Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Perception de soi – Aspect économique'
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Rouvière, Huguette. "L'estime de soi, l'image de soi, les strategies de coping aux risques de la maladie, du cancer, du s. I. D. A." Toulouse 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU20041.
Full textOn the one hand, the thesis aims at analysing the effects of two diseases, cancer (hemopathy) and aids, on sel-esteem and self-image. On the other hand, we will see what are the coping strategies adopted by the patients to deal with the disease and adapt to it. In chapter one, we will develop different representations of the disease li ke myth, as well as the consequences of the representations of cancer and aids on personal and social identity, on body scheme and image, on self-representation. However the patient reacts opposing defence mecanisms or "reactional" behaviours. Coping processes, which are cognitivo behavioural strategies of stress management, enable the patien to adapt himself to his disease either by focusing on one problem, direct action, or by regulating his emotion, indirect action. Statistical analyses of self esteem, self-image and coping strategies are based on various parameters such as health (hemopathics witnesses), sex and age. The disease by means of over-adjustment process, has positive consequence on self-esteem, self image and coping strategies. Expansive, open-minded women evaluate themselves positively; they have less control on their feelings than steady introverted men who are more able to deal with situa tions. Impulsive and combative teenagers overcome threath. Young steady adults ratio nalize and control difficulties. The disease overwhelms introverted adults, even steady; they are more often reluctant to try to overcome it
Dicko, Ahmadou Abdoulaye. "L'estime de soi chez les jeunes diplômés Maliens en quête d'emploi permanent." Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOL006.
Full textLevesque, Sylvie. "Valeur accordée à l'école, estime de soi et performance scolaire à l'adolescence." Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20013.
Full textThe aim of this research was to study the relationship between academic achievement and academic self-esteem and also between academic self-esteem and global self-esteem. James (1890) suggested many years ago that human values and aspirations had a determining role to play in self evaluations, but not much has been done to test this hypothesis. How the adolescent personally values school is therefore taken into account to study these relationships. Self-esteem being formed of many specific self-evaluations, our research approaches it from a multidimensional perspective (Shavelson et al. , 1976 ; Byrne, 1984 ; Marsh, 1986, Rosenberg, 1995 ; Harter, 1998). Our results are also studied from a longitudinal perspective. 105 girls and 85 boys (13-16 years old) participated to this study. As we expected, a positive relationship was found between academic achievement and academic and academic self-esteem and also between academic self-esteem and global self-esteem. The relationship between academic achievement and academic self-esteem is a function of how school is academically valued, but the relationship between academic self-esteem and global self-esteem is not. It is also shown that school value takes part in the prediction of academic and global self-esteem. These results are the studied by taking into account the sex and the type of college the students attend
Lévêque, Gwenaëlle. "Vivre avec le VIH. Face à la séropositivité ou au sida : estime de soi, stress et stratégies de coping." Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20029.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to study the actual experience of HIV-positive people and in particular to understand some of the psychological consequences : self-esteem, stress and coping strategies of the same pathogenic process, that is the HIV infection while differentiating the two evolution phases : being HIV-positive and declared Aids. This study fits into a compromise concept of the relationships between the individual and the environment, a model developed in the field of health psychology. We think that HIV infection causes a rupture in one's life and leads to questioning one's identity. It threatens well-being, temporal prospects and leads to various losses and consequently generates stress. But it also leads the individual to cope and to develop his personality by using coping strategies. 61 HIV-positive people and 54 Aids patients (adult women and men) took part in this research. The assessed variables were acquired by means of a questionnaire, of self-esteem scale, stress and coping scales and by means of research semi-guiding discussion. The results show that the level of self-esteem is not directly influenced by the degree of HIV infection : HIV-positive people have no more self-esteem than Aids patients. On the other hand a positive assessment of one's physical health explains a greater self-esteem. HIV-positive people are not stressed as people with declared Aids. They are not so tense and confused, they feel less threatened by their infection and they worry less about their future. To cope with the situation, people use avoidance or control strategies, social support and change strategies ; strategies influenced by their levels of self-esteem and stress
Vigne, Patricia. "Activité sportive, conflit et personnalisation à l'adolescence : place de l'autre dans la gestion stratégique en natation et en judo." Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20108.
Full textAron-Michel, Anne-Marie. "La danse et la creation choregraphique : modes privilegies d'elaboration des representations de soi." Caen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CAEN1102.
Full textDance is a lot of morphicinecis skilles. But furthemore, it is an art dealing with impressive expressive dimension and communication between spectators and the dancers. So the dancer is viewed like a creator and dance is considered as revealing all parts of the dancers' individual and self representation. Between dance and dancers, we can emphasize three critical focuses : relations between dance and gender's dancer, relations between dancers and social environment, relations between dancer and himself herself. Gender dimension deals with the relation between gender and dance representations (male vs female self identity). Social dimension dealms with the relation between the personal model of oneself and social models of others. Personal dimension appears in researching self confidence, in dance discovering and dancing. Dance may be one of the best means to acquire self representation in all personal and social dimensions. It makes constantly actual the body relation, stimulates imagery and creation, and licenses originality and divergent thinking
Kailani, Abdelaziz. "Immigration familiale et conflits identitaires : contribution à l'étude de la perception de soi chez l'adolescent d'origine étrangère." Toulouse 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU20078.
