos do consumidor, e que para atingi r este objetivo ela deve estar congruente com as expectativas do consumidor, fez com que esta linha de pesquisa resultasse na elaboração desta dissertação.
The rapid evolution twenty years has ABSTRACT of the prompted services the sector in need for the last effective communication strategies which are being constantly deve l oped by the f i rms in th i s se c to r, w i th the a i m o f guaranteeing the type of service which the potential client would expect. The development of communication strategies has been refined to a high degree, especially in the American and European markets whether the market i s bank i ng, real esta te, reta i l, insurance, or, as in the case of this study, the hotel industry. However how efficient and effective are these strategies, especially in their implementation? How well do these firms really know their consumer/client? What is taken into consideration when analysing the difference in perceptions of quality of the various consumers/clients/patients/guests etc? And equa ll y i mportant, how we 11 known are the differences between the quality perceptions of the service provider and the user ? Percept i on of qual i ty i s the focal poi nt of th i s study. Ideally, the efficient and effective flow of information would make sure that the service provided would match perfectly with the basic qualities expected by the user. The conviction that a communication strategy should ultimately relate to the needs and desires of the consumer, and the need for the firm's objectives to be congruent with the consume r' s expectat i ons, provi ded the i mpetus for th i s research to be deve l oped i nto the contents of th i s dissertation.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção.
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The thesis deals with the subject of emotional reactions to music. The research so far has been based mainly on analyses that utilized the dimensional affective model. At the same time, an increase in the use of the musical emotions model has been observed as the most suitable for this type of reactions. The emerging inaccuracy in the definitions of emotions causes the lack of unambiguous answers about the nature of emotional reactions to music. The aim of the work was to verify the theoretical model in which the emotional reactions to music were based on affect described on two dimensions of arousal and valence. According to the model, the induction of more detailed reactions in the form of modal emotions or musical emotions is mediated by the cognitive appraisal originating from non-musical associations. Verification of the model was performed by conducting three studies that responded to research questions. In all three studies, five affectively different music pieces were used. In addition, in the first experiment affective words and in the third experiment affective images were used. In the second study and the third experiment, which were carried out both in the laboratory and online, emotional reactions to music were measured using three scales: modal emotions, musical emotions and dimensions of affect. The first experiment verified the hypotheses regarding the induction of unconscious affect congruent with the affective characterization of the stimulus. To this end, a lexical decision task was used. The second study verified whether emotional reactions to music could be reduced to a smaller number of dimensions that would correspond to existing models of affect. For this purpose, a study was conducted using three methods of measuring emotional reactions to music (modal emotions, musical emotions and dimensions of affect.) In the same study, the verified hypotheses regarded dominance of musical emotions preference in the description of subjective emotional reactions to specific music and the dependence of this preference on the type of listened music. Therefore, the respondents, after answering three types of scales of emotional reactions chose the most preferred form of responses at a given moment. The third experiment verified the hypothesis that subjectively perceived emotional reactions to music could be modified by cognitive associations. In the first experiment, the music's valence effect was partly obtained for the results from part two of the experiment, but the effect of music’s arousal did not appear in any part of the experiment. Thus, there was no positive answer to the question whether music causes changes in the affect on both its dimensions. In the second study, musical emotions were chosen more often as the preferred form of determining subjective emotional reactions to music in one of the samples. This effect was characteristic not for all types of music pieces. The choice of a particular way of describing emotional reactions depends on the type of listened music. The second study also provided preliminary confirmation of the assumption that emotional reactions to music have their base in the affect, because the conducted factor analysis and cluster analysis showed a structure similar to affective models. However, emotional reactions related to the aesthetic experience of music elude these divisions, making it difficult to reduce these reactions to existing two- or three-dimensional models of affect. In the third experiment the possibility of modifying the emotional response to music through the manipulation of cognitive associations was confirmed. However, the obtained effect was distinct, and some of the images used did not allow for effective modification of these reactions. The results, however, allow to state that the manipulation of emotions with associations is more effective by using music with rich affective characteristics, that is not explicit in emotional expression, or with a calm, relaxing affective character than by using music that have a highly unambiguous emotional character. The results of the three studies do not allow for explicit rejection or confirmation of the verified theoretical model, which prompts further its analysis using modified experimental procedures or completely new research solutions. The obtained results of the second study indicate the importance of the type of methods used by researchers to determine subjective emotional reactions to music. Regardless of their popularity in music psychology research, musical emotions are not always the most preferred method. In turn, the results of the third experiment suggest that emotional reactions to music to a limited extent, can be modified, which finds application in the area of advertising, film as well as music therapy.

The following dissertation presents a new model of perception associated with ever-growing amounts of information available on the Web. The specific topics discussed include automatic mechanisms for selecting data to help in countering the negative effects of information overload as well as the transformation of social tools for knowledge production and dissemination. The work consists of five parts, the first of which defines the concept of perception and explains the difference between perception and attention, categories so often used interchangeably in cultural studies. The problem of information overload is not considered through the prism of individual acts of perception, but as a phenomenon of social mechanisms of knowledge management. The second part presents the main theories and historical context of information overload. The analysis shows that the sense of overload is not only a characteristic of the information society, but a regular phenomenon in the history of culture that emerges from a changing media and communication environment. An important point of reference for the current perception changes is the birth of the mass society and the then attempts to create a democratic system of knowledge. The third chapter discusses two distinct and important phenomena impacting on the economics of perception in networked information environment, namely algorithmisation together with accompanying datification (tendency to create increasingly more numerical data) and collective intelligence, being a specific type of collaboration between different actors on the Web, which develops on a mass scale and promotes the formation of new mechanisms of knowledge creation. This part contains a diagnosis of processes involved in culture formation and change, used as a starting point for the formulation of strategies to combat information overload presented in the subsequent chapter. These strategies are understood as technological solutions (algorithms, automatic filters, data processing systems), design concepts (data visualisation) and social mechanisms of content management (curatorial practices, social tagging, etc.), which are formed by adapting existing mechanisms to current challenges and social conditions. The last part of the dissertation presents the author’s proposal for a new model of perception (ambient perception), which draws on Walter Benjamin’s concept of tactical reception. Rather than being a complete departure from the perception achieved with focused attention, ambient perception seems to enhance the cognitive apparatus by enabling data processing in the background. The perception process takes place in different modes, which intertwine and complement each other in pursuit of other objectives requiring different cognitive tools and resources. This helps to alleviate the effects of information overload without burdening the perceptual apparatus of the individual.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The present work on information security in the academic area, aims to analyze the users' perception of IT infrastructure of a public university on the factors involved in information security. Through a quantitative questionnaire online, eight factors related to information security were explored, which were taken from the literature reviewed, with special attention to the qualitative work in the area. They are: 1. Administration's support; 2. Assignment of responsibility;3. Environment of academic freedom; 4. Safety culture; 5. Priority of security; 6. Participation in safety activities; 7. Awareness programs; 8. Communication. After collecting data, total of 122 cases, the method of exploratory factor analysis for multivariate analysis of data was applied to accept or reject the hypothesis of the work. The work has extended other research on information security and indicates that the administration's support is the most important factor to explain the perception of information security in a public university environment. Information security policies in this organization should take this factor into account during its preparation.
O presente trabalho sobre segurança da informação no âmbito acadêmico objetiva analisar a percepção dos usuários da infraestrutura de TI de uma universidade pública sobre os fatores que envolvem a segurança da informação. Através de um questionário quantitativo on-line, exploram-se oito fatores relativos à segurança da informação, que foram retirados da literatura revisada, com especial atenção para os trabalhos qualitativos na área. São eles: 1. Apoio da administração; 2. Atribuição de responsabilidade; 3. Ambiente de liberdade acadêmica; 4. Cultura da segurança; 5. Prioridade da segurança; 6. Participação nas atividades de segurança; 7. Programas de conscientização; 8. Comunicação. Após a coleta de dados, total de 122 casos, o método de análise fatorial exploratória foi aplicado buscando aceitar ou rejeitar as hipóteses do trabalho. O trabalho estendeu outras pesquisas sobre segurança da informação e indica que o apoio da administração é o fator mais importante para explicar a percepção da segurança da informação num ambiente universitário público. Políticas de segurança da informação neste tipo de organização devem levar este fator em consideração durante a sua elaboração.

Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção, Florianópolis, 1998.