Full textDue both to their parents'origin and their actual presence in the french society wherein they have grown and are still living, the adolescents born of immigrated moroccan families have to cope with unquestionable identity conflicts. Starting from this, our thesis aims at the analysis of these problems examined under their various peculiar aspects: - in a first part, assuming the hypothesis that these subjects are utterly unable to present a true image of themselves nor a coherent and distinct one of other people, we have devoted our efforts to define the modalities of the ways they perceive their own self. - then, we have tried to analyse the relations they keep up with their closest immigrated friends, these latter included in the meaning of the word "we". -finally, taking into account their characteristic ambiguous relationships with their equals, french as well as moroccan, we have taken a special interest in the way they identify themselves to both
Butera, Luigi. "Three essays on the economics of image motivation." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO22011/document.
Full textThis thesis contains two essays that assess the role of social image concerns in charitable giving decisions and one essay that explores the role of authority in hierarchical relationships characterized by aligned monetary interests.The first essay uses a neuro-economic experiment to compare the effect of social exposure on two types of pro-social behaviors: doing good and avoiding doing bad. We find that image gains deriving from visible acts of generosity are computed by the brain as rewards for both decisions. Differently, selfish decisions with no negative image consequences are computed differently: not doing good (and thus saving money) correlates with reward-related regions, while doing bad (and thus earning money) correlates with regions related to punishment’s anticipation and moral disgust.The second essay studies how information about real charities’ efficiency (and its social visibility) affects small donors contributions. We find that individuals disregard bad news about their own charities when giving happens under full anonymity, but do increase their contributions to charities that perform better than expected. Differently, when both the amount donated and the efficiency of the recipient are public knowledge, donors motivated by social image concerns treat the quantity and the quality of their donations as substitutes.The third investigates the effects of control in principal-agents’ relationships where monetary interests are aligned. By comparing direct control and general impersonal rules, we show that direct monitoring generates significantly more hidden costs of control from the agent side than impersonal rules.At the same time however, principals tend to exercise their authority less when restrictions are impersonal, as these force them to signal their greed also when unnecessary
Rameau, Gérard. "Images de soi, regard de l'autre et vidéo dans les groupes de formation en expression-communication : la vidéoscopie en questions, enjeux et conditions d'emploi." Grenoble 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE29028.
Full textThe self-observation experience using the videotape technique does not only raise problems of a technical and practical nature; it also poses psychological problems. When a person is confronted by his or her own image, a series of personnal problems occasionally arises whose consideration extends beyong the scope of the exercise itself. However, one may ask whether this is the main source of all the difficulties and uncertainties involved in the exercise, and principally of the risks to which those who use it lay themselves open. In practice the questions they put, either directly or indirectly, are not restricted to this aspect alone, and their observations allow us to identify four "areas of investigation": the first concerns the issues involved in interpersonal communication; the second, the intersubjective determinants of the self-image; the third concerns the specific nature of the electronic image itself and the use of the equipment; lastly, the fourth raises the question of the actual purpose of this technique. By considering the various areas in depth we are better able to identify the real issues involved in the use of closed-circuit tv and to draw a number of lessons on the requirements for their use, and at the same time to open up prospects for the training of those who use this technique and for the future research in this field
Sordes-Ader, Florence. "Les conséquences psychologiques du cancer : anxiété, estime de soi, projets et stratégies de coping des adolescents." Toulouse 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU20083.
Full textAt the beginning of the eighties, scarce were curable cancers. Tooday, the control of this disease has become possible in numerous cases. However that may be, this serious illness, accompanied by a strong negative representation, through the crisis it brings about, may cause great personal distress, which may lead to a breaking point. Our purpose in making this study is to analyse the psychological consequences of such an illness on the adolescent who has already been confronted with various changes : the bodyfigure, the feeling of his intellectual competences,. . . In our research, we will put the stress on the intensity of emotions faced with cancer, on self-image affected by treatments and by their effects, on the temporal aspect linked to the threat (of death ?), and also on the course of action to take to face the problem, which is of the utmost importance in the management of the stressfull situation. The population of this research is composed of 51 adolescents suffering from cancer, and of 51 adolescents so-called "tout venant", aged from 14 to 20. The impact of the disease is evaluated by means of questionnaires on anxiety, self-esteem, temporal horizon and plans, and finally, on coping strategies. We have brought to the fore, contrary to what we had expected, weaker anxiety and stronger sel-esteem with sick adolescents, especially with girls. This refers to denial, to over self-actualization, even, to the effect of social support. Plans for the future, and occupational
Desmichel, Pascal. "Réalité économique et perception sociale du tourisme en milieu rural fragile : analyse à partir de territoires du grand Sud-Ouest français." Limoges, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIMO2007.
Full textPineault, Nancy. "Couples endogames et couples mixtes : comparaison de la satisfaction conjugale, de la perception des pairs à l'égard du couple et de l'estime de soi." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ55873.pdf.