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To study the transformation of industrial devices in artistic arrangements, this research does an analysis of a corpus of the artistic production. This research presents the process which involves the development of objects, especially the appropriation, the deconstruction of some appropriations, storing these appropriations and finally the construction of the artwork. This presentation aims to place the reader inside to the production of an artwork. In a second moment, comparisons are made between the properties and functions of the developed work with the properties and functions perceived by a sample of viewers. With some questions received by viewers, on the occasions when the artwork was exposed, It was possible to confirm the influence of the perceptual filters of each subject. We saw how perception contributes to the various formats of the same artwork. The early research aims to show all the processes involved in a creation of an artwork. It analyzes the characteristics of each production stage. The research uses as objects of study, the artwork produced so far. It presents images, characteristics, materials, mounting needs and description os actions if It is available. With that, the research contributes to form a consistent analysis of a period of career development. To support of this analysis are presented throughout the text, some artists who contributed to this artwork be recognized in the artistic field. This research also present some contemporary artists, Brazilians, who produce works which have affinities with the objects of study, visual, but mostly conceptual. They are artists who produce recycled hacks with industrial devices, creating artworks that run in error, uncertainty and inactivity, giving them goals and other characteristics. At the end of the production analysis are brought reports of a sample of viewers. The purpose of analyzing the contact between the spectator and the artwork artistic arrangements It is to prove that they can share a moment of creation, formatting functions, joints, assemblages and properties in accordance with their own perceptual filters. At that stage, the theories used are the assemblages of double Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari and the concepts of imagination, perception and open work, especially for authors like Juremir Machado da Silva, Umberto Eco e Maurice Merleau-Ponty to serve as support to the raise hypothesis
Para estudar a transformação de dispositivos industriais em arranjos artísticos esta pesquisa faz a análise de um corpus de produção artística. São apresentados os processos que envolvem o desenvolvimento dos objetos, em especial a apropriação, a desconstrução de algumas apropriações, o armazenamento dessas apropriações e por fim a construção dos trabalhos artísticos. Essa apresentação visa colocar o leitor a par desse tipo de produção artística. Em um segundo momento, são feitas comparações entre as propriedades e funções dos trabalhos desenvolvidos, com as propriedades e funções percebidas por uma amostra de espectadores. Com algumas questões recebidas pelos espectadores, em ocasiões nas quais os trabalhos estiveram expostos, foi possível confirmarmos a influência dos filtros perceptivos de cada sujeito. Vimos como a percepção contribui para as diversas formatações de um mesmo trabalho artístico. O início da pesquisa visa destrinchar todos os processos que envolvem a criação dos trabalhos artísticos. São analisadas as especificidades presentes em cada etapa da própria produção. Para tanto são utilizados como objetos de estudo os trabalhos produzidos até então. São apresentadas imagens, características, materiais, necessidades de montagem e descrições de ações - quando existem. Com isso a pesquisa contribui para formar uma análise consistente de um período da carreira artística em desenvolvimento. Como apoio a essa análise são apresentados, ao longo do texto, alguns artistas que contribuíram para que tais trabalhos sejam reconhecidos no campo artístico. São apresentados também alguns artistas contemporâneos, brasileiros, que produzem trabalhos os quais possuem afinidades com os objetos de estudo, sejam elas visuais, mas principalmente conceituais. São artistas que produzem gambiarras com dispositivos industriais reciclados, criando trabalhos que operam no erro, na incerteza, na inoperância, dando a eles outras finalidades e características. Ao término da análise da produção são trazidos os relatos de uma amostra de espectadores. O objetivo de analisar o contato do espectador com o trabalho - arranjos artísticos - é demonstrar que os mesmos podem partilhar de um momento de criação, formatando funções, articulações, agenciamentos e propriedades de acordo com os seus próprios filtros perceptivos. Nessa etapa são utilizadas as teorias de agenciamentos da dupla Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari, e os conceitos de imaginário, obra aberta e percepção, com destaque aos autores, respectivamente, Juremir Machado da Silva, Umberto Eco e Maurice Merleau-Ponty, para servirem de apoio à hipótese levantada

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Educação. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação.
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Esse estudo tem por objetivo compreender a visão de mundo que as crianças constroem na cotidianidade da doutrina do Santo Daime, na Vila Céu do Mapiá, no Estado do Amazonas, a partir das experiências que vivenciam no espaço das brincadeiras, na elaboração dos saberes e nas práticas religiosas ritualísticas denominadas "Trabalhos Espirituais". A pesquisa focaliza a relação dialógica como elemento central de contato com o sujeito # a criança. Desse modo, parto da empiria, buscando os recortes teóricos necessários para ressignificá-la, utilizando as categorias conceituais de análise que possibilitam a compreensão dos significados, valores, sentidos que são fundamentais na vida dessas crianças. Os dados analisados foram obtidos através do exercício etnográfico, em um processo metodológico de estranhamento e familiarização, considerando o olhar, o ouvir e o escrever. A interpretação dos dados permitiu perceber que as crianças da pesquisa vivenciam sua infância, constroem saberes significativos, ao mesmo tempo em que participam das práticas religiosas que edificam a sua visão de mundo.

Niniejsza praca daje odpowiedzi na pytania o predyktory preferowanego poziomu kontroli aktorów sytuacji współzależności społecznej. W szczególności podejmuje temat wpływu kompetencji, motywacji i bliskości partnera sytuacji współzależności społecznej na preferowany przez aktora sytuacji podział kontroli. W rozprawie rozważono także temat wagi obszaru aktywności (czyli tego co jest przedmiotem kontroli) na preferowany podział kontroli pomiędzy aktora i jego partnera sytuacji współzależności społecznej. Uwzględniono także, bardzo rzadko włączane do badań, zagadnienie udziału czynników losowych jako źródła zmienności. Autorka szuka odpowiedzi na pytanie o to, jaka jest międzysytuacyjna zmienność preferowanej alokacji kontroli i od czego ta zmienność zależy.