Full textNdeke, Fidèle. "Étude exploratoire de l'image du corps chez les étudiants congolais de Bordeaux." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR21007.
Full textFor a number of social scientist, such as Fanon (1952) an increased contact between black and whites affects the negro's self-esteem, perception and body image as well as its influence his racial contacts readyness. We worked out with a sample of students from different ethnic groups : congolese, french caribeans, french to verify this thesis. As a result, it appear that the african self-esteem is as high as the one of the white student and his body image does not seem to be altered even though some european centered traits preferences have been observed. These results enabled us to state that increased interracial contact is not automatically disabling for congolese
Clercier, Chantal. "Un tissage aux fils de soi : contribution à une approche de la construction de l’identité des femmes par leur présentation vestimentaire." Pau, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PAUU1003.
Full textThe research examines how the individual (in this case, women) fashions the construction of outward appearance within an interior/exterior dialectic. The place of the imagination is embedded in the daily, repetitive act of dressing This research is focused on the connotations of dress. Staging of the body offers a particularly individualist presentation of the self. Clothes predominate in the choice of the artifices employed to modify the image of the body. Such personal dress codes are formative, inventive, occasioonally restrictive. This stufy provides a deeper insight into the link between us and our clothes. The researcher makes a point of highlighting the warp and weft of these habits which interweave the threads of history, the formative, transformative, unifying and creative character of this woven element. The modelling proposef outlines identity according to four dimensions : knowledge, technical and social evolution, context, social and cultural mediation. The daily staging of the fashioning of the being hinges around a twofold inter-relationship between codes/representations and experience/corporal singularity. As an outsider creating a system in the construction of the staging of the self, chothes are transformative in the shaping of the singular self, part and parcel of the accomplishment of the being
Locatelli, Katia. "Le besoin de beauté : étude de la demande d'esthétisation de soi par la chirurgie." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC082.
Full textObjective: The clinical encounter between a psychologist or psychiatrist and a subjectrequesting cosmetic surgery rouses some crucial questions: how can we understand the subject’s request to sculpt his body? What are the unconscious motives that could be hidden behind this kind of desire? And if the clinician is asked to express an opinion concerning the pertinence of an intervention request, which criteria should he or she follow? In others words, what could a subject’s disappointment or satisfaction with a surgical intervention teach us? This study aims to provide a greater comprehension of the subjective psychical process that could explain a cosmetic surgery request, in order to improve the care of patients undergoing aesthetic interventions. Methodology: In order to present a critical clarification of our object of study, we have analysed the theoretical contributions of psychoanalytic authors, and compared these with the experimental quantitative research on the subject. In parallel, we carried out thirty-five interviews with subjects requesting cosmetic surgery. These interviews were recorded, transcribed, and qualitatively analysed with the Grounded Theory method. Results: Qualitative analyses of the patient’-s’ speech allowed us to build a sequential model of the decision process involved in the resort to cosmetic surgery. A successive psychoanalytic reflexion permitted the integration of our qualitative research results with the international and interdisciplinary research. A larger theorization, taking into account the complexity underlying the desire for cosmetic surgery, was formulated. The need for beauty was identified as a central unifying phenomenon, playing an interpretative and decisive role in our final theorization. Conclusions: A better comprehension of a subject’s request for cosmetic surgery could constitute a considerable asset to surgeons, psychologists, or psychiatrists who are faced with the necessity to express an opinion on the decision to operate or not. The results of our study have allowed us to provide some solutions for successful interdisciplinary collaboration. We also suggest some prospective research directions to contribute valuable elements of comprehension for future professionals
Politis-Stergiou, Evangelos. "La perception scientifique de l'espace montagnard : son approche en Grèce et l'exemple de sa transformation dans le Péloponnèse du Nord (le cas de Kalavryta)." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100115.
Full textPoussin, Marjorie. "Surdité congénitale et expérience subjective à l'adolescence : sentiment d'intégration, estime de soi, stress perçu et stratégies de coping." Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20033.
Full textThis research studies the impact of deafness from birth and the process of socialization and personalization of the adolescent. We thus analyse the experience of the deaf adolescent through his feeling of integration, his self-esteem, his stress state as well as how well he can cope with a stressful situation. We also tried to define the impact of the mode of communication on these same processes (comparison bilingualisme/oralism). Other factors were considered, such as the mode of education, the degree of deafness, the level of understanding and of expression in French. These are just so many of the factors supposed to have an influence on the psychological processes examined. The population used in this research was constitued of 128 deaf adolescents and 133 adolescents with hearing, both boys and girls, aged 11 to 22. In order to evaluate the feeling of integration of the adolescents, we conceived a scale in reference to the theories of socialization. We used the Toulouse scales of self-esteem, stress and coping. Unexpectedly, the feeling of being integrated in their family and in the community (school and society) is upheld in spite of the difficulties of communication inherent to deafness. Nevertheless, it does present an obstacle in relationships with peers and this, mainly for girls. Deaf adolescents also suffer less stress, and have equal, if not more, self-esteem on the physical level. Oralism favours personal evaluation and the feeling of integration in the family. Moreover, deaf adolescents can control a difficult situation better, but try to avoid it more than adolescents with hearing. Finally, these psychological concepts are complex in the deaf population. Our results have made us conclude that deaf adolescents are well committed in the process of personalization. Not only are they capable of adapting, but they can also go beyond their deafness and develop positively
Babin, Emmanuel. ""La découration" ou la qualité de vie après une laryngectomie totale." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN1467.
Full textLacoste, Serge. "L'estime de soi et les stratégies de coping dans la professionnalisation du jeune footballeur : sa réussite sportive et professionnelle par son estime de soi et la gestion de ses émotions." Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20003.
Full textThis research analyze the subject's interstructuration within the soccer training centre institution. The interest is the validation of new scales adapted to the population and the study of the interaction between the institutional framework and the soccer player's self-esteem, stress, coping stategies during his training period. This problematic is dealt in a transversal way involving 190 soccers of 15 to 19 years. In addition, we carried out a longitudinal analysis over the three years of training with 48 of theses training players. Our results show that the institutional decisions are in relation to soccer self-esteem developed by the teenager. Those feelings of personal value are decisive in the evaluation of the stressors, stress and the coping strategies. The improvement of the player's self-esteem brings a less significant perception of the stress and supports the use of the social support and control strategies. On another hand, a degradation of the institutional decisions associated with an increase in the perceived stress leads the teenager to stand back and to seek other activities
Vézina, Philippe. "L'influence de la rétroaction positive sur l'estime de soi social, la perception de l'efficacité personnelle sociale, le dialogue interne et l'anxiété sociale dans un contexte de communication verbale." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/43055.
Full textKerviler, Gwarlann de. "La fidélité prototypique : une approche de la fidélité perçue par l'auto-catégorisation." Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090037/document.
Full textPerception that the client has of his own brand loyalty has not been addressed in the marketing literature. This research attempts to overcome this limit in four ways: (1) demonstrating that customer’s perceived loyalty can be approached through Self-Categorization as brand Loyal (SCL) corresponding to a subjective evaluation of one’s similarity to a prototyped loyal customer (one’s perceived typicality); (2) identifying the attributes of the prototyped loyal customer organized around six factors: Confidence, Continuity, Information, Participation, Identity, Exclusivity - the first dimensions being more strongly associated to loyalty ; (3) studying the strong influence of CSF on customer expectations and future intentions and (4) demonstrating that it is more the CSF than the true contribution of a customer which determines the perceived legitimacy of benefits received from the brand.The integration of CSF in customer segmentation appears to be as an efficient tool to improve the acceptance and in turn the effectiveness of relationship marketing efforts
Flahault, Cécile. "De l'Autre au Même : problématique identitaire des greffes pulmonaires : étude en test-retest de l'adaptation psychologique, en fonction de leur représentation de soi, de sujets mucoviscidosiques confrontés à la transplantation." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100185.
Full textThe aim of this study is to display the psychological adjustment in patients with cystic fibrosis facing lung transplantation. We have defined two groups of patients the ones whose identity perception is based on their disease, and the other ones for whose disease is different of being. We have compared these groups by a test-retest proceeding (before and alter transplantation), based on structured-interviews and Rorschach (Comprehensive System). The results show that patient's adjustment alter transplantation is depending on identity perception style. In every way, patients of each group are able to cope with the post-transplantation's situation, but their anxiety level is changing in accordance with their identity rehandlings, modifying consecutively their coping strategies
Croteau, Jessica. "Perceptions et influences des habitudes alimentaires dans les premières années d'un travail atypique : une étude qualitative." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69485.
Full textThe purpose of this dissertation is (1) to examine the perception that shift workers have of the influence of physiological, psychological, psychophysiological and socioenvironmental aspects on their eating habits in the first years of shift work schedule, (2) identify barriers perceived to have healthy habits, including healthy eating habits, by shift workers with atypical working hours and (3) identify factors perceived to facilitate the adoption of healthy habits, including healthy eating habits, by shift workers with atypical work schedule. The following question will be answered: What meaning do healthcare workers give to their eating habits in the early years of shift work schedule? Nine (N = 9) shift workers who have worked on atypical working schedule for less than 6 years and who are between 23 and 33 years old took part in semi-structured individual interviews. An inductive thematic qualitative analysis of the participants' discourse was performed using QDA miner lite software. The results indicate that familial and social contexts, seasons, as well as sleep are the main themes that influence the construction of the meaning of eating habits for shift workers in the first years of their practice. An important interrelation between the physical, psychological, psychophysiological and socioenvironmental elements seems to exist and complexifies the construction of meaning for shift workers. The participants' speech highlights the difficulties that may arise in connection with their social relationships, seasons and their sleep, but also how these elements may have made life easier in some cases. Factors such as being in a relationship with a partner who also works on an atypical working schedule and having a more stable and less busy schedule also seem to lead to greater well-being in the first years of this type of work for some participants.
Muths, Stéphane. "Une étude de la honte : sujet, culture et temporalité." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC065.