W interdyscyplinarnym podejściu zastosowanym w pracy miasto zostało ujęte w trzech składowych wątkach badawczych. Pierwszym wątkiem jest fizyczna przestrzeń geograficzna, którą tworzą obiekty i przestrzenie. Drugi wątek to subiektywne opinie użytkowników przestrzeni, w tym ich zadowolenie z miejsca. Trzeci wątek tworzą teoretyczne wzorce przestrzenne, wykorzystywane przez urbanistów i architektów, definiujące miasto o dobrej formie. Celem pracy było określenie, jaki jest związek między tymi trzeba aspektami. Czy struktura funkcjonalno-przestrzenna determinuje percepcję miejsca, czy wzrost liczby wzorców teoretycznych jest skorelowany z oceną miejsca oraz czy występują czynniki, które determinują rozmieszczenie ocen w przestrzeni. Aby uzyskać odpowiedź, dokonano delimitacji przestrzeni Warszawy pod względem funkcjonalnym, a następnie wylosowano 1309 miejsc, w których wykonano zdjęcia panoramiczne. Następnie poproszono respondentów o ocenę tych miejsc, a sędziów kompetentnych o identyfikację wzorców teoretycznych. Uzyskane wyniki pokazały, że związek między oceną i strukturą oraz między oceną i liczbą wzorców jest średni, lecz istotny. Ponadto zidentyfikowano czynniki, które mają wpływ na rozmieszczenie ocen i wskazano te wzorce, które faktycznie są powiązane z ocenami. Powstała również mapa percepcji przestrzeni Warszawy o niespotykanej dotąd szczegółowości.
Interdisciplinary approach used in the work consists of three research threads of the city. The first thread is the geographical space, which is made up of objects and places. The second thread are the opinions of residents, including their space evaluation. The third thread are the theoretical spatial patterns, describing how good urban space should look like. The aim of this study was to determine what is the relationship between these aspects. Asked if 1) functional and spatial structure determines the perception of space, 2) the number of theoretical models is correlated with the assessment of the place and 3) there are factors that determine the distribution of perception in space. To get the answer, made the delimitation of the Warsaw and randomly selected 1309 places. In this places they were taken panoramic photos. In the next step we asked respondents to evaluate these places and competent judges were asked to identify theoretical patterns. On the basis of the database was made statistical analysis. The results showed that the relationship between the assessment and the structure, even as between the assessment and the number of patterns are medium, but important. In addition, identified factors influencing the distribution of assessments and identifies those patterns that are highly associated with assessments. It was made map of perception of Warsaw space in unprecedented detail scale.

Handel ludźmi jest zjawiskiem, o którym prawdopodobnie większość ludzi słyszała i posiada na jego temat pewną ogólną, powierzchowną wiedzę. W ostatnich dwóch dziesięcioleciach można również zaobserwować wzrost zainteresowania problematyką handlu ludźmi w Polsce wśród polityków, ustawodawców, ekspertów czy badaczy. Pomimo podejmowania licznych przedsięwzięć związanych z przeciwdziałaniem handlowi ludźmi, nie sposób jednak mówić o znaczącym wzroście wiedzy na ten temat. Wiedza o tym przestępstwie opiera się w zasadzie jedynie na bezrefleksyjnie powielanych kliszach. Również sam wizerunek ofiary handlu ludźmi jest mocno stereotypowy, niepoparty wiedzą naukową, ale potocznymi przekonaniami. Praca jest krytycznym spojrzeniem na społecznie wykreowany wizerunek ofiary handlu kobietami w celu prostytucji. Przedmiot refleksji został zanalizowany poprzez pryzmat teorii męskiej dominacji Pierre’a Bourdieu dotyczącej społecznie wytwarzanych różnic w postrzeganiu kobiet i mężczyzn oraz koncepcji stereotypów płciowych. Te bowiem założenia teoretyczne w dużej mierze tłumaczą społeczne korzenie wizerunku ofiary handlu kobietami w celu prostytucji. Praca stanowi próbę odpowiedzi na następujące pytania: jaki jest społeczny wizerunek ofiary handlu kobietami w celu prostytucji? Czy wizerunek ten jest spójny i jednolity, czy tez możemy mówić o różnych modelach, sposobach postrzegania ofiary handlu kobietami? Czy wizerunek ten jest podzielany w ramach wszystkich zbadanych przeze mnie sfer i grup społeczno-zawodowych czy też różni się między nimi? W celu zrekonstruowania społecznego wizerunku ofiary handlu kobietami zostało zrealizowanych kilka badań. Pierwszym z nich była analiza wysokonakładowego, ogólnopolskiego dziennika – Gazety Wyborczej. W tym celu zostało przeanalizowanych 353 publikacji z okresu 1991-2009. Kolejnym było badanie ankietowe wśród 114. przedstawicieli organów ścigania (funkcjonariuszy policji i Straży Granicznej), ponieważ grupa ta ma największe prawdopodobieństwo zetknięcia się z ofiarą przestępstwa handlu ludźmi. Ostatnie badanie polegało na analizie treści wszystkich 59. orzeczeń sądowych w sprawach o handel ludźmi w celu prostytucji toczących się w latach 1997-2009. Umożliwiło ono wgląd w opinie sędziów na temat ofiar handlu kobietami. Wyniki badań wskazują na to, że ofiara handlu kobietami w celu prostytucji jest postrzegana stereotypowo. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań można mówić o dwóch modelach postrzegania ofiary handlu kobietami, znajdujących się na przeciwległych biegunach. Pierwszy związany jest z postrzeganiem jej jako wyrachowanej, chciwej prostytutki, która nie doznała dużej krzywdy, ponieważ sprawcy zmuszali ją jedynie do tego, czym i tak wcześniej się zajmowała. Drugi, skrajnie różny od pierwszego model opiera się na paternalistycznym sposobie postrzegania ofiary handlu kobietami jako niewinnego, ale naiwnego i „niezbyt bystrego” dziewczęcia. Warto przy tym zaznaczyć, że te obydwa sposoby postrzegania ofiary handlu kobietami wystąpiły w materiale empirycznym pochodzącym ze wszystkich przeprowadzonych badań – zarówno w analizie prasy, badaniach opinii funkcjonariuszy organów ścigania oraz analizie orzecznictwa polskich sądów. Istotnym punktem wyjścia dla zrozumienia specyfiki handlu ludźmi w celu prostytucji jest zdanie sobie sprawy z tego, że jest to przestępstwo popełniane wyłącznie na kobietach, a więc ściśle związane z płcią ofiary. Wizerunek ofiary handlu ludźmi jest moim zdaniem silnie skorelowany ze społecznym odbiorem kobiety. Bycie ofiarą jest bowiem emanacją cech kobiecych – posłuszeństwa, poddaństwa, bierności, z drugiej strony – pazerności, chytrości i przebiegłości.
Trafficking in human beings is a known phenomenon, however most people posses a general, superficial knowledge about it. In the last two decades a growing interest in issues of human trafficking can be observed in our country, especially among politicians, policy makers, experts and researchers. Despite a number of projects related to the counteracting trafficking in human beings, a significant increase in reliable knowledge in this subject is yet to come. Unfortunately, the knowledge regarding this crime is essentially still based only on mindlessly duplicated clichés. The image of victims of trafficking is heavily stereotyped, being based not on scientific evidence, but on colloquial knowledge. This thesis takes a critical look on the socially created image of the female victim of trafficking for prostitution. The object of my study is analyzed by using the Pierre Bourdieu theory of masculine domination concerning socially produced differences in the perception of women and men, as well as the concept of gender stereotypes. In fact, these theoretical assumptions largely explain the social roots of the image of women trafficked for prostitution. This thesis is trying to answer the following questions: what is the social image of women trafficked for prostitution? Is this image consistent and uniform, or are there different models (patterns) of the victims of trafficking in women? Is this image shared across all examined areas and socio-professional groups or are there some differences between them? In order to answer these questions several studies have been conducted. The first of these was the analysis of high-volume, nationwide daily newspaper – Gazeta Wyborcza. For this purpose, 353 publications from the period of 1991-2009 were analyzed. Another study was a survey conducted among 114 functionaries of law enforcement agencies (Police and Border Guard), as this group is most likely to come into contact with victims of human trafficking. Last research was the analysis of the content of 59 Judgments in all court cases of human trafficking which took place in the years from 1997 to 2009. Conducted analysis has allowed me to get an insight into the opinions of the judges about the victims of trafficking in women. The results indicate that the victim of trafficking in women is perceived very stereotypically. One of the findings suggests that we cannot talk about one, but two basic depictions of female-victim of human trafficking. Moreover, according to the results of my research, two models of the perception of victims of trafficking in women can be recognized. These models are contradictory to, hence they can be described as located at opposite poles. The first model is related to the perception of victim as a calculated, greedy prostitute who has not suffered much because the perpetrators forced her only to continue doing what she has already been doing. The second model, far different from the first one, is based on a paternalistic perception of a trafficked woman as an innocent, but naive and "not very clever" maiden. It should be noted that these two ways of looking at victims of trafficking in women occurred in all the empirical data from the conducted research – both in press analysis, survey of law enforcement representatives and in the analysis of Polish courts’ Judgments. An important starting point for understanding of the specificity of the offense of trafficking for prostitution is to realize that it is a crime committed exclusively to women, and it is very closely related to the sex of the victim (gender violence offence). The image of a victim of trafficking in human beings is, in my opinion, highly correlated to the public perception of women. Being a victim is in fact an emanation of female characteristics – obedience, submission, passivity, and, on the other hand – greed, cunning and guile.