Full textThe topic of shame knows a revival of interest in psychoanalytic research as if it had a new topicality in our culture. The feeling of guilt is an anchor point of psychoanalysis merged with shame. The latter is a feeling of displeasure that upsets the psyche because the subject is humiliated by the removal of its narcissistic attributes. The dialectic between shame and guilt questions the place of the feeling of opprobrium in the current subjective construction and its clinical and cultural terms. The relationships between shame and culture are discussed in two aspects: a work of shame in the culture and the cultures of shame based around the concepts of miasma and staining. Our modernity seems to fall into a logic based on the turning over of shame between its denial and its exposure. Shame cultures rely on this logic whereas guilt cultures rely on the question of Sin. Ancient Greece was the scene of shame where the public esteem was the ideal. The post-war Japan has also been guided by the sense of own seppuku honor. Today, another form of shame appears in the guise of the hildldmori and suicide at work. Other clinical variations emerge notably in teenage phobias. It shows another form of temporality between affect-signal, a latent shame and an afterwards structural shame. That can be seen as the mark of a phallic sham reactivating the anxiety of separation out of the own guilt repair need. The current culture seems to be moving towards a culture of shame
Goldberger, Sylvie. "De la schize de l'oeil et du regard." Rennes 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN20004.
Full textAn encounter with patients whose medical diagnosis was “visual defective subjects with associated disorders” originated the subject matter of the study about the dissociation between eye and glance”. Difficulties in educational undertaking of so-called non typical subjects question us about the message enclosed behind the obvious symptom. The need of thinking up new answers clearly comes out, taking into account the peculiar tics between Imaginary Rea and Symbolic. A first chapter will be dedicated to an approach of the illusion of the look through myth, religion and philosophy. ‘The second chapter will show, from a modern viewpoint, the birth of apprenticeship and education for blind people by means of specific tools inventions. This will recall the history of blind men undertaking within the more general history of the abnormal people undertaking. It will also show us how the “blind-rnan” went from a humanistic speech to scientific talk. In a third chapter, two clinical cases demonstrate that the failure of specialised undertaking ponds us over the dissociation of sight and glance and points out that visual equipment is, first, equipment based on visual drive. A fourth chapter will show that the failure of the specular picture assumption is not closely related to the visual handicap but that assumption is driven fragile through what sight represents in the mind of the Other of the desire. To that point, the cleavage of the subject in his social affective and cognitive abilities leads to reduce to silence the subject of subconscious
Guenette, Andrée-Anne. "Gastrectomie : effet sur les comportements alimentaires; huit mois post-chirurgie." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36274.
Full textDelisle, Marie-Noëlle. "Une analyse de la spécificité de la motivation et du concept de soi scolaire en regard de la performance des élèves en mathématiques, en sciences et en français." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/46826.
Full textDutrévis, Marion. "Statut social et réputations d'infériorité intellectuelle : quand la gestion de l'image de soi altère la performance." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CLF20002.
Full textThe purpose of this work was to contribute to the explanation of achievement differences between social groups. Several studies have revealed that the reputations of intellectual inferiority that usually target stigmatized group members can alter their cognitive functioning (i. E. Stereotype threat hypothesis, Steele, 1997). Though research has repeatedly demonstrated that the performance of low status group members, (e. G. Blacks in the United states or women) can be disrupted by stereotypes alleging intellectual inferiority when they are made salient, very little id known about the process underlying this pehnomenon. We hypotesized that the suspicion of lower ability faced by low status group members in evalutive settings can lead them to focus on the self-evalutation implications of a potential low performance. This focalization in turns would generate sel-regulation demands that would disrupt performance on the main task. Our first study shows that evaluative situations affect stigmatized individuals' self-esteem and motivation. Moreover, when these individuals have the opportunity to affirm positive aspects of the self, their performance increases (studies 2, 3 and 4). In other words and in accordance with our hypothesis, stereotype threat appears to involve some self-regulation. However studies 5 and 6 did not allow us to determine if individuals's focus on negative self-knowledge iduces a self-regulation activity interfering with performance. Nevertheless, our work suggests that self-image devaluation generated by negative stereotypes applicability in testing situations is responsible for stereotype threat effects. Further research we review and discuss reveals that, when intellectual abilities are not perceived as fixed anymore, or when some low status individuals invalidate negative sterotypes of their group, members of these stigmatized groups perform better in evaluative situations
Moalla, Mehdi. "La différenciation des produits et services touristiques par la qualité et le territoire : une application aux services touristiques et environnementaux territorialisés." Grenoble 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE21027.
Full textWasinski, Christophe. "La représentation de Soi et de l'Autre dans la pensée stratégique: une analyse de la culture stratégique occidentale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210952.
Full textDoctorat en sciences politiques
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Bernard, Yohan. "La perception du prix des produits tout à fait nouveaux : vers un prix de référence interne constuit, le cas de la musique à la demande sur Internet." Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020076.
Full textLaberge, François. "La construction sociodiscursive de l'image médiatique de la drag-queen Mado Lamotte - Les frontières de la transgression sociale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30147/30147.pdf.