Śpiewanie jest równie naturalną czynnością jak mówienie. Wzrastająca liczba prac naukowych pokazuje, że osoby nie związane profesjonalnie z muzyką albo wykonaniem wokalnym potrafi śpiewać poprawnie, zwłaszcza gdy są one proszone o śpiewanie dobrze im znanych piosenek lub imitowanie pojedynczych dźwięków, interwałów lub krótkich melodii. Zdarzają się jednak różnice pomiędzy jednostkami w populacji ogólnej, biorąc pod uwagę wykonanie wokalne. Niektóre osoby wykazują szczególną niedokładność czy nieprecyzyjność podczas śpiewania albo imitowania informacji dźwiękowej. Osoby te, określane mianem „słabych śpiewaków” wykazują różnorodność fenotypów śpiewania bezpośrednio związanych ze specyfiką zaburzenia, które ujawniają. Mogą to być, dla przykładu, słabi śpiewacy, których wykonanie wokalne charakteryzuje się nieprecyzyjnym wykonywaniem wysokości dźwięków, przy jednoczesnym zachowaniu zależności czasowych śpiewanych nut. Obserwowany jest również odwrotny rodzaj zaburzenia (np. nieprawidłowe wykonywanie czasowości śpiewanych nut przy jednoczesnym zachowaniu prawidłowego wykonywania wysokości dźwięków). Celem niniejszej pracy badawczej jest przeprowadzenie systematycznego badania umiejętności wykonania wokalnego u osób bez wykształcenia muzycznego, a w szczególności u słabych śpiewaków. Przeprowadzone badania mają na celu identyfikację właściwości wykonania wokalnego (pod względem wysokości dźwięków i ich czasowości) u osób bez formalnego wykształcenia muzycznego. Ponadto, szczególną uwagę zwracam na osoby ujawniające niepoprawne lub nieprecyzyjne śpiewanie. Dodatkowym celem projektu jest zbadanie wykonania wokalnego słabych śpiewaków oraz określenie czy słabe śpiewanie stanowi rezultat nieprawidłowej percepcji muzyki. Aby opisać główne mechanizmy funkcjonalne umożliwiające sprawne śpiewanie skupiłam się na oszacowaniu umiejętności wokalnych badanych osób przy zastosowaniu zadań wykorzystujących imitację oraz śpiewanie z pamięci znanych piosenek. Wyniki uzyskane z tych zadań mogą być związane z funkcjonalnym modelem wykonania wokalnego, który zaproponowałam w niniejszej pracy, czyli pętlą wokalno sensomotoryczną (PWS). Model identyfikuje istotne procesy poznawcze zaangażowane w wykonanie wokalne oraz imitację dźwięków, a ponadto precyzuje ich poznawczą architekturę. W swojej złożoności łączy w sobie komponenty percepcyjne, motoryczne, słuchowo-motorycznego mapowania oraz pamięciowe, zwłaszcza, że rola jaką te komponenty pełnią może być zbadana, biorąc pod uwagę otrzymane wyniki z zadań wokalnych. Dotychczas nie zaprezentowano wystarczającego zbioru testów szacujących sprawność śpiewania w populacji ogólnej, pozwalającego na wykrycie i scharakteryzowanie indywidualnych profili słabych śpiewaków. W celu wypełnienia tej luki w prezentowanej pracy przedstawiam nowe narzędzie badawcze służące do szacowania sprawności śpiewania Baterię Testów Zdolności Wokalnych (BTZW). BTZW rozpoczyna się od określenia rejestru osoby badanej, po czym następuje pięć zadań: (1) Odtwarzanie pojedynczych wysokości muzycznych, (2) Odtwarzanie wysokości interwałów, (3) Powtarzanie nieznanych melodii (bez tekstu), (4) Śpiewanie z pamięci znanych melodii w tempie dowolnym (z tekstem lub za pomocą sylab la-la-la) i zadanie (5) Śpiewanie znanych melodii z kontrolą tempa (z tekstem lub za pomocą sylab la-la-la). Analiza otrzymanych danych oparta jest wyłącznie na obiektywnych metodach akustycznych. Metody te dostarczają rzetelnych pomiarów dokładności i precyzji w odniesieniu do absolutnych i relatywnych wysokości dźwięków. Baterią przetestowano grupę 50 osób bez wykształcenia muzycznego. Rezultaty pokazały, że jest ona użytecznym narzędziem służącym do charakteryzowania sprawności śpiewania oraz wykrywania jednostek niepoprawnie śpiewających. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników potwierdzono, że większość populacji śpiewa poprawnie, niemniej jednak wśród zbadanych osób zidentyfikowano 14 przypadków słabego śpiewania. Pięciu z nich ujawniało niepoprawne śpiewanie w odniesieniu do wysokości absolutnych i relatywnych. Czterech było selektywnie niedokładnych, kiedy wykonywali wysokość dźwięku, byli jednak dokładni w wykonywaniu wzorów interwałowych we wszystkich zadaniach. U pięciu stwierdzono odwrotny profil. Podsumowując można zauważyć, że większość słabych śpiewaków posiada problemy zarówno w odniesieniu do dokładności jak i precyzji w różnych zadaniach baterii. Ponadto, na podstawie wyników otrzymanych z baterii BTZW wykryłam szczególny przypadek osoby z zaburzeniami w śpiewie (A.Z.), definiowany jako czystą zaburzenia wykonania wokalnego. W tym wypadku zdolności percepcyjne badanej osoby pozostały w większym stopniu niezaburzone. A.Z. ujawnia wyłącznie minimalne deficyty percepcyjne w takich zadaniach jak MBEA, Test Percepcji Interwałów, Test Percepcji Konturu Interwałów, Test dyskryminacji wysokości. Co istotne, deficyty percepcyjne A.Z. nie obejmują swoim zasięgiem przetwarzania dźwięku w kontekście mowy, co sprawdziłam za pomocą następujących zadań: Test Intonacji Mowy, Test imitacji zdań mową i śpiewem. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników, potwierdziłam istnienie przypadku czystej formy głuchoty na dźwięki. W testowanym przykładzie osoby badanej, imitacja wysokości interwałów okazała się być bardzo niepoprawna w odniesieniu do wysokości relatywnych i absolutnych podczas śpiewania. Jednakże, nie zaobserwowałam podobnych zależności w zadaniach związanych z mówieniem. Odkrycia tego typu wskazują na istnienie niezależnych mechanizmów dotyczących imitacji wysokości dźwięków w muzyce i w mowie. Podsumowując, słabe śpiewanie jawi się jako trudne do wyjaśnienia jeżeli będziemy je definiować wyłącznie jako pojedyncze zaburzenie lub mechanizm. Jego złożoność odzwierciedla architektura składająca się z wielu komponentów systemu wokalnego, jak to pokazałam w modelu pętli wokalno sensomotorycznej. Należałoby raczej przyjąć istnienie różnorodności fenotypów słabego śpiewania wymagających gruntownego zestawu zadań umożliwiających ich zdefiniowanie.
Singing is as natural as speaking for humans. An increasing number of studies shows that subjects who did not receive musical vocal training can sing proficiently, especially when they are asked to sing familiar melodies or imitating single tones, intervals or short melodies. However, there are differences between individuals in the general population in singing skills. Some individuals show particular inaccuracy or imprecision while singing or imitating pitch information. Such persons, referred to as "poor singers" display a variety of phenotypes of poor-pitch singing, depending on the malfunctioning mechanism in the song system. For example, there are poor-pitch singers whose vocal performance is characterized by an inaccurate and/or imprecise performance in terms of pitch, while maintaining the timing of notes while singing. The opposite impairment (i.e., impaired timing with spared pitch performance) is also observed. The goal of this dissertation is to conduct a systematic exam of vocal performance in people without musical training. The research conducted aims at identifying the properties of vocal performance (i.e., in terms of pitch and timing) in individuals without formal musical training. Moreover, particular attention is paid to individuals who show inaccurate of imprecise singing. An additional goal is to examine the vocal performance of poor singers and to determine if poor singing results from an incorrect perception of music. To describe the main functional mechanisms allowing proficient singing, I focused on assessing the subjects‟ vocal abilities, using various imitation tasks, and singing well-known melodies from memory. The results from these tasks can be related to a functional model of vocal performance which I proposed in this dissertation, namely the Vocal Sensory Loop (VSL). The model identifies the essential cognitive processes involved in vocal production and imitation, and specifies their cognitive architecture. The model, in its complexity, incorporates perceptual, motor, auditory-motor mapping and memory components whereas the role of these components can be examined by taking into account the results of dedicated vocal tasks. So far, there is not an exhaustive set of tasks for estimating singing proficiency in the general population, allowing for the detection and characterization of individual profiles of poor singers. To fill this gap, in the present work, I present a new battery of tests for estimating singing proficiency in the general population: the Sung Performance Battery (SPB). The SPB starts from the assessment of participants‟ vocal range followed by five tasks: (1) single-pitch matching, (2) pitch-interval matching, (3) novel-melody matching, (4) singing from memory of familiar melodies (with lyrics and on a syllable), and (5) singing of familiar melodies (with lyrics and on a syllable) at a slow tempo indicated by a metronome. Data analysis is based only on objective acoustical methods. These methods provide a reliable measurement of the accuracy and precision of vocal performance in terms of absolute and relative pitch. The SPB has been tested in a group of 50 occasional singers who did not receive formal musical training . The results indicate that the battery is useful for characterizing proficient singing and for detecting cases of inaccurate and/or imprecise singing. Based on these results it has been shown that the majority of the population sings correctly, but among the examined individuals I was able to identify 14 cases of poor singing. Five of them revealed incorrect singing with regard to absolute and relative pitch. Four were selectively inaccurate when they produced pitch, but they were accurate in performing interval patterns in all the tasks. Five showed the opposite pattern of results. To summarize, it can be seen that most of the poor singers revealed difficulties both with regard to the accuracy and precision in the various tasks of the battery. Furthermore, a particular intriguing case was found showing impaired singing (AZ), namely pure vocal tone deafness, as observed with the SPB. In this case, severe deficits in pitch production and imitation were described. However, this was not accompanied by impaired perception. AZ showed only minor perceptual deficits in tasks such as the MBEA, an Interval Perception Test, a Contour Perception Test, and a Pitch Discrimination Test. Importantly, AZ‟s pitch perception deficits did not extend to pitch processing in a speech context, as observed with a Speech Intonation Test, and a Speech and Sing Sentence Imitation Test. Based on the results, I confirmed the existence of cases of purely vocal tone deafness. In the tested case, AZ, imitation of pitch interval proved to be very incorrect in relation to the relative and absolute pitch during singing. However, this has not been observed in tasks involving spoken performance. Such findings point to the existence of independent mechanisms for pitch imitation in music and speech. In sum, poor singing appears as difficult to explain based on a single disorder or mechanism. Its complexity reflects the multi-component architecture of the song system as shown by the Vocal Sensorimotor Loop. Rather there are various phenotypes of poor singing which required an exhaustive set of tasks to be uncovered.