Full textPhilippe, Hebrard Chantal. "Les filles et les filières scientifiques : étude des facteurs psychologiques favorisant l'orientation des filles vers un métier scientifique." Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20012.
Full textCertain technical and scientific courses reveal a distinct disproportion between the number of girls and boys. If a girl can find the necessary ressources in herself (self-esteem), il her family environment (parental pride), in her relationship to school (academic achievement) and in her relationship to knowledge (a certain disposition for scientific subjects), then she has every chance of succeeding in the field she has chosen. Good self-esteem appears effectively to be a prerequisite to pursuing studies which are at odds with a certain form of logic of social reproduction. Moreover, as the relationship with knowledge originates in the desire of the subject, the opinion of others, in particular of the father, is all the more important. When studying science subjects, girls like mathematics as much as boys but are not attracted to physics and its technical applications. They are more partial to the life sciences which are closer to the "feminine position" as described by Lacan. When a girl likes science she adheres to all its components, to the system of hypothetical and deductive statements, but also to the social conditions inherent to the practice of scientific activity. When girls opt for a scientific course of studies they are prepared to assume the power relationship correlated to a phallic position. As a result they leave a sphere turned towards private life (entailing a certain type of professional orientation) to be able to benefit from all possible types of scientific knowledge
Solda, Alice. "Overconfidence as an interpersonal strategy." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2010.
Full textStandard economic models assume that individuals collect and process information in a way that gives them a relatively accurate perception of reality. However, this assumption is often violated. Data shows that individuals often form positively biased beliefs about themselves, which can have detrimental economic con-sequences. This thesis aims to explain the persistence of overconfidence in social interactions by showing the existence of strategic benefits of being overconfident that offset its social cost.Using a series of laboratory experiments, this thesis shows that (i) overconfidence emerges primarily when it provides an advantage in social interactions (Chapter2) and (ii) identify situations in which overconfidence is likely to be socially detrimental (Chapter 3 and 4). This thesis contributes to the literature by enhancing our understanding of the situational determinants of overconfidence in social interactions and lay the foundations to improve policies intended to prevent or limit its negative effects
Halimi, Laurence. "Observance et asthme sévère : aspects psychologiques." Montpellier 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON30050.
Full textAsthma is a chronic disease and its severity is increasing. In France, 2000 asthma-related deaths are reported annually and therapeutic adherence is partly to blame. It is a well-known fact that psychopathological problems may influence adherence, but the literature continues to question the biopsychosocial characteristics linked to this behaviour. The aim of the study is to evaluate the psychosocial aspects that are involved in the adoption of this type of behaviour. Sixty people with severe asthma were followed-up at the University Hospital of Montpellier (6 visits a year by each patient). General therapeutic adherence was assessed by a lung specialist and specific adherence was monitored electronically using a peak-flow meter. Control beliefs about life events (Locus of Control), extraversion and neuroticism were all examined at the beginning and at the end of the study. The stability of these variables was analysed. Perceived control and self-image were evaluated at the end of the study. The results obtained using the evaluation of specific adherence would suggest that external control beliefs and extraversion both interfere with therapeutic adherence. These variables are constant. Self-image also differs depending on adherence. Neuroticim and perceived control are not related to adherence. Results also indicate that age and social desirability are linked to the adoption of this behaviour. Doctors' assessment of general adherence is variable and individuals cannot be distinguished on a psychological basis. The results lead to questions such as the concept and measurement of therapeutic adherence
Trainoir, Marianne. "Ethnographie des pratiques numériques des personnes à la rue." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20063/document.
Full textHomelessness is studied within two paradigms: the critical approach, which emphasizes the phenomena of social domination and the interactionist approach that underlines the successive adaptations that individuals implement. Those adaptations are studied through particular situations within which the "homeless" identity is built and a career takes shape. That career is looked at either as a un-socialization career or as a survival career in which self-preservation forms a daily and biographical perspective. In this context, working on issues such as "Getting off the streets" and "Home" paves the way for a renewed approach to self-preservation beyond situational facework. In this perspective, our ethnography of digital practices forms a practical support for self-preservation. Our fieldwork within social support structures shows that all the people surveyed, despite their heterogeneity, experience wandering as an intimate and social experience, and as a form of extreme precariousness which is lived between street and assistance, and marked by a self-weakening and an alteration of the capacity to look to the future. This experience is punctuated by many trials, gathered in a struggle for self-preservation. Self-preservation is then both a daily concern and a biographical question encompassing past, present and future temporalities. It is a work in the daily reality of survival but also through a memory work, selfpresentation, self-experimentation and self-projection. If the struggle against disengagement is almost invisible, digital practices offer a new approach for observation and analysis. Digital uses make it possible to access to rights and margins of autonomy. They also support friendship and family links. Between private and public life, digital uses allow homeless people to set up times and spaces to care about themselves. Eventually, our study also shows that digital uses create an ambivalent form of support: sometimes enabling, sometimes disqualifying. Indeed, it can turn against the subject, feeding identity crumbling and strengthening the solitude and unworthiness feelings
Moullec, Grégory. "Dynamique des construits psychologiques et maladie chronique." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON14003.
Full textBonnot, Virginie. "Les mécanismes de (re)production des performances des femmes en mathématiques : l'influence du stéréotype d'incompétence." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CLF20015.
Full textSabéran, Djamshid Abdi. "Dynamiques identitaires au cours de l'accompagnement vers l'emploi : entre réactions au stigmate et stratégies d'auto-handicap." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21649/document.
Full textJob search assistance plays an essential role among the array of public policies aimed at tackling unemployement. It can however also magnify the stigma against the unemployed with active labour market policies and accountability given to the unemployed. Nevertheless, the need for positive self-perception is crucial, pushing each individual, especially the stigmatized, to process self-related information in a partial and biased way, producing a favourable representation of themselves in theirs environment. Our research examines the nature and scope of jobseeker's (JS) self-image preservation strategies in a job search assistance program. 267 JS - and their counselors - were interviewed at the beginning and the end of the program, through a specific questionnaire assessing their understanding of employment and employability, their perception of the program and their own employability evaluation. The results confirm the "activity" of the JS during the program, constructing "theories" of employability and employment according to their own perceived probability of employment. It directly influences their attitudes towards the program and its outcome. Moreover, the influence of the conselor is clear : his or her beliefs in a "collective / supporting" theory will produce greater mobilization than a belief in a " individualizing / empowering" theory
Gazel, Junior Marco Antonio. "Essays on behavioral economics of confidence, creativity and education." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E030/document.
Full textThis thesis contributes to the growing economic literature on noncognitive skills that are critical for life success, specially for academic success. It comprises four essays based on behavioral and experimental economics approaches, with two main objectives. The first objective is to study two noncognitive skills, namely self-confidence and creativity. We aim at understanding the determinants of self-confidence, and the impact of creative potential on economic outcomes. The second objective is to study how school systems impact educational decisions, educational outcomes and intergenerational mobility, where noncognitive skills may play an important role, specially self-confidence and motivation. We observe an important impact of the noncognitive abilities on behavior and economic results, especially for the educational achievements. Taken all our evidences together, it seems fundamental that schools worry about the development of these noncognitive abilities - and not only of the cognitive abilities. Helping students to have better estimates of self-confidence, favoring the development of creative potential, and stimulating motivation and effort should be part of the education that pupils receive in schools ; promoting then better decisions, better outcomes and a more equitable society
Ross, Marie-Ève. "C'est une fille! : inégalités de genre et stratégies d'adaptation des femmes d'un quartier du Nord de New Delhi." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27184.
Full textThis thesis is about the representation of women in New Delhi and their perceptions of themselves, as women and girls in Indian society. More specifically, the women interviewed talk about the image of "woman" in India, their positions and their roles in the family, as daughters, as wives and as mothers, but also studying the relations with others (women and men). With the aim to illuminate the phenomenon of sexual selection of the unborn child and discrimination based on gender, gender relations that can be affected by the practices and customs were analyzed. Specifically, it is through their discourse and their experiences that have enabled us to illustrate that women are agents of change and have the power to act on their lives.
Huguet-Benabdelmouna, Marie-Céline. "La réussite en éducation musicale : des facteurs individuels aux facteurs contextuels." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00259778.
Full textPena, Pena Manuela. "Etude et compréhension des mécanismes d’auto dépréciation et d’auto-affirmation des personnes obèses." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100118/document.
Full textThe aims of this thesis are to understand the processes of self-depreciation and self-affirmation in obese people. 209 obese and 920 normal-weight people took part in this six experiment thesis. We first examined social representations related to obesity and obese people, according to intergroup contact. Then we developed and validated a weight related stigma feeling questionnaire. Finally, we tested coping strategies and self-affirmation effects (ie, protocol Napper, Epton and Harris, 2009), on self-image measures, in normal-weight and obese people.Firstly, results show that when there is contact between an obese and a non-obese person, their social representation is more empathetic than without contact. Secondly, we tested the validity of the weight related stigma feeling questionnaire (sensitivity, content validity, reliability). This questionnaire determines individual stigmatizing experiences frequency associated with emotions experienced in those situations. Finally, we highlight that self-affirmation technique, through Napper, Harris and Epton's protocol (2009), causes self-centering and social comparison effects that could interfere in obese people's self-image enhancement process. Our work helps to emphasize the personal and social identity processes involved in treating obese people’s image question. We propose an analysis framework of identity processes involved in weight related rejection feeling
Truchon, Karoline. "L'exigence de visibilité par l'image dans les sociétés contemporaines : le cas d'un complexe d'habitations sociales à Montréal." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30151/30151.pdf.
Full textThomassin, Aurélie. ""Des réserves sous réserve" : acceptation sociale des Aires Marines Protégées : l'exemple de la région sud-ouest de l'océan Indien." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00627993.
Full textVargioni, Jacques. "Psychopathologie et clinique de l'obésité : Approche psychanalytique." Thesis, Paris 13, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA131040.
Full textFrom clinical experience and from a theoretical reflection indexed in the Freudian approach we propose a psychoanalytical approach of the psychopathology of the obesity through three axes of reflection. The first axis concerns the impact of the encroachment by the first objects upon the future objectal investments of the obese subject. The noxious effects of the premature disturbances of the early feeding, by excess or by default, can be treated or by a series of negative mechanisms-what we suggest naming the white lineage-, or by an incorporation of the object : the body melancholy - that we associate with the black lineage-.The second axis of reflection is the question of transgression of the body limits. We propose an individually and a social and cultural study of this phenomenon. Finally, the third axis is interested in the constitution of obesity and in the aporias of the development of the psychosexuality
Suzor, Carole. "Miroirs : l'identité et l'intimité sexuelle chez les femmes ayant vécu l'expérience de l'ablation d'un sein." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19952.
Full textAbang, Sako Astha. "Approche cognitive de la relation entre l’image de soi et la satisfaction professionnelle dans les groupes d’appartenance : cas des fonctionnaires du ministère du travail, de l’emploi et de la prévoyance sociale du Gabon." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20002/document.
Full textThe objective of this research is to study the concepts of “self-Image” and “Satisfaction” in the membership of groups working in a cognitive and conative (affects and effect). It is shown that self-image at work is linked to different levels of satisfaction issues facing their jobs. These levels of satisfaction depend on their level of expectations. Job satisfaction is thus based on the subject and not on the job itself. Therefore, this concept fits into a system comprising, first, aspects of employment and benefits and, secondly, the individual and his expectations.The study covers 63 subjects, a relatively small population of a statistical point of view but with which we could highlight some interesting results that, by caution, we consider as valid only for that population.In light of the analysis correlated the different parameters explored, the study reveals that there is actually a system of expectations “theoretical” strictly inherent to the subject, and a variety of expectations from the individual and cultural differences. The satisfaction of officials of the Ministry of Labour, Employment, and Social Welfare of Gabon depends on the material benefits that their jobs provide them (room air-conditioned and equipped, car service, salaries and bonuses…), related to aspects outside the work place (luxury housing, additional income, social recognition…).All these elements contribute to building the image of success they relate to others. And this image is strongly dependent on the image that these officials are themselves associated with their expectations. In light of this experimental study is also based on a theoretical study devoted to the psychology of work in the context of public service and, more specifically to the experiences of staff at work (their representation of their position, directly in the structure, but also outside in the society around them), it appears that the image of success requires a positive self-image, revealing a sense of professional and personal satisfaction. The results of our experiments tend to verify this last statement, which calls for study of further research
Clément, Jérémie. "Malaise dans la civilisation néolibérale : Le discours du néolibéralisme et ses incidences subjectives." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC040.
Full textFar from being merely a simple economic system, neoliberalism is a genuine mode of government of man, based on the sole and only principle of market guidance with its universal mechanism of competition. Its doctrine commands upon the global exercise of contemporary political power.Our societies are struggling with the long-term impact of the rise to power of the scientific and capitalist discourses. Nowadays, ignoring the laws of the Market is no excuse. Having spread and forced merchant and entrepreneurial rationality into the most remote fields of human existence – health, education, justice, university and others – the deployment of market economy is not limited to purely commercial areas anymore. Quite generally, all of mankind’s economies are now driven by the logic of gain. The enterprise as a form, along with privatisation, have become the new models upon which new norms of living and of existence, all the way down to the subjective norm, are being modeled. Political subservience to the forces of market thus leaves a mark on the whole social field : on State power, on public institutions, and on the individual themselves.The main aim of this research is to demonstrate that the extensive dissemination of the neoliberal discourse is having an impact on social ties and on subjectivity. Indeed, the divided subject of language is still inscribed in their surrounding discourses, with a renewed relation to their ideal, to their enjoyment, and to the Other. Through critical and clinical examination of these structuring processes, we will show how the economy of their values and of their desire is conditioned by the new, general norm of Western life, which promises a perfect object of enjoyment in a new, freer, neoliberal world
Benzidia, Majda. "Three essays in economics of education : an econometric approach." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0385.
Full textThis thesis focuses on three very different aspects of education but which all affect in their way the quality of its provision.In the first chapter, we investigate the strategic behavior adopted by both the university and the professors, in order, for the first to attract the best academics, and for the second to access the best positions making a trade-off between high salaries, job security and upward mobility possibilities. We question the efficiency of such system in attracting, but also in keeping, the best academics. In a second chapter, we investigate how the income distribution of school districts affects the quality of public schools through the channel of local votes and taxation. In fact, an income polarized school district (more poor and rich at the expense of the middle class) leads to a vote for low taxation and thus low expenditure toward public school and a poorest quality of school. The mechanism being that the richest households send their children to private schools and thus are not concerned by public school quality while poorest households can not afford a too high taxation.Finally, in a last chapter we show how boys' and girls' career expectations and educational background are shaped by gender stereotypes. For instance, the stereotype that men are better at mathematics creates a negative stereotype on girls aptitudes in mathematics. Stereotypes represent the main explanation in boys and girls differences in self-confidence, and have important consequences on the paths they take throughout their lives