Zagadnieniem rozpatrywanym w prezentowanej rozprawie jest znaczenie, jakie dla poczucia jakości życia młodych dorosłych mogą mieć procesy związane realizacją zadań rozwojowych - podejmowania wysiłku konstruowania tożsamości oraz tranzycja z środowiska edukacyjnego na rynek pracy. Projekt został zrealizowany w paradygmacie narracyjnym, który czerpiąc z koncepcji konstrukcjonizmu społecznego i personalizmu, z jednej strony przypisuje szczególne znaczenie roli języka w rozumieniu i tworzeniu rzeczywistości (społecznej i osobowej), a z drugiej zapewnia podmiotowość i szanuje indywidualizm badanego umożliwiając docieranie do jego własnych, subiektywnych znaczeń. Zgodnie z założeniami teoretycznymi przyjęto, że tożsamość osobista ma charakter narracyjny i przejawia się w dyspozycji jednostki do tworzenia historii o sobie, poprzez które możliwe staje się nadawanie sensu i znaczenia zdobywanym doświadczeniom. Nie dzieje się to jednak w próżni, a w otoczeniu innych, społecznie konstruowanych opowieści – w tym o wykonywanym/wybranym zawodzie (wśród zawodowego etosu). Przewidywano, że funkcjonowanie badanych na styku tych dwóch narracji, związane będzie z ich poczuciem jakości życia. Do badania zaproszono osoby związane zawodowo z medycyną, jako uczestników grupy o wyrazistym etosie. W projekcie udział wzięli młodzi dorośli - studenci pierwszego roku studiów medycznych, lekarze stażyści i rezydenci. Założono, że osoby na kolejnych etapach rozwoju kariery lekarskiej, mający różną ilość doświadczeń zawodowych inaczej postrzegać będą etos zawodu lekarza. Ze względu na średnio pięcioletnie różnice wieku między badanymi grupami oczekiwano również różnic w sposobie konstruowania swojej narracyjnej tożsamości. Kolejnym badanym zagadnieniem były związki pomiędzy sposobem percypowania etosu zawodowego i cechami tożsamości osobistej a poczuciem jakości życia młodych dorosłych zaangażowanych w różnym stopniu w medyczną karierę, a także to, w jakim stopniu powiązanie obu narracji (etosowej i tożsamościowej) może wiązać się z dobrostanem badanych. Uzyskane wyniki świadczą o występowaniu znaczących różnic w postrzeganiu lekarskiego etosu zawodowego – od najbardziej pozytywnej jego ewaluacji w grupie studentów, do najmniej pozytywnej u rezydentów. Zgodnie z przewidywaniami otrzymano również rezultaty wskazujące na istotne różne charakterystyki narracji tożsamościowych w badanych grupach. Zaobserwowano także, że dla poczucia jakości życia w grupie studentów i rezydentów kluczowe znaczenie ma przede wszystkim sposób percepcji zawodowego etosu, zaś u lekarzy stażystów tak silnych efektów nie zaobserwowano. Niniejszy projekt rzuca światło na część zjawisk związanych z realizacją doniosłego zadania rozwojowego okresu wczesnej dorosłości, jakim jest rozpoczynanie kariery zawodowej.
The problem discussed in the presented thesis considers the significance of the implementation of developmental tasks such as identity construction and transition from educational context to the labour market may have to the subjective quality of life in young adults. The project has been conducted in the narrative paradigm that derives from personalism and social constructionism theory. The chosen theoretical background not only considers the significance of language in processes of understanding and creating reality (personal and social), but also allows providing a context to maintain personal subjectivity and individualism of participants within the research procedures. Personal identity is therefore understood as a disposition to construct and reconstruct a narrative about the self. In the process of creating such a narrative, it becomes possible for individual to discover or endorse life – time experiences with personal sense and meaning. It does not unfold in a void, but in surrounding of many, socially constructed stories – including narratives about the chosen / practiced profession (professional ethos). It is expected that in young adulthood the processes of constructing both narratives and their mutual relation might be relevant to subjective quality of life. The participants invited to this project were all involved in medical professional context, being first year medical students, and young doctors – interns and residents. It has been assumed that along with the advancement in career development and processes of acquiring new professional experiences, the changes of ethos perception would occur. Also, considering average five-year age differences between investigated groups, it was expected to discover variation in the manner the narrative identity is constructed. The relationship between the changing perception of professional ethos, narrative identity and the participant’s subjective quality of life was examined. Statistical results showed significant differences in the perception of professional ethos between all three groups – student's perception was the most positive; it declined successfully, reaching the lowest point in the resident group. The research showed also differences in narrative identity construction between the groups. It was also noticed that professional ethos perception is a key factor for subjective quality of life for students and residents, but not for interns. Presented thesis sheds light on significant aspects of developmental process that involve engagement of young adults in choosing and building up their professional careers